DE102018102061B3 - Extrusion apparatus and method for producing carbon fiber reinforced plastic semi-finished products - Google Patents
Extrusion apparatus and method for producing carbon fiber reinforced plastic semi-finished products Download PDFInfo
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- DE102018102061B3 DE102018102061B3 DE102018102061.9A DE102018102061A DE102018102061B3 DE 102018102061 B3 DE102018102061 B3 DE 102018102061B3 DE 102018102061 A DE102018102061 A DE 102018102061A DE 102018102061 B3 DE102018102061 B3 DE 102018102061B3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/14—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
- B29C48/142—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration using force fields, e.g. gravity or electrical fields
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/14—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/14—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
- B29C48/146—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration in the die
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
- B29C70/14—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat oriented
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
- F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
- B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
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- B29C2948/92409—Die; Nozzle zone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
- B29K2027/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluorethene, e.g. ePTFE, i.e. expanded polytetrafluorethene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
- B29K2105/0872—Prepregs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
- B29K2105/122—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles microfibres or nanofibers
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Abstract
Beschrieben wird eine Extrusionsvorrichtung (100) zur Herstellung von kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoffhalbzeugen, bestehend aus einem Gehäuse (1), welches einen Eingangsbereich (2) und einen Ausgangsbereich (3) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Gehäuse (1) eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes (4) angeordnet ist.
Weiterhin wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoffhalbzeugen beschrieben, wobei man die folgenden Schritte nacheinander ausführt:
a) Bereitstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Extrusionsvorrichtung (100) und eines Verbund-Compounds (10);
b) Einleitung des Verbund-Compounds (10) über den Eingangsbereich (2) des Gehäuses (1) in die Extrusionsvorrichtung (100),
c) Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes;
d) Austragen des entstandenen Kunststoffhalbzeugs über den Ausgangsbereich (3) des Gehäuses (1) zur weiteren Verarbeitung.
A description is given of an extrusion device (100) for the production of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic semi-finished products, comprising a housing (1) which has an entrance area (2) and an exit area (3), characterized in that in the housing (1) a device for producing a electric field (4) is arranged.
Furthermore, a method for the production of carbon fiber reinforced plastic semi-finished products is described, wherein the following steps are carried out successively:
a) providing an inventive extrusion device (100) and a composite compound (10);
b) introducing the composite compound (10) into the extrusion device (100) via the entrance area (2) of the housing (1),
c) generating an electric field;
d) discharging the resulting plastic semi-finished product over the exit region (3) of the housing (1) for further processing.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Extrusionsvorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoffhalbzeugen.The present invention relates to an extrusion apparatus and a method for producing carbon fiber reinforced plastic semi-finished products.
Zur Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften extrusionstechnisch hergestellter Kunststoffhalbzeuge werden die eingesetzten Compounds oftmals mit Kohlenstofffasern angereichert. Jedoch wird die Ausrichtung der eingebrachten Fasern derzeit ausschließlich durch die bei der Extrusion entstehenden Strömungsvorgänge beeinflusst, wodurch sich eine unbestimmte Verteilung der Fasern einstellt. Hierdurch kommt es zu Unregelmäßigkeiten der mechanischen Eigenschaften extrudierter Bauteile. Zudem können so weitere Potentiale der Kohlenstofffasern, wie die elektrische Leitfähigkeit und die enorme Wärmeleitfähigkeit, nicht ausgenutzt werden.To improve the mechanical properties of extrusion-produced plastic semi-finished products, the compounds used are often enriched with carbon fibers. However, the orientation of the introduced fibers is currently influenced solely by the flow processes resulting from the extrusion, which results in an indefinite distribution of the fibers. This leads to irregularities in the mechanical properties of extruded components. In addition, further potentials of the carbon fibers, such as the electrical conductivity and the enormous thermal conductivity, can not be exploited.
Derzeitig eingesetzte Extrusionssysteme bestimmen die Strömungsvorgänge des plastifizierten faserverstärkten Verbund-Compounds durch zusätzlich eingebrachte Strömungskanäle, welche die Faserorientierung gezielt beeinflussen. Jedoch können die Fasern hierbei ausschließlich parallel zur Profilebene oder bei der Rohrextrusion in eine Helix-Anordnung parallel zur Rohrachse orientiert werden. Auch dabei entsteht eine undefinierte Ausrichtung der Fasern aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten in den Randbereichen und im Zentrum der Strömung des plastifizierten Verbund-Compounds, wodurch eine gleichbleibende Bauteilqualität nicht sichergestellt werden kann.Currently used extrusion systems determine the flow processes of the plasticized fiber-reinforced composite compound by additionally introduced flow channels, which specifically influence the fiber orientation. However, the fibers can be oriented parallel to the profile plane or during pipe extrusion in a helix arrangement parallel to the pipe axis. This also results in an undefined orientation of the fibers due to the different flow velocities in the edge regions and in the center of the flow of the plasticized composite compounds, whereby a consistent component quality can not be ensured.
Die Veröffentlichung „Method for manufacturing plastic tubes for heat exchangers containing graphite fillers“ (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4421/PAPDEOTT002961) offenbart die Herstellung von hochwärmeleitfähigen Kunststoffrohren durch Extrusion, wobei die Orientierung der Kohlenstofffasern senkrecht zur Fließrichtung durch die Verwendung spezieller Füllstoffe und durch die Geometrie des Fließkanals im Extrusionswerkzeug erzielt wird.The publication "Method for manufacturing plastic tubes for heat exchangers containing graphite fillers" (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4421/PAPDEOTT002961) discloses the production of highly heat-conductive plastic pipes by extrusion, wherein the orientation of the carbon fibers perpendicular to the flow direction through the use of special fillers and the geometry of the flow channel in the extrusion die is achieved.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, die Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu überwinden und eine Vorrichtung bereitzustellen, mittels derer die Orientierung von Kohlenstofffasern in Kunststoffhalbzeugen gezielt beeinflusst werden kann.The object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device by means of which the orientation of carbon fibers in plastic semifinished products can be influenced in a targeted manner.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Bereitstellung einer Extrusionsvorrichtung zur Herstellung von kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoffhalbzeugen gemäß den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind in den abhängigen Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.The object is achieved by the provision of an extrusion device for the production of carbon fiber reinforced plastic semi-finished products according to the features of the main claim. Advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are characterized in the dependent subclaims.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Extrusionsvorrichtung
Besonders bevorzugt ist eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung
Bevorzugt ist eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung
Bevorzugt ist außerdem eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung
Besonders bevorzugt ist eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung
Außerdem ist eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung
Ferner ist eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung
Bevorzugt ist eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung
Besonders bevorzugt ist eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung
Insbesondere ist eine Extrusionsvorrichtung
Außerdem ist eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung
Ferner ist eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung bevorzugt, wobei das Dornhaltewerkzeug
Bevorzugt ist außerdem eine erfindungsgemäße Extrusionsvorrichtung
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoffhalbzeugen, wobei man die folgenden Schritte nacheinander ausführt:
- a) Bereitstellung einer
erfindungsgemäßen Extrusionsvorrichtung 100 und eines Verbund-Compounds 10 ; - b) Einleitung des Verbund-
Compounds 10 über denEingangsbereich 2 desGehäuses 1 in dieExtrusionsvorrichtung 100 , - c) Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes;
- d) Austragen des entstandenen Kunststoffhalbzeugs über den
Ausgangsbereich 3 desGehäuses 1 zur weiteren Verarbeitung.
- a) providing an extrusion device according to the
invention 100 and acompound compound 10 ; - b) Initiation of the
compound compound 10 over theentrance area 2 of thehousing 1 in theextrusion device 100 . - c) generating an electric field;
- d) discharging the resulting plastic semi-finished product over the
exit area 3 of thehousing 1 for further processing.
Bevorzugt ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren, wobei man das Verbund-Compound
Insbesondere ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren bevorzugt, wobei man die Schmelze des Verbund-Compounds
Ferner ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren bevorzugt, wobei man vor Schritt d) Stützluft
Vorzugsweise sind im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung rohrförmige Kunststoffhalbzeuge CFK-Rohre.For the purposes of the present invention, tubular plastic semifinished products are preferably CFRP pipes.
Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung wird als Gehäuse ein zumindest teilweise geschlossener Behälter bezeichnet, wodurch die Strömung in der Extrusionsvorrichtung beeinflusst wird.For the purposes of the present invention, the housing is an at least partially closed container, whereby the flow in the extrusion device is influenced.
Weiterhin wird im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung an den Elektroden der Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes, eine Spannung von mindestens 50 V angelegt. Der Fachmann weiß, dass die Feldstärke des erzeugten elektrischen Feldes von der angelegten Stromstärke abhängig ist. Vorteilhafterweise kann mittels der Feldstärke die Ausrichtung der Kohlefasern innerhalb der erfindungsgemäßen Extrusionsvorrichtung gesteuert werden. Der Fachmann kann durch wenige einfache Versuche die geeignete Spannung und Feldstärke ermitteln, um so die gewünschte Orientierung der Kohlefasern zu bewirken.Furthermore, for the purposes of the present invention, a voltage of at least 50 V is applied to the electrodes of the device for generating an electric field. The person skilled in the art knows that the field strength of the electric field generated depends on the applied current intensity. Advantageously, the orientation of the carbon fibers within the extrusion apparatus according to the invention can be controlled by means of the field strength. The skilled person can determine the appropriate voltage and field strength by a few simple experiments, so as to effect the desired orientation of the carbon fibers.
Des Weiteren bestehen kohlefaserverstärkte Kunststoffhalbzeuge im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung aus einem Verbund-Compound. Der Verbund-Compound besteht aus hochmoduligen Kohlenstofffasern, welche fixiert durch eine thermoplastisch basierte Kunststoffmatrix in einem granulierten Compound vorliegen. Insbesondere werden Kunststoffe auf Basis von Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) als Matrixgrundwerkstoff, auf Grund ihrer thermischen und chemischen Eigenschaften, verwendet.Furthermore, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic semi-finished products in the context of the present invention consist of a composite compound. The composite compound consists of high-modulus carbon fibers, which are fixed by a thermoplastic-based plastic matrix in a granulated compound. In particular, plastics based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are used as the matrix base material because of their thermal and chemical properties.
Vorteilhaft an der Verwendung von hochmoduligen Kohlenstofffasern ist, dass sie neben einer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit sowie durch hohe spezifische Festigkeits- und Steifigkeitseigenschaften eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit in Faserrichtung darüber hinaus eine negative Wärmeausdehnung aufweisen. Die höchsten Wärmeleiteigenschaften mit 1200 W/m*K besitzen sog. „Ultra-High-Modulus“ (UHM)-Spezial-Kohlenstofffasern.An advantage of the use of high-modulus carbon fibers is that in addition to high thermal conductivity and high specific strength and stiffness properties, good electrical conductivity in the fiber direction furthermore has a negative thermal expansion. The highest thermal conductivities at 1200 W / m * K have so-called "ultra high modulus" (UHM) special carbon fibers.
Im Unterschied zu metallischen Werkstoffen, bei denen sich die Wärmeleitung isotrop verhält, ist die thermische Leitfähigkeit der Kohlenstofffasern generell stark anisotrop ausgeprägt und in Faserrichtung am höchsten. UHM-Fasern werden aufgrund der hohen Kohlenstoffausbeute auf Polyacrylnitril-(50%) oder Pech-Basis (>80%) hergestellt. Die hohe Wärmeleitzahl resultiert dabei aus einer speziellen Graphitierung während des Herstellungsprozesses bei Temperaturen bis zu 3000°C. Dadurch wird die Vororientierung der Graphitebenen in Richtung der Faserachse erhöht, so dass mittels der kovalenten Kristallbindungen ein stark anisotropes Materialverhalten entsteht. Infolgedessen beträgt die Wärmeleitung je nach dem Grad der Anisotropie quer zur Faserrichtung max. 17 W/m*K. Im Verbund reduziert sich die Wärmeleitfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit vom Faseranteil. So lässt sich beispielsweise bei einem unidirektionalen Laminataufbau mit 60% Faservolumengehalt und 40% Kunststoffmatrix eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit in Faserrichtung von mehr als 750 W/m*K erzielen.In contrast to metallic materials in which the heat conduction behaves isotropically, the thermal conductivity of the carbon fibers is generally strongly anisotropic and highest in the fiber direction. UHM fibers are made from polyacrylonitrile (50%) or pitch (> 80%) due to the high carbon yield. The high thermal conductivity results from a special graphitization during the manufacturing process at temperatures up to 3000 ° C. As a result, the preorientation of the graphite planes in the direction of the fiber axis is increased, so that a strongly anisotropic material behavior is produced by means of the covalent crystal bonds. As a result, the heat conduction, depending on the degree of anisotropy transverse to the fiber direction max. 17 W / m * K. In combination, the thermal conductivity is reduced depending on the fiber content. For example, in a unidirectional laminate construction with 60% fiber volume content and 40% plastic matrix, a thermal conductivity in the fiber direction of more than 750 W / m * K can be achieved.
Vorteilhaft an der erfindungsgemäßen Extrusionsvorrichtung sowie dem mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Extrusionsvorrichtung durchgeführten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist, dass durch Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannungseinheit in der Extrusionsvorrichtung ein elektrisches Feld induziert wird, an dessen Feldlinien sich die Kohlenstofffasern über den Weg des geringsten Widerstandes definiert ausrichten lassen. Dadurch können die spezifischen Festigkeits- und Steifigkeitseigenschaften gezielt an Stellen der höchsten Krafteinleitung sowie die hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit in Leiterplatinen und die enorme Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Kohlenstofffasern durch eine definierte Orientierung mit hohem Normal-Anteil zur Profilebene oder zur Rohrachse ausgenutzt werden.An advantage of the extrusion apparatus according to the invention and the method according to the invention carried out by the extrusion apparatus according to the invention is that an electric field is induced by applying an electrical voltage unit in the extrusion device, can be aligned defined on the field lines, the carbon fibers over the path of least resistance. This allows the specific Strength and stiffness properties targeted at places of highest force application as well as the high electrical conductivity in printed circuit boards and the enormous thermal conductivity of carbon fibers are exploited by a defined orientation with a high normal content to the profile plane or tube axis.
Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist, dass mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Extrusionsvorrichtung die im Stand der Technik bekannten Extrusionsanlagen auf einfache Weise verbessert werden können.It is furthermore advantageous that by means of the extrusion device according to the invention, the extrusion systems known in the prior art can be improved in a simple manner.
Außerdem vorteilhaft ist, dass die mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Extrusionsvorrichtung sowie mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hergestellten kohlefaserverstärkten rohrförmigen Kunststoffhalbzeuge in einem breiten Anwendungsbereich einsetzbar sind. Mögliche Anwendungsbereiche sind das verarbeitende Gewerbe und die Schwerindustrie, beispielsweise Maschinenbau, Kraftwerkstechnik, Thermotechnik, Kraftfahrzeugtechnik, Elektrotechnik, chemische Erzeugnisse). Insbesondere im Bereich der Thermotechnik kann die gezielte Orientierung von hochwärmeleitfähigen Kohlenstofffasern für effiziente Wärmerückgewinnungs- und Kühlsysteme angewendet werden, die aufgrund des dritten EU-Kernziels „Klimawandel und nachhaltige Energiewirtschaft“ für die Jahre 2020 und 2030 stark nachgefragt sind.It is also advantageous that the carbon fiber reinforced tubular semi-finished plastics produced by means of the extrusion apparatus according to the invention and by means of the method according to the invention can be used in a wide range of applications. Possible areas of application include the manufacturing industry and heavy industry, for example mechanical engineering, power plant technology, thermotechnology, automotive engineering, electrical engineering, chemical products). Particularly in the field of thermotechnology, the targeted orientation of highly heat-conductive carbon fibers can be used for efficient heat recovery and cooling systems, which are in high demand for the years 2020 and 2030 due to the third EU core target "Climate change and sustainable energy management".
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird mit den beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:
-
1 eine Längsschnittansicht einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Extrusionsvorrichtung; -
2 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Teilschnitts durch dieAusführungsform der 1 ; -
3 eine Längsschnittansicht einer Extrusionsvorrichtung; -
4 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Teilschnitts eines CFK-Rohres; -
5 eine perspektivische Darstellung durch dieAusführungsform der 4 ; und -
6 die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Kohlenstofffasern, Kunststoffen, Keramik und Metallen im Vergleich.
-
1 a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the extrusion device according to the invention; -
2 a perspective view of a partial section through the embodiment of1 ; -
3 a longitudinal sectional view of an extrusion device; -
4 a perspective view of a partial section of a CFRP pipe; -
5 a perspective view of the embodiment of the4 ; and -
6 the thermal conductivity of carbon fibers, plastics, ceramics and metals in comparison.
Nachfolgend wird nun die Erfindung im Einzelnen und anhand der beigefügten Figuren beschrieben.The invention will now be described in detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Im Innenraum des Gehäuses
Mittels des Verdrängungsdorns
Die Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes
Des Weiteren weist das Gehäuse
Weiterhin ist in dem Gehäuse
In
Mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Extrusionsvorrichtung oder dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann somit ein hoch effizientes und chemisch beständiges Rohrwärmeübertragungssystem aus dünnwandigen (t = < 1,5 mm), hoch wärmeleitfähigen CFK-Rohren, durch die gezielte Ausnutzung der hohen anisotropen Wärmeleitung von UHM-Kohlenstofffasern (p = 2,2 g/cm3; λ = 1200 W/m*K), erzielt werden. Durch eine spezielle Orientierung der Fasern mit hohem Normalen-Anteil zur Rohrachse wird die enorme Wärmleitfähigkeit des Kohlenstofffaser-Verstärkten-Kunststoffes (p = 2,0 g/cm3, λ = 750 W/m*K) in Faserrichtung ausgenutzt und eine hohe Festigkeit sowie Steifigkeit der Rohre erzielt. Dadurch kann die Wärmeübertragungsfläche reduziert werden. Hieraus folgt eine beträchtliche Verringerung der Fertigungszeit und der Fertigungskosten. Zudem ermöglicht die Anwendung der UHM-Fasern aufgrund ihres negativen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten (< -0,1*10-6/K) eine Minimierung der thermischen Rohrausdehnung, wodurch aufwändige Dehnungsabsorptionssysteme substituiert und die Gefahr von Rohrausknickungen und Leckage deutlich gemindert werden können. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich eine enorme Senkung des Systemgewichtes sowie eine beträchtliche Beständigkeit gegenüber chemischen und medialen Belastungen durch den Einsatz einer thermoplastischen Matrix. Hierzu werden Kunststoffe auf Basis von Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) als Matrixgrundwerkstoff berücksichtigt, die hinsichtlich der thermischen und chemischen Eigenschaften, bereits seit einigen Jahren für die Herstellung von Rohrwärmeübertragern im Einsatz sind.By means of the extrusion apparatus according to the invention or the method according to the invention can thus be a highly efficient and chemically resistant tube heat transfer system of thin-walled (t = <1.5 mm), highly thermally conductive CFRP pipes, through the targeted use of high anisotropic heat conduction of UHM carbon fibers (p = 2.2 g / cm 3 ; λ = 1200 W / m * K). By a special orientation of the fibers with a high normal content to the tube axis, the enormous thermal conductivity of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic (p = 2.0 g / cm 3 , λ = 750 W / m * K) in the fiber direction and high strength is utilized and stiffness of the tubes achieved. This can reduce the heat transfer area. This results in a considerable reduction in production time and manufacturing costs. In addition, the use of UHM fibers due to their negative coefficient of thermal expansion (<-0.1 * 10 -6 / K) minimizes the thermal expansion of the pipe, which can be substituted costly strain absorption systems and the risk of pipe buckling and leakage can be significantly reduced. In addition, there is a tremendous reduction in system weight as well as a significant resistance to chemical and media stresses through the use of a thermoplastic matrix. For this purpose, plastics based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are taken into account as the matrix base material, which have already been used for the production of tubular heat exchangers in terms of their thermal and chemical properties for several years.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- Gehäusecasing
- 22
- Eingangsbereichentrance area
- 33
- Ausgangsbereichoutput range
- 44
- Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen FeldesDevice for generating an electric field
- 4040
- Elektrodeelectrode
- 4141
- Elektrodeelectrode
- 4242
- Spaltgap
- 55
- Verdrängungsdorndisplacement Dorn
- 66
- Ringspaltannular gap
- 77
- Temperaturgebertemperature sensors
- 88th
- DornhaltewerkzeugDorn holding tool
- 99
- Austrittexit
- 1010
- Verbund-CompoundComposite compound
- 1111
- Stützluftsupport air
- 100100
- Extrusionsvorrichtungextrusion device
- 101101
- Extruderextruder
- 10011001
- Doppelschnecketwin screw
- 10021002
- Trichterfunnel
- 10031003
- Heizelementheating element
- 10041004
- KohlenstofffaserCarbon fiber
- 102102
- Kalibriereinheitcalibration
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (6)
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DE102018102061.9A DE102018102061B3 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2018-01-30 | Extrusion apparatus and method for producing carbon fiber reinforced plastic semi-finished products |
RU2020128580A RU2764179C1 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2019-01-29 | Extrusion apparatus and method for producing plastic workpieces reinforced with carbon fibre |
KR1020207024192A KR102336471B1 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2019-01-29 | Extrusion apparatus and method for manufacturing carbon fiber reinforced plastic semi-finished products |
CN201980011289.8A CN111936291A (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2019-01-29 | Extrusion device and method for producing carbon fiber reinforced plastic semifinished products |
EP19704742.6A EP3746280A1 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2019-01-29 | Extrusion device and method for producing carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic semi-finished products |
PCT/EP2019/052143 WO2019149703A1 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2019-01-29 | Extrusion device and method for producing carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic semi-finished products |
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DE102018102061.9A DE102018102061B3 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2018-01-30 | Extrusion apparatus and method for producing carbon fiber reinforced plastic semi-finished products |
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EP (1) | EP3746280A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102336471B1 (en) |
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WO2021074170A1 (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-22 | Battenfeld-Cincinnati Germany Gmbh | Component for an extrusion line |
WO2022219081A1 (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-20 | TGM Lightweight Solutions GmbH | Structural component and vehicle |
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CN114164557B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-07-25 | 湖南东映特碳沥青材料有限公司 | Carbon fiber hard felt and preparation method thereof |
CN115195072A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-10-18 | 山东陆宇塑胶有限公司 | Molding structure is used in production of polypropylene seamless pipe |
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