DE102017215039A1 - Power module and method for producing such a power module - Google Patents
Power module and method for producing such a power module Download PDFInfo
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- DE102017215039A1 DE102017215039A1 DE102017215039.4A DE102017215039A DE102017215039A1 DE 102017215039 A1 DE102017215039 A1 DE 102017215039A1 DE 102017215039 A DE102017215039 A DE 102017215039A DE 102017215039 A1 DE102017215039 A1 DE 102017215039A1
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Abstract
Das Leistungsmodul weist ein Halbleiterbauelement und einen elektrischen Leiter auf. Der elektrische Leiter ist mittels eines Kontakts elektrisch an den Halbleiterchip kontaktiert, wobei sich der elektrische Leiter zumindest in einer Umgebung des Kontakts derart von diesem fortstreckt, dass er sich mit zunehmendem Abstand von dem Kontakt zunehmend vom Halbleiterbauelement beabstandet, wobei eine Isolierung vorhanden ist, an welcher der Leiter an seiner dem Halbleiterbauelement abgewandten Seite anliegt. The power module comprises a semiconductor device and an electrical conductor. The electrical conductor is electrically contacted to the semiconductor chip by means of a contact, wherein the electrical conductor extends at least in an environment of the contact of the latter in such a way that it becomes increasingly spaced from the semiconductor component with increasing distance from the contact, wherein insulation is present which the conductor bears against its side facing away from the semiconductor component.
Description
In der Leistungselektronik werden Halbleiterbauelemente wie Halbleiterchips, insbesondere IGBTs, MOSFETs oder Dioden, oder sonstige Bauelemente, wie insbesondere Widerstände oder Kondensatoren, eingesetzt, um Ströme oder Spannungen zu schalten.In power electronics semiconductor components such as semiconductor chips, in particular IGBTs, MOSFETs or diodes, or other components, such as in particular resistors or capacitors, used to switch currents or voltages.
Dazu sind Halbleiterbauelemente mit elektrischen Zu- und Ableitungen kontaktiert, um ein Leistungsmodul oder eine leistungselektronische Schaltung zu realisieren. Besondere Bedeutung kommt dabei der Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik zu, mittels welcher sich planare Kontaktierungen, das heißt ganzflächige oder vollflächige Leiterbahnkontaktierungen, realisieren lassen. Insbesondere ist es bekannt, Leiterbahnen galvanisch, das heißt mittels Galvanisierens, an Halbleiterbauelemente zu fertigen. Dazu wird regelmäßig ein auf das Halbleiterbauelement aufgebrachtes Isolationsmaterial mittels eines Laserprozesses geöffnet, nachfolgend, etwa mittels physikalischer Gasphasenabscheidung (engl.: PVD = „Physical Vapor Deposition“), ein Seedlayer aufgebracht und dieser Seedlayer mittels Fototechnik für die Galvanik strukturiert. Dabei wird üblicherweise die Öffnung des Isolationsmaterials beim Laserprozess mittels eines definierten Winkels realisiert. Das heißt, die Öffnung des Isolationsmaterials verläuft sowohl schräg zu einer Flachseite des Halbleiterbauelements als auch schräg zu einer Normalen auf dieser Flachseite des Halbleiterbauelements.For this purpose, semiconductor devices are contacted with electrical feed and discharge lines in order to realize a power module or a power electronic circuit. Of particular importance is the construction and connection technology, by means of which planar contacts, that is to say whole-area or full-area conductor track contacts, can be realized. In particular, it is known to manufacture printed conductors galvanically, that is to say by means of electroplating, on semiconductor components. For this purpose, an insulation material applied to the semiconductor component is regularly opened by means of a laser process, subsequently applied, for example by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD = Physical Vapor Deposition), to a seed layer and this seed layer is structured by means of photographic technology for electroplating. In this case, the opening of the insulation material in the laser process is usually realized by means of a defined angle. That is, the opening of the insulating material extends both obliquely to a flat side of the semiconductor device as well as obliquely to a normal on this flat side of the semiconductor device.
Eine nachfolgend an dieser Öffnung galvanisch gefertigte Leiterbahn verläuft folglich ebenfalls schräg entlang der Öffnung dieses Isolationsmaterials und somit entlang eines Schenkels dieses Winkels.Consequently, a subsequently produced at this opening electrically conductive trace also runs obliquely along the opening of this insulating material and thus along a leg of this angle.
Dies erweist sich insbesondere problematisch bei mechanischen Belastungen, insbesondere etwa durch starke oder häufige Temperaturzyklen, durch große oder häufige Lastwechsel oder ähnliche Einflüsse, da das Isolationsmaterial einen höheren Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, als die typischerweise um- oder anliegenden Materialien, insbesondere Chipmetallisierungen oder Kupfer. Folglich resultieren bei Temperaturwechselns oder Lastwechseln Biegebelastungen, welche bei dem Leistungsmodul zu einer Rissbildung, etwa in einer Chipmetallisierung, führen können. Dieser Umstand senkt die Lebensdauer von Leistungsmodulen drastisch herab.This proves to be particularly problematic with mechanical loads, in particular by strong or frequent temperature cycles, by large or frequent load changes or similar influences, since the insulation material has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the typically surrounding or adjacent materials, in particular chip metallizations or copper. Consequently, bending loads occur in the case of temperature changes or load changes, which can lead to cracking, for example in a chip metallization, in the power module. This circumstance drastically reduces the lifetime of power modules.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein verbessertes Leistungsmodul zu schaffen, welches eine höhere Lebensdauer aufweist. Es ist ferner Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen verbesserten Leistungsmoduls anzugeben.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved power module, which has a longer service life. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for producing such an improved power module.
Diese Aufgabe der Erfindung wird mit einem Leistungsmodul mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen sowie mit einem Verfahren mit den in Anspruch 10 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.This object of the invention is achieved with a power module having the features specified in claim 1 and with a method having the features specified in
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den zugehörigen Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und der Zeichnung angegeben.Preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth in the appended subclaims, the following description and the drawing.
Das erfindungsgemäße Leistungsmodul weist ein Halbleiterbauelement und einen elektrischen Leiter auf, welcher mittels eines Kontakts elektrisch an dem Halbleiterbauelement kontaktiert ist. Dabei erstreckt sich der elektrische Leiter zumindest in einer Umgebung des Kontakts derart von diesem Kontakt fort, dass er sich mit zunehmendem Abstand von dem Kontakt zunehmend vom Halbleiterbauelement beabstandet. Das erfindungsgemäße Leistungsmodul weist dabei eine erste Isolierung auf, an welcher der Leiter an seiner dem Halbleiterbauelement abgewandten Seite anliegt und sich insbesondere an dieser ersten Isolierung abstützt. Infolge der Anlage des Leiters wirkt bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmodul folglich auf den Leiter eine Stützkraft, welche eine Biegekraft aufgrund von Biegebelastungen, die auf den Leiter vom Halbleiterbauelement weg wirken, kompensieren kann, indem diese Stützkraft der Biegekraft entgegen wirkt. Eine vom Halbleiterbauelement fort gerichtete Kraft auf den Leiter wird folglich durch die Anlage des Leiters an dem Isolator auf seiner vom Halbleiterbauelement abgewandten Seite kompensiert, sodass der Leiter einer solchen Kraft nicht nachgeben kann. Auf diese Weise sind bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmodul Biegebelastungen vermindert und folglich sind Rissbildungen oder sonstige die Lebensdauer von Leistungsmodulen herabsetzende Erscheinungen wirksam unterdrückt. Folglich ist die Lebenserwartung des erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmoduls deutlich erhöht.The power module according to the invention has a semiconductor component and an electrical conductor, which is contacted by means of a contact electrically to the semiconductor component. In this case, the electrical conductor extends at least in an environment of the contact away from this contact such that it is increasingly spaced with increasing distance from the contact of the semiconductor device. The power module according to the invention in this case has a first insulation, on which the conductor rests on its side facing away from the semiconductor component and is supported in particular on this first insulation. As a result of the installation of the conductor acts in the power module according to the invention consequently on the head of a supporting force, which can compensate for a bending force due to bending loads acting on the conductor of the semiconductor device, by this supporting force of the bending force counteracts. A directed away from the semiconductor device force on the conductor is thus compensated by the system of the conductor to the insulator on its side facing away from the semiconductor device side, so that the head of such a force can not yield. In this way, bending loads are reduced in the power module according to the invention and consequently cracking or other phenomena that reduce the life of power modules are effectively suppressed. Consequently, the life expectancy of the power module according to the invention is significantly increased.
Vorzugsweise streckt sich der Leiter des erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmoduls zumindest in der Umgebung von dem Kontakt und/oder dem Halbleiterbauelement weg.The conductor of the power module according to the invention preferably extends at least in the vicinity away from the contact and / or the semiconductor component.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmodul liegt zweckmäßig der Leiter an seiner dem Halbleiterbauelement zugewandten Seite an einer zweiten Isolierung des Leistungsmoduls an und stützt sich zweckmäßig an dieser ab. Auf diese Weise ist der Leiter sowohl an seiner dem Halbleiterbauelement zugewandten Seite als auch an seiner vom Halbleiterbauelement abgewandten Seite gestützt und gewissermaßen gekapselt. Auf diese Weise sind Biegebelastungen des Leiters besonders wirksam reduziert.In the case of the power module according to the invention, the conductor expediently rests against a second insulation of the power module on its side facing the semiconductor component and expediently rests thereon. In this way, the conductor is supported both on its side facing the semiconductor device side and on its side facing away from the semiconductor device side and effectively encapsulated. In this way, bending loads of the conductor are particularly effectively reduced.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung stützt oder stützen sich erste und/oder zweite Isolierung an die jeweils andere der ersten und zweiten Isolierung und/oder an dem Leistungshalbleiter und/oder an einem Substrat und/oder an einem am Kontakt angeordneten Teil des Leiters ab. Auf diese Weise können Fixpunkte des Leistungsmoduls genutzt werden, an welchen sich die erste und/oder zweite Isolierung und somit im Ergebnis auch der Leiter zumindest in der Umgebung des Kontakts wirksam abstützen kann/können.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first and / or supports or support second insulation to the respective other of the first and second insulation and / or to the power semiconductor and / or to a substrate and / or arranged on a contact part of the conductor from. In this way, fixed points of the power module can be used, at which the first and / or second insulation and thus, as a result, also the conductor can support effectively at least in the vicinity of the contact / can.
Geeigneterweise sind bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmodul die erste Isolierung mit einem ersten Isoliermaterial gebildet und die zweite Isolierung mit einem, insbesondere vom ersten verschiedenen, zweiten Isoliermaterial gebildet. Auf diese Weise lassen sich weitere Parameter der Isoliermaterialen unabhängig einstellen, so dass sich die Biegebelastung des Leiters, etwa infolge von Wärmebelastung im Betrieb des Leistungsmoduls, zusätzlich reduzieren lässt.Conveniently, in the power module according to the invention, the first insulation is formed with a first insulating material and the second insulation is formed with a, in particular different from the first, second insulating material. In this way, further parameters of the insulating materials can be set independently, so that the bending load of the conductor, for example due to heat load during operation of the power module, can be additionally reduced.
Geeigneterweise ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmodul der Leiter eine Leiterbahn und/oder ein Leiterblech. Gerade Leiterbahnen und/oder Leiterbleche finden bei sogenannten planaren Aufbau- und Verbindungstechniken verbreitet Einsatz.Suitably, in the power module according to the invention, the conductor is a conductor track and / or a conductor plate. Straight strip conductors and / or conductor plates are widely used in so-called planar construction and connection techniques.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmoduls ist das Halbleiterbauelement mittels einer Flachseite an den Leiter angebunden und der Kontakt ist oder bildet eine Kontaktfläche, wobei sich die Kontaktfläche entlang der Flachseite erstreckt.In an advantageous development of the power module according to the invention, the semiconductor component is connected to the conductor by means of a flat side and the contact is or forms a contact surface, the contact surface extending along the flat side.
Zweckmäßig erstreckt sich bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmodul der Leiter, insbesondere außerhalb oder fern der Umgebung, an einer quer, insbesondere senkrecht, zur Kontaktfläche verlaufenden Seite des Halbleiterbauelements entlang.Expediently, in the case of the power module according to the invention, the conductor, in particular outside or in the vicinity of the surroundings, extends along a side of the semiconductor component which extends transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the contact surface.
Besonders bevorzugt ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmodul das erste und/oder das zweite Isoliermaterial mit einer Glasübergangstemperatur gebildet, welche mindestens 110°C, vorzugsweise mindestens 130°C und idealerweise mindestens 150°C beträgt und/oder höher als die Betriebstemperatur des Halbleiterbauelements, vorzugsweise mindestens 15°C und idealerweise 30°C höher als die Betriebstemperatur des Halbleiterbauelements, ist. Auf diese Weise ist/sind die erste und/oder die zweite Isolierung auch bei Wärmeentwicklung im Betrieb des erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmoduls hinreichend starr, sodass die Wärmeentwicklung die Lebensdauer des erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmoduls nicht übermäßig reduziert. Particularly preferably, in the power module according to the invention the first and / or the second insulating material is formed with a glass transition temperature which is at least 110 ° C, preferably at least 130 ° C and ideally at least 150 ° C and / or higher than the operating temperature of the semiconductor device, preferably at least 15 ° C and ideally 30 ° C higher than the operating temperature of the semiconductor device is. In this way, the first and / or the second insulation is / are sufficiently rigid even during heat development during operation of the power module according to the invention, so that the heat development does not excessively reduce the lifetime of the power module according to the invention.
Geeigneterweise ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmodul das erste und/oder zweite Isoliermaterial mit einem Thermoplast, insbesondere mit einem Polyimid und/oder einem Polyamid und/oder PEEK und/oder einem Duroplast, insbesondere einem Epoxidharz und/oder PPBO, und/oder zumindest einem Siloxan und/oder zumindest einer Keramik und/oder einer Kombination mit einem oder mehreren dieser Materialien gebildet.Suitably, in the power module according to the invention, the first and / or second insulating material with a thermoplastic, in particular with a polyimide and / or a polyamide and / or PEEK and / or a thermoset, in particular an epoxy resin and / or PPBO, and / or at least one siloxane and / or at least one ceramic and / or a combination with one or more of these materials.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Leistungsmoduls wie vorhergehend beschrieben zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Leiter mittels thermischen Metallspritzens, insbesondere Coldspray und/oder Plasmaspritzens und/oder Detonationsspritzens, und/oder mittels Aerosoldeposition und/oder Galvanisierens, insbesondere mit nachfolgendem Ätzen, und/oder Sinterns und/oder Klebens und/oder Lötens und/oder Diffusionslötens, insbesondere von abgeschrägten Metallplättchen, gefertigt wird.The inventive method for producing such a power module as described above is characterized in that the conductor by means of thermal metal spraying, in particular cold spray and / or plasma spraying and / or detonation spraying, and / or by aerosol deposition and / or galvanizing, in particular with subsequent etching, and / or sintering and / or gluing and / or brazing and / or diffusion brazing, in particular of beveled metal flakes.
Zweckmäßig wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zumindest die erste und vorzugsweise auch die zweite Isolierung, insbesondere das erste und vorzugsweise auch das zweite Isoliermaterial, mittels Jettens, insbesondere Ink-Jettens, und/oder Dispensens und/oder Laminierens und/oder Tauchens und/oder Sprühens gebildet.In the method according to the invention, it is expedient to use at least the first and preferably also the second insulation, in particular the first and preferably also the second insulating material, by jetting, in particular ink jetting, and / or dispensing and / or laminating and / or dipping and / or spraying educated.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand in der Zeichnung dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing.
Es zeigen:
-
1 ein bekanntes Leistungsmodul mit einem Halbleiterbauteil und einer galvanisch angebunden Leiterbahn schematisch im Querschnitt, -
2 eine Einzelheit des Leistungsmoduls gemäß1 schematisch im Querschnitt, -
3 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmoduls schematisch im Querschnitt sowie -
4 das erfindungsgemäße Leistungsmodul gem.3 schematisch in einer Draufsicht.
-
1 a known power module with a semiconductor device and a galvanically connected trace schematically in cross section, -
2 a detail of the power module according to1 schematically in cross-section, -
3 an embodiment of a power module according to the invention schematically in cross section and -
4 the power module according to the invention.3 schematically in a plan view.
Das in
An der Flachseite
An seiner dem Schaltungsträger
Der Halbleiterchip
In die Öffnung der Isolierschicht
Folglich streckt sich auch die Leiterbahn
In einem weiteren, nicht eigens dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel, welches im Übrigen dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel entspricht, wird die Leiterbahn
Die Isolierschicht
Zur Vermeidung dieser Biegebelastungen ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Leistungsmodul (
Diese weitere Isolierschicht
Ferner stützt die weitere Isolierschicht
Die weitere Isolierschicht
Die weitere Isolierschicht
Die weitere Isolierschicht
Die weitere Isolierschicht
Die weitere Isolierschicht
Wie in
Claims (11)
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DE102017215039.4A DE102017215039A1 (en) | 2017-08-29 | 2017-08-29 | Power module and method for producing such a power module |
PCT/EP2018/073176 WO2019043028A1 (en) | 2017-08-29 | 2018-08-29 | Power module and method for producing such a power module |
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Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5637922A (en) * | 1994-02-07 | 1997-06-10 | General Electric Company | Wireless radio frequency power semiconductor devices using high density interconnect |
DE102008045338A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-04-02 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Semiconductor device |
DE102008048423A1 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2009-05-20 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Integrated circuit component |
DE102008017454A1 (en) * | 2008-04-05 | 2009-12-31 | Semikron Elektronik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Power semiconductor module with hermetically sealed circuit arrangement and manufacturing method for this purpose |
DE112010003891T5 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-11-15 | Arkansas Power Electronics International, Inc. | Semiconductor component and method for producing the semiconductor device |
DE102015218842A1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-03-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for contacting a contact surface of a semiconductor device and electronic module |
Family Cites Families (2)
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EP1430524A2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2004-06-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for contacting electrical contact surfaces of a substrate and device consisting of a substrate having electrical contact surfaces |
DE102012216086B4 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2017-01-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Power electronics module |
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2017
- 2017-08-29 DE DE102017215039.4A patent/DE102017215039A1/en active Pending
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2018
- 2018-08-29 WO PCT/EP2018/073176 patent/WO2019043028A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5637922A (en) * | 1994-02-07 | 1997-06-10 | General Electric Company | Wireless radio frequency power semiconductor devices using high density interconnect |
DE102008045338A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-04-02 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Semiconductor device |
DE102008048423A1 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2009-05-20 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Integrated circuit component |
DE102008017454A1 (en) * | 2008-04-05 | 2009-12-31 | Semikron Elektronik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Power semiconductor module with hermetically sealed circuit arrangement and manufacturing method for this purpose |
DE112010003891T5 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-11-15 | Arkansas Power Electronics International, Inc. | Semiconductor component and method for producing the semiconductor device |
DE102015218842A1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-03-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for contacting a contact surface of a semiconductor device and electronic module |
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