DE102017205797A1 - Green body production through an additive manufacturing process - Google Patents

Green body production through an additive manufacturing process Download PDF

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DE102017205797A1
DE102017205797A1 DE102017205797.1A DE102017205797A DE102017205797A1 DE 102017205797 A1 DE102017205797 A1 DE 102017205797A1 DE 102017205797 A DE102017205797 A DE 102017205797A DE 102017205797 A1 DE102017205797 A1 DE 102017205797A1
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powder
green body
binder
layers
bed
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Sebastian Piegert
David Rule
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/14—Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/20—Cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
    • C04B2235/6026—Computer aided shaping, e.g. rapid prototyping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

Durch die Verwendung einer Anlage zur additiven Fertigung, bei dem die Pulver anstatt selektiv verdichtet selektiv miteinander durch einen Binder verbunden werden, können beliebige und passgenaue Geometrien für einen Grünkörper hergestellt werden.

Figure DE102017205797A1_0000
By using an additive manufacturing plant in which the powders are selectively interconnected by a binder rather than selectively densified, any desired and exact geometries for a green body can be made.
Figure DE102017205797A1_0000

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein bekanntes Herstellungsverfahren zur additiven Fertigung, das zur Herstellung eines Grünkörpers verwendet wird.The invention relates to a known manufacturing method for additive manufacturing, which is used to produce a green body.

Additive Herstellungsverfahren (AM) wie das Selektive Pulverbettsintern oder -schweißen sind bekannt, bei denen schichtweise eine Pulverschicht aufgetragen wird und durch einen Laser oder sonstigen energiereichen Strahl lokal und selektiv verdichtet werden und der Prozess wiederholt wird, bis das fertige Bauteil erzielt wird.Additive manufacturing processes (AM) such as selective powder bed sintering or welding are known in which a powder layer is applied in layers and locally and selectively compacted by a laser or other high-energy beam and the process is repeated until the finished component is achieved.

Grünkörper aus Pulver mit bestimmten geometrischen Formen werden oft durch einen Schlicker hergestellt, der ein Pulver, eine Flüssigkeit und einen Binder enthält und man nach dem Trocknen der Flüssigkeit einen Grünkörper erhält, der durch einen Binder zusammengehalten wird, indem die einzelnen Pulverkörner durch Binder miteinander verbunden sind. Solch ein Grünkörper wird dann anschließend entbindert und gesintert, um einen festen massiven Körper zu erzielen.Green bodies of powder with certain geometrical shapes are often made by a slurry containing a powder, a liquid and a binder and, after drying the liquid, to obtain a green body which is held together by a binder by bonding the individual powder grains together by binders are. Such a green body is then subsequently debinded and sintered to achieve a solid solid body.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren aufzuzeigen, mit dem kompliziertere und passgenauere Grünkörper hergestellt werden können.It is an object of the invention to provide a method by which more complex and more accurate green body can be produced.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1.The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 ,

In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahmen aufgelistet, die beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden können, um weitere Vorteile zu erzielen.In the dependent claims further advantageous measures are listed, which can be combined with each other in order to achieve further advantages.

Viele Geometrien für Reparatur-Anwendungen verlangen das Ausfüllen von Material bzw. Coupons in anspruchsvolle komplexe Geometrien durch komplexe Formen, die schwer zu befestigen oder teuer sind, um den Coupon oder Füller zu produzieren. Many geometries for repair applications require filling material or coupons into challenging complex geometries through complex shapes that are difficult to attach or expensive to produce the coupon or filler.

Dieses Problem wurde bisher durch die Verwendung von teureren Coupons unter Verwendung verschiedener Verbindungsverfahren gelöst, wobei Formen mit niedrigerer Komplexität herkömmlicherweise hergestellt wurden.This problem has previously been solved by the use of more expensive coupons using various bonding methods, with lower complexity shapes conventionally made.

Die Erfindung beinhaltet die Verwendung eines Verfahrens, das als Binderjetdruck bezeichnet werden kann. Dieses Verfahren ist ein Pulverbettverfahren, bei dem ein Bindemittelstrahlkopf ein Bindemittel auf einer Pulverbettschicht ablagert und dann am Ende ausgehärtet wird. Diese Methode ermöglicht die Schaffung von Grünkörpern mit 3D-Geometrien von geklebten Pulvern. Dieser Grünkörper kann dann zu einem dichteren Stück gesintert werden. Das Bindemittel und Material dieses Grünkörpers können gezielt ausgewählt werden.The invention involves the use of a method that may be referred to as binder jet printing. This process is a powder bed process in which a binder jet head deposits a binder on a powder bed layer and then cures at the end. This method allows the creation of green bodies with 3D geometries of glued powders. This green body can then be sintered to a denser piece. The binder and material of this green body can be selected specifically.

Die vorliegende Erfindung verwendet ein Binder-Strahldrucken von Hartpulvern und ein normales Bindemittel, um Vorformen für Wartungsreparaturen oder um einen vorgesinterten Verbindungsfüllstoff herzustellen. Die Möglichkeit, benutzerdefinierte Bindemittel zu verwenden, würde andere zusätzliche Fähigkeiten für den resultierenden Körper ermöglichen. Andere Fälle könnten ein Bindemittel umfassen, das als eine Art Klebstoff oder Klebeband für die Befestigung an der Komponente wirken könnte.The present invention utilizes binder jet printing of hard powders and a normal binder to prepare preforms for service repairs or pre-sintered joint filler. The ability to use custom binders would allow other additional capabilities for the resulting body. Other cases could include a binder that could act as a type of adhesive or tape for attachment to the component.

Die Neuheit ist die Schaffung von Komplexitätsformen für Grünkörper insbesondere für Coupons und Hartlötvorformlinge in schneller und flexibler Weise.The novelty is the creation of green body complexity shapes especially for coupons and brazing preforms in a fast and flexible manner.

Die 1 zeigt die schematische Vorgehensweise und 2 einen komplexen Grünkörper.The 1 shows the schematic procedure and 2 a complex green body.

Das Pulver wird schichtweise in einem Pulverbett 7 einer Anlage 10 aufgetragen. Jedoch wird durch einen Bearbeitungskopf/Düse 13 kein Laserstrahl ausgesendet, sondern ein Binder 16 selektiv dort aufgetragen, der dem Querschnitt des herzustellenden Grünkörpers 4 (2) in der entsprechenden Pulverschicht entspricht.The powder is layered in a powder bed 7 a plant 10 applied. However, through a machining head / nozzle 13 no laser beam emitted, but a binder 16 selectively applied there, the cross section of the green body to be produced 4 ( 2 ) in the corresponding powder layer.

Dies wird schichtweise durchgeführt, so dass am Ende aus dem Pulverbett 7 ein Grünkörper 4 entnommen werden kann, der sowohl äußere als auch innere komplexe Geometrien aufweisen kann, die mit normalen Formgebungsverfahren nicht erzielt werden können.This is done in layers, leaving the powder bed at the end 7 a green body 4 can be taken, which can have both outer and inner complex geometries that can not be achieved with normal molding processes.

Als letzten Bearbeitungsschritt wird dieser vollständige Grünkörper 4 in seiner Endgeometrie gereinigt, entbindert, gesintert und/oder sonst wie weiter verwendet.As a final processing step, this complete green body 4 cleaned, debinded, sintered and / or otherwise used in its final geometry.

Insbesondere ist der Grünkörper 4 aus Metall und/oder Keramik oder weist Mischungen auf, wie z. B. bei PSP-Elementen, vorgesinterten Mischungen aus einem metallischen Grundwerkstoff, wie Nickelbasis, und einem Lotwerkstoff.In particular, the green body 4 made of metal and / or ceramic or has mixtures such. As in PSP elements, pre-sintered mixtures of a metallic base material, such as nickel-based, and a solder material.

Ansonsten entspricht die Anlage 10 bekannten AM-Anlagen.Otherwise corresponds to the plant 10 known AM systems.

Claims (5)

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Grünkörpers (4) aus Pulver (7), bei dem schichtweise eine Pulverschicht in einem Pulverbett (10) erzeugt oder aufgetragen wird und mittels zumindest einer Düse (13) selektiv Binder (16) auf die Pulverschicht aufgebracht oder aufgesprüht wird, und Erzeugung von weiteren Pulverschichten und die selektive Aufbringung von Binder (16) und Pulverschichten so oft wiederholt wird, bis eine gewünschte vollständige Geometrie des Grünkörpers (4) erzielt ist, Herausnahme des durch den Binder gebildeten Grünkörpers (4) aus dem Pulverbett (7) und Entfernen von Pulverresten und Weiterverarbeitung, insbesondere entbindern und/oder Sintern des vollständigen Grünkörpers (4).Method for producing a green body (4) from powder (7), in which a powder layer is produced or applied in layers in a powder bed (10) and by means of at least one nozzle (13) selective binder (16) is applied or sprayed onto the powder layer, and production of further powder layers and the selective application of binder (16) and powder layers is repeated as often, until a desired complete geometry of the green body (4) is achieved, removal of the green body (4) formed by the binder from the powder bed (7) and removal of powder residues and further processing, in particular debinding and / or sintering of the complete green body (4). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem ein keramisches Pulver im Pulverbett (7) verwendet wird.Method according to Claim 1 in which a ceramic powder is used in the powder bed (7). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem ein metallisches Pulver verwendet wird.Method according to Claim 1 or 2 in which a metallic powder is used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, bei dem eine Pulvermischung verwendet wird, insbesondere aus einem metallischen Pulver und einem metallischen Lotmaterial, wobei Lotmaterial bedeutet, dass dieses einen mindestens 10K, insbesondere mindestens 20K, niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt aufweist und insbesondere zur Herstellung von vorgesinterten Elementen.Method according to Claim 1 or 3 in which a powder mixture is used, in particular of a metallic powder and a metallic solder material, wherein solder material means that this has a melting point of at least 10K, in particular at least 20K, and in particular for the production of presintered elements. Vorrichtung (10), insbesondere zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4, das aufweist: ein Pulverbett (7), das schichtweise erhöht werden kann, zumindest eine Düse (13), die Binder (16) auf eine Pulverschicht des Pulverbetts (7) ausströmen lassen kann.Device (10), in particular for carrying out the method according to Claim 1 . 2 . 3 or 4 comprising: a powder bed (7) which can be increased in layers, at least one nozzle (13) capable of flowing binder (16) onto a powder layer of the powder bed (7).
DE102017205797.1A 2017-04-05 2017-04-05 Green body production through an additive manufacturing process Withdrawn DE102017205797A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0431924A2 (en) * 1989-12-08 1991-06-12 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Three-dimensional printing techniques
DE10317473B3 (en) * 2003-04-16 2005-02-03 Daimlerchrysler Ag Ceramic molds for metal casting and their production process
WO2012164078A2 (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-06 Bam Bundesanstalt Für Materialforschung Und- Prüfung Method for producing a moulded body and device
WO2015168463A1 (en) * 2014-05-02 2015-11-05 University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. Methods for fabricating dental restorations
US20160332373A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2016-11-17 The Exone Company Methods and Systems for Three-Dimensional Printing Utilizing Multiple Binder Fluids

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0431924A2 (en) * 1989-12-08 1991-06-12 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Three-dimensional printing techniques
DE10317473B3 (en) * 2003-04-16 2005-02-03 Daimlerchrysler Ag Ceramic molds for metal casting and their production process
WO2012164078A2 (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-06 Bam Bundesanstalt Für Materialforschung Und- Prüfung Method for producing a moulded body and device
US20160332373A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2016-11-17 The Exone Company Methods and Systems for Three-Dimensional Printing Utilizing Multiple Binder Fluids
WO2015168463A1 (en) * 2014-05-02 2015-11-05 University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. Methods for fabricating dental restorations

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