DE102016225874A1 - Process for coating fibers for fiber-reinforced materials - Google Patents

Process for coating fibers for fiber-reinforced materials Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102016225874A1
DE102016225874A1 DE102016225874.5A DE102016225874A DE102016225874A1 DE 102016225874 A1 DE102016225874 A1 DE 102016225874A1 DE 102016225874 A DE102016225874 A DE 102016225874A DE 102016225874 A1 DE102016225874 A1 DE 102016225874A1
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fibers
coating
fiber
coating material
materials
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DE102016225874.5A
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German (de)
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Benedikt Albert
Siegfried Sikorski
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62886—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents by wet chemical techniques
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    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
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    • B05D2256/00—Wires or fibres
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Abstract

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Fasern, die zur Verstärkung von Werkstoffen, insbesondere Keramik - Werkstoffen, eingesetzt werden, wobei die Fasern mit mindestens einem flüssigen und/oder pulverförmigen Beschichtungsstoff (6) beschichtet werden und wobei der Auftrag des Beschichtungsstoffes durch Spritzen des mindestens einen Beschichtungsstoffes durch mindestens eine Düsenanordnung (5) erfolgt.The present invention relates to a process for coating fibers which are used to reinforce materials, in particular ceramic materials, wherein the fibers are coated with at least one liquid and / or powdered coating material (6) and wherein the application of the coating material by spraying the at least one coating material is carried out by at least one nozzle arrangement (5).

Description

HINTERGRUND DER ERFINDUNGBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Fasern, die zur Verstärkung von Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden bzw. ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Bauteils, insbesondere einer faserverstärkten Keramik.The present invention relates to a method for coating fibers used for reinforcing materials or to a method for producing a fiber-reinforced component, in particular a fiber-reinforced ceramic.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Faserverstärkte Werkstoffe sind im Stand der Technik bereits für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen bekannt. Um die gewünschten Eigenschaften der faserverstärkten Werkstoffe zu erzielen, ist es erforderlich, dass die Fasern so in der Matrix eingebunden sind, dass eine ausreichende Anbindung zur Matrix gegeben ist. Hierzu werden Fasern, um die Anbindung an die Matrix zu verbessern mit einem geeigneten Beschichtungsstoff beschichtet.Fiber reinforced materials are already known in the art for a variety of applications. In order to achieve the desired properties of the fiber-reinforced materials, it is necessary that the fibers are embedded in the matrix in such a way that there is sufficient bonding to the matrix. For this purpose, fibers are coated with a suitable coating material in order to improve the connection to the matrix.

Ein weiterer Grund für die Beschichtung von Fasern, die in faserverstärkten Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden sollen, kann darin bestehen, dass die Fasern bei der Herstellung des Faserverbundwerkstoffs geschützt werden sollen, um die gewünschten Eigenschaften des Faserwerkstoffs zu erhalten.Another reason for coating fibers to be used in fiber-reinforced materials may be that the fibers should be protected in the manufacture of the fiber composite to obtain the desired properties of the fiber material.

Beispielsweise ist es bei faserverstärkten Keramiken (ceramic matrix composits CMC) bekannten, Fasern, die in der Keramikmatrix vorgesehen werden sollen, mit pyrolytisch hergestelltem Kohlenstoff, sogenanntem Pyrokohlenstoff zu beschichten. Dies wird beispielsweise durch chemische Dampfphasenabschneidung (chemical vapor deposition CVD) durchgeführt. Derartige CVD - Verfahren sind jedoch langsam und aufwändig und somit teuer, wobei insbesondere bei der Abscheidung von mehreren Schichten und/oder Schichten mit Gradienten in der chemischen Zusammensetzung (Gradientenschichten) der Aufwand sehr hoch ist.For example, in ceramic matrix composites (CMC) known to coat fibers to be provided in the ceramic matrix with pyrolytically produced carbon, so-called pyrocarbon. This is done, for example, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). However, such CVD methods are slow and time-consuming and thus expensive, with the effort being very high, especially in the deposition of several layers and / or layers with gradients in the chemical composition (gradient layers).

OFFENBARUNG DER ERFINDUNGDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

AUFGABE DER ERFINDUNGOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Fasern, die zur Verstärkung von Werkstoffen, insbesondere Keramik - Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden können, anzugeben, welches einfach und effizient durchführbar ist.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for coating fibers which can be used for reinforcing materials, in particular ceramic materials, which can be carried out simply and efficiently.

TECHNISCHE LÖSUNGTECHNICAL SOLUTION

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Werkstoffs mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 13. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a method for producing a fiber-reinforced material having the features of claim 13. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung schlägt vor, zur Beschichtung von Fasern, die zur Verstärkung von Werkstoffen, insbesondere von Keramik - Werkstoffen eingesetzt werden sollen, eine Beschichtung mit mindestens einer Schicht in der Weise abzuscheiden, dass mindestens ein flüssiger und/oder pulverförmiger Beschichtungsstoff durch Spritzen mithilfe einer Düsenanordnung auf der Faser bzw. dem zukünftigen Faserkern einer fertig beschichteten Faser aufgebracht wird. Das Spritzen kann beispielsweise durch einen Druckkopf mit mindestens einer, vorzugsweise mehreren Spritzdüsen gemäß dem Multi Jet Modeling erfolgen, wobei das Verfahren vergleichbar dem Tintenstrahldrucken ist. Damit lässt sich in einfacher Weise unterschiedlichstes Beschichtungsmaterial auf Fasern abscheiden, da das Verfahren sehr variable für unterschiedlichste Materialien einsetzbar ist. Insbesondere lassen sich bezüglich der Geometrie der Abscheidung vielfältige Varianten realisieren, insbesondere wenn der Druckkopf während des Spritzens des Beschichtungsmaterials bewegt werden kann.The invention proposes depositing a coating with at least one layer in such a way that at least one liquid and / or pulverulent coating material is produced by spraying with the aid of a nozzle arrangement for coating fibers which are to be used for reinforcing materials, in particular ceramic materials is applied to the fiber or the future fiber core of a finished coated fiber. The spraying may, for example, be carried out by a printhead having at least one, preferably a plurality of spray nozzles in accordance with multi-jet modeling, the method being comparable to inkjet printing. This makes it possible in a simple manner to deposit a very wide variety of coating material onto fibers, since the method can be used very variably for a very wide variety of materials. In particular, various variants can be realized with regard to the geometry of the deposition, in particular if the print head can be moved during the spraying of the coating material.

Da mehrere Düsenanordnungen verwendet werden können, können auch gleichzeitig mehrere unterschiedliche Beschichtungsstoffe abgeschieden werden. Darüber hinaus lässt sich durch mehrere Düsenanordnungen bzw. mehrere Druckköpfe auch die Geometrie der Abscheidung vielfältig gestalten. Durch aufeinanderfolgendes Abscheiden mehrerer unterschiedlicher Beschichtungsstoffe können mehrere Lagen von Beschichtungen aufgebracht werden und es können auch Schichten mit Gradienten in der chemischen Zusammensetzung abgeschieden werden, sogenannte Gradientenschichten.Since several nozzle arrangements can be used, several different coating materials can also be deposited simultaneously. In addition, the geometry of the deposition can be varied by a plurality of nozzle arrangements or multiple print heads. By successively depositing a plurality of different coating materials, a plurality of layers of coatings can be applied, and also layers with gradients in the chemical composition can be deposited, so-called gradient layers.

Als Beschichtungsstoffe können vorzugsweise Nanopulver oder Suspensionen, insbesondere mit Nanopulvern, sowie Emulsionen eingesetzt werden. Unter Nanopulver sind Pulver zu verstehen, deren Pulverpartikel eine maximale oder durchschnittliche Partikelgröße unter 1 µm, insbesondere unter 500 nm, vorzugsweise unter 100 nm aufweisen. Selbstverständlich sind auch sonstige Flüssigkeiten oder pulverförmige Stoffe für die Abscheidung durch das Spritzen mit einer Düsenanordnung geeignet. Damit ist es möglich, eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Beschichtungsstoffen aufzubringen und es steht eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Beschichtungsstoffen für die Beschichtung von Fasern zur Verfügung.As coating materials it is possible to use nanopowders or suspensions, in particular with nanopowders, as well as emulsions. Nanopowders are powders whose powder particles have a maximum or average particle size of less than 1 μm, in particular less than 500 nm, preferably less than 100 nm. Of course, other liquids or powdery substances for the deposition by spraying with a nozzle assembly are suitable. Thus, it is possible to apply a variety of different coating materials and there are a variety of different coating materials for coating fibers available.

Wie bereits oben erwähnt, können mehrere Beschichtungsstoffe gleichzeitig und/oder nacheinander aufgebracht werden, sodass Stoffgemische und/oder mehrere Schichten bzw. Gradientenschichten entstehen können. Zusätzlich ist es möglich, Beschichtungsstoffe zu wählen, bei denen mindestens zwei Bestandteile miteinander chemisch reagieren, um auf diese Weise ein modifiziertes Material in der abgeschiedenen Schicht zu erhalten. Darüber hinaus kann durch die chemische Reaktion von mindestens zwei Beschichtungsstoffen oder mindestens einem Stoff, der mit der zu beschichtenden Fasern chemisch reagiert, Wärme erzeugt werden, die zum Absenken der Viskosität des Beschichtungsmaterials führt, sodass das Beschichtungsmaterial in die entsprechenden Fasern eindringen kann. Werden mehrere Fasern, beispielsweise ein oder mehrere Faserbündel gleichzeitig beschichtet, so kann durch das Absenken der Viskosität auch ein Eindringen des Beschichtungsmaterials in die Faserbündel erleichtert werden. As already mentioned above, a plurality of coating materials can be applied simultaneously and / or successively, so that mixtures of substances and / or multiple layers or gradient layers can arise. In addition, it is possible to choose coating materials in which at least two components chemically react with each other to thereby obtain a modified material in the deposited layer. Moreover, by the chemical reaction of at least two coating materials or at least one substance which chemically reacts with the fibers to be coated, heat can be generated which leads to a lowering of the viscosity of the coating material, so that the coating material can penetrate into the corresponding fibers. If a plurality of fibers, for example one or more fiber bundles, are coated at the same time, the lowering of the viscosity can also facilitate the penetration of the coating material into the fiber bundles.

Darüber hinaus kann der abgeschiedene Beschichtungsstoff in anderer Art und Weise erwärmt werden, um die Viskosität abzusenken und das Eindringen des Beschichtungsmaterials in die Fasern bzw. die Benetzung der Fasern zu erleichtern. Hierzu können beispielsweise Elektronen - oder Laserstrahlen Verwendung finden.In addition, the deposited coating material can be heated in another way to lower the viscosity and to facilitate the penetration of the coating material into the fibers or the wetting of the fibers. For example, electron or laser beams can be used for this purpose.

Im Zusammenhang mit der Düsenanordnung kann zusätzlich mindestens eine Maske verwendet werden, die die Fasern während der Beschichtung zumindest teilweise abdeckt, sodass durch die maskierte Abscheidung eine Strukturierung der Beschichtung erfolgen kann.In connection with the nozzle arrangement, it is additionally possible to use at least one mask which at least partially covers the fibers during the coating so that structuring of the coating can be effected by the masked deposition.

Die Fasern können zur Beschichtung kontinuierlich an der Düsenanordnung vorbei bewegt werden bzw. umgekehrt die Düsenanordnung relativ zu den Fasern bewegt werden.The fibers can be continuously moved past the nozzle arrangement for coating or, conversely, the nozzle arrangement can be moved relative to the fibers.

Nach dem Beschichten kann überschüssiger Beschichtungsstoff durch Druckaufbringung, insbesondere durch Walzen, aus den Fasern gepresst oder in diese eingepresst werden.After coating, excess coating material can be pressed out of or pressed into the fibers by pressure application, in particular by rolling.

Als Fasern für faserverstärke Keramiken können keramische Fasern, vorzugsweise Fasern aus Al2O3, SiC, Mullit, YAG, oder Kohlenstofffasern verwendet werden und als Beschichtungsstoff kann pyrolytisch erzeugter Kohlenstoff, Bornitrid (BN), Siliciumcarbid (SiC) und/oder Siliciumnitrid (Si3N4) verwendet werden.As fibers for fiber-reinforced ceramics, ceramic fibers, preferably fibers of Al 2 O 3 , SiC, mullite, YAG, or carbon fibers can be used and as a coating material can pyrolytically generated carbon, boron nitride (BN), silicon carbide (SiC) and / or silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) can be used.

Die entsprechend hergestellten, beschichteten Fasern können in einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Bauteils, insbesondere einer faserverstärkten Keramik, vorzugsweise für ein Bauteil einer Störungsmaschine, insbesondere eines Flugtriebwerks verwendet werden.The correspondingly produced, coated fibers can be used in a method for producing a fiber-reinforced component, in particular a fiber-reinforced ceramic, preferably for a component of a fault machine, in particular an aircraft engine.

Figurenlistelist of figures

Die beigefügten Zeichnungen zeigen in reinschematischer Weise in

  • 1 eine Schnittansicht durch ein Bauteil aus einer faserverstärkten Keramik,
  • 2 eine Darstellung einer Faser, wie sie zur Faserverstärkung in einer Faserverstärkten Keramik der 1 eingesetzt werden kann,
  • 3 eine Darstellung zur Beschichtung von Fasern für faserverstärkte Keramiken und in
  • 4 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung von Fasern für faserverstärkte Keramiken.
The accompanying drawings show in a purely schematic manner in FIG
  • 1 a sectional view through a component made of a fiber-reinforced ceramic,
  • 2 a representation of a fiber, as used for fiber reinforcement in a fiber reinforced ceramic of 1 can be used
  • 3 a representation for the coating of fibers for fiber-reinforced ceramics and in
  • 4 a further embodiment of an apparatus for coating fibers for fiber-reinforced ceramics.

AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELEEMBODIMENTS

Weitere Vorteile, Kennzeichen und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung werden bei der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispiele deutlich, wobei die Erfindung nicht auf diese Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt ist.Further advantages, characteristics and features of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed description of the embodiments, wherein the invention is not limited to these embodiments.

Die 1 zeigt eine Schnittansicht durch ein Bauteil aus einer faserverstärkten Keramik mit einer Matrix 1 aus Keramikmaterial und eingelagerten Fasern 2 zur Verstärkung des Werkstoffs. Die Fasern 2 können hierbei, wie in dem Ausführungsbeispiel der 1 gezeigt, beliebig ausgerichtet sein oder in einer bestimmten Richtung orientiert sein (nicht gezeigt).The 1 shows a sectional view through a component made of a fiber-reinforced ceramic with a matrix 1 made of ceramic material and embedded fibers 2 to reinforce the material. The fibers 2 can here, as in the embodiment of 1 shown, be arbitrarily oriented or oriented in a particular direction (not shown).

Die 2 zeigt beispielhaft den Aufbau einer beschichteten Faser 2 mit einem Faserkern 3 und einer äußeren Beschichtung 4 um den Faserkern 3. Die Beschichtung 4 kann anders als in 2 dargestellt, auch nur teilweise oder strukturiert, beispielsweise netz- oder gitterartig, auf dem Faserkern 3 angeordnet sein.The 2 shows an example of the structure of a coated fiber 2 with a fiber core 3 and an outer coating 4 around the fiber core 3 , The coating 4 can be different than in 2 represented, even partially or structured, for example net or lattice-like, on the fiber core 3 be arranged.

Die 3 zeigt eine Vorrichtung, mit der eine Faser 2, wie es in der 2 dargestellt ist, hergestellt werden kann. Hierzu wird ein Fasergrundmaterial bzw. Faserkern 3 an einem Druckkopf 12 mit einer Düse 5 vorbeigeführt, mit welcher Beschichtungsmaterial 6 auf den Faserkern 3 gesprüht wird, sodass eine Schicht 7 um den Faserkern 3 abgeschieden wird. Nachfolgend wird der Faserkern 3 mit der Schicht 7 an einem Laser 8 vorbeigeführt, der mit seinen Laserstrahl 9 zu einer Erwärmung des Beschichtungsmaterials 6 führt, sodass die Viskosität des abgeschiedenen Beschichtungsmaterials 6 abgesenkt wird. Dadurch wird es dem Beschichtungsmaterial ermöglicht, in den Faserkern 3 einzudringen. Wird statt dem in 3 dargestellten einzelnen Faserkern 3 ein Faserbündel (nicht gezeigt) verwendet, welches beschichtet werden soll, erleichtert die Absenkung der Viskosität des Beschichtungsmaterials auch ein Eindringen des Beschichtungsmaterials in das Faserbündel.The 3 shows a device with a fiber 2 as it is in the 2 is shown, can be produced. For this purpose, a fiber base material or fiber core 3 on a printhead 12 with a nozzle 5 passed, with which coating material 6 on the fiber core 3 is sprayed, leaving a layer 7 around the fiber core 3 is deposited. The following is the fiber core 3 with the layer 7 on a laser 8th Passed by, with his laser beam 9 to a heating of the coating material 6 so that the viscosity of the deposited coating material 6 is lowered. This allows the coating material to enter the fiber core 3 penetrate. Will take place in 3 illustrated single fiber core 3 using a fiber bundle (not shown) which is to be coated, lowering the viscosity of the coating material also facilitates penetration of the coating material into the fiber bundle.

Zusätzlich wird bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der beschichtete Faserkern 3 nach dem Erwärmen des Beschichtungsmaterials mit dem Laser 8 durch Walzen des beschichteten Faserkerns 3 in einer Walzenanordnung 10 mit beispielsweise zwei gegenläufigen Walzen 11 gepresst, sodass überschüssiges Material wieder ausgepresst wird. Letztendlich ergibt sich eine Faser 2 mit einem beschichteten Faserkern 3, auf dem die Beschichtung 4 angeordnet ist, wie bereits in der 2 dargestellt. Die beschichtete Faser 2 kann entsprechend der gewünschten Längen der Fasern 2 abgetrennt werden.In addition, in the embodiment shown, the coated fiber core 3 after heating the coating material with the laser 8th by rolling the coated fiber core 3 in a roller arrangement 10 with, for example, two counter-rotating rollers 11 pressed so that excess material is pressed out again. Ultimately, there is a fiber 2 with a coated fiber core 3 on which the coating 4 is arranged, as already in the 2 shown. The coated fiber 2 can be according to the desired lengths of the fibers 2 be separated.

Um eine voll umfängliche Beschichtung des Faserkerns 3 mit der Beschichtung 4 zu erreichen, können mehrere Druckköpfe 12 um den Umfang des Faserkerns 3 verteilt angeordnet sein. Darüber hinaus können der oder die Druckköpfe 12 entsprechend dem gezeigten Doppelpfeil so ausgebildet sein, dass sie um den Faserkern 3, also um eine Drehachse parallel zur Längsachse des Faserkerns, hin und her bewegbar sind, sodass ein größerer Oberflächenbereich des Faserkerns 3 überstrichen wird. Darüber hinaus zeigt der Pfeil in 3 die Bewegung des Faserkerns 3 vorbei am Druckkopf 12 mit der Düse 5, wobei der Faserkern 3 kontinuierlich entlang seiner Längsachse bewegt werden kann.To a fully circumferential coating of the fiber core 3 with the coating 4 To achieve this, you can use multiple printheads 12 around the perimeter of the fiber core 3 be arranged distributed. In addition, the printhead (s) can 12 according to the double arrow shown be formed so that they are around the fiber core 3 , Thus, about an axis of rotation parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fiber core, back and forth, so that a larger surface area of the fiber core 3 is swept over. In addition, the arrow points in 3 the movement of the fiber core 3 past the printhead 12 with the nozzle 5 where the fiber core 3 can be moved continuously along its longitudinal axis.

Neben dem gezeigten Laser 8 kann eine Erniedrigung der Viskosität des aufgebrachten Beschichtungsmaterials 6 durch Erwärmung auch dadurch erfolgen, dass beispielsweise ein Elektronenstrahl verwendet wird oder andere Wärmequellen zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Darüber hinaus ist es auch möglich, mehrere unterschiedliche Beschichtungsmaterialien 6 durch mehrere Druckköpfe 12 gleichzeitig aufzubringen, wobei die unterschiedlichen Beschichtungsmaterialien 6 in der aufgebrachten Beschichtung 7 miteinander reagieren können, um so erhöhte Temperaturen für eine Verflüssigung des Beschichtungsmaterials bereitzustellen und/oder ein gegenüber dem aufgebrachten Beschichtungsmaterialien modifiziertes Material für die Beschichtung 4 zu erzeugen.Beside the shown laser 8th may be a lowering of the viscosity of the applied coating material 6 by heating also be done by, for example, that an electron beam is used or other heat sources are made available. In addition, it is also possible to use several different coating materials 6 through multiple printheads 12 apply simultaneously, the different coating materials 6 in the applied coating 7 react with one another to provide increased temperatures for liquefaction of the coating material and / or a coating material modified from the applied coating materials 4 to create.

Die 4 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Beschichtung von Fasern für die Verwendung in faserverstärkten Keramikwerkstoffen, wobei die Vorrichtung im Wesentlichen der Vorrichtung aus 3 entspricht, sodass auf die Wiederholung der Beschreibung gleicher Bestandteile und Komponenten verzichtet wird. Bei der Vorrichtung der 4 wird jedoch gegenüber der Vorrichtung der 3 zusätzlich eine Maske 13 verwendet, die zwischen dem zur beschichtenden Faserkern 3 und dem Druckkopf 12 mit der Düsenanordnung 5 angeordnet ist. Durch die Maske 13 kann eine Strukturierung der abgeschiedenen Schicht 7 eingestellt werden, da in Bereichen, in denen die Maske den Faserkern 3 abschattet, kein Beschichtungsmaterial aufgebracht werden kann, während in Bereichen mit Öffnungen der Maske 13 Beschichtungsmaterial 6 auf dem Faserkern 3 gelangen kann.The 4 shows a further embodiment of a device for performing a coating of fibers for use in fiber-reinforced ceramic materials, wherein the device substantially from the device 3 complies with the repetition of the description of the same components and components. In the device of 4 However, compared to the device of 3 in addition a mask 13 used between the fiber core to be coated 3 and the printhead 12 with the nozzle assembly 5 is arranged. Through the mask 13 can be a structuring of the deposited layer 7 be set because in areas where the mask is the fiber core 3 shaded, no coating material can be applied while in areas with openings of the mask 13 coating material 6 on the fiber core 3 can get.

Obwohl die vorliegende Erfindung anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele detailliert beschrieben worden ist, ist es für den Fachmann selbstverständlich, dass die Erfindung nicht auf diese Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt ist, sondern dass vielmehr Abwandlungen in der Weise möglich sind, dass einzelne Merkmale weggelassen oder andersartige Kombinationen von Merkmalen verwirklicht werden können, sofern den Schutzbereich der beigefügten Ansprüche nicht verlassen wird. Die vorliegende Offenbarung schließt sämtliche Kombinationen der vorgestellten Einzelmerkmale mit ein.Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but rather modifications are possible in such a way that individual features omitted or other types of combinations of features are realized unless the scope of the appended claims is exceeded. The present disclosure includes all combinations of the features presented.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Matrixmatrix
22
Faserfiber
33
Faserkernfiber core
44
Beschichtungcoating
55
Düse bzw. DüsenanordnungNozzle or nozzle arrangement
66
Beschichtungsmaterialcoating material
77
Schichtlayer
88th
Laserlaser
99
Laserstrahllaser beam
1010
Walzenanordnungroll arrangement
1111
Walzenroll
1212
Druckkopfprinthead
1313
Maskemask

Claims (15)

Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Fasern, die zur Verstärkung von Werkstoffen, insbesondere Keramik - Werkstoffen, eingesetzt werden, wobei die Fasern mit mindestens einem flüssigen und/oder pulverförmigen Beschichtungsstoff (6) beschichtet werden, wobei der Auftrag des Beschichtungsstoffes durch Spritzen des mindestens einen Beschichtungsstoffes durch mindestens eine Düsenanordnung (5) erfolgt.Process for coating fibers which are used for reinforcing materials, in particular ceramic materials, wherein the fibers are coated with at least one liquid and / or pulverulent coating material (6), the application of the coating substance being carried out by spraying the at least one coating substance through at least one nozzle arrangement (5) takes place. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spritzen durch einen Druckkopf (12) mit mindestens einer, vorzugsweise mehreren Spritzdüsen (5) erfolgt.Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the spraying by a printhead (12) with at least one, preferably a plurality of spray nozzles (5). Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckkopf (12) während des Spritzens beweglich ist. Method according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the printhead (12) is movable during spraying. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spritzen durch Multi Jet Modeling erfolgt.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spraying takes place by multi-jet modeling. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Beschichtungsstoff (6) ein Nanopulver und/oder eine Suspension oder eine Emulsion umfasst.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating material (6) comprises a nanopowder and / or a suspension or an emulsion. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere unterschiedliche Beschichtungsstoffe (6) gleichzeitig und/oder nacheinander aufgebracht werden, wobei insbesondere mindestens zwei Beschichtungsstoffe, die miteinander chemisch reagieren, aufgebracht werden und/oder dass mindestens ein Stoff aufgebracht wird, der mit der zu beschichtenden Faser chemisch reagiert.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of different coating materials (6) are applied simultaneously and / or successively, wherein in particular at least two coating materials which chemically react with each other are applied, and / or that at least one substance is applied with the fiber to be coated reacts chemically. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der abgeschiedene Beschichtungsstoff erwärmt wird, insbesondere durch Laser - und/oder Elektronenstrahlen.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deposited coating material is heated, in particular by laser and / or electron beams. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Fasern, insbesondere ein oder mehrere Faserbündel gleichzeitig beschichtet werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of fibers, in particular one or more fiber bundles are coated simultaneously. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Faser(n) während der Beschichtung durch eine Maske (13) abgedeckt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber (s) are covered during the coating by a mask (13). Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fasern kontinuierlich an der Düsenanordnung (5) vorbei bewegt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers are moved continuously past the nozzle arrangement (5). Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Beschichten überschüssiger Beschichtungsstoff durch Walzen, insbesondere Druckwalzen der Fasern aus diesen entfernt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after coating excess coating material by rollers, in particular pressure rollers of the fibers are removed therefrom . Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Fasern keramische Fasern, insbesondere als Fasern aus oder mit SiC, Al2O3, Mullit, YAG, oder Kohlenstofffasern verwendet werden und/oder dass als Beschichtungsstoff (6) pyrolytisch erzeugter Kohlenstoff, BN, SiC und/oder Si3N4 verwendet werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fibers are used as fibers, in particular fibers made of or with SiC, Al 2 O 3 , mullite, YAG, or carbon fibers and / or that as a coating material (6) pyrolytically generated carbon, BN, SiC and / or Si 3 N 4 are used. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Bauteils, insbesondere einer faserverstärkten Keramik, bei welchem Fasern verwendet werden, die nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche hergestellt worden sind.Process for producing a fiber-reinforced component, in particular a fiber-reinforced ceramic, using fibers which have been produced according to one of the preceding claims. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Bauteil einer Strömungsmaschine, insbesondere eines Flugtriebwerks hergestellt wird.Method according to Claim 13 , characterized in that a component of a turbomachine, in particular an aircraft engine is produced. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Matrix eine karbidische Keramik, insbesondere aus oder mit SiC und/oder SiCN, und/oder eine oxydische Keramik, insbesondere aus oder mit ZrO2, Al2O3 und/oder SiO2, verwendet wird.Method according to Claim 13 or 14 , characterized in that a carbide ceramic, in particular from or with SiC and / or SiCN, and / or an oxidic ceramic, in particular from or with ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and / or SiO 2 , is used as the matrix.
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