DE102010045643B4 - sensor - Google Patents
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- DE102010045643B4 DE102010045643B4 DE201010045643 DE102010045643A DE102010045643B4 DE 102010045643 B4 DE102010045643 B4 DE 102010045643B4 DE 201010045643 DE201010045643 DE 201010045643 DE 102010045643 A DE102010045643 A DE 102010045643A DE 102010045643 B4 DE102010045643 B4 DE 102010045643B4
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- radiation
- sensor
- exhaust gas
- sensor element
- carbon dioxide
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021418 black silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Sensor (10) zur Bestimmung der in einem Abgas (13) eines Verbrennungsmotors (1) enthaltenen Kohlendioxyd- und/oder Wasserkonzentration (14), mit einer Strahlungsquelle (16) zur Erzeugung einer charakteristischen elektromagnetischen Strahlung, die zumindest eine erste Strahlung (17) und eine zweite Strahlung (18) mit unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen aufweist, wobei die elektromagnetische Strahlung (17; 18) von der Strahlungsquelle (16) durch das Abgas (13) auf einen Strahlungsempfänger (19) zur Auswertung der Intensität der elektromagnetischen Strahlung (17; 18) gestrahlt wird, wobei die von dem Strahlungsempfänger (19) gemessene Intensität der elektromagnetischen Strahlung (17; 18) ein Maß für die Kohlendioxyd- und/oder Wasserkonzentration (14) in dem Abgas (13) ist, wobei der Strahlungsempfänger (19) mindestens ein erstes Sensorelement (26a) und ein zweites Sensorelement (26b) aufweist, wobei das erste Sensorelement die Intensität der ersten Strahlung (17) und das zweite Sensorelement (26b) zumindest die Intensität der zweiten Strahlung (18) erfasst, wobei vor dem ersten Sensorelement (26a) ein erstes Filterelement (24) angeordnet ist, so dass...Sensor (10) for determining the carbon dioxide and / or water concentration (14) contained in an exhaust gas (13) of an internal combustion engine (1), having a radiation source (16) for generating a characteristic electromagnetic radiation which comprises at least a first radiation (17). and a second radiation (18) having different wavelengths, wherein the electromagnetic radiation (17; 18) from the radiation source (16) through the exhaust gas (13) to a radiation receiver (19) for evaluating the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation (17; ), wherein the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation (17, 18) measured by the radiation receiver (19) is a measure of the carbon dioxide and / or water concentration (14) in the exhaust gas (13), the radiation receiver (19) being at least a first sensor element (26a) and a second sensor element (26b), wherein the first sensor element, the intensity of the first radiation (17) and the second sensor element (26b) detects at least the intensity of the second radiation (18), wherein a first filter element (24) is arranged in front of the first sensor element (26a), so that ...
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Sensor zur Bestimmung der in einem Abgas eines Verbrennungsmotors enthaltenen Kohlendioxyd- und/oder Wasserkonzentration.The invention relates to a sensor for determining the carbon dioxide and / or water concentration contained in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.
Bei modernen Verbrennungsmotoren wird die effiziente Verbrennung des zugeführten Treibstoffes immer wichtiger. Zum einen wird durch die effiziente Verbrennung des Treibstoffes die zur Verfügung stehende Treibstoffreserve geschont und zum anderen wird durch eine effiziente Verbrennung des Treibstoffes die Belastung der Umwelt durch die Abgase des Verbrennungsprozesses auf ein Minimum reduziert. Bei Verbrennungsmotoren für Kraftfahrzeuge hat sich zur Reduktion des Schadstoffausstoßes die Rückführung der Abgase in den Ansaugtrakt des Verbrennungsmotors als effiziente Methode zur Reduktion von Schadstoffen erwiesen. Da jedoch diese zurückgeführten Abgase schon einen Verbrennungsprozess durchlaufen haben, ist der im zurückgeführten Abgas enthaltenen Sauerstoffanteil gegenüber dem Anteil in der normalen Umgebungsluft reduziert. Für eine optimale Verbrennung ist es jedoch notwendig, genau zu wissen, wie das zur Verbrennung bereitgestellte Gas, insbesondere mit Hinblick auf den Sauerstoffanteil zusammengesetzt ist, damit dem Verbrennungsmotor genau die richtige Menge Sauerstoff zugeführt werden kann. Die Zusammensetzung der normalen Umgebungsluft ist bekannt. Sie besteht aus 78% Stickstoff, 21% Sauerstoff und etwa 0,03% Kohlendioxyd. Nachdem die frische Umbebungsluft im Verbrennungsmotor einem Verbrennungsprozess unterzogen wurde, ist der Sauerstoffanteil wesentlich reduziert und der Kohlendioxydanteil erheblich erhöht.In modern internal combustion engines, the efficient combustion of the supplied fuel is becoming increasingly important. On the one hand, the efficient combustion of the fuel conserves the available fuel reserve and, on the other hand, the efficient combustion of the fuel minimizes the pollution of the environment by the exhaust gases of the combustion process. In internal combustion engines for motor vehicles, the recirculation of the exhaust gases into the intake tract of the internal combustion engine has proven to be an efficient method of reducing pollutants in order to reduce pollutant emissions. However, since these recirculated exhaust gases have already undergone a combustion process, the proportion of oxygen contained in the recirculated exhaust gas is reduced compared to the proportion in the normal ambient air. For optimum combustion, however, it is necessary to know exactly how the gas provided for combustion, in particular with regard to the oxygen content, is composed, so that the correct amount of oxygen can be supplied to the internal combustion engine. The composition of the normal ambient air is known. It consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and about 0.03% carbon dioxide. After the fresh ambient air has been subjected to a combustion process in the internal combustion engine, the oxygen content is substantially reduced and the carbon dioxide content increased considerably.
Die
Die
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen kostengünstigen Sensor anzugeben, mit dem die im Abgas eines Verbrennungsmotors enthaltene Kohlendioxyd- und/oder Wasserkonzentration bestimmt werden kann und der resistent gegen Verschmutzungen aus dem Abgas ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a cost-effective sensor with which the carbon dioxide and / or water concentration contained in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine can be determined and which is resistant to contamination from the exhaust gas.
Die Aufgabe wird durch einen Sensorsystem zur Bestimmung der im Abgas eines Verbrennungsmotors enthaltenen Kohlendioxyd- und/oder Wasserkonzentration nach dem Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by a sensor system for determining the carbon dioxide and / or water concentration contained in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine according to
Dadurch, dass auf und/oder in der durchlässigen Abdeckung ein Heizelement ausgebildet ist, wobei mit der Hilfe des Heizelements der Teil des Strahlungsempfängers, der mit Verschmutzungen aus dem Abgas belegt ist auf die Abbrandtemperatur der Verschmutzung erhitztbar ist und wobei der Sensor in einem Abgasrohr, einem Abgasrückführrohr oder einem Ansaugrohr in einem Bereich nach der Beimischung des Abgases angeordnet ist, ist es möglich den Strahlungsempfänger zu reinigen, wenn sich Verschmutzungen aus dem Abgas abgelagert haben. Insbesondere ist der Ruß aus dem Abgas als Ursache für Vermutzungen zu sehen, wobei sich dieser Ruß durch eine Erhitzung des verschmutzten Teiles des Strahlungsempfängers von diesem entfernen lässt. Dazu sind Temperaturen von über 500°C notwendig, die mit dem Heizelement leicht erzeugt werden können. Die Verschmutzungen auf dem Strahlungsempfänger können zyklisch oder nach Bedarf entfernt werden.Characterized in that a heating element is formed on and / or in the permeable cover, wherein with the aid of the heating element of the part of the radiation receiver, which is occupied with contaminants from the exhaust gas is heated to the combustion temperature of the pollution and wherein the sensor in an exhaust pipe, An exhaust gas recirculation pipe or an intake pipe is arranged in a region after the admixture of the exhaust gas, it is possible to clean the radiation receiver when contaminants have been deposited from the exhaust gas. In particular, the soot from the exhaust gas is to be seen as the cause of Vermutzungen, this soot can be removed by heating the soiled part of the radiation receiver of this. These temperatures of over 500 ° C are necessary, which can be easily generated with the heating element. The contaminants on the radiation receiver can be removed cyclically or as needed.
Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die Sensorelemente als Thermopiles ausgebildet. Thermopiles eignen sich besonders gut zur Messung der Intensität der elektromagnetischen Strahlung.In a further development of the invention, the sensor elements are designed as thermopiles. Thermopiles are particularly suitable for measuring the intensity of electromagnetic radiation.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist vor dem zweiten Sensorelement ein zweites Filterelement angeordnet, durch das ausschließlich die zweite elektromagnetische Strahlung bis zu dem zweiten Sensorelement gelangt. Wenn man sich auf eine erste und eine zweite Strahlung festlegt und deren Intensität miteinander vergleicht, ist der Intensitätsverlust der ersten Strahlung durch das Kohlendioxyd im Abgas besonders gut feststellbar. Daher kann mit Hilfe des zweiten Filterelementes eine besonders genaue Kohlendioxyd-Konzentrationsbestimmung erfolgen.In an advantageous development, a second filter element is arranged in front of the second sensor element, through which only the second electromagnetic radiation reaches the second sensor element. If one fixes on a first and a second radiation and compares their intensity with each other, the loss of intensity of the first radiation due to the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is particularly noticeable. Therefore, with help the second filter element a particularly accurate carbon dioxide concentration determination done.
Im Folgenden wird die vorliegende Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die begleitende Zeichnung und anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsformen erläutert. Es zeigen:In the following, the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Show it:
Die Funktionsweise des Sensors
In dem Abgas
Die Wirkungsweise des Sensors
Die Strahlungsquelle
The
Hinter dem ersten Fenster
Basierend auf dem thermoelektrischen Effekt kann das Thermopile
Wenn nun aufgrund einer hohen Kohlendioxydkonzentration
Auf den beiden Fenstern (Filtern)
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE201010045643 DE102010045643B4 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE201010045643 DE102010045643B4 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | sensor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102010045643A1 DE102010045643A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
DE102010045643B4 true DE102010045643B4 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
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DE201010045643 Expired - Fee Related DE102010045643B4 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | sensor |
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DE (1) | DE102010045643B4 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2530095B (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2017-07-12 | Schlumberger Holdings | Mid-infrared sensor |
GB2530486B (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2017-08-02 | Schlumberger Holdings | Active surface cleaning for a sensor |
GB2530485B (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2017-02-22 | Schlumberger Holdings | Mid-infrared carbon dioxide sensor |
GB2530098B (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2017-02-22 | Schlumberger Holdings | Mid-infrared acid sensor |
GB2530099B (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2019-01-02 | Schlumberger Holdings | Temperature invariant infrared filter |
IT201900011511A1 (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-01-11 | Mahle Int Gmbh | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING A REFRIGERANT FLUID PRESENT IN A TANK OR MEASURING CELL OF A REFILLING SYSTEM OF AN AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5262645A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1993-11-16 | General Motors Corporation | Sensor for measuring alcohol content of alcohol gasoline fuel mixtures |
US20030205673A1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2003-11-06 | Williams Kevin G. | Respiratory gas analyzer |
DE69530636T2 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2004-03-25 | Envirotest Systems Corp., Sunnyvale | Infrared sensor for nitrogen oxide with water vapor compensation |
DE60202362T2 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2005-12-08 | Steris Inc., Temecula | NON-DISPERSIVE INFRARED SENSOR FOR EVAPORATED HYDROGEN PEROXIDE |
-
2010
- 2010-09-17 DE DE201010045643 patent/DE102010045643B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5262645A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1993-11-16 | General Motors Corporation | Sensor for measuring alcohol content of alcohol gasoline fuel mixtures |
DE69530636T2 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2004-03-25 | Envirotest Systems Corp., Sunnyvale | Infrared sensor for nitrogen oxide with water vapor compensation |
US20030205673A1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2003-11-06 | Williams Kevin G. | Respiratory gas analyzer |
DE60202362T2 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2005-12-08 | Steris Inc., Temecula | NON-DISPERSIVE INFRARED SENSOR FOR EVAPORATED HYDROGEN PEROXIDE |
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DE102010045643A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
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