DE102010030706A1 - Reactive extrusion method for chemical modification of alkyl groups containing polymers or waxes, comprises carrying out extrusion method in a planetary roller extruder - Google Patents

Reactive extrusion method for chemical modification of alkyl groups containing polymers or waxes, comprises carrying out extrusion method in a planetary roller extruder Download PDF

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DE102010030706A1
DE102010030706A1 DE102010030706A DE102010030706A DE102010030706A1 DE 102010030706 A1 DE102010030706 A1 DE 102010030706A1 DE 102010030706 A DE102010030706 A DE 102010030706A DE 102010030706 A DE102010030706 A DE 102010030706A DE 102010030706 A1 DE102010030706 A1 DE 102010030706A1
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waxes
chemical modification
planetary roller
roller extruder
extrusion method
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Steffen Berger
Harald Rust
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Entex Rust and Mitschke GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
    • C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/485—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with three or more shafts provided with screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/487—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with consecutive casings or screws, e.g. for feeding, discharging, mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
    • B29B7/826—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/435—Sub-screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/435—Sub-screws
    • B29C48/44—Planetary screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68—Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/683—Barrels or cylinders for more than two screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D151/00—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D151/06—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J151/00—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J151/06—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/84—Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
    • B29B7/845—Venting, degassing or removing evaporated components in devices with rotary stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B29B9/065—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion under-water, e.g. underwater pelletizers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92895—Barrel or housing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

Reactive extrusion method for chemical modification of alkyl groups containing polymers or waxes, comprises carrying out the extrusion method in a planetary roller extruder. An independent claim is also included for the alkyl groups containing polymers or waxes obtained by the above method.

Description

Die Erfindung beschreibt ein reaktives Extrusionsverfahren zur chemischen Modifizierung von alkylgruppenhaltigen Polymeren oder Wachsen. Die Erfindung bezieht sich weiterhin auf Polymere und Wachse, die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren modifiziert wurden.The invention describes a reactive extrusion process for the chemical modification of alkyl group-containing polymers or waxes. The invention further relates to polymers and waxes which have been modified by the process according to the invention.

Stand der Technik und technologischer HintergrundState of the art and technological background

Alkylgruppenhaltige Polymere oder Wachse haben große industrielle Bedeutung. Mit zunehmendem Gehalt der enthaltenen Alkylgruppen wird das Material hydrophober. Dieses hydrophobe Verhalten ist von Nachteil, wenn die alkylgruppenhaltigen Polymere oder Wachse vor ihrer Endanwendung Verarbeitungsschritten unterzogen werden müssen, die Kontakt mit polaren Substanzen erfordern. So müssen zum Beispiel Wachse in polaren Lösungsmitteln dispergiert oder gelöst werden, um unter anderem in Lacke und Farben eingearbeitet werden zu können. Auch für Polyolefine (inklusive Polyolefin-Copolymere) ist hydrophobes Verhalten von Nachteil, wenn die daraus zum Beispiel im Spritzguss hergestellten Teile lackiert, bedruckt, verklebt oder beschichtet werden sollen. Ferner ist dieses hydrophobe Verhalten für die Herstellung von Composites und Elends mit polaren Polymeren der Polyolefine (inklusive Polyolefin-Copolymere) ebenfalls nachteilig.Alkyl group-containing polymers or waxes have great industrial significance. As the content of the included alkyl groups increases, the material becomes more hydrophobic. This hydrophobic behavior is disadvantageous when the alkyl group-containing polymers or waxes have to be subjected to processing steps requiring their contact with polar substances prior to their final use. For example, waxes must be dispersed or dissolved in polar solvents in order to be able to be incorporated, among other things, in paints and coatings. For polyolefins (including polyolefin copolymers), too, hydrophobic behavior is disadvantageous if the parts produced from them by injection molding, for example, are to be painted, printed, glued or coated. Furthermore, this hydrophobic behavior is also detrimental to the preparation of composites and blends with polar polymers of the polyolefins (including polyolefin copolymers).

Es ist bekannt, Polymere, wie zum Beispiel die Polyolefine Polyethylen (PE), Polypropylen (PP) und Polystyrol (PS), durch chemische Verarbeitung im Extruder zu veredeln. Extruder für die Verarbeitung von hochviskosen Polymerschmelzen sind dann zugleich Druckreaktoren für chemische Synthesen im hochviskosen Reaktionsmedium; diese Art der Verarbeitung wird auch als Reaktivextrusion bezeichnet. Die Umsetzung muss innerhalb weniger Minuten und mit hohen Ausbeuten abgeschlossen sein. Nur leichtflüchtige Nebenprodukte lassen sich danach noch durch weitere Entgasung abtrennen; weitere Reinigungs- und Trennoperationen sind nicht mehr wirtschaftlich. Einen Überblick über aktuelle Ansätze zur Reaktivextrusion geben Xanthos und Biesenberger, Reactive Extrusion, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, 2006.It is known to refine polymers, such as the polyolefins polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS), by chemical processing in the extruder. Extruders for the processing of high-viscosity polymer melts are then at the same time pressure reactors for chemical syntheses in a highly viscous reaction medium; This type of processing is also referred to as reactive extrusion. The reaction must be completed within a few minutes and in high yields. Only volatile by-products can then be separated by further degassing; Further cleaning and separation operations are no longer economical. An overview of current approaches to reactive extrusion is given by Xanthos and Biesenberger, Reactive Extrusion, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, 2006.

Durch Pfropfreaktionen im Extruder können beispielsweise polare funktionelle Gruppen an das Polymergerüst angekoppelt werden. Dadurch lässt sich unter anderem die Haftung an Füllstoffen oder anderen polaren Polymeren bei der Herstellung von Elends verbessern. Diese auch als 'reactive blending' bekannte Technik wird inzwischen weit verbreitet angewendet. Beispielsweise können bei Elends aus 70% PP und 30% Polyamid (PA) die Morphologie und die mechanischen Eigenschaften durch Zusatz von Maleinsäureanhydrid (MA)-gepfropftem Polypropylen (PP-g-MA) gesteuert werden. Ohne Phasenvermittler bilden sich ansonsten große PA-Bereiche, die nicht mit der PP-Matrix verankert sind. Bei mechanischer Beanspruchung werden sie leicht aus der PP-Matrix herausgerissen. Setzt man aber während der Verarbeitung anhydridgruppenhaltige Phasenvermittler wie PP-g-MA zu, reagieren diese mit den Aminoendgruppen von PA zu Amidgruppen und bilden auf diese Weise ein PP-PA-Blockcopolymer.By grafting reactions in the extruder, for example, polar functional groups can be coupled to the polymer backbone. As a result, inter alia, the adhesion to fillers or other polar polymers in the production of misery can be improved. This technique, also known as reactive blending, is now widely used. For example, in blends of 70% PP and 30% polyamide (PA), the morphology and mechanical properties can be controlled by the addition of maleic anhydride (MA) grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA). Without phase mediators, otherwise large PA areas are formed that are not anchored to the PP matrix. When subjected to mechanical stress, they are easily torn out of the PP matrix. If, however, anhydride-group-containing phase mediators, such as PP-g-MA, are added during processing, they react with the amino end groups of PA to form amide groups and thus form a PP-PA block copolymer.

Im bisherigen Stand der Technik werden vorrangig Doppelschnecken-Extruder als Reaktoren für die Reaktivextrusion genutzt. Insbesondere dann, wenn Polyolefine chemisch zu modifizieren sind, wird auf Grund der Viskosität des Materials und seiner Tonnage eine industrielle Verarbeitung in anderen Reaktor-Typen nur sehr schwer umsetzbar sein. Von einigen Spezialfällen abgesehen, war die Reaktivextrusion zur chemischen Modifizierung von Polyolefinen (inklusive Polyolefin-Copolymere) und Wachsen aber industriell nicht erfolgreich, weil man bisher die Nebenreaktionen nicht in den Griff bekam. Diese Nebenreaktionen sind vor allem die Vernetzung und der Abbau. Sowohl die Vernetzung als auch der Abbau verändern das Material signifikant.In the prior art, twin-screw extruders are primarily used as reactors for reactive extrusion. In particular, when polyolefins are to be chemically modified, due to the viscosity of the material and its tonnage, industrial processing in other reactor types will be very difficult to implement. Apart from a few special cases, the reactive extrusion for the chemical modification of polyolefins (including polyolefin copolymers) and waxes was industrially unsuccessful, because until now, the side reactions were not getting under control. These side reactions are above all the networking and the degradation. Both the crosslinking and the degradation significantly change the material.

Es ist bisher also nicht gelungen, alkylgruppenhaltige Polymere oder Wachse, wie zum Beispiel Polyolefine (inklusive Polyolefin-Copolymere), durch die Einführung polarer Gruppen im industriellen Maßstab chemisch so zu modifizieren, dass die grundlegenden Materialeigenschaften, insbesondere die rheologischen und damit auch die mechanischen Eigenschaften, weitestgehend unverändert bleiben.So far it has not been possible to chemically modify alkyl-containing polymers or waxes, such as polyolefins (including polyolefin copolymers) by the introduction of polar groups on an industrial scale, that the basic material properties, in particular the rheological and thus the mechanical properties , remain largely unchanged.

Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention

Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen reaktiven Extrusionsverfahren zur chemischen Modifizierung von alkylgruppenhaltigen Polymeren oder Wachsen können ein oder mehrere der angesprochenen Probleme überwunden oder zumindest wesentlich vermindert werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass das Extrusionsverfahren in einem Planetwalzen-Extruder ausgeführt wird.With the aid of the reactive extrusion process according to the invention for the chemical modification of alkyl group-containing polymers or waxes, one or more of the mentioned problems can be overcome or at least substantially reduced. According to the invention, it is provided that the extrusion process is carried out in a planetary roller extruder.

Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, dass man die Nebenreaktionen Vernetzung und Abbau deutlich minimieren kann, wenn man die chemische Modifizierung in einem Planetwalzen-Extruder durchführt. Der Planetwalzen-Extruder verfügt über entsprechende Dosiereinrichtungen für die zur chemischen Modifikation eingesetzten Edukte nebst gegebenenfalls notwendiger Förder- und Mischelemente. Ferner kann der Planetwalzen-Extruder auch einen Vakuum-Bereich und eine Granulier-Einrichtung aufweisen sowie unter Inertgas gefahren werden.Surprisingly, it has now been found that the side reactions of crosslinking and degradation can be significantly minimized by carrying out the chemical modification in a planetary roller extruder. The planetary roller extruder has corresponding metering devices for the educts used for the chemical modification, together with possibly necessary conveying and mixing elements. Furthermore, the planetary roller extruder can also have a vacuum region and a granulation device and be driven under inert gas.

Planetwalzen-Extruder weisen eine sehr schonende Plastifizierung, gute Homogenisierung und Dispergierung auf und eignen sich deshalb besonders für empfindliche Kunststoffe. Im Bereich der Übergangszone einer normalen Schnecke sind die Zentralschnecke und der Zylinder mit einer speziellen Verzahnung versehen. Dazwischen befinden sich im Eingriff mehrere Planetenschnecken. Bei der Rotation der Zentralschnecke drehen sich die Planetenschnecken um ihre eigenen Achsen und befinden sich gleichzeitig im Umlauf um die Zentralschnecke. Zwischen den Zentral- und Planetenschnecken wird das aus der Einzugzone geförderte Granulat oder Pulver feinschichtig ausgewalzt.Planetary roller extruders have a very gentle plasticization, good homogenization and dispersion and are therefore suitable especially for sensitive plastics. In the area of the transition zone of a normal worm, the central worm and the cylinder are provided with a special toothing. In between there are several planetary screws. During the rotation of the central worm, the planetary worms rotate about their own axes and are simultaneously in circulation around the central worm. Between the central and planetary screw conveyed from the feed zone granules or powder is finely rolled out.

Der Planetwalzen-Extruder ist weiterhin so ausgelegt, dass alle für die chemische Modifikation signifikanten Prozessparameter gemessen und geregelt werden können. Insbesondere verfügt der Planetwalzen-Extruder über eine Temperiereinheit, mit der insbesondere eine Temperatur der Zentral- und/oder Planetenschnecken des Planetwalzen-Extruders während der chemischen Modifizierung eingestellt werden kann. Auf Grund der großen Oberfläche, die beim Planetwalzen-Extruder für den Wärmeaustausch zur Verfügung steht, kann ein Temperaturprofil sehr schnell eingestellt und exakt eingehalten werden. Dies ist ein großer Vorteil gegenüber klassischen Extrudern, wie zum Beispiel dem Doppelschnecken-Extruder. Der besondere konstruktive Aufbau eines Planetwalzen-Extruders ermöglicht eine sehr exakte und schnelle Temperierung. Das Gehäuse zur Aufnahme der Zentral- und Planetenschnecken hat eine gleichmäßige Wandstärke und erstreckt sich achsensymmetrisch zu den Schnecken. Mit anderen Worten, der Planetwalzen-Extruder weist einen geometrisch homogenen Aufbau auf und die Wandstärken des Gehäuses im Vergleich zur Extrudern anderen Bautyps deutlich geringer und nicht wechselnd. Hierdurch kann vermieden werden, dass sich die Temperatur beim Beheizen ungleichmäßig verteilt und die Temperatur kann sehr schnell eingestellt/verändert werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil gegenüber diesen klassischen Extrudern ist das völlige Fehlen von Bereichen, in denen sich Material festsetzen und überhitzen kann.The planetary roller extruder is furthermore designed so that all process parameters that are significant for chemical modification can be measured and controlled. In particular, the planetary roller extruder has a tempering unit with which, in particular, a temperature of the central and / or planetary screws of the planetary roller extruder can be set during the chemical modification. Due to the large surface available for heat exchange in the planetary roller extruder, a temperature profile can be set very quickly and exactly maintained. This is a great advantage over classic extruders, such as the twin screw extruder. The special design of a planetary roller extruder allows a very precise and fast temperature control. The housing for holding the central and planetary screws has a uniform wall thickness and extends axially symmetrical to the screws. In other words, the planetary roller extruder has a geometrically homogeneous structure and the wall thicknesses of the housing in comparison to extruders of other types of construction significantly lower and not changing. This can avoid that the temperature is distributed unevenly during heating and the temperature can be set / changed very quickly. Another advantage over these classic extruders is the total absence of areas where material can seize and overheat.

Die Dosierung der eingesetzten Materialien sowie die Gestaltung der Förder- und Mischelemente kann dem jeweiligen Reaktionssystem angepasst werden. Darüber hinaus kann der Planetwalzen-Extruder mit Inertgas gefahren werden und verfügt über einen evakuierbaren Teil, durch den gasförmige Stoffe abgeführt werden können. Das modifizierte Endprodukt kann granuliert werden. Beispiele Planetwalzen-Extruder mit für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren geeigneten Förder- und Mischelementen, Temperier- und Entgasungmodulen etc. finden sich untern anderem in EP 2 101 983 A2 (Direktextrusionsanlage), DE 10 252 202 A1 (Verschleißschutz), DE 10 356 423 A1 (Einspritzsystem für die Zugabe der Reaktionskomponenten), DE 10 142 890 A1 (Dispergierring für eine homogene Materialverteilung), DE 10 2007 041 486 A1 (Modulaufbau), DE 10 054 854 B4 (Entgasungsring), DE 10 2006 002 176 A1 (gekühlter Anlaufring), DE 10 2006 001 171 A1 (seitliche Entgasung), DE 10 2007 040 645 A1 (Entgasungsdom), DE 19 812 889 B4 (Flüssigtemperierung), DE 19 807 089 A1 (dünnwandig verzahnte Buchsen), EP 1 454 734 B1 (Anlage zur PET-Verarbeitung) und DE 19 856 235 A1 (Rückwärtsentgasung).The dosage of the materials used as well as the design of the conveying and mixing elements can be adapted to the respective reaction system. In addition, the planetary roller extruder can be driven with inert gas and has an evacuable part through which gaseous substances can be removed. The modified end product can be granulated. Examples of planetary roller extruders with conveying and mixing elements, tempering and degassing modules, etc. suitable for the process according to the invention can be found, inter alia, in US Pat EP 2 101 983 A2 (Direct extrusion plant), DE 10 252 202 A1 (Wear protection) DE 10 356 423 A1 (Injection system for the addition of the reaction components), DE 10 142 890 A1 (Dispersing ring for a homogeneous material distribution), DE 10 2007 041 486 A1 (Modular structure), DE 10 054 854 B4 (Entgasungsring) DE 10 2006 002 176 A1 (cooled starting ring), DE 10 2006 001 171 A1 (lateral degassing), DE 10 2007 040 645 A1 (Degassing dome), DE 19 812 889 B4 (Flüssigtemperierung) DE 19 807 089 A1 (thin-walled bushings), EP 1 454 734 B1 (Plant for PET processing) and DE 19 856 235 A1 (Back venting).

Die Erfindung stellt ein Verfahren zur chemischen Modifizierung von alkylgruppenhaltigen Wachsen und Polymeren in einem Planetwalzen-Extruder zur Verfügung. Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens werden polare chemische Gruppen in die alkylgruppenhaltigen Substanzen eingebaut, was deren Hydrophobie verringert. Hierdurch kann der weitere Verarbeitungsprozess dieser Substanzen, wenn er den Kontakt mit polaren Substanzen erfordert, wesentlich erleichtert werden. Bevorzugte werden Polyolefine (inklusive Polyolefin-Copolymere) modifiziert, insbesondere Polypropylen und Polyethylen sowie Polypropylen- und Polyethylenwachse.The invention provides a process for chemically modifying alkyl group-containing waxes and polymers in a planetary roller extruder. By means of the process, polar chemical groups are incorporated into the alkyl group-containing substances, which reduces their hydrophobicity. As a result, the further processing of these substances, when it requires contact with polar substances, can be substantially facilitated. Preferred are modified polyolefins (including polyolefin copolymers), in particular polypropylene and polyethylene and polypropylene and polyethylene waxes.

Vorzugsweise ist die chemische Modifizierung eine Propfreaktion, bei der polare funktionelle Gruppen an die Alkylgruppe des Polymers oder Wachses gekoppelt werden. Die eingeführte polare funktionelle Gruppe kann im Zuge der Reaktivextrusion oder auch in späteren Verarbeitungsschritten zur weiteren Umsetzung genutzt werden; zum Beispiel kann über diese Gruppen eine kovalente Anbindung im Sinne eines reaktiven Blendings erfolgen (Propfpolymerisation). Die Propfreaktion und Pfropfpolymerisation an alkylgruppenhaltigen Wachsen und Polymeren sind hinlänglich bekannt und der Fachmann kann entsprechend auf alle aus der Literatur bekannten Pfropf-Monomere und Reaktionsbedingungen bei der Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zurückgreifen. Insbesondere ist die chemische Modifizierung eine radikalisch initiierte Propfreaktion mit Maleinsäureanhydrid oder Maleinsäurediethylester.Preferably, the chemical modification is a grafting reaction in which polar functional groups are coupled to the alkyl group of the polymer or wax. The introduced polar functional group can be used in the course of reactive extrusion or in later processing steps for further implementation; For example, a covalent bond in the sense of a reactive blending can take place via these groups (graft polymerization). The grafting reaction and graft polymerization on waxes and polymers containing alkyl groups are well known and the person skilled in the art can correspondingly refer to all grafting monomers known from the literature and reaction conditions in the embodiment of the process according to the invention. In particular, the chemical modification is a free-radical initiated grafting reaction with maleic anhydride or diethyl maleate.

Für die Propfreaktion können herkömmliche Initiatoren verwendet werden, insbesondere Dicumylperoxid, Dibenzoylperoxid und 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert.-butylperoxy)-hexan.Conventional initiators can be used for the grafting reaction, in particular dicumyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di- (tert-butylperoxy) -hexane.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung liegt in der Bereitstellung von Polymeren oder Wachsen, die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren modifiziert wurde. Die Polymere oder Wachse besitzen eine gegenüber dem Ausgangsprodukt erhöhte Hydrophilie, jedoch noch weitestgehend gleiche rheologische Eigenschaften. Insbesondere weichen die rheologische Eigenschaften des Endprodukts maximal um 20% von denen des Ausgangsmaterials ab. Ein Maß für die erzielte Hydrophilierung des Ausgangsmaterials ist die Oberflächenspannung, die vorzugsweise mindestens 40 mN/m beträgt.Another aspect of the invention is the provision of polymers or waxes which have been modified by the process according to the invention. The polymers or waxes have an increased hydrophilicity compared to the starting product, but still largely the same rheological properties. In particular, the rheological properties of the final product differ by no more than 20% from those of the starting material. A measure of the achieved hydrophilization of the starting material is the surface tension, which is preferably at least 40 mN / m.

Die so erhaltenen chemisch modifizierten Wachse werden vorzugsweise zur Herstellung von Farben, Lacken, Beschichtungen (zum Beispiel Plastisole), Klebern oder Verträglichkeitsvermittlern eingesetzt.The resulting chemically modified waxes are preferably used for the production of paints, lacquers, coatings (for example plastisols), adhesives or compatibilizers.

Die so erhaltenen chemisch modifizierten Polymere werden vorzugsweise zur Herstellung von Formartikeln aller Art (insbesondere Spritzgussteile, Extrusionsartikel), Compound/Blends, Composites, Verträglichkeitsvermittlern oder Klebern eingesetzt.The resulting chemically modified polymers are preferably used for the production of molded articles of all kinds (in particular injection molded parts, extrusion articles), compound / blends, composites, compatibilizers or adhesives.

Kurzbeschreibung der FigurBrief description of the figure

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und einer dazugehörigen Zeichnung erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt den Aufbau eines Planetwalzen-Extruders.The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment and an accompanying drawing. The single figure shows the structure of a planetary roller extruder.

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description of the invention

Nachfolgend soll das Verfahren am Beispiel der chemischen Modifizierung eines PE-Wachses beschrieben.The process is described below using the example of the chemical modification of a PE wax.

Die einzige Figur zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Planetwalzen-Extruders 10 (erhältlich unter der Typbezeichnung TP-WE 70 bei der Firma Entex). Das zu modifizierende PE-Wachs (Licowax PE 100 Granules der Firma Clariant) wurde über ein gravimetrisches Dosierwerk 12 zudosiert. Als Pfropf-Monomer kam Maleinsäureanhydrid zum Einsatz, welches über eine Dosierpumpe 14 zudosiert wurde. Das verwendete Peroxid war Dicumylperoxid, das ebenfalls gravimetrisch über ein Dosierwerk 16 dosiert wurde. Der Planetwalzen-Extruder lässt sich in Einfüllzone 20, Plastifizier- und Homogenisierungszone 22 (in der die Planetwalzen um eine Zentralwalze laufen), Ausstoßzone 24 und Vakuumzone 26 mit Entgasung gliedern. In der Einfüllzone 20 wird das Wachs aufgeschmolzen. Kurz vor der Plastifizier- und Homogenisierungszone 24 werden die weiteren Edukte zugesetzt und es erfolgt die reaktive Umsetzung in den Zone 24 und 26. Gegebenenfalls noch vorhandene Rückstände der Edukte werden in der Vakuumzone 26 entfernt. Alle genannten Zonen 20 ... 26 des Planetwalzen-Extruders 10 sind unabhängig voneinander über Temperiereinheiten 30 ... 40 im Temperaturprofil steuerbar ausgelegt. Über eine Runddüse 50 wird das modifizierte Wachs ausgegeben und mittels eines Granulators 52 granuliert.The single figure shows the basic structure of a planetary roller extruder 10 (available under the type designation TP-WE 70 from Entex). The PE wax to be modified (Licowax PE 100 Granules from Clariant) was passed through a gravimetric metering unit 12 added. The grafting monomer used was maleic anhydride, which was metered in via a metering pump 14 was added. The peroxide used was dicumyl peroxide, which was also gravimetric via a metering unit 16 was dosed. The planetary roller extruder can be placed in the filling zone 20 , Plasticizing and homogenizing zone 22 (in which the planetary rollers run around a central roller), ejection zone 24 and vacuum zone 26 divide with degassing. In the filling zone 20 The wax is melted. Just before the plasticizing and homogenizing zone 24 the other reactants are added and the reactive conversion takes place in the zone 24 and 26 , Optionally remaining residues of the educts are in the vacuum zone 26 away. All named zones 20 ... 26 of the planetary roller extruder 10 are independent of each other via temperature control units 30 ... 40 designed controllable in the temperature profile. About a round nozzle 50 the modified wax is dispensed and by means of a granulator 52 granulated.

Die Versuchsdurchführung erfolgte in mehreren Schritten:
Schritt 1: – Einfüllen des PE-Wachses in das Dosierwerk 12 und Erhitzen auf 140°C
Schritt 2: – Zugabe von 5% Maleinsäureanhydrid über die Dosierpumpe 14 (auf 95°C vorgewärmt)
Schritt 3: – Zugabe von 1% Dicumylperoxid über das Dosierwerk 16 in die Schmelze und Durchmischen
Schritt 4: – schnelles Erwärmen auf 190°C in der Zone 22 (Zerfallstemperatur des Initiators)
Schritt 5: – nach ca. 60 s schnelles Abkühlen auf 180°C in der Zone 24
Schritt 6: – 5 min bei 180°C in der Zone 24 weiter mischen
Schritt 7: – Entfernung von nicht umgesetztem Maleinsäureanhydrid in der Vakuumzone 26
Schritt 8: – Abkühlen und GranulierenThe experiment was carried out in several steps:
Step 1: - Fill the PE wax into the dosing unit 12 and heating to 140 ° C
Step 2: Add 5% maleic anhydride via the dosing pump 14 (preheated to 95 ° C)
Step 3: Add 1% dicumyl peroxide via the dosing unit 16 into the melt and mixing
Step 4: - fast heating to 190 ° C in the zone 22 (Decomposition temperature of the initiator)
Step 5: - after approx. 60 s cool down to 180 ° C in the zone 24
Step 6: - 5 min at 180 ° C in the zone 24 continue mixing
Step 7: Removal of unreacted maleic anhydride in the vacuum zone 26
Step 8: - Cool and granulate

Während der Reaktion war keine signifikante Druckveränderung zu verzeichnen, d. h. die Viskosität des Wachses blieb gleich. Somit konnten unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen wie Vernetzung und Abbau minimiert oder vermieden werden.There was no significant pressure change during the reaction, i. H. the viscosity of the wax remained the same. Thus, unwanted side reactions such as crosslinking and degradation could be minimized or avoided.

Zur Kontrolle des Reaktionserfolges wurde die Oberflächenspannung des modifizierten Materials geprüft. Dazu wurden Wachsproben zu Plättchen verpresst. Das unmodifizierte Ausgangsmaterial zeigte im Kontakt mit Wasser die für hydrophobe Materialien typische Kugelform des Wassertropfens ohne Spreitung. Bei den Plättchen aus modifiziertem Wachs hingegen war eine deutliche Spreitung zu erkennen, die für hydrophobe Materialien typische Kugelform des Tropfens war nicht mehr gegeben. Eine Überprüfung mit Testtinten zeigte Oberflächenspannungen bis zu 44 mN/m.To control the reaction success, the surface tension of the modified material was tested. For this purpose, wax samples were pressed into platelets. The unmodified starting material showed in contact with water the spherical shape of the water droplet without spreading, which is typical for hydrophobic materials. In the case of the modified wax platelets, on the other hand, a clear spread was discernible, and the spherical shape of the droplet typical of hydrophobic materials no longer existed. A test with test inks showed surface tensions up to 44 mN / m.

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • EP 2101983 A2 [0011] EP 2101983 A2 [0011]
  • DE 10252202 A1 [0011] DE 10252202 A1 [0011]
  • DE 10356423 A1 [0011] DE 10356423 A1 [0011]
  • DE 10142890 A1 [0011] DE 10142890 A1 [0011]
  • DE 102007041486 A1 [0011] DE 102007041486 A1 [0011]
  • DE 10054854 B4 [0011] DE 10054854 B4 [0011]
  • DE 102006002176 A1 [0011] DE 102006002176 A1 [0011]
  • DE 102006001171 A1 [0011] DE 102006001171 A1 [0011]
  • DE 102007040645 A1 [0011] DE 102007040645 A1 [0011]
  • DE 19812889 B4 [0011] DE 19812889 B4 [0011]
  • DE 19807089 A1 [0011] DE 19807089 A1 [0011]
  • EP 1454734 B1 [0011] EP 1454734 B1 [0011]
  • DE 19856235 A1 [0011] DE 19856235 A1 [0011]

Claims (7)

Reaktives Extrusionsverfahren zur chemischen Modifizierung von alkylgruppenhaltigen Polymeren oder Wachsen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Extrusionsverfahren in einem Planetwalzen-Extruder ausgeführt wird.Reactive extrusion process for the chemical modification of alkyl group-containing polymers or waxes, characterized in that the extrusion process is carried out in a planetary roller extruder. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die chemische Modifizierung eine Propfreaktion ist, bei der polare funktionelle Gruppen an die Alkylgruppe des Polymers oder Wachses gekoppelt werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical modification is a grafting reaction in which polar functional groups are coupled to the alkyl group of the polymer or wax. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die chemische Modifizierung eine radikalisch initiierte Propfreaktion von Maleinsäureanhydrid oder Maleinsäurediethylester ist.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the chemical modification is a free-radically initiated grafting reaction of maleic anhydride or diethyl maleate. Verfahren nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Planetwalzen-Extruder eine Temperiereinheit umfasst, mit der eine Temperatur der Zentral- und/oder Planetenschnecken des Planetwalzen-Extruders während der chemischen Modifizierung eingestellt werden kann.Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the planetary roller extruder comprises a temperature control unit with which a temperature of the central and / or planetary screws of the planetary roller extruder can be adjusted during the chemical modification. Alkylgruppenhaltige Polymere oder Wachse erhalten nach einem Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4.Alkyl group-containing polymers or waxes obtained by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Verwendung von alkylgruppenhaltigen Polymeren gemäß Anspruch 5 zur Herstellung von Formartikeln, Compound/Blends, Composites, Verträglichkeitsvermittlern oder Klebern.Use of alkyl group-containing polymers according to claim 5 for the production of molded articles, compound / blends, composites, compatibilizers or adhesives. Verwendung von alkylgruppenhaltigen Wachsen gemäß Anspruch 5 zur Herstellung von Farben, Lacken, Beschichtungen, Klebern oder Verträglichkeitsvermittlern.Use of alkyl group-containing waxes according to claim 5 for the production of paints, lacquers, coatings, adhesives or compatibilizers.
DE102010030706A 2010-06-30 2010-06-30 Reactive extrusion method for chemical modification of alkyl groups containing polymers or waxes, comprises carrying out extrusion method in a planetary roller extruder Withdrawn DE102010030706A1 (en)

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EP2101983A2 (en) 2006-11-15 2009-09-23 Entex Rust & Mitschke GmbH Mixture of plastic with wood particles
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DE102012222262A1 (en) * 2012-12-04 2014-06-05 Mhm Holding Gmbh Preparing a wax paste, comprises providing a wax or a mixture of two waxes, mixing the wax, a solvent and/or binder and optionally additive(s) at a predetermined temperature, and cooling the mixture
WO2017001048A1 (en) 2015-07-02 2017-01-05 Entex Rust & Mitschke Gmbh Method for processing products in the extruder
DE102015008406A1 (en) 2015-07-02 2017-04-13 Entex Rust & Mitschke Gmbh Process for processing products in the extruder
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CN107889478B (en) * 2015-07-02 2020-09-15 恩特克斯拉斯特及米施克有限责任公司 Process for processing natural rubber and non-thermoplastic elastomers
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