DE102008040813A1 - Method for non-destructive testing of plastic welding seam, involves detecting reflected or led-through test radiation by detector, and utilizing terahertz radiation of specific wavelength range as test radiation - Google Patents
Method for non-destructive testing of plastic welding seam, involves detecting reflected or led-through test radiation by detector, and utilizing terahertz radiation of specific wavelength range as test radiation Download PDFInfo
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- DE102008040813A1 DE102008040813A1 DE102008040813A DE102008040813A DE102008040813A1 DE 102008040813 A1 DE102008040813 A1 DE 102008040813A1 DE 102008040813 A DE102008040813 A DE 102008040813A DE 102008040813 A DE102008040813 A DE 102008040813A DE 102008040813 A1 DE102008040813 A1 DE 102008040813A1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000004023 plastic welding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001303 quality assessment method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012372 quality testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/324—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
- B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8253—Testing the joint by the use of waves or particle radiation, e.g. visual examination, scanning electron microscopy, or X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3581—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
- B29C65/1425—Microwave radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8292—Testing the joint by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
- B29K2309/08—Glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/002—Coloured
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/0026—Transparent
- B29K2995/0027—Transparent for light outside the visible spectrum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/004—Semi-crystalline
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum zerstörungsfreien Prüfen einer Kunststoffschweißnaht gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, sowie eine Prüfvorrichtung zum Prüfen einer Kunststoffschweißnaht gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 7.The The invention relates to a method for nondestructive Testing a plastic weld according to The preamble of claim 1, as well as a testing device for testing a plastic weld according to Preamble of claim 7.
Das Laserdurchstrahlschweißen von Kunststoffen hat sich zum Fügen von Kunststoffteilen etabliert. Um mindestens zwei Kunststoffteile miteinander durch Laserdurchstrahlschweißen zu verbinden, wird die natürliche Eigenschaft vieler Kunststoffe, bei bestimmten Wellenlängen transparent für Laserlicht zu sein, ausgenutzt. Durch entsprechende Compoundierung mit geeigneten Füllstoffen, wie beispielsweise Ruß oder Farbpigmenten, die die Laserwellenlänge absorbieren, kann der an sich lasertransparente Kunststoff auch laserabsorbierend hergestellt werden. Das Prinzip des Laserdurchstrahlschweißens beruht darauf, mindestens einen lasertransparenten und mindestens einen laserabsorbierenden Fügepartner zu kombinieren, sodass ein Laserstrahl durch den transparenten Fügepartner hindurchdringen und in dem danebenliegenden, absorbierenden Fügepartner eine Erwärmung bzw. Aufschmelzung verursachen kann. Durch eine geeignete Spanntechnik, die für einen unmittelbaren Kontakt der beiden Fügepartner sorgt, wird mittels Wärmeleitung auch der transparente Fügepartner aufgeschmolzen, sodass in der Folge eine feste und dichte Schweißverbindung der beiden Fügepartner resultiert.The Laser transmission welding of plastics has become the Joining of plastic parts established. At least two Plastic parts together by laser transmission welding the natural property of many plastics, transparent to laser light at certain wavelengths to be exploited. By appropriate compounding with suitable Fillers, such as carbon black or colored pigments, which absorb the laser wavelength, the per se Laser-transparent plastic also produced laser-absorbing become. The principle of laser transmission welding is based on it, at least one laser-transparent and at least one laser-absorbing joining partners to combine, so a laser beam penetrate through the transparent joining partner and in the adjacent absorbent joining partner can cause a warming or melting. By a suitable clamping technique for an immediate Contact of the two joining partners ensures, is by means of heat conduction also the transparent joining partner is melted, so that in the result is a firm and tight weld of the two Joint partner results.
Zur Kontrolle der Qualität der Schweißverbindung stehen derzeit invasive Methoden wie Schliff- und Zugversuch oder zeit- und kostenaufwändige Computertomographieverfahren zur Verfügung. Ferner sind Dichtheitsprüfungen der verschweißten Fügepartner bekannt, wobei derartige Verfahren nur schwer in eine Fertigungslinie zu integrieren sind.to Check the quality of the welded joint currently invasive methods such as grinding and tensile testing or timely and costly computed tomography methods available. Further are leak tests of the welded joining partners known, such methods are difficult in a production line to be integrated.
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Bei der Prüfung der Schweißnaht mit Licht im sichtbaren Bereich oder im nahen Infrarotbereich kommt es zu einer starken Streuung des Prüflichts in der lasertransparenten Schicht, welche im Automotive-Bereich in der Regel aus teilkristallinen, meist glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen besteht. Dadurch wird die Ortsauflösung derart verringert, dass lediglich Defekte (Ungänze) ab etwa 0,5 mm erkannt werden können. Die Prüfung mit Licht im sichtbaren Bereich oder im nahen Infrarotbereich ist darüber hinaus nur im Reflektionsverfahren möglich, da das laserabsorbierende Material meistens auch im sichtbaren Bereich stark absorbiert.at checking the weld with light in the visible Range or in the near infrared range, it comes to a strong Scattering of the test light in the laser-transparent layer, which in the automotive sector usually consists of semi-crystalline, usually glass fiber reinforced plastics. This will the spatial resolution is reduced so that only defects (Discontinuous) can be detected from about 0.5 mm. The test with light in the visible range or in the near Infrared range is beyond that only in the reflection method possible, since the laser-absorbing material usually also strongly absorbed in the visible range.
Die Problematik der Schweißnahtprüfung besteht nicht nur beim vorgenannten Laserdurchstrahlschweißen, sondern auch im Hinblick auf andere Schweißverfahren, wie Ultraschallschweißen, Vibrationsschweißen, Heizelementschweißen, Orbitalschweißen, Reibschweißen oder Mikrowellenschweißen. Insbesondere bei derartigen Schweißverfahren werden, im Automotive- und Elektrowerkzeugbereich überwiegend schwarze, grüne oder blaue Kunststoffe verarbeitet, die Prüflicht im sichtbaren und nahen Infrarotbereich wegen der eingearbeiteten Farbmittel stark absorbieren. Im Haushaltswarenbereich, bei dem überwiegend weiße oder silberne Kunststoffe verarbeitet werden, wird sichtbares Prüflicht oder Prüflicht im nahen Infrarotbereich wegen der eingearbeiteten (weißen) Pigmente stark gestreut.The Problem of weld inspection does not exist only in the aforementioned laser transmission welding, but also with regard to other welding methods, such as ultrasonic welding, Vibration welding, heating element welding, orbital welding, Friction welding or microwave welding. Especially In such welding processes, in the automotive industry and power tool area predominantly black, green or blue plastics processed, the test light in the visible and near infrared because of the incorporated colorants strong absorb. In the household goods sector, in which predominantly white or silver plastics will be processed visible test light or test light in the near infrared range because of the incorporated (white) pigments strongly scattered.
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dem Artikel
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Technische Aufgabe Technical task
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Prüfverfahren für Kunststoffschweißnähte, insbesondere für mittels Laserdurchstrahlschweißen hergestellte Kunststoffschweißnähte, vorzuschlagen mit dem zuverlässig Defekte unter 0,5 mm erkannt werden können. Insbesondere soll das Prüfverfahren auch bei farbigen oder weißen Kunststoffen einsetzbar sein. Bevorzugt soll das Prüfverfahren für den Menschen keine gesundheitlichen Nachteile mit sich bringen. Ferner besteht die Aufgabe darin, eine Prüfvorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens vorzuschlagen.Of the Invention is based on the object, a test method for plastic welds, in particular for produced by laser transmission welding Plastic welds, suggest with the reliable defects below 0.5 mm can be detected. In particular, the test method should also be used with colored or be used in white plastics. Preferably that should Test methods for humans no health Disadvantages. Furthermore, the task is a Test device for carrying out such Propose procedure.
Technische LösungTechnical solution
Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Prüfverfahrens mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und hinsichtlich der Prüfvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. In den Rahmen der Erfindung fallen sämtliche Kombinationen aus zumindest zwei von in der Beschreibung, den Ansprüchen und/oder den Figuren offenbarten Merkmalen.These Task becomes with regard to the test procedure with the characteristics of claim 1 and in terms of the testing device with the features of claim 7 solved. Advantageous developments The invention are specified in the subclaims. In the scope of the invention covers all combinations at least two of in the description, the claims and / or features disclosed in the figures.
Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, zur Prüfung der Güte einer Kunststoffschweißnaht Terahertzstrahlen, vorzugsweise aus einem Wellenlängenbereich zwischen etwa 0,1 THz und etwa 10 THz, einzusetzen. Dabei können grundsätzlich alle Messanordnungen realisiert werden, wie sie im Stand der Technik bei der Ultraschallschweißnahtprüfung oder der Röntgenschweißnahtprüfung zum Einsatz kommen. So kann die Güteprüfung von Kunststoffschweißnähten mittels Terahertzstrahlung beispielsweise in einer Durchstrahlanordnung und/oder in einer Reflektionsanordnung durchgeführt werden. Lufteinschlüsse und sonstige Fehler in der Schweißnaht führen zum Teil zu abweichenden Laufzeiten der Terahertzstrahlung zu einer Veränderung des Transmissionsgrades. Diese Effekte werden zur Ungänzenprüfung ausgenutzt. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des Einsatzes von Terahertzstrahlung besteht darin, dass mit dieser aufgrund des Wellenlängenbereichs bereits geringste Defekte (Ungänzen) sicher erkannt werden können. Darüber hinaus ist Terahertzstrahlung, im Gegensatz zu Röntgenstrahlung, nach dem aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft für den Menschen unbedenklich. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil von Terahertzstrahlung ist es, dass eine Vielzahl von Kunststoffen für diese transparent sind.The invention is based on the idea to test the quality of a plastic weld terahertz rays, preferably from a wavelength range between about 0.1 THz and about 10 THz use. Basically, all measuring arrangements can be realized, as they are used in the prior art in ultrasonic welding seam inspection or X-ray weld inspection. Thus, the quality testing of plastic welds by means of terahertz radiation can be carried out, for example, in a transmission arrangement and / or in a reflection arrangement. Air inclusions and other defects in the weld lead in part to deviating durations of the terahertz radiation to a change in the transmittance. These effects are exploited for discontinuity testing. A significant advantage of the use of terahertz radiation is that with this due to the wavelength range even the slightest defects (discontinuities) can be reliably detected. In addition, terahertz radiation, unlike x-rays, is safe for humans according to the current state of science. Another significant advantage of terahertz radiation is that a variety of plastics are transparent to them.
Bei der Güteprüfung einer Kunststoffschweißnaht zwischen zwei Kunststoffteilen, von denen bevorzugt zumindest eines mit Farbmitteln versehen ist, können Schwachstellen, wie Porositäten, in der Schweißnaht durch eine Messung der Durchlaufzeit und/oder Intensitätsmessung der Terahertzstrahlung durch die Schweißnaht bzw. die Fügepartner erkannt werden. Die mit bekannten Dichtheitstests häufig nicht detektierbare Porenbildung kann bei ungleichem Transmissionsgrad bezüglich der im Schweißprozess eingesetzten Laserstrahlen, der Fügeteile auftreten, aufgrund dessen es zu einem ungleichmäßigen Energieeintrag und damit zu einer lokalen Überhitzung in der Schweißnaht kommen kann. Derartige Schwachstellen könnten, falls diese nicht erkannt werden, zu Undichtigkeiten und zu Korrosion von Einlegeteilen führen.at the quality control of a plastic weld between two plastic parts, of which preferably at least one is provided with colorants, weak points, such as Porosities, in the weld by a measurement the transit time and / or intensity measurement of terahertz radiation recognized by the weld or the joining partners become. Those with known tightness tests often do not detectable pore formation can occur with uneven degree of transmission with regard to the laser beams used in the welding process, the joining parts occur, due to which it is uneven Energy input and thus to a local overheating in the weld can come. Such vulnerabilities could if they are not detected, leaks and corrosion lead from inserts.
Für den Fall, dass die zu überprüfenden Kunststofffügeteile, insbesondere in Form eines Kunststoffgehäuses, einen metallischen Werkstoff enthalten, ist es vorteilhaft, die Fügeverbindung mit mehreren Aufnahmen aus unterschiedlichen Richtungen zu überprüfen, da metallische Werkstoffe für Terahertzstrahlung nicht transparent sind.For the case that the plastic parts to be tested, in particular in the form of a plastic housing, a metallic Contain material, it is advantageous to the joint connection with multiple shots from different directions, because metallic materials are not suitable for terahertz radiation are transparent.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass das Terahertz-Prüfverfahren als bildgebendes Verfahren ausgebildet ist. So kann beispielsweise bei einer Reflektionsanordnung (Impuls-Echo-Verfahren) der Weg bis zu einem Lunker, Einschluss, Riss, etc. durch die Messung der vergangenen Zeit zwischen Senden und Empfangen eines Terahertzimpulses berechnet werden. Anhand der gemessenen Zeitdifferenz wird dann ein Signalbild erzeugt und bevorzugt auf einem Monitor sichtbar gemacht. Anhand dieses Bildes kann die Lage und die Größe des Fehlers (Ungänze), beispielsweise durch den Vergleich mit einem Ersatzreflektor, abgeschätzt werden. Auch bei einer Durchstrahlanordnung kann in an sich bekannter Weise ein Bild erzeugt werden, d. h. das Messergebnis bildlich dargestellt werden.In Development of the invention is provided with advantage that the Terahertz test method designed as an imaging method is. For example, in a reflection arrangement (pulse-echo method) the way to a blowhole, inclusion, crack, etc. by the measurement the past time between sending and receiving a terahertz pulse be calculated. Based on the measured time difference is then generates a signal image and preferably visible on a monitor made. Based on this image, the location and size the error (discontinuity), for example, through the comparison with a replacement reflector, are estimated. Also at a Durchstrahlanordnung can in a conventional manner an image be generated, d. H. the measurement result can be visualized.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass die Güte der Kunststoffschweißnaht automatisch, vorzugsweise auf Basis von Bildverarbeitungsmethoden, bewertet wird. Diese Art der Gütebewertung bzw. eine derartige Ausbildung des Verfahrens eignet sich hervorragend für Inline-Messungen in einer Fertigungslinie.In Development of the invention is provided with advantage that the Goodness of the plastic weld automatically, preferably based on image processing methods. This kind the quality assessment or such a design of the method is great for inline measurements in one Production line.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der zumindest eines der miteinander verschweißten Kunststoffteile Rußpartikel und/oder Farbpigmente umfasst, die eine hinreichend genaue Güteprüfung mit sichtbarem Prüflicht oder mit Prüflicht aus dem nahen Infrarotbereich verhindern. Zusätzlich oder alternativ ist es vorteilhaft, wenn zumindest eines der miteinander verschweißten Kunststoffteile, zumindest abschnittsweise, vorzugsweise vollständig, aus einem thermoplastischen Material ausgebildet ist, da Thermoplasten in der Regel transparent für Terahertzstrahlung sind.All Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which at least one of the welded plastic parts soot particles and / or color pigments, which provides a sufficiently accurate quality control with visible test light or with test light off prevent the near infrared range. Additionally or alternatively it is advantageous if at least one of the welded together Plastic parts, at least in sections, preferably completely, is formed from a thermoplastic material, since thermoplastics usually transparent to terahertz radiation.
Wie zuvor bereits angedeutet, ist eine Ausführungsform des Verfahrens besonders bevorzugt, bei der das Verfahren inline in einer Fertigungslinie, insbesondere in einer Schweißlinie, durchgeführt wird. Hierfür ist es von besonderem Vorteil, wenn die Schweißnahtgüteprüfung automatisch erfolgt, insbesondere durch den Einsatz von Bildverarbeitungsmethoden.As previously indicated, is an embodiment of the Method particularly preferred, in which the method inline in a production line, in particular in a welding line, is carried out. For this it is of special Advantage, if the weld inspection automatically, in particular through the use of image processing methods.
Die Erfindung führt auch auf eine Prüfvorrichtung, insbesondere zum Durchführen eines zuvor beschriebenen Prüfverfahrens für Kunststoffschweißnähte. Die Prüfvorrichtung dient zur Güteprüfung einer Schweißnaht, insbesondere einer durch Laserdurchstrahlschweißen erzeugten Kunststoffschweißnaht. Jedoch ist die vorgeschlagene Schweißnaht-Prüfung auch bei mit anderen Schweißverfahren hergestellten Kunststoffnähten möglich, insbesondere bei durch Vibrationsschweißen und Ultraschallschweißen an Kraftstofffiltern und an Luftmassensensoren hergestellten Kunststoffschweißnähten und bei durch Reibverschweißen an Kraftstoffverteilern erzeugten Schweißnähten.The Invention also leads to a testing device, in particular for carrying out a previously described Test method for plastic welds. The tester is used for quality control a weld, in particular one by laser transmission welding produced plastic weld. However, the proposed one is Weld seam inspection also with other welding methods produced plastic seams possible, in particular by vibration welding and ultrasonic welding on plastic filters and air mass sensors produced plastic welds and produced by friction welding to fuel rail Welds.
Eine nach dem Konzept der Erfindung ausgebildete Prüfvorrichtung zeichnet sich durch mindestens einen Terahertzstrahler und mindestens einen Terahertzdetektor aus, wobei beide bevorzugt jeweils mindestens eine photoleitende Dipolantenne aufweisen. Dabei können Prüfstrahler und Detektor beispielsweise in einer Reflektionsanordnung oder einer Durchstrahlanordnung angeordnet werden. Im Falle der Realisierung einer Reflektionsanordnung ist eine Ausführungsform bevorzugt, bei der der Terahertzprüfstrahler und der Terahertzdetektor in einem gemeinsamen Prüfkopf angeordnet sind.A testing device designed according to the concept of the invention is characterized by at least one terahertz radiator and at least one terahertz detector, both preferably each having at least one photoconductive dipole antenna. In doing so, test lamps and detector can be used For example, be arranged in a reflection arrangement or a Durchstrahlanordnung. In the case of the realization of a reflection arrangement, an embodiment is preferred in which the terahertz test emitter and the terahertz detector are arranged in a common test head.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass bilderzeugende Signalverarbeitungsmittel vorgesehen sind, mit denen auf Basis einer Durchstrahlmessung und/oder Reflektionsmessung Ungänzen bildlich dargestellt werden können.In Development of the invention is advantageously provided that image-forming Signal processing means are provided, with which on the basis of a Radiation measurement and / or reflection measurement Unsound can be depicted.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Prüfvorrichtung Auswertemittel umfasst, mit denen die Güte der Kunststoffschweißnaht automatisch bewertet werden kann. Durch den Einsatz derartiger Auswertemittel kann die Prüfvorrichtung als Inline-Prüfvorrichtung in Fertigungslinien eingesetzt werden.All it is particularly preferred if the test device evaluating means includes, with which the quality of the plastic weld can be automatically evaluated. Through the use of such evaluation means The test device can be used as an in-line tester used in production lines.
Ferner führt die Erfindung auf eine Verwendung von Terahertzstrahlung zur Schweißnahtgüteprüfung. Durch den Einsatz von Terahertzstrahlung zur Schweißnahtgüteprüfung können Ungänzen von weniger als 0,5 mm, auch bei farbigen Kunststoffen, insbesondere Thermoplasten, sicher erfasst werden. Darüber hinaus ist Teraherzstrahlung im Vergleich zu aus dem Stand der Technik bekannter Röntgenstrahlung für den menschlichen Organismus ungefährlich.Further the invention leads to a use of terahertz radiation for weld quality inspection. By the Use of terahertz radiation for weld quality inspection may have discontinuities of less than 0.5mm, even at colored plastics, especially thermoplastics, safely detected become. In addition, terahertz radiation is in comparison to X-ray radiation known from the prior art harmless to the human organism.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnungen. Diese zeigen in:Further Advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent the following description of preferred embodiments as well as from the drawings. These show in:
Ausführungsformen der Erfindungembodiments the invention
In den Figuren sind gleiche Elemente und Elemente mit der gleichen Funktion mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet.In The figures are the same elements and elements with the same Function marked with the same reference numerals.
In
Zum
Prüfen der Güte der Schweißnaht
In
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- - EP 130560 A1 [0004] EP 130560 A1 [0004]
- - DE 10121923 C3 [0004] - DE 10121923 C3 [0004]
Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature
- - „Ein weißer Fleck macht Karriere” (Autorin: Monika Weiner), auf den Seiten 20 und 21 des Fraunhofer-Magazins Nr. 4, 2005 [0007] - "A White Spot Makes a Career" (author: Monika Weiner), on pages 20 and 21 of the Fraunhofer magazine No. 4, 2005 [0007]
- - „Der Terahertzblick” (Autoren Wietzke, Rutz, Koch), auf den Seiten 52 bis 56 der Zeitschrift Kunststoffe Nr. 5, 2007 [0007] - "The Terahertzblick" (authors Wietzke, Rutz, Koch), on pages 52 to 56 of the journal Kunststoffe Nr. 5, 2007 [0007]
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
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DE102008040813A DE102008040813A1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2008-07-29 | Method for non-destructive testing of plastic welding seam, involves detecting reflected or led-through test radiation by detector, and utilizing terahertz radiation of specific wavelength range as test radiation |
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DE102008040813A DE102008040813A1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2008-07-29 | Method for non-destructive testing of plastic welding seam, involves detecting reflected or led-through test radiation by detector, and utilizing terahertz radiation of specific wavelength range as test radiation |
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DE102008040813A1 true DE102008040813A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
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CN102830439A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 上海欧达电气成套设备工程有限公司 | Welded seam detection device and detection method |
DE102011079739A1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Lpkf Laser & Electronics Ag | Device and method for carrying out and monitoring a plastic laser transmission welding process |
DE102015216205A1 (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-02 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Method for producing a plug connection, method for reinforcing a plug connection and device |
KR102161971B1 (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-10-07 | 주식회사 베이스스톤홀딩스 | Apparatus for laser welding of plastic specimens |
CN111950351A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-11-17 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Agricultural machinery strain early diagnosis inspection system based on terahertz and visible light |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102830439A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 上海欧达电气成套设备工程有限公司 | Welded seam detection device and detection method |
DE102011079739A1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Lpkf Laser & Electronics Ag | Device and method for carrying out and monitoring a plastic laser transmission welding process |
US9610729B2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2017-04-04 | Lpkf Laser & Electronics Ag | Device and method for performing and monitoring a plastic laser transmission welding process |
DE102015216205A1 (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-02 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Method for producing a plug connection, method for reinforcing a plug connection and device |
US10892589B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2021-01-12 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Method for producing a plug connector, method for amplifying a plug connector and device |
KR102161971B1 (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-10-07 | 주식회사 베이스스톤홀딩스 | Apparatus for laser welding of plastic specimens |
CN111950351A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-11-17 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Agricultural machinery strain early diagnosis inspection system based on terahertz and visible light |
CN111950351B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2024-03-08 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Agricultural machinery strain early diagnosis inspection system based on terahertz and visible light |
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