DE102008016862C5 - extruder - Google Patents
extruder Download PDFInfo
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- DE102008016862C5 DE102008016862C5 DE102008016862.9A DE102008016862A DE102008016862C5 DE 102008016862 C5 DE102008016862 C5 DE 102008016862C5 DE 102008016862 A DE102008016862 A DE 102008016862A DE 102008016862 C5 DE102008016862 C5 DE 102008016862C5
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- extruder
- conveying
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- wall
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
- B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
- B29B7/485—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with three or more shafts provided with screws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
- B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
- B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
- B29B7/489—Screws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/251—Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments
- B29C48/2517—Design of extruder parts, e.g. by modelling based on mathematical theories or experiments of intermeshing screws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/27—Cleaning; Purging; Avoiding contamination
- B29C48/2715—Cleaning; Purging; Avoiding contamination of plasticising units
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/507—Screws characterised by the material or their manufacturing process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/67—Screws having incorporated mixing devices not provided for in groups B29C48/52 - B29C48/66
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/425—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders using three or more screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/425—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders using three or more screws
- B29C48/43—Ring extruders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/435—Sub-screws
Abstract
Extruder mit einem Gehäuse mit wenigstens zwei gleichsinnig antreibbaren achsparallelen Wellen, die mit wenigstens zweigängigen Förderelementen (2, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43...) versehen sind, wobei in jedem zu den Wellen senkrechten Querschnitt miteinander kämmende Förderelemente (2, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43 ...) sich gegenseitig im Achsabstand (Ax) mit geringem Spiel am ganzen Umfang abstreifen, der Kamm (5, 5') des ersten Ganges die Innenwand (1) des Gehäuses sowie die Flanke und den Kern des korrespondierenden Förderelements (2, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43...) im Wesentlichen dicht abstreift und zwischen dem Kamm (6, 6') des wenigstens einen weiteren Ganges und der Innenwand (1) des Gehäuses ein Abstand (a) besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Förderelement (2, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43...) wenigstens zwei im Winkel verdrehte Förderabschnitte (3, 4; 11a bis 11f, 12a bis 12f; 21a bis 21e, 22a bis 22e; 31a bis 31e, 32a bis 32e; 41a bis 41e) aufweist, wobei jeder Förderabschnitt (3, 4; 11a bis 11f, 12a bis 12f; 21a bis 21e, 22a bis 22e; 31a bis 31e, 32a bis 32e; 41a bis 41e) eine axiale Länge (Ls) aufweist, die höchstens dem Außendurchmesser (Da) des Förderelements (2,11,12, 21, 22, 31, 32,41, 42, 43...) entspricht, wobei der Verdrehwinkel von einem Förderabschnitt (3, 4; 11a bis 11f, 12a bis 12f; 21a bis 21e, 22a bis 22e; 31a bis 31e, 32a bis 32e; 41a bis 41e) zum nächsten Förderabschnitt 360°/Gangzahl ist.Extruder with a housing with at least two axially parallel shafts which can be driven in the same direction and which are provided with at least two-start conveying elements (2, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43 ...), each in relation to the shafts vertical cross-section intermeshing conveying elements (2, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43 ...) wipe each other in the center distance (Ax) with little play on the entire circumference, the comb (5, 5 ') of the first gear strips the inner wall (1) of the housing and the flank and core of the corresponding conveying element (2, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43 ...) essentially tightly and There is a distance (a) between the comb (6, 6 ') of the at least one further gear and the inner wall (1) of the housing, characterized in that the conveying element (2, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43 ...) at least two conveyor sections twisted at an angle (3, 4; 11a to 11f, 12a to 12f; 21a to 21e, 22a to 22e; 31a to 31e, 32a to 32e; 41a bi s 41e), each conveyor section (3, 4; 11a to 11f, 12a to 12f; 21a to 21e, 22a to 22e; 31a to 31e, 32a to 32e; 41a to 41e) has an axial length (Ls) which corresponds at most to the outer diameter (Da) of the conveying element (2, 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43 ...), the angle of rotation from one conveyor section (3, 4; 11a to 11f, 12a to 12f; 21a to 21e, 22a to 22e; 31a to 31e, 32a to 32e; 41a to 41e) to the next conveyor section is 360 ° / number of gears.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Zwei- oder Mehrwellen-Extruder nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a two- or multi-shaft extruder according to the preamble of
Zwei- oder Mehrwellen-Extruder mit gleichsinnig antreibbaren Wellen weisen im Wesentlichen dichtkämmende Förderschnecken sowie Misch-, Knet- und Förderabschnitte auf. Geeignete Bauelemente in der benötigten Vielfalt werden zwecks einfacher Anpassung von Geometrie und Werkstoff an die verschiedenen Verfahrensaufgaben meist auf die Tragwellen drehfest aufsteckbar ausgeführt.Twin or multi-shaft extruders with shafts that can be driven in the same direction essentially have tightly intermeshing screw conveyors as well as mixing, kneading and conveying sections. Suitable components in the required variety are usually designed to be non-rotatably attachable to the supporting shafts for the purpose of simply adapting the geometry and material to the various process tasks.
Um die nötige Flexibilität mit den hohen Ansprüchen an Wirtschaftlichkeit und Sicherheit in Einklang zu bringen, sind geometrische Einschränkungen, wie z.B. nur eine oder wenige Elementlängen und/oder gleiche Montageposition an den Enden, notwendig. Dies beschränkt die nötigen Schneckensteigungen, Elementtypen und/oder Baulängen wesentlich. Um die erforderliche Anpassungsfähigkeit bei den Elementen zu erreichen, müssen nur die Endpositionen und/oder Längen eingehalten werden, sodass die geometrischen Verhältnisse dazwischen, wie Steigung und Versatzwinkel, stufenlos oder in Stufen frei nach verfahrenstechnischen Gesichtspunkten wählbar werden. Effektivität und die Art des Energieübergangs von den Förderstrukturen in das Produkt beeinflussen beim Produktdurchlauf sowohl die Produkttemperatur als auch dessen Qualität. Um pulverförmige Feststoffe mit viskosen Stoffen zu benetzen und darin zu verteilen und/oder zu zerteilen, sind Scherströmungen und noch besser Dehnströmungen im hochviskosen Stoff zu generieren.In order to reconcile the necessary flexibility with the high demands on economy and safety, there are geometric restrictions, e.g. only one or a few element lengths and / or the same assembly position at the ends, necessary. This considerably limits the screw pitches, element types and / or lengths required. In order to achieve the required adaptability for the elements, only the end positions and / or lengths have to be observed, so that the geometric relationships between them, such as pitch and offset angle, can be selected continuously or in steps according to procedural aspects. Effectiveness and the type of energy transfer from the conveyor structures into the product influence both the product temperature and its quality during product flow. In order to wet powdery solids with viscous substances and to distribute and / or break them up, shear currents and even better expansion currents have to be generated in the highly viscous substance.
In der
Aus der
Die Homogenisierung und Dispergierung der Feststoffe in einer viskosen Matrix, die mit den bekannten Extrudern erzielbar ist, lässt jedoch noch zu wünschen übrig. Dies gilt insbesondere für Feststoffe mit einer Teilchengröße im µm-Bereich.However, the homogenization and dispersion of the solids in a viscous matrix, which can be achieved with the known extruders, still leaves something to be desired. This applies in particular to solids with a particle size in the µm range.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen uneingeschränkt selbstreinigenden Mehrwellen-Extruder zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dem die Produktqualität wesentlich und effektiv verbessert wird.The object of the invention is to provide an unrestricted, self-cleaning multi-screw extruder, with which the product quality is significantly and effectively improved.
Dies wird erfindungsgemäß mit dem Extruder nach dem Anspruch 1 erreicht. In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung wiedergegeben.This is achieved according to the invention with the extruder according to
Erfindungsgemäß werden wenigstens zweigängige Förderelemente verwendet, die im Profilquerschnitt, also im senkrechten Querschnitt zur Welle aus Kreisbögen bestehen, wobei miteinander kämmende Förderelemente sich im Wesentlichen am ganzen Umfang gegenseitig dicht abstreifen. Neben zweigängigen werden insbesondere auch dreigängige Förderelemente verwendet.According to the invention, at least two-course conveying elements are used which consist of circular arcs in the profile cross section, that is to say in the perpendicular cross section to the shaft, meshing conveying elements essentially stripping each other tightly over the entire circumference. In addition to two-course, three-course conveyor elements are used in particular.
Dabei streift der Kamm des ersten Gangs die Innenwand des Gehäuses mit geringem Spiel ab, während zwischen dem Kamm des wenigstens einen anderen weiteren Ganges und der Innenwand des Gehäuses ein größerer Abstand besteht. Jedes Förderelement weist wenigstens zwei stufenlos oder in Stufen zueinander versetzte Förderabschnitte auf, wobei vorzugsweise jeder Förderabschnitt eine axiale Länge besitzt, die höchstens dem ganzen, vorzugsweise höchstens dem halben Außendurchmesser des Förderelements, also dem ganzen bzw. halben Innendurchmesser der Gehäuseinnenwand entspricht.The comb of the first gear scrapes the inner wall of the housing with little play, while there is a greater distance between the comb of the at least one other further gear and the inner wall of the housing. Each conveying element has at least two continuously or mutually staggered conveying sections, each conveying section preferably having an axial length which corresponds to at most the entire, preferably at most half the outer diameter of the conveying element, that is to say the entire or half the inner diameter of the housing inner wall.
Damit weist jeder Förderabschnitt im Winkel von 90° bei zweigängigen und 60° bei dreigängigen eine dazu entsprechend große sowie entsprechend kleine Gangtiefe auf. D.h. bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Förderelement folgt einem ersten Kamm mit geringem Spiel zur Gehäuseinnenwand ein zweiter Kamm mit größerem Abstand zur Gehäuseinnenwand und im Winkel dazu je eine entsprechend große Gangtiefe sowie eine kleine Gangtiefe nach einem maximalen Abstand von 1Da oder ½ Da (Da= Außendurchmesser des Förderelements bzw. Innendurchmesser der Gehäuseinnenwand).Thus, each conveyor section has an accordingly large and correspondingly small pitch at an angle of 90 ° for two-course and 60 ° for three-course. That In the conveyor element according to the invention, a first comb with little play to the inner wall of the housing is followed by a second comb with a greater distance from the inner wall of the housing and, at an angle thereto, a correspondingly large pitch and a small pitch after a maximum distance of 1Da or ½ Da (Da = outer diameter of the conveying element or . Inner diameter of the housing inner wall).
Das bedeutet, dass über alle Förderkanäle hinweg in Umfangsrichtung von Kanal zu Kanal mit einer Vervielfachung der Stromteilungen ein großer Stoffaustausch möglich ist, der mit unterschiedlichen und wechselnden Gangtiefen und entsprechenden Kamm/Gehäuse-Spielen sowohl radial als auch axial in gleicher Weise erfolgt und somit der Füllgrad in allen Kanälen gleich groß ist. Durch die ständigen geometrischen Schikanen im Wechsel von Kamm und Gang in kurzer Folge in Umfangs- und axialer Richtung wird eine besonders hohe Dichte an Dehnströmungen erzeugt. Da dies ohne Spitzenbelastungen und damit ohne unerwünschtem Viskositätsabfall in allen Fördergängen im gesamten Querschnitt und über die gesamte Länge des Förderelements erfolgt, erreicht man eine effektivere, schnellere Mischung und bei gleichmäßigerer Homogenisierung eine wesentlich höhere Produktqualität. Dazu tragen wesentlich im Übergang des Produkts von einer Tragwelle auf die nächste zwei scharfe Umlenkungen beim Zwei-Wellen-Extruder und insbesondere 12 Umlenkungen bei einem 6-Wellen-Extruder sowie 24 Umlenkungen bei einem 12-Wellen-Extruder bei, die eine weitere Intensivierung der wirksamen Kräfte im Produkt bewirken.This means that a large mass exchange is possible across all delivery channels in the circumferential direction from channel to channel with a multiplication of the flow divisions, that with different and changing aisle depths and corresponding comb / housing play both radially and axially in the same way and thus the degree of filling is the same in all channels. Due to the constant geometric baffles alternating between ridge and aisle in short succession in the circumferential and axial directions, a particularly high density of expansion flows is generated. Since this takes place without peak loads and thus without an undesirable drop in viscosity in all conveying channels in the entire cross-section and over the entire length of the conveying element, a more effective, faster mixing and, with more uniform homogenization, a substantially higher product quality is achieved. This is largely due to the fact that in the transition of the product from one support shaft to the next two sharp deflections in the two-shaft extruder and in particular 12 deflections in a 6-shaft extruder and 24 deflections in a 12-shaft extruder, which further intensify the effective forces in the product.
Damit werden über die Viskosität der kontinuierlichen Phase wiederholt Zug- und Biegekräfte auf die Dauerfestigkeit der Feststoffagglomerate ausgeübt, was deren Dauerbruch zur Folge hat. Erfindungsgemäß wird daher eine effektive Homogenisierung und Dispergierung des Feststoffs erzielt, und zwar selbst bei Feststoffteilchen mit einer Teilchengröße im µm-Bereich, also weniger als 100 µm, insbesondere weniger als 10 µm.Thus tensile and bending forces are repeatedly exerted on the fatigue strength of the solid agglomerates via the viscosity of the continuous phase, which results in their fatigue failure. According to the invention, therefore, an effective homogenization and dispersion of the solid is achieved, even with solid particles with a particle size in the μm range, that is to say less than 100 μm, in particular less than 10 μm.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Förderelement ist das Produkt also auf ganz kurzer Länge ständig anderen Gangtiefen und Stoffgeschwindigkeiten und damit Dehnungsvorgängen ausgesetzt.With the conveying element according to the invention, the product is therefore constantly exposed to other pitch depths and material speeds and thus stretching processes over a very short length.
Das erfindungsgemäße Förderelement ist vorzugsweise einstückig ausgebildet. Während erfindungsgemäß der Kamm des ersten Ganges die Innenwand des Gehäuses im Wesentlichen dicht abstreift, also nur ein geringes Spiel von beispielsweise weniger als 1, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,5 mm aufweist, entspricht der Abstand des Kamms des wenigstens einen weiteren Ganges des Schneckenelements von der Gehäuseinnenwand vorzugsweise höchstens der halben Gangtiefe des ersten Gangs, vorzugsweise jedoch mehr als 1 mm.The conveyor element according to the invention is preferably formed in one piece. While, according to the invention, the comb of the first gear scrapes the inner wall of the housing essentially tightly, i.e. has only a slight play of, for example, less than 1, preferably less than 0.5 mm, the distance of the comb of the at least one further gear of the screw element corresponds to that Housing inner wall preferably at most half the depth of the first gear, but preferably more than 1 mm.
Die Steigung der Kämme des Förderelements beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 1/3 Da und unendlich. D.h. das erfindungsgemäße Förderelement kann beispielsweise auch als Knetblock ausgebildet sein.The pitch of the combs of the conveying element is preferably between 1/3 Da and infinity. That the conveying element according to the invention can also be designed, for example, as a kneading block.
Die Gangsteigung des Förderelements kann von Förderabschnitt zu Förderabschnitt unterschiedlich sein. Auch kann sich das Verhältnis des Außendurchmessers Da zum Innen- oder Kerndurchmesser Di von Förderabschnitt zu Förderabschnitt ändern.The pitch of the conveyor element can differ from conveyor section to conveyor section. The ratio of the outer diameter Da to the inner or core diameter Di can also change from the conveying section to the conveying section.
Die axiale Länge des Förderelements beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 1Da und sollte 4Da nicht übersteigen, da es bei einer Länge über 4Da schwierig zu handhaben, beispielsweise schwer von der Welle zu lösen ist.The axial length of the conveying element is preferably at least 1Da and should not exceed 4Da, since it is difficult to handle, for example difficult to detach from the shaft if the length is over 4Da.
Der erfindungsgemäße Extruder weist vorzugsweise mindestens drei achsparallele Wellen auf. Die Wellen können dabei in einer geraden, ebenen Fläche angeordnet sein. Statt dessen können auch längs eines Kreises oder Kreisbogens angeordnete Wellen in dem Hohlraum des Extrudergehäuses vorgesehen sein, wobei das Extrudergehäuse an der radial innen- und außenliegenden Seite des Hohlraumes jeweils mit zur Extruderachse parallelen konkaven Kreissegmenten versehen ist, in denen die Schneckenelemente im Wesentlichen dicht geführt sind, wie beispielsweise in
Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Förderelementen kann damit ein Stoffdurchtritt durch den Wellenkranz von einer Seite des Hohlraums zur anderen erfolgen. Bei beispielsweise sechs im Kreis mit gleichem Zentriwinkelabstand angeordneten Wellen wird mit zwölf Umlenkungen des Produkts die Homogenisierung damit wesentlich gesteigert.With the conveying elements according to the invention, a passage of material through the wave ring from one side of the cavity to the other can thus take place. For example, with six shafts arranged in a circle with the same central angular distance, the homogenization is significantly increased with twelve deflections of the product.
Die Gangtiefe des ersten Kammes des erfindungsgemäßen Förderelements kann kleiner sein als die Gangtiefe der übrigen Standard-Förderelemente des Extruders, also der Förderelemente, die mit ihren Kämmen die Innenwand des Gehäuses im Wesentlichen dicht berühren. So kann beispielsweise das Förderelement in der Materialeinfüllzone des Extruders eine besonders große Gangtiefe besitzen. Beispielsweise kann das Verhältnis des Außendurchmessers Da der Förderelemente zum Innendurchmesser Di zwischen 1,25 und 2,3 betragen. Das Verhältnis des Außendurchmessers des Förderelements zum Innendurchmesser ist vorzugsweise in der Einfüllzone des Extruders am größten.The pitch of the first comb of the conveyor element according to the invention can be smaller than the pitch of the other standard conveyor elements of the extruder, that is to say the conveyor elements which, with their combs, touch the inner wall of the housing essentially tightly. For example, the conveying element in the material filling zone of the extruder can have a particularly large pitch. For example, the ratio of the outside diameter Da to the inside diameter Di can be between 1.25 and 2.3. The ratio of the outer diameter of the conveying element to the inner diameter is preferably greatest in the filling zone of the extruder.
Vorzugsweise bildet die Welle und das wenigstens eine erfindungsgemäße Förderelement, das sie trägt, ein einziges Bauteil. Durch die einstückige Ausbildung von Welle und Förderelement kann ein wesentlich höheres Drehmoment übertragen werden. Beispielsweise kann die Welle, einschließlich der Antriebswelle, sowie das Förderelement im Bereich der Einfüllzone, einschließlich der Aufschmelzzone aus einem einzigen Bauteil bestehen.The shaft and the at least one conveying element according to the invention, which carries it, preferably form a single component. Due to the one-piece design of the shaft and conveyor element, a significantly higher torque can be transmitted. For example, the shaft, including the drive shaft, and the conveying element in the area of the filling zone, including the melting zone, can consist of a single component.
Der Einfüllzone kann dabei eine Zone mit einem Förderelement mit einem kleineren Verhältnis von Außendurchmesser zum Innendurchmesser folgen, der wiederum ein Förderelement mit einem größeren Verhältnis von Außen- zu Innendurchmesser folgen kann usw.The filling zone can be followed by a zone with a conveying element with a smaller ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter, which in turn is a conveying element with a larger ratio of outside to inside diameter can follow, etc.
Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:
-
1a und1b jeweils einen Querschnitt durch einen ersten Förderabschnitt und einen zweiten Förderabschnitt eines Förderelements; -
2 ,3 und4 eine perspektivische Ansicht bzw. eine Seitenansicht bzw. einen Längsschnitt von zwei miteinander kämmenden Förderelementen; -
5a bis5f jeweils einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A, B-B, C-C, D-D, E-E und F-F nach3 ; -
6 eine Seitenansicht von zwei miteinander kämmenden Förderelementen eines Zwei-Wellen-Extruders; -
7 und8 eine Seitenansicht bzw. einen Schnitt von zwei miteinander kämmenden Förderelementen mit Ringabschnitten eines Zwei-Wellen-Extruders; und -
9 und10 eine Seitenansicht bzw. einen Schnitt eines Mehrwellen-Extruders mit auf einen Kreis angeordneten Wellen.
-
1a and1b in each case a cross section through a first conveyor section and a second conveyor section of a conveyor element; -
2 .3 and4 a perspective view or a side view or a longitudinal section of two intermeshing conveying elements; -
5a to5f cut along the lines AA, BB, CC, DD, EE andFF 3 ; -
6 a side view of two intermeshing conveying elements of a two-shaft extruder; -
7 and8th a side view or a section of two intermeshing conveying elements with ring sections of a two-shaft extruder; and -
9 and10 a side view or a section of a multi-shaft extruder with shafts arranged on a circle.
Gemäß
Der Profilquerschnitt, also der senkrechte Querschnitt zur Welle der Förderabschnitte
Der zweite Förderabschnitt
Die Achse
Der Außendurchmesser
D.h. der zweite Kamm
Die miteinander kämmenden Förderelemente weisen einen Achsabstand Ax im Kreis auf, wie anhand der Förderlemente
Wie insbesondere aus
Gemäß
Jedes Förderelement
Wie anhand der Förderabschnitte
Bei der Doppelschnecke nach
Nach
Die axiale Länge La der Ringe
Bei dem Extruder nach
Claims (14)
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DE102008016862.9A DE102008016862C5 (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2008-04-02 | extruder |
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DE102008022421B3 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-19 | Blach Verwaltungs Gmbh & Co. Kg | Extruder drives |
WO2011006516A1 (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2011-01-20 | Blach Josef A | Extruder |
DE102009059072A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Bayer Technology Services GmbH, 51373 | Screw elements for extruding viscoelastic masses |
AT509710B1 (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2011-11-15 | Josef Ing Blach | EXTRUDER |
US10207423B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2019-02-19 | Steer Engineering Private Limited | Extruder mixing element for a co-rotating twin screw extruder |
AT512974B1 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2015-02-15 | Josef A Ing Blach | Multi-screw extruder |
RU2673517C2 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2018-11-27 | Ковестро Дойчланд Аг | Screw elements for multi-shaft screw-type machines |
DE102015120586B4 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2018-10-18 | Blach Verwaltungs Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ring extruder for the continuous preparation of rubber material with co-extruder, system and process for preprocessing a continuously processed rubber material |
DE202015106285U1 (en) | 2015-11-18 | 2016-01-11 | Blach Verwaltungs Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ring extruder for the continuous preparation of rubber compounds with co-extruder and cooling system |
DE202015104764U1 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-12 | Blach Verwaltungs GmbH + Co. KG | Ring extruder for continuous preparation of rubber compounds with co-extruder |
DE202015104765U1 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-12 | Blach Verwaltungs GmbH + Co. KG | Plant for the continuous preparation of rubber compounds with barrel press |
DE102017123940A1 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2018-05-09 | Blach Verwaltungs GmbH + Co. KG | Augmented reality at extruder plant |
CN112223720A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-15 | 南京卓越挤出装备有限公司 | High groove depth screw element |
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DE102008016862A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
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