DE102007052338A1 - Photovoltaic installation has multiple level mirrors for concentration of sunlight on concentrator module with photovoltaic element, where mirrors are aligned together in form of Fresnel mirror field in parallel manner - Google Patents
Photovoltaic installation has multiple level mirrors for concentration of sunlight on concentrator module with photovoltaic element, where mirrors are aligned together in form of Fresnel mirror field in parallel manner Download PDFInfo
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- DE102007052338A1 DE102007052338A1 DE102007052338A DE102007052338A DE102007052338A1 DE 102007052338 A1 DE102007052338 A1 DE 102007052338A1 DE 102007052338 A DE102007052338 A DE 102007052338A DE 102007052338 A DE102007052338 A DE 102007052338A DE 102007052338 A1 DE102007052338 A1 DE 102007052338A1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
- F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
- F24S2023/872—Assemblies of spaced reflective elements on common support, e.g. Fresnel reflectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Photovoltaikanlage mit mehreren ebenen Spiegeln zur Konzentration des Sonnenlichtes auf mindestens ein Konzentratormodul mit mindestens einem Photovoltaikelement.The The invention relates to a photovoltaic system with several flat mirrors to concentrate the sunlight on at least a concentrator module with at least one photovoltaic element.
In der Praxis übliche Photovoltaikmodule weisen unmittelbar nebeneinander angeordnete Photovoltaikzellen auf, die hinter einer durchsichtigen Scheibe, z. B. hinter Glas oder transparentem Kunststoff, gegen Umwelteinflüsse geschützt sind. Gelegentlich sind solchen Photovoltaikmodulen Spiegel zur Erhöhung der Einstrahlung von Sonnenlicht zugeordnet.In Practice usual photovoltaic modules have direct arranged side by side photovoltaic cells, behind a transparent disc, z. Behind glass or transparent plastic, protected against environmental influences. Occasionally are such photovoltaic modules mirror to increase the Associated with sunlight.
Zur
Vermeidung einer thermischen Überlastung von Solarzellen
offenbart die
Im
Weiteren zeigt die
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Photovoltaikanlage der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die sowohl einen einfachen sowie preisgünstigen Aufbau als auch eine hohe Effizienz bei der Stromerzeugung aufweist.Of the Invention is based on the object, a photovoltaic system of to create the aforementioned type, both a simple and inexpensive construction as well as high efficiency in the Power generation has.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass die Spiegel in Form eines Fresnel-Spiegelfeldes parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind und das Konzentratormodul oberhalb des Fresnel-Spiegelfeldes angeordnet ist.According to the invention solved the problem by the fact that the mirror in the form of a Fresnel mirror field are aligned parallel to each other and the Concentrator module above the Fresnel mirror array arranged is.
Aufgrund dieser Maßnahmen ist die Photovoltaikanlage mit einem verhältnismäßig geringen konstruktiven Aufwand kostengünstig zu fertigen. Da die Spiegel in Bodennähe angeordnet sein können, ist der Inspektions- bzw. der Wartungsaufwand gering. Darüber hinaus stellt das Fresnel-Spiegelfeld eine hohe Effizienz bei der Stromerzeugung sicher, da die einfallende Sonnenstrahlung in Richtung des Konzentratormoduls reflektiert wird. Im Weiteren kann die Reflektion der Sonnenstrahlen in Richtung des Konzentratormoduls in mehren Linien erfolgen, womit die thermische Belastung des Konzentratormoduls gegenüber einem punktförmigen Auftreffen der reflektierten Sonnenstrahlung reduziert ist.by virtue of Of these measures is the photovoltaic system with a relative low cost of construction to manufacture cost. Since the mirrors can be located near the ground, is the inspection or maintenance costs low. About that In addition, the Fresnel mirror array provides high efficiency in the Power generation safe, as the incoming solar radiation towards of the concentrator module is reflected. In addition, the reflection the sun's rays in the direction of the concentrator module in several Lines are made, bringing the thermal load of the concentrator module against a punctiform impact of the reflected Solar radiation is reduced.
Vorzugsweise ist die Längsachse der rechteckförmigen Spiegel parallel zur Längsachse der rechteckförmigen Konzentratormodule orientiert. Zweckmäßigerweise sind mehrere nebeneinander in einer Achse angeordnete Konzentratormodule vorgesehen. Demnach ist die Photovoltaikanlage in einer nahezu beliebigen Größe herstellbar, da eine Vielzahl von Spiegeln neben- und hintereinander anzuordnen ist, wobei entsprechend den nebeneinander angeordneten Spiegeln Konzentratormodule vorgesehen sind.Preferably is the longitudinal axis of the rectangular mirror parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rectangular concentrator modules oriented. Conveniently, several are next to each other provided in an axis concentrator modules. Therefore is the photovoltaic system in almost any size can be produced, as a variety of mirrors next to and behind each other is to be arranged, where appropriate arranged side by side Mirror concentrator modules are provided.
Um eine relativ große Fläche durch die Konzentratormodule zu erzielen, sind die Konzentratormodule in mehreren parallelen sowie zueinander beabstandeten Reihen angeordnet. Die Anordnung der Reihen mit Konzentratormodulen zueinander sowie zu dem Fresnel-Spiegelfeld ist beispielsweise abhängig von der einfallenden und reflektierbaren Sonneneinstrahlung und kann von dem Fachmann bestimmt werden.Around a relatively large area through the concentrator modules To achieve the concentrator modules are in several parallel and spaced apart rows arranged. The order the rows of concentrator modules to each other and to the Fresnel mirror array is, for example, dependent on the incident and reflectable Solar radiation and can be determined by the expert.
In Ausgestaltung sind die Spiegel an einem bodenseitigen Gestell mit längsseitig parallel sowie beabstandet zueinander ausgerichteten Hauptträgern schwenkbar, insbesondere beidseitig zu den Konzentratormodulen, gelagert. Durch diesen Aufbau kann die Photovoltaikanlage der Geländetopologie angepasst werden. Des Weiteren sind die Spiegel einfach justierbar und der Sonne nachführbar, um eine hohe Leistung mit der Photovoltaikanlage zu erzielen.In Design are the mirrors on a base-side frame with longitudinally parallel and spaced apart aligned Pivoting main supports, in particular on both sides of the concentrator modules, stored. Through this structure, the photovoltaic system of the terrain topology be adjusted. Furthermore, the mirrors are easily adjustable and the sun traceable to a high performance with the To achieve photovoltaic system.
Nach einer Weiterbildung weisen die beispielsweise als Strangpressprofile aus Aluminium gefertigten Hauptträger auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten Längsnuten auf, in denen einerseits Befestigungsschrauben der Schwenklager und andererseits Nutensteine eingreifen, die an Profilen zur Verbindung der Hauptträger miteinander sowie mit Füßen befestigt sind. Da keine separaten Befestigungsbohrungen zu fertigen sind, ist die Montage schnell zu bewerkstelligen und ein Ausrichten der einzelnen Bauteile durch einfaches Verschieben entlang der Längsnuten möglich. Die die Hauptträger miteinander sowie mit Füßen des Gestells verbindenden Profile stellen gemeinsam mit den in die Längsnuten verschiebbar eingreifenden Nutensteinen eine schwimmende Lagerung sicher, die eine thermisch bedingte Längenänderung der Hauptträger zulässt.To a development have, for example, as extruded profiles made of aluminum main carrier on opposite Side longitudinal grooves on which on the one hand mounting screws Engage the pivot bearing and on the other hand nuts that on Profiles for connecting the main beams to each other as well are attached with feet. There are no separate mounting holes To manufacture, the assembly is quick to accomplish and an alignment of the individual components by simply moving along the longitudinal grooves possible. The main carriers connecting with each other and with the feet of the frame Profiles together with the displaceable in the longitudinal grooves engaging sliding blocks a floating storage safely, the a thermally induced change in length of the main carrier allows.
Um eine Vielzahl in einer Reihe angeordneter Spiegel gemeinsam verschwenkbar zu haltern, erstrecken sich vorzugsweise zwischen den Schwenklagern Spiegelträger, die jeweils einen zwischen den Hauptträgern verlaufenden Längsträger umfassen, von dem Befestigungslaschen für die Spiegel abgehen. Zur Vermeidung von Befestigungsbohrungen an den Spiegeln, die unter Umständen zu Korrosionsproblemen führen können, sind vorteilhafterweise die Unterseiten der Spiegel mit den Befestigungslaschen verklebt sind. Darüber hinaus können durch den Einsatz dauerelastischer Kleber mechanische Spannungen zwischen den Spiegeln und den Befestigungslaschen bzw. Längsträgern reduziert werden und die Montage der Spiegel ist mit einfachen Mitteln schnell zu realisieren.In order to support a plurality of mirrors arranged in a row together pivotable, extending preferably between the pivot bearings mirror support, each one between include the main beams extending side members, depart from the attachment tabs for the mirror. To avoid mounting holes on the mirrors, which can possibly lead to corrosion problems, advantageously the undersides of the mirror are glued to the mounting tabs. In addition, the use of permanently elastic adhesive mechanical stresses between the mirrors and the mounting straps or side rails can be reduced and the installation of the mirror can be realized quickly by simple means.
Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Spiegel unabhängig voneinander mittels einer elektromotorischen Verstelleinrichtung schwenkbar. Sonach kann jeder einzelne Spiegel optimal hinsichtlich der reflektierten Strahlung auf die Konzentratormodule ausgerichtet werden. In alternativer Ausgestaltung ist bevorzugt zur Verschwenkung der Spiegel eine Vorrichtung vorgesehen, die zum einen mit einem Linearmotor und zum anderen mit den Spiegelträgern gekoppelt ist. Nach einer Justierung der einzelnen Reihen mit Spiegeln zu den Konzentratormodulen in Abhängigkeit vom Stand der Sonne, der wiederum vom Standort der Photovoltaikanlage abhängig ist, werden die Spiegel des Fresnel-Spiegelfeldes in kompletten Reihen der Sonne nachgeführt.Conveniently, the mirrors are independent of each other by means of an electromotive adjusting device pivotable. So every single mirror can be optimal in terms of the reflected radiation are aligned with the concentrator modules. In an alternative embodiment is preferred for pivoting the Mirror provided a device, which on the one hand with a linear motor and coupled with the mirror carriers. To an adjustment of the individual rows with mirrors to the concentrator modules depending on the position of the sun, which in turn depends on the location of the Photovoltaic system is dependent, the mirrors of the Fresnel mirror field tracked in complete rows of the sun.
Zur zuverlässigen und robusten Lagerung weist jedes Schwenklager eine sich auf dem Hauptträger abstützende Grundplatte auf, von der ein Lagerauge abgeht. Die Grundplatte weist Bohrungen zum Einsetzen der in die Längsnuten der Hauptträger eingreifenden Befestigungsschrauben auf. Bis zu einer endgültigen Befestigung sind die Schwenklager durch die Befestigungsschrauben verschiebbar auf den Hauptträgern gehalten, wodurch eine Ausrichtung der einzelnen Reihen mit Spiegeln zueinander sowie zu den Konzentratormodulen mit einer geringen Anzahl von Monteuren schnell ausführbar ist.to Reliable and robust storage features every pivot bearing a base plate supporting itself on the main carrier on, from which a bearing eye goes off. The base plate has holes for Insertion of engaging in the longitudinal grooves of the main carrier Fixing screws. Until a final attachment the pivot bearings are displaceable by the fixing screws held on the main girders, creating an alignment the individual rows with mirrors to each other and to the concentrator modules quickly executable with a small number of fitters is.
Um zuverlässige Reibpartner zu bilden, ist in das Lagerauge des Schwenklagers eine Lagerbuchse zur Aufnahme eines Lagerzapfens des Längsträgers des Spiegelträgers eingesetzt. Die Lagerbuchse kann beispielsweise aus einem Kunststoff, wie Polytetrafluorethylen, oder einem Lagermetall gefertigt sein, während das Lagerauge und/oder der Lagerzapfen aus Aluminium bestehen. Vorteilhafterweise ist das Schwenklager einstückig als Strangpressprofil aus Aluminium ausgebildet.Around To form reliable friction partners is in the bearing eye of the pivot bearing a bearing bush for receiving a journal the longitudinal carrier of the mirror carrier used. The bushing may for example be made of a plastic, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, or a bearing metal, while the bearing eye and / or the bearing pin made of aluminum. advantageously, is the pivot bearing in one piece as an extruded profile Aluminum formed.
Die Konzentratormodule sind an bodenfesten, säulenförmigen Modulträgern montiert. Beidseitig zu den Modulträgern kann sich das Fresnel-Spiegelfeld erstrecken. Dabei können die Konzentratormodule einreihig oder zweireihig an den Modulträgern befestigt sein, wobei eine zweireihige Anordnung der Konzentratormodule Kostenvorteile durch einen geringen Installationsaufwand und Platzbedarf gegenüber der einreihigen Anordnung bietet.The Concentrator modules are ground-stable, columnar Module carriers mounted. On both sides of the module carriers the Fresnel mirror field may extend. It can the concentrator modules single-row or double-row on the module carriers be attached, with a double-row arrangement of the concentrator modules Cost advantages due to low installation costs and space requirements the single-row arrangement offers.
Die Verwendung eines Konzentratormoduls, das einen Kühlkörper mit mindestens einem ringförmigen Kühlkanal für den Durchfluss eines Kühlmediums, z. B. Wasser oder ein Öl, aufweist, dessen Haupterstreckung in Längsrichtung des Kühlkörpers verläuft, in der zuvor beschriebenen Photovoltaikanlage hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. Durch die aktive Kühlung wird die Substrattemperatur der Photovoltaikelemente derart gesenkt, dass noch eine hohe Quantenausbeute und damit ein hoher Wirkungsgrad erzielt ist. Darüber hinaus ist eine thermische Überlastung der Photovoltaikelemente vermieden.The Using a concentrator module containing a heat sink with at least one annular cooling channel for the flow of a cooling medium, z. As water or an oil, whose main extension in the longitudinal direction of the Heatsink runs in the previously described Photovoltaic system has proven to be particularly advantageous. By the active cooling becomes the substrate temperature of the photovoltaic elements lowered so that even a high quantum efficiency and thus a high efficiency is achieved. In addition, a thermal overload the photovoltaic elements avoided.
Weist der Kühlkörper mehrere parallel zueinander angeordnete Kühlkanäle auf, wobei jeweils zwei benachbarte Kühlkanäle mit dem Kühlmedium im Gegenstrom durchflossen sind, ist eine konstante Temperaturverteilung im Kühlkörper und damit an dem Photovoltaikelement erzielt, die sich vorteilhaft auf die Lebensdauer des Photovoltaikelements auswirkt. Thermisch induzierte Spannungen aufgrund von Temperaturunterschieden sind weitgehend vermieden. Vorzugsweise ist der Kühlkörper insbesondere einstückig aus einem Strangpressprofil, z. B. aus Aluminium, hergestellt. Es ist selbstverständlich auch möglich, den Kühlkörper aus mehreren Profilen zusammenzusetzen.has the heat sink a plurality of mutually parallel Cooling channels on, with two adjacent each Cooling channels with the cooling medium in countercurrent are flowed through, is a constant temperature distribution in the heat sink and thus achieved at the photovoltaic element, which is advantageous the life of the photovoltaic element affects. Thermally induced Voltages due to temperature differences are broad avoided. Preferably, the heat sink is in particular in one piece from an extruded profile, z. Aluminum, produced. It is of course also possible to assemble the heat sink from several profiles.
Eine effektive Wärmeabfuhr ist dadurch erzielt, dass das Photovoltaikelement thermisch mittels Wärmeleitpaste mit dem Kühlkörper gekoppelt ist. Darüber hinaus ist durch die Wärmeleitpaste die in der Regel unterschiedliche Wärmeausdehnung der Photovoltaikelemente gegenüber dem Material des Kühlkörpers ausgleichbar.A effective heat dissipation is achieved by the fact that the photovoltaic element thermally by means of thermal paste with the heat sink is coupled. In addition, through the thermal grease the usually different thermal expansion of the photovoltaic elements opposite the material of the heat sink compensated.
Insbesondere wenn das Photovoltaikelement auf einer Trägerplatte aus Glas aufgebracht ist, ist der Einsatz von Wärmleitpaste als thermisches Koppelmedium vorteilhaft. Wird das Photovoltaikmodul mittels einer Klemmvorrichtung an den Kühlkörper angedrückt, ist sichergestellt, dass aufgrund der relativen Längenausdehnungsunterschiede zwischen der Trägerplatte aus Glas bzw. den Silizium-Wafern und dem Kühlkörper keine mechanische Spannungen in die Trägerplatte bzw. die Wafer eingeleitet werden. Alternativ ist der Kühlkörper in das Photovoltaikmodul einlaminiert. Die Herstellung des Laminats erfolgt unter Verwendung unterschiedlicher Lagen Klebstoff und Gewebe, insbesondere Glasfasergewebe.Especially if the photovoltaic element on a support plate Glass is applied, is the use of thermal paste advantageous as a thermal coupling medium. Will the photovoltaic module by means of a clamping device to the heat sink pressed, it is ensured that due to the relative Length expansion differences between the carrier plate made of glass or the silicon wafers and the heat sink no mechanical stresses in the carrier plate or the Wafers are initiated. Alternatively, the heat sink laminated into the photovoltaic module. The production of the laminate is done using different layers of glue and tissue, in particular glass fiber fabric.
Sind dem Konzentratormodul seitliche Sekundärspiegel zugeordnet, die entlang der Photovoltaikelemente verlaufen und die von den Spiegeln reflektierte Strahlung als zusätzliche reflektierte Strahlung zu den Photovoltaikelementen leiten, dann kann eine homogene Strahlungsverteilung über die Oberfläche des Photovoltaikmoduls erzielt werden, was sich vorteilhaft hinsichtlich der Reduzierung von Temperaturspannungen und eine Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades auswirkt. Im Weiteren wird die reflektierte Strahlung der Spiegel vom Fresnel-Spiegelfeld besser ausgenutzt, als von einem Konzentratormodul ohne Streulicht auffangende Spiegel.Are associated with the concentrator module side secondary mirror, which extend along the photovoltaic elements and the reflected radiation from the mirrors as an additional reflected beam guide to the photovoltaic elements, then a homogeneous radiation distribution over the surface of the photovoltaic module can be achieved, which is advantageous in terms of reducing thermal stresses and an increase in efficiency. Furthermore, the reflected radiation of the mirrors is better utilized by the Fresnel mirror field than mirrors which catch on a concentrator module without scattered light.
Durch die Nutzung der Abwärme des in den Konzentratormodulen aufgeheizten Kühlmediums in einem Wärmespeichersystem, einer Niedertemperaturheizanwendung oder bei einer Absorptionskältemaschine ist der Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Photovoltaikanlage erhöht. Vorteilhaft ist dabei, dass die Temperatur des Kühlmediums beim Verlassen der Konzentratormodule bis zu 80°C betragen kann. Denkbar ist daher auch das Betreiben von so genannten ORC-Turbinen (Organic Rankine Cycle), bei denen statt Wasser ein organisches Arbeitsmittel, wie z. B. Silikonöl, verwendet wird, das bereits bei niedrigeren Temperaturen und Drücken verdampft, überhitzt und zur Stromerzeugung in einer Turbine genutzt werden kann.By the use of waste heat in the concentrator modules heated cooling medium in a heat storage system, a low temperature heating application or an absorption chiller the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic system is increased. It is advantageous that the temperature of the cooling medium when leaving the concentrator modules up to 80 ° C. can. It is therefore conceivable also the operation of so-called ORC turbines (Organic Rankine Cycle), in which instead of water an organic Working tools, such. As silicone oil, is used, the already evaporates at lower temperatures and pressures, overheated and can be used to generate electricity in a turbine.
In Ausgestaltung sind einzelne Leiterbahnen der Photovoltaikelemente unter Verwendung miteinander gekoppelter Dioden in Reihe geschaltet. Die auch Strings genannten Leiterbahnen sind mittel Z-Dioden miteinander verschaltet. Um den negativen Einfluss von einem so genannten Linienschatten auszuschließen, sind die Z-Dioden miteinander gekoppelt, wodurch einzelne Leiterbahnen übersprungen werden, also im Schatten liegende Anteile bei der Addition der Spannungen unberücksichtigt bleiben.In Design are individual tracks of the photovoltaic elements connected in series using coupled diodes. The conductors also called strings are medium Z diodes with each other connected. To exclude the negative influence of a so-called line shadow, the Z-diodes are coupled together, thereby skipping individual tracks become, thus in the shade lying portions with the addition of the tensions disregarded.
Die Erfindung ist im Zusammenhang mit einer Photovoltaikanlage beschrieben. Es ist jedoch selbstverständlich an Stelle von oder zusätzlich zu Konzentratormodulen thermische Kollektoren vorzusehen, die zur Erwärmung eines Wärmeträgermediums dienen, ohne den Schutzbereich der Erfindung zu verlassen. Die beschriebene Photovoltaikanlage kann als thermische Solaranlage oder auch als thermisches Solarkraftwerk, das elektrische Energie und eventuell Wärme oder "Kälte" über einen nachgeschalteten Prozess liefert, dienen.The The invention is described in connection with a photovoltaic system. It is, of course, in place of or in addition to provide concentrator modules thermal collectors, the Serve heating of a heat transfer medium, without departing from the scope of the invention. The described Photovoltaic system can be used as a solar thermal system or as well thermal solar power plant, the electrical energy and possibly Heat or "cold" over a downstream Process supplies, serve.
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen verwendbar sind.It It is understood that the above and below to be explained features not only in the specified Combination, but also usable in other combinations.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die zugehörigen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:The Invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings in more detail explained. It shows:
Die
Photovoltaikanlage
Die
Spiegel
Durch
das verschiebbare Einsetzen der fußseitigen Nutensteine
in die entsprechende Längsnut
Die
Längsträger
Die
Orientierung der Spiegel
Das
Konzentratormodul
Photovoltaikelemente
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- - DE 19804469 A1 [0003] - DE 19804469 A1 [0003]
- - DE 20314372 U1 [0004] - DE 20314372 U1 [0004]
Claims (24)
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DE102007052338A DE102007052338A1 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2007-11-02 | Photovoltaic installation has multiple level mirrors for concentration of sunlight on concentrator module with photovoltaic element, where mirrors are aligned together in form of Fresnel mirror field in parallel manner |
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DE102007052338A DE102007052338A1 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2007-11-02 | Photovoltaic installation has multiple level mirrors for concentration of sunlight on concentrator module with photovoltaic element, where mirrors are aligned together in form of Fresnel mirror field in parallel manner |
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WO2011054017A3 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2011-10-27 | Gasparyan, Karen | Concentrating transducer of solar energy (variants) |
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MD20100079A2 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2011-12-31 | Штефан КОЧЕБАН | Solar power plant |
ITRM20100368A1 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-08 | Mercanti Jakob | PLANT WITH SOLAR CONCENTRATION THROUGH FLAT TRACKS WITH A TRACKING SYSTEM TO A DEGREE OF FREEDOM USING PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES LOCATED IN A FIXED POSITION AND RADIATED BY SOLID RADIATION REFLECTED BY MIRRORS |
WO2012010720A1 (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2012-01-26 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | Solar radiation concentrator, having multiple independent parabolic mirrors |
ES2346629A1 (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2010-10-18 | Universidad Politecnica De Madrid | Solar radiation concentrator, having multiple independent parabolic mirrors |
ITRM20100520A1 (en) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-04-06 | Jakob Mercanti | HYDRAULIC HANDLING SYSTEM WITH COUNTERWEIGHTS FOR A PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT WITH SOLAR CONCENTRATION USING FLAT MIRRORS AVAILABLE ACCORDING TO THE FRESNEL SCHEME |
DE102011106807A1 (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2013-01-10 | Reinhold Seger | Sun concentrator for light bundling photovoltaic high-performance plants, has deflection and reflection mirrors and photovoltaic module mounted on carrier, where reflection mirror is opened at longitudinal and/or transverse side of module |
DE102011116794A1 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-25 | Ralf Vortkamp | Device for improving efficiency of solar plants, has mirroring reflection surfaces arranged such that surfaces reflect solar radiation with solar altitude adverse for cells, where surfaces are designed in controlled directional arrangements |
WO2015135646A1 (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-17 | Frank Messelhäuser | Photo voltaic module |
US11349041B2 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2022-05-31 | Boly Media Communications (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. | Double-sided light-concentrating solar apparatus and system |
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