DE102005035555A1 - Exhaust gas treatment unit for motor vehicle`s internal combustion engine, has oxidation catalytic converter for oxidization of nitric oxide, and SCR catalyzer for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide, and particle separator - Google Patents
Exhaust gas treatment unit for motor vehicle`s internal combustion engine, has oxidation catalytic converter for oxidization of nitric oxide, and SCR catalyzer for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide, and particle separator Download PDFInfo
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- DE102005035555A1 DE102005035555A1 DE102005035555A DE102005035555A DE102005035555A1 DE 102005035555 A1 DE102005035555 A1 DE 102005035555A1 DE 102005035555 A DE102005035555 A DE 102005035555A DE 102005035555 A DE102005035555 A DE 102005035555A DE 102005035555 A1 DE102005035555 A1 DE 102005035555A1
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- particle separator
- reducing agent
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- oxidation
- particles
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-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit zur gleichzeitigen Verminderung der Stickoxid- und Partikelemissionen einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, sowie ein entsprechendes Verfahren. Die Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit sowie das entsprechende Verfahren können insbesondere bei mobilen Anwendungen wie beispielsweise in Kraftfahrzeugen zum Einsatz kommen.object The present invention is an exhaust aftertreatment unit for the simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions an internal combustion engine, and a corresponding method. The exhaust aftertreatment unit and the corresponding method can in particular in mobile applications such as in motor vehicles for Use come.
In zahlreichen Ländern existieren gesetzlich einzuhaltende Grenzwerte für die Anteile bestimmter unerwünschter Substanzen im Abgas von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen. Unter anderem handelt es sich bei den nicht erwünschten Stoffen auch um Stickoxide (NOx) und Partikelemissionen. Auf Grund des Betriebs der Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit Kohlenwasserstoffen enthalten diese Partikel Kohlenstoff. Gerade bei sehr kleinen und/oder mittleren Partikeldurchmessern ist der Effekt der Feinstaub genannten Partikelemissionen auf Lebewesen unklar, eine gesundheitsschädliche Wirkung insbesondere der Lungengängigen Partikel erscheint jedoch möglich. Auf Grund der Konzeption der modernen Verbrennungskraftmaschinen ist jedoch der Anteil an Stickoxiden und Partikeln regelmäßig aneinander gekoppelt. Das heißt, dass eine Verringerung des Stickoxidanteils oft quasi als Nebenwirkung eine Erhöhung des entsprechenden Partikelanteils des Abgases zur Folge hat.In many countries, there are legal limits for the proportions of certain undesirable substances in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines. Among other things, the undesired substances are also nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate emissions. Due to the operation of the internal combustion engines with hydrocarbons, these particles contain carbon. Especially with very small and / or average particle diameters, the effect of the particulate matter particle emissions on organisms is unclear, but a harmful effect, in particular of the respirable particles, appears possible. Due to the design of modern internal combustion engines, however, the proportion of nitrogen oxides and particles is regularly coupled together. This means that a reduction in the proportion of nitrogen oxide often results, as a side effect, in an increase in the corresponding particle fraction of the exhaust gas.
Von daher liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung sowohl des Stickoxid-, als auch des Partikelanteils im Abgas von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen sowie eine entsprechende Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit vorzuschlagen. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Abgasnachbe handlungseinheit mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüche.From Therefore, the present invention is based on the object, a Method for reducing both the nitrogen oxide and the particle content in the exhaust of internal combustion engines and a corresponding To propose exhaust aftertreatment unit. This task is solved by a Abgasnachbe treatment unit with the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 8. Advantageous developments are the subject of the respective dependent claims.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit ist in einer Strömungsrichtung durchströmbar und umfasst in Strömungsrichtung hintereinander die folgenden Komponenten:
- 1.1) einen Oxidationskatalysator zumindest zur Oxidation von Stickstoffmonoxid (NO),
- 1.2) einen SCR-Katalysator zur selektiven katalytischen Reduktion von Stickoxiden (NOx) und
- 1.3) einen Partikelabscheider.
- 1.1) an oxidation catalyst at least for the oxidation of nitric oxide (NO),
- 1.2) an SCR catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and
- 1.3) a particle separator.
Die erfindungsgemäße Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit erlaubt es in vorteilhafter Weise, gleichzeitig den Gehalt an Stickoxiden und den Gehalt an Partikeln im Abgas zu reduzieren. Jede der drei Komponenten 1.1), 1.2) und 1.3) kann einen Wabenkörper umfassen. Hierbei sind beispielsweise keramische Wabenkörper und/oder metallische Wabenkörper einsetzbar. Besonders bevorzugt sind hierbei Wabenkörper die mindestens eine zumindest teilweise strukturierte metallische Lage umfassen, die so aufgebaut sind, dass sich für ein Fluid zumindest durchströmbare Hohlräume bilden. Die Wabenkörper können zumindest teilweise auch zumindest teilweise für ein Fluid durchströmbare Wände aufweisen, die beispielsweise aus poröser Keramik oder einem entsprechenden porösem metallischen Material ausgebildet sind.The Exhaust after treatment unit according to the invention allows it in an advantageous manner, at the same time the content of nitrogen oxides and to reduce the content of particles in the exhaust gas. Each of the three Components 1.1), 1.2) and 1.3) may comprise a honeycomb body. Here, for example, ceramic honeycomb body and / or metallic honeycomb body can be used. In this case, honeycomb bodies which are at least one at least are particularly preferred comprise partially structured metallic layer, which are constructed so are that up for a fluid at least through a fluid cavities form. The honeycomb body can at least Partially also at least partially for a fluid flow through walls, the for example, porous Ceramic or a corresponding porous metallic material formed are.
Zumindest die Katalysatoren 1.1) und 1.2) weisen eine entsprechende katalytisch aktive Beschichtung oder eine eine katalytisch aktive Substanz umfassende Beschichtung auf. Insbesondere kann die Beschichtung Washcoat umfassen.At least the catalysts 1.1) and 1.2) have a corresponding catalytic active coating or a catalytically active substance comprising Coating on. In particular, the coating may comprise washcoat.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit ist zwischen Oxidationskatalysator und SCR-Katalysator eine Reduktionsmittelzufuhr ausgebildet.According to one advantageous development of the exhaust aftertreatment unit according to the invention is between the oxidation catalyst and SCR catalyst, a reducing agent supply educated.
Bei
der selektiven katalytischen Reduktion werden regelmäßig stickstoffhaltige
Reduktionsmittel eingesetzt. Insbesondere bevorzugt ist hierbei
der Einsatz von Ammoniak (NH3) als Reduktionsmittel. Der
SCR-Katalysator bzw. die Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit kann so ausgebildet
werden, dass die so genannte „fast-SCR Reaktion" abläuft. Dies
ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn die Temperatur des SCR-Katalysators
regelmäßig etwa
200°C nicht überschreitet.
Hierbei erfolgt eine Reaktion von Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) und Stickstoffdioxid
(NO2) mit Ammoniak (NH3)
zu molekularem Stickstoff (N2) und Wasser
(H2O):
Weiterhin
laufen hierbei Nebenreaktionen ab, bei denen beispielsweise Stickstoffdioxid
mit Ammoniak zu molekularem Stickstoff und Wasser und gegebenenfalls
noch Ammoniumnitrat (NH4NO3)
umgesetzt wird:
Von
daher ist in besonders vorteilhafter Weise der Oxidationskatalysator
1.1) so ausgebildet, dass nicht eine gänzliche Umwandlung von Stickstoffmonoxid
in Stickstoffdioxid katalysiert wird. Weiterhin ist es auch möglich, zumindest
einen Teil des Abgasstroms in Abhängigkeit von der anliegenden Stickstoffmonoxid- und Stickstoffdioxidkonzentration um
den Oxidationskatalysator herum zu leiten, um so beim Eintritt in
den SCR-Katalysator 1.2) ein möglichst
optimales Gemisch von Stickstoffmonoxid und Stickstoffdioxid zur
Durchführung
der „fast-SCR-reaction" vorliegen zu haben.
Sollte die Endtemperatur des SCR-Katalysators 1.2) beispielsweise
oberhalb von 200°C
liegen und somit statt der „fast-SCR-reaction" andere SCR-Reaktionen
vermehrt ablaufen, also beispielsweise die Umsetzung von Stickstoffmonoxid
mit Ammoniak zu molekularem Stickstoff und Wasser:
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit umfasst die Reduktionsmittelzufuhr Zufuhrmittel für einen Reduktionsmittelvorläufer und Mittel zur Umwandlung des Reduktionsmittelvorläufers in das Reduktionsmittel.According to one further advantageous embodiment of the exhaust gas aftertreatment unit according to the invention the reducing agent supply comprises supply means for one Reducing agent precursor and means for converting the reducing agent precursor into the reducing agent.
Das Reduktionsmittel umfasst insbesondere eine stickstoffhaltige Verbindung, besonders bevorzugt Ammoniak. Der Reduktionsmittelvorläufer stellt einen Stoff dar, der das Reduktionsmittel abspaltet oder der in das Reduktionsmittel umgewandelt werden kann. Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei der Einsatz von Harnstoff als Reduktionsmittelvorläufer. Der Harnstoff kann insbesondere in Form einer wässrigen Harnstofflösung oder auch als Feststoff durch Zufuhrmittel eingebracht werden.The Reducing agent comprises in particular a nitrogen-containing compound, particularly preferably ammonia. The reducing agent precursor provides a Substance that splits off the reducing agent or in the reducing agent can be converted. Particularly preferred here is the use of urea as a reducing agent precursor. The urea can in particular in the form of an aqueous urea solution or introduced as a solid by feed.
Insbesondere
können
die Mittel zur Umwandlung des Reduktionsmittelvorläufers in
das Reduktionsmittel Mittel zur Thermolyse und/oder Hydrolyse des
Reduktionsmittelvorläufers
umfassen. Wird als Reduktionsmittelvorläufer Harnstoff eingesetzt, so
können
hier insbesondere eine Thermolyse von Harnstoff ((NH2)2CO) zu Ammoniak (NH3)
und Isocyansäure
(HCNO) erfolgen. Bei diesem Beispiel erfolgt bei der Hydrolyse die
Umwandlung von Isocyansäure
(HCNO) und Wasser zu Ammoniak und Kohlendioxid.
Thermolyse und Hydrolyse können insbesondere auch in einem einzigen Bauteil, beispielsweise einem mit einer Hydrolysekatalysatorbeschichtung versehenen Wabenkörper ablaufen.thermolysis and hydrolysis can especially in a single component, for example a run off honeycomb body provided with a hydrolysis catalyst coating.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit sind Mittel zur Regeneration des Partikelabscheiders ausgebildet.According to one further advantageous development of the exhaust gas aftertreatment unit according to the invention are formed means for the regeneration of the Partikelabscheiders.
Unter der Regeneration des Partikelabscheiders wird im Rahmen dieser Erfindung insbesondere die Umsetzung der kohlenstoffhaltigen Partikel zu Kohlenmonoxid (CO) und/oder Kohlendioxid (CO2) verstanden. Die Mittel zur Regeneration des Partikelabscheiders können beispielsweise einen Oxidationskatalysator umfassen, vor dem Kohlenwasserstoffe, beispielsweise durch eine überstöchiometrische Befüllung zumindest eines Zylinders der Verbrennungskraftmaschine in den Abgas strom eingebracht werden. In oder an dem Oxidationskatalysator, der ebenfalls in Form einer entsprechend ausgebildeten Beschichtung auf einem Wabenkörper aufgebracht sein kann, erfolgt die exotherme Umsetzung und Oxidation der Kohlenwasserstoffe. Hierdurch heizt sich das Abgas auf, so dass auch der stromabwärts liegende Partikelabscheider 1.3) aufgeheizt wird. Ab einer bestimmten Grenztemperatur erfolgt bei Vorliegen von Sauerstoff eine Oxidation des Kohlenstoffs in den Partikeln und damit einer Regeneration des Partikelfilters. Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Regeneration besteht darin, als Mittel zur Regeneration Heizmittel auszubilden, die den Partikelfilter aufheizbar machen. So kann in bestimmten Regenerationsintervallen der Partikelfilter über die eben genannte Grenztemperatur aufgeheizt werden, um so die Umsetzung des Kohlenstoffs in Gang zu bringen. Weiterhin kann der Partikelabscheider 1.3) Mittel zur Regeneration umfassen, mittels derer eine Oberflächengleitentladung zur Förderung der Oxidation der Kohlenstoffpartikel gebildet werden kann. Zusätzlich zu allen oben genannten Möglichkeiten der Regeneration kann der Partikelabscheider eine entsprechende Beschichtung aufweisen, die die Temperatur senkt ab der eine Oxidation des Kohlenstoffs abläuft. Die oben angegebenen unterschiedlichen Mittel zur Regeneration des Partikelabscheiders können auch in vorteilhafter Weise miteinander kombiniert werden.In the context of this invention, the regeneration of the particle separator is understood in particular to mean the reaction of the carbon-containing particles into carbon monoxide (CO) and / or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The means for regenerating the Partikelabscheiders may include, for example, an oxidation catalyst, before the hydrocarbons, for example, by an over-stoichiometric filling of at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine into the exhaust gas stream introduced. In or on the oxidation catalyst, which may also be applied in the form of a correspondingly formed coating on a honeycomb body, the exothermic reaction and oxidation of the hydrocarbons takes place. As a result, the exhaust gas heats up, so that the downstream particle separator 1.3) is heated. From a certain limit temperature occurs in the presence of oxygen oxidation of the carbon in the particles and thus a regeneration of the particulate filter. Another way of regeneration is to form as a means of regeneration heating means that make the particulate filter heatable. Thus, in certain regeneration intervals of the particulate filter can be heated above the above-mentioned limit temperature, so as to bring the implementation of the carbon in motion. Furthermore, the particle separator 1.3) may comprise means for regeneration, by means of which a surface sliding discharge for promoting the oxidation of the carbon particles can be formed. In addition to all of the above-mentioned possibilities of regeneration, the particle separator can have a corresponding coating which lowers the temperature from which oxidation of the carbon takes place. The above-mentioned different means for regeneration of the Partikelabscheiders can also be combined with each other in an advantageous manner.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit umfassen die Mittel zur Regeneration des Partikelabscheiders Mittel zur Erzeugung eines Plasmas.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the exhaust gas aftertreatment according to the invention The means for regenerating the particle separator comprise means for generating a plasma.
Bevorzugt
ist hierbei die Ausbildung eines nichtthermischen Plasmas, insbesondere
einer nichtthermischen Oberflächengleitentladung.
Hierunter wird insbesondere eine im Kontakt mit einer im Allgemeinen
elektrisch isolierenden oder nur schwach leitfähigen Oberfläche brennende
elektrischen Gasentladung zur Erzeugung eines nichtthermischen Plasmas
unter weitgehender Vermeidung einer Gas aufheizung verstanden. Diese
Oberflächengleitentladung
kann kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich, insbesondere abhängig vom
Beladungszustand des Partikelabscheiders betrieben werden. In Bezug
auf die Ausbildung des Partikelabscheiders, der Elektroden und/oder
dem Betrieb des Plasmas wird auf die
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit umfasst der Partikelabscheider einen geschlossenen Partikelfilter. Unter einem geschlossenen Partikelfilter wird insbesondere ein Partikelfilter verstanden, bei dem mehrere Kanäle ausgebildet sind und bei dem das Abgas mindestens eine Wand zwischen diesen Kanälen durchströmen muss.According to one further advantageous embodiment of the exhaust gas aftertreatment unit according to the invention the particle separator comprises a closed particle filter. Under a closed particulate filter is in particular a particle filter understood, in which several channels are formed and wherein the exhaust gas at least one wall between these channels flow through got to.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit umfasst der Partikelabscheider Mittel zum elektrostatischen Abscheiden von Partikeln.According to one further advantageous embodiment of an exhaust gas aftertreatment unit according to the invention The particle separator comprises means for electrostatic precipitation of particles.
Insbesondere können hierbei Elektroden ausgebildet sein, die mit einer Gleichspannung oder einer niederfrequenten Wechselspannung, bevorzugt im Bereich von Frequenzen von weniger als 120 Hz, bevorzugt weniger als 90 Hz, besonders bevorzugt sogar von weniger als 10 Hz aufweisen. Mittels dieser Mittel können die Kohle umfassende Partikel aufgeladen werden und an der positiv geladenen Elektrode abgeschieden werden. Hierdurch kann es gleichzeitig zu einer Agglomeration der Partikel kommen, in dem mehrere Partikel aneinander haften.Especially can In this case, electrodes may be formed, which are connected to a DC voltage or a low-frequency AC voltage, preferably in the range of frequencies less than 120 Hz, preferably less than 90 Hz, more preferably even less than 10 Hz. By means of this Means can Charcoal particles are charged and positively charged charged electrode are deposited. This can be done simultaneously come to an agglomeration of particles in which several particles stick to each other.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung wird ein Verfahren zur Verminderung der Stickoxid- und Partikelemission einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine vorgeschlagen, welches die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
- 8.1) Oxidation zumindest von Stickstoffinonoxid (NO),
- 8.2) selektive katalytische Reduktion von Stickoxiden (NOx) und darauf folgend
- 8.3) Abscheidung zumindest eines Teils der Partikel im Abgas.
- 8.1) Oxidation of at least Nitric Oxide (NO),
- 8.2) selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and subsequently
- 8.3) deposition of at least a portion of the particles in the exhaust gas.
Bevorzugt ist hierbei eine Verfahrensführung, bei der nach der Oxidation 8.1) und vor der selektiven katalytischen Reduktion 8.2) Reduktionsmittel zugeführt und/oder erzeugt wird. Bevorzugt wird hierbei ein stickstoffhaltiges Reduktionsmittel zugeführt und/oder erzeugt, insbesondere Ammoniak. Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei, dass ein Reduktionsmittelvorläufer zugeführt und zu Reduktionsmittel umgesetzt wird. Unter einem Reduktionsmittelvorläufer wird hier eine Verbindung verstanden, die Reduktionsmittel abspalten und/oder die in Reduktionsmittel umgewandelt werden kann. Ein möglicher Reduktionsmittelvorläufer für das Reduktionsmittel Ammoniak ist beispielsweise Harnstoff. Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei, dass der Partikelabscheider einen geschlossenen Partikelfilter umfasst.Prefers Here is a procedure, when after the oxidation 8.1) and before the selective catalytic Reduction 8.2) reducing agent and / or generated. Preferably, in this case, a nitrogen-containing reducing agent is supplied and / or produced, in particular ammonia. Particularly preferred here is that a reducing agent precursor supplied and converted to reducing agent. Under a reducing agent precursor is here understood a compound that split off reducing agents and / or which can be converted into reducing agents. A possible Reducing agent precursor for the Reducing agent Ammonia is, for example, urea. Especially in this case, it is preferable for the particle separator to be closed Particulate filter includes.
Weiterhin bevorzugt werden die abgeschiedenen Partikel zumindest teilweise umgesetzt. Unter einer zumindest teilweisen Umsetzung wird hier insbesondere eine zumindest teilweise Oxidation des in den Teilchen enthaltenen Kohlenstoffs verstanden. Weiterhin bevorzugt ist ein regenerierbarer Partikelabscheider. Hierbei werden die auf den Partikelabscheider abgeschiedenen Partikel umgesetzt, beispielsweise wie oben dargelegt.Farther Preferably, the deposited particles are at least partially implemented. Under an at least partial implementation will be here in particular an at least partial oxidation of the in the particles understood carbon contained. Further preferred is a regenerable particle separator. Here are the on the particle separator reacted particles deposited, for example, as set forth above.
Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei eine Verfahrensführung, bei der die Umsetzung der Partikel und damit auch die Regeneration des Partikelabscheiders plasmaunterstützt erfolgt. Insbesondere kann hier die Umsetzung der Partikel bzw. die Regeneration des Partikelabscheiders auf dem Wege einer nichtthermischen Oberflächengleitentladung wie oben dargelegt erfolgen.Especially in this case, preference is given to a process procedure in which the reaction the particle and thus also the regeneration of the particle separator plasma-assisted he follows. In particular, here the implementation of the particles or the regeneration of the particle separator by way of a non-thermal surface creeping as stated above.
Besonders bevorzugt ist weiterhin ein Verfahren, bei dem die Partikelabscheidung zumindest teilweise durch ein elektrisches Feld zumindest unterstützt wird.Especially Preference is furthermore given to a process in which the particle separation at least partially supported by an electric field at least.
Eine solche elektrostatische Abscheidung oder auch eine Abscheidung, die auf einer niederfrequenten Wechselspannung beruht, kann in besonders vorteilhafter Weise auch mit einem so genannten offenen Partikelfilter oder Partikelabscheider kombiniert werden, der so ausgestaltet ist, dass das Abgas keine Wand zwischen zwei Kanälen durchströmen muss, sondern vielmehr gegebenenfalls auch ohne durch eine Wand zu strömen durch den Partikelabscheider hindurchströmen kann.A such electrostatic deposition or even a deposition, which is based on a low-frequency AC voltage, in particular advantageously also with a so-called open particle filter or particle separators are combined, which is designed that the exhaust gas does not have to flow through a wall between two channels, but rather, if necessary, without passing through a wall can flow through the particle separator.
Die hier im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit offenbarten Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, Vorteile und Details lassen sich in gleicher Weise auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren übertragen und anwenden und umgekehrt.The here in connection with the exhaust aftertreatment unit according to the invention disclosed applications, Advantages and details can be transferred in the same way to the inventive method and apply and vice versa.
Im
Folgenden wird die Erfindung an Hand der beigefügten Figur näher erläutert, ohne
dass die Erfindung auf das dort gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel sowie die dort
offenbarten Vorteile und Details beschränkt wäre. Die einzige
Zwischen
Oxidationskatalysator
Der
Oxidationskatalysator
Weiterhin
ist ein Bypass
Der
Partikelabscheider
Grundsätzlich kann
die Regeneration des Partikelabscheiders
Die
erfindungsgemäße Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit
- 11
- Abgasnachbehandlungseinheitexhaust gas treatment unit
- 22
- Oxidationskatalysatoroxidation catalyst
- 33
- SCR-KatalysatorSCR catalyst
- 44
- Partikelabscheiderparticle
- 55
- Abgasexhaust
- 66
- Strömungsrichtungflow direction
- 77
- ReduktionsmittelzufuhrReductant delivery
- 88th
- Zufuhrmittelsupply means
- 99
- Mittel zur Umwandlung des Reduktionsmittelvorläufers in Reduktionsmittelmedium for converting the reducing agent precursor into reducing agent
- 1010
- Sperrkatalysatorblocking catalytic converter
- 1111
- Bypassbypass
- 1212
- Strömungsleitmittelflow guide
- 1313
- Mittel zum elektrostatischen Abscheiden von Partikelnmedium for electrostatic precipitation of particles
- 1414
- Mittel zum Erzeugen eines Plasmasmedium for generating a plasma
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005035555A DE102005035555A1 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2005-07-29 | Exhaust gas treatment unit for motor vehicle`s internal combustion engine, has oxidation catalytic converter for oxidization of nitric oxide, and SCR catalyzer for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide, and particle separator |
PCT/EP2006/007197 WO2007014650A1 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2006-07-21 | Method for reducing the nitrogen oxide and particle emissions of an internal combustion engine and corresponding exhaust-gas treatment unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005035555A DE102005035555A1 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2005-07-29 | Exhaust gas treatment unit for motor vehicle`s internal combustion engine, has oxidation catalytic converter for oxidization of nitric oxide, and SCR catalyzer for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide, and particle separator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102005035555A1 true DE102005035555A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
Family
ID=36954955
Family Applications (1)
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DE102005035555A Withdrawn DE102005035555A1 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2005-07-29 | Exhaust gas treatment unit for motor vehicle`s internal combustion engine, has oxidation catalytic converter for oxidization of nitric oxide, and SCR catalyzer for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide, and particle separator |
Country Status (2)
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DE (1) | DE102005035555A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007014650A1 (en) |
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