DE102005008243A1 - Degassing a rubbish dump, to prevent the generation of methane, uses a gas well system for suction extraction using solar energy with heat storage - Google Patents

Degassing a rubbish dump, to prevent the generation of methane, uses a gas well system for suction extraction using solar energy with heat storage Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102005008243A1
DE102005008243A1 DE102005008243A DE102005008243A DE102005008243A1 DE 102005008243 A1 DE102005008243 A1 DE 102005008243A1 DE 102005008243 A DE102005008243 A DE 102005008243A DE 102005008243 A DE102005008243 A DE 102005008243A DE 102005008243 A1 DE102005008243 A1 DE 102005008243A1
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Prior art keywords
landfill
methane
degassing
heat storage
heat exchanger
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DE102005008243A
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German (de)
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Wiemer
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Universitaet Kassel
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Universitaet Kassel
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Publication of DE102005008243A1 publication Critical patent/DE102005008243A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B09B1/006—Shafts or wells in waste dumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/02—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid
    • F03G6/04—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
    • F03G6/045—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous by producing an updraft of heated gas or a downdraft of cooled gas, e.g. air driving an engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/131—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines by means of vertical structures, i.e. chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/24—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling for draft enhancement in chimneys, using solar or other heat sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

To degas a rubbish dump (1), a pump is powered by solar energy to apply suction and interrupt the generation of methane using a heat exchanger (2) and chimney (3) with a gas well system (4) at the dump with extraction pipes (5). The space between the dump and the cover is used as a solar heat store and the heat exchanger has heat storage (6) for operation without sunlight. The chimney can be fitted with turbines to generate electricity.

Description

Die Entgasung von Deponien gewinnt im Sinne des Klimaschutzes zunehmend an Bedeutung. Nach Schätzungen der OECD sind rund 18% der anthropogen verursachten klimawirksamen Treibhausgase auf die weltweit vorhandenen Deponien zurückzuführen.The Degassing of landfills increasingly gains in terms of climate protection in importance. By estimates The OECD accounts for around 18% of the anthropogenic climate-impacting climate change Greenhouse gases attributable to the world's existing landfills.

Bei der anaeroben Zersetzung organischer Abfälle werden Methan und Kohlendioxyd im anteiligen Verhältnis von etwa 60 zu 40 freigesetzt. Unter Klimaschutzgesichtspunkten ist es hierbei von besonderer Bedeutung, dass die Klimawirksamkeit von Methan in etwa dem einundzwanzigfachen gegenüber Kohlendioxyd entspricht.at The anaerobic decomposition of organic waste is methane and carbon dioxide in a proportionate ratio released from about 60 to 40. From a climate protection point of view It is of particular importance that the climate impact of methane is about twenty-one times greater than carbon dioxide.

In den maßgebenden Industrieländern wird das Methan aus Deponien so weit als möglich energetisch genutzt. Der effektive wirtschaftlich interessante Nutzungszeitraum nach Abschluss der Deponie beträgt im Regelfall 15 bis 20 Jahre. Danach wird überwiegend Schwachgas gefördert, dessen wirtschaftliche Nutzung sich nicht mehr lohnt oder infolge des im Laufe der Zeit zurückgehenden Methangehaltes technisch nicht mehr möglich ist.In the authoritative industrialized countries the methane from landfills is used as much as possible energetically. The effective economically interesting period of use Completion of landfill amounts usually 15 to 20 years. Thereafter, mainly lean gas is promoted, whose economic use is no longer worthwhile or as a result of im Going back in time Methane content is technically no longer possible.

Die weitestgehende Nutzung des Methans aus Deponien stößt mit zurückgehenden Methananteil im Deponiegas technisch gesehen an ihre Grenzen. Somit entsteht nach Abschluss der Deponie die Situation, dass nach wie vor Deponiegas freigesetzt wird, dieses jedoch aus technischen Gründen nicht genutzt werden kann.The Largest use of methane from landfills encounters declining Methane content in landfill gas technically to its limits. Consequently arises after completion of the landfill the situation that after is released before landfill gas, but this is not used for technical reasons can be.

Zur Unterdrückung der Entstehung von Deponiegas liegen zahlreiche Untersuchungen vor. Da die methanbildenden Bakterien strikte Anaerobier sind, stört jegliches Eindringen von Sauerstoff in das Milieu nachhaltig die Methangasbildung. Dieser Effekt ist außerdem zu beobachten, wenn bei aktiven Betriebsdeponien zu hohe Mengen an methanhaltigem Deponiegas abgesaugt werden und hierdurch an verschiedenen Stellen der Deponie sauerstoffhaltige Außenluft nachströmt. Die Methanbildung kommt unter solchen Bedingungen unter Umständen vollständig zum Erliegen, was durchaus erhebliche Einnahmeausfälle durch entgangenen Energieverkauf nach sich ziehen kann.to suppression There are numerous studies on the formation of landfill gas. Since the methanogenic bacteria are strict anaerobes, anything bothers them Ingress of oxygen into the environment sustains methane gas production. This effect is as well to observe if there are too high volumes of active landfills Are sucked at methane-containing landfill gas and thereby at various Make the landfill oxygen-containing outside air flows. The Methane formation may fully occur under such conditions Decline, which is quite substantial loss of revenue due to lost energy sales after can draw.

Das Eindringen von sauerstoffhaltiger Luft ändert somit die Milieubedingungen innerhalb der Deponie in dem Sinn, dass die im Abfall enthaltene zersetzbare Biomasse an Stelle von der Umwandlung in Methan, Kohlendioxid und Wasser nur noch in Kohlendioxid und Wasser umgewandelt wird.The Ingress of oxygen-containing air thus changes the environmental conditions within the landfill in the sense that the decomposable contained in the waste Biomass in place of the conversion into methane, carbon dioxide and Water is only converted into carbon dioxide and water.

Aus Klimaschutzgesichtspunkten ist dieser Effekt bei Deponien, deren wirtschaftliche Deponiegasverwertung aufgegeben wurde, von besonderem Interesse.Out From a climate protection point of view, this effect applies to landfills whose economic landfill gas use was abandoned, of particular interest.

Zur Unterdrückung der Entstehung methanhaltiger Deponiegase hat sich das so genannte Überpumpen von Gasbrunnen bewährt, bei dem sauerstoffhaltige Außenluft in den Deponiekörper gezogen wird. Diese grundsätzlich vorteilhafte Maßnahme hat allerdings den systembedingten Nachteil, dass hierfür auf Dauer die Verwendung fossil betriebener Pumpen erforderlich wird.to suppression The formation of methane-containing landfill gas has become known as over-pumping proven by gas wells, in the oxygen-containing outside air into the landfill body is pulled. This basically advantageous measure However, has the systemic disadvantage that for this in the long run the use of fossil fueled pumps is required.

Zur Lösung der Problematik wird erfindungsgemäß ein völlig anderer Weg gewählt, bei dem das Deponiegas nicht über fossil betriebene Pumpen, sondern mit einem solar erzeugten Saugzug abgepumpt wird.to solution The problem is inventively chosen a completely different way, in the landfill gas is not over fossil-powered pumps, but with a solar-generated induced draft is pumped out.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass dem Deponiekörper (1) ein solarthermisch betriebenes Pumpensystem (2/3) vorgeschaltet wird, welches in seinen wesentlichen Konstruktionsmerkmalen aus einem Wärmetauscher (2) und einem nach geschalteten Kamin (3) besteht.According to the invention the object is achieved in that the landfill body ( 1 ) a solar thermal pump system ( 2 / 3 ), which in its essential design features from a heat exchanger ( 2 ) and a downstream fireplace ( 3 ) consists.

Infolge der Sonneneinstrahlung erwärmt sich hierbei die Luft innerhalb des Wärmetauschers (2) dermaßen, dass bei der Ableitung dieser Luft über den Kamin (3) ein kräftiger Luftstrom entsteht der genutzt werden kann, ein deponieseitiges Gasbrunnensystem (4) über angeschlossene Rohrleitungssysteme (5) abzupumpen. Je nach Dimensionierung des solarthermisch betriebenen Pumpensystems (2/3) kann die Saugkraft des Gesamtsystems vorgegeben werden. Bedarfsweise wird die Dimensionierung so gewählt, dass an beliebiger Stelle des Systems (2/3), vorzugsweise jedoch in den Kamin (3), Turbinen zur Erzeugung von Solarstrom angeordnet werden, welcher in der Anlage selbst genutzt oder ausgekoppelt wird.As a result of solar radiation, the air inside the heat exchanger heats up ( 2 ) so much that in the discharge of this air through the chimney ( 3 ) a powerful air stream is created, which can be used, a landfill gas well system ( 4 ) via connected piping systems ( 5 ) pump off. Depending on the dimensions of the solar thermal operated pump system ( 2 / 3 ), the suction power of the entire system can be specified. If necessary, the dimensioning is chosen so that at any point of the system ( 2 / 3 ), but preferably in the fireplace ( 3 ), Turbines for generating solar power can be arranged, which is used or decoupled in the plant itself.

Zur Sicherstellung der ganztägigen. Zugwirkung des solarthermisch betriebenen Pumpensystems werden unterhalb oder innerhalb des Wärmetauschers (2) Wärmespeicherelemente (6) angeordnet, welche auch im Nachtbetrieb eine Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Wärmetauscher (2) und Kaminkopf (7) sicherstellen, so dass eine Zugwirkung des Gesamtsystems gewährleistet ist.To ensure the full-time. Traction effect of the solar thermal operated pump system below or inside the heat exchanger ( 2 ) Heat storage elements ( 6 ), which also in night mode a temperature difference between heat exchanger ( 2 ) and chimney pot ( 7 ), so that a pulling effect of the entire system is ensured.

Claims (6)

Verfahren zur Entgasung von Deponien dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Deponie über Brunnensysteme unter Verwendung solarthermisch betriebener Pumpensysteme derart übersaugt wird, dass die in den Deponiekörper eintretende Außenluft den innerhalb der Deponie stattfindenden Methanbildungsprozess unterbricht.A method for degassing of landfills, characterized in that a landfill is sucked over well systems using solar thermal operated pump systems such that the entering into the landfill body outside air interrupts the methane formation process taking place within the landfill. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Pumpensystem (2/3) außerhalb des Deponiekörpers (1) oder auf diesem selbst errichtet wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar thermal pump system ( 2 / 3 ) outside the landfill body ( 1 ) or built on this. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zwischenraum zwischen einer vorzugsweise dunkel gefärbten Deponieabdeckfolie und dem Deponiekörper als solarer Wärmetauscher genutzt wird.Method according to one or more of the previous ones claims characterized in that the space between a preferably dark colored Landfill cover and landfill body as a solar heat exchanger is being used. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zur Abdeckung der Deponie zur Anwendung kommende Folie eine dichtende Funktion aufweist.Method according to one or more of the previous ones claims characterized in that the covering the landfill for use upcoming film has a sealing function. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass inner- oder unterhalb des Wärmetauschers (2) Wärmespeicher (6) angeordnet werden, die sicherstellen, dass der Kaminzugeffekt auch bei verminderter oder ausbleibender Sonneneinstrahlung aufrechterhalten wird.Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that inside or below the heat exchanger ( 2 ) Heat storage ( 6 ), which ensure that the chimney effect is maintained even with reduced or no sunlight. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an beliebiger Stelle des Saug- oder Drucksystems, vorzugsweise jedoch auf der Druckseite im Kamin Turbinen bzw. windgetriebene Stromerzeuger zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie angeordnet werden.Method according to one or more of the previous ones claims characterized in that at any point of the suction or Pressure system, but preferably on the pressure side in the fireplace turbines or wind-powered generators for generating electrical energy to be ordered.
DE102005008243A 2005-02-22 2005-02-22 Degassing a rubbish dump, to prevent the generation of methane, uses a gas well system for suction extraction using solar energy with heat storage Withdrawn DE102005008243A1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009100529A1 (en) * 2008-02-11 2009-08-20 Marc-Antoine Pelletier Gas and liquid extraction system and method
CN103711647A (en) * 2013-12-27 2014-04-09 曾振斌 Power generating device utilizing road as energy-gathering carrier
RU2689488C1 (en) * 2018-11-01 2019-05-28 Александр Алексеевич Соловьев Biogas aerodynamic plant

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009100529A1 (en) * 2008-02-11 2009-08-20 Marc-Antoine Pelletier Gas and liquid extraction system and method
US8864413B2 (en) 2008-02-11 2014-10-21 Marc-Antoine Pelletier Gas and liquid extraction system and method
CN101945713B (en) * 2008-02-11 2015-06-24 马克-安托万·佩尔蒂埃 Gas and liquid extraction system and method
CN103711647A (en) * 2013-12-27 2014-04-09 曾振斌 Power generating device utilizing road as energy-gathering carrier
CN103711647B (en) * 2013-12-27 2016-08-17 袁志贤 A kind of TRT utilizing road as cumulative carrier
RU2689488C1 (en) * 2018-11-01 2019-05-28 Александр Алексеевич Соловьев Biogas aerodynamic plant

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