DE102004021368A1 - Driver drowsiness detection optical three dimensional object recording sensor unit images and times reemitted light from switched laser beams - Google Patents
Driver drowsiness detection optical three dimensional object recording sensor unit images and times reemitted light from switched laser beams Download PDFInfo
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- DE102004021368A1 DE102004021368A1 DE102004021368A DE102004021368A DE102004021368A1 DE 102004021368 A1 DE102004021368 A1 DE 102004021368A1 DE 102004021368 A DE102004021368 A DE 102004021368A DE 102004021368 A DE102004021368 A DE 102004021368A DE 102004021368 A1 DE102004021368 A1 DE 102004021368A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
- B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
- B60R21/0153—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors
- B60R21/01538—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors for image processing, e.g. cameras or sensor arrays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
- B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
- B60R21/0153—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors
- B60R21/01534—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors using electromagneticwaves, e.g. infrared
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
- G02B27/147—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using averaging effects by spatially variable reflectivity on a microscopic level, e.g. polka dots, chequered or discontinuous patterns, or rapidly moving surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/06—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons indicating a condition of sleep, e.g. anti-dozing alarms
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sensoreinrichtung zur optischen dreidimensionalen Erfassung von Objekten.The The invention relates to a sensor device for optical three-dimensional Capture of objects.
Häufig besteht der Bedarf, dreidimensionale Objekte bezüglich ihrer Form und ihrer Lage im Raum zu erfassen. Dies kann beispielsweise mit mehreren Videokameras geschehen, die aus verschiedenen Richtungen auf das Objekt gerichtet sind und deren Ausgangssignale mit Hilfe von Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen verknüpft werden. Ein solches Verfahren ist beispielsweise in Chen F. et al: "Overview of three-dimensional shape measurement using optical methods", Optical Engineering, Vol. 39 No. 1, January 2000, Seiten 10 bis 22, insbesondere Seiten 12 bis 17, beschrieben. Dieses Verfahren ist jedoch recht aufwändig und setzt die Zugänglichkeit aus verschiedenen Richtungen voraus bzw. benötigt bei der Verwendung von nur einer Kamera ein drehbares Objekt.Often exists the need, three-dimensional objects in terms of their shape and their To capture location in space. This can be done, for example, with several Video cameras happen from different directions on the Object are directed and their output signals by means of image processing algorithms connected become. Such a method is described, for example, in Chen F. et al: "Overview of three-dimensional shape measurement using optical methods ", Optical Engineering, Vol. 39 No. 1, January 2000, pages 10 to 22, in particular pages 12 to 17 described. However, this process is quite complex and sets the accessibility from different directions ahead or required when using only one camera a rotatable object.
Ferner sind Verfahren bekannt, welche die Laufzeit des Lichts auswerten. So wird beispielsweise in 2001 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, Digest of Technical Papers, First Edition, February 2001, IEEE Catalog No. 01CH37177, Kapitel 16.5, ein Sensor beschrieben, bei welchem ein sehr kurzer divergierender Lichtimpuls ausgesendet und über eine kurzzeitig geöffnete Blende das vom Objekt remittierte Licht einem Bildsensor zugeführt wird. Je länger die Laufzeit ist, je weniger Licht fällt in die Öffnungszeit der Blende. Deshalb wird die Amplitude des gewonnenen Videosignals mit zunehmendem Abstand des Objekts kleiner. Durch zusätzliche Maßnahmen wird der Einfluss des Fremdlichts und des Remissionsvermögens des Objekts kompensiert.Further Methods are known which evaluate the duration of the light. For example, in 2001 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, Digest of Technical Papers, First Edition, February 2001, IEEE Catalog No. 01CH37177, chapter 16.5, describes a sensor in which a very short divergent light pulse sent out and over a briefly opened Aperture remitted by the object light is fed to an image sensor. The longer the running time is, the less light falls in the opening time of the aperture. Therefore is the amplitude of the video signal obtained with increasing distance the object is smaller. By additional activities the influence of extraneous light and the remission power of the Object compensated.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of invention
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung erfolgt die optische dreidimensionale Erfassung durch
- – eine Einrichtung zum Aufspalten eines Lichtbündels eines Lasers in mehrere zueinander divergierende Teil-Lichtbündel,
- – eine Schalteinrichtung zum sequentiellen Schalten der Teil-Lichtbündel,
- – einen Matrix-Sensor, auf den vom Objekt remittiertes Licht abgebildet wird und dem Signale, welche dem remittierten Licht der Teil-Lichtbündel entsprechen, entnehmbar sind und
- – eine Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Laufzeiten der Teil-Lichtbündel und des remittierten Lichts der Teil-Lichtbündel.
- A device for splitting a light bundle of a laser into several mutually divergent partial light bundles,
- A switching device for the sequential switching of the partial light bundles,
- A matrix sensor onto which light reflected by the object is imaged and from which signals which correspond to the remitted light of the partial light bundles can be taken out and
- A device for determining the transit times of the partial light beams and the reflected light of the partial light beams.
Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung ermöglicht eine gute Charakterisierung des Objekts unabhängig vom Kontrast. Zur sequentiellen Abtastung des zu messenden Objekts ist ein einziger Empfänger nötig. Ferner wird die Energie der Lichtquelle auf einen einzigen Punkt konzentriert, so dass durch Beobachtung jeweils eines einzigen Punktes und seiner nahen Umgebung das Signalrauschverhältnis gut ist.The Sensor device according to the invention allows a good characterization of the object regardless of the contrast. To the sequential Scanning of the object to be measured requires a single receiver. Further the energy of the light source is concentrated on a single point, so by observing each one point and its close environment the signal-to-noise ratio is good.
Die Charakterisierung des Objekts erfolgt im Gegensatz zu den oben beschriebenen Kameras nicht durch eine Auswertung des Kontrastes bzw. der dadurch erhaltenen Bilder, sondern es erfolgt eine Distanzmessung aller durch die Teil-Lichtbündel erfassten Punkte. Eine Verarbeitung der Ausgangssignale des optischen Sensors vereinfacht sich dadurch, dass nur jeweils die Bilder dieser Punkte bzw. deren naher Umgebung verarbeitet werden.The Characterization of the object is in contrast to those described above Cameras not by an evaluation of the contrast or thereby obtained images, but it takes a distance measurement of all detected by the partial light beams Points. Processing of the output signals of the optical sensor Simplified by the fact that only the images of these points or their near surroundings are processed.
Die Zahl der Teil-Lichtbündel kann je nach Anwendungsfall verschieden gewählt werden, so dass sowohl relativ hoch auflösende dreidimensionale Abbildungen des Objekts als auch Erfassungen von Objekten mit wenigen Punkten möglich sind.The Number of partial light beams can be chosen differently depending on the application, so that both relatively high resolution three-dimensional images of the object as well as observations of Objects with few points possible are.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ermöglichen eine kostengünstige und kompakte Realisierung der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung dadurch, dass der Laser eine Laserdiode ist und/oder dass die Einrichtung zum Aufspalten des Lichtbündels ein Hologramm ist und/oder dass die Schalteinrichtung ein matrixförmiges Flüssigkristall-Lichtventil ist.advantageous Embodiments enable a inexpensive and compact realization of the sensor device according to the invention in that the laser is a laser diode and / or that the device for Splitting the light beam is a hologram and / or that the switching device is a matrix-shaped liquid crystal light valve.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Abbildung des remittierten Lichts auf den Matrix-Sensor mit Hilfe einer Fresnel-Linse erfolgt. Damit wird unter anderem eine Gewichtsersparnis erzielt.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the image of the remitted light on the matrix sensor with the help of a Fresnel lens. This will, among other things achieved a weight saving.
Zur Messung der Laufzeit ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Laufzeit eine Einrichtung zur Messung der Phasendifferenzen zwischen einer Modulation des Lichtbündels einerseits und der Modulation der dem Matrix-Sensor entnehmbaren Signale andererseits enthält. Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung kann jedoch auch derart gestaltet sein, dass das Lichtbündel gepulst ist und dass die Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Laufzeiten eine Einrichtung zur Messung der Pulslaufzeiten enthält.to Measuring the transit time is preferably provided in the sensor device according to the invention, that the facility for determining the duration of a facility for measuring the phase differences between a modulation of the light beam on the one hand and the modulation of the matrix sensor removable Signals on the other hand contains. The sensor device according to the invention however, it may also be designed such that the light beam is pulsed and that the facility for determining the maturities is a Device for measuring the pulse transit times contains.
Eine vorteilhafte Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung in einem Fahrzeug besteht darin, dass die Sensoreinrichtung in das Armaturenbrett eines Fahrzeugs derart eingebaut ist, dass die Teil-Lichtbündel an der Windschutzscheibe in den Raum reflektiert werden, in dem sich der Kopf des Fahrers des Fahrzeugs befindet, und dass durch Auswertung der Laufzeiten der Ort des Kopfes bestimmt wird. In vorteilhafter Weise kann dabei vorgesehen sein, dass die ermittelte Lage des Kopfes zur Steuerung der Projektion der Bilder eines Head-up-Displays und/oder dass die ermittelte Position des Kopfes zur Früherkennung einer Schläfrigkeit des Fahrers verwendet wird. Ferner kann die ermittelte Position des Kopfes dazu verwendet werden, das Auslösen eines Airbags zu verhindern, wenn sich der Kopf eines Fahrzeuginsassen zu nahe am Airbag befindet.An advantageous application of the sensor device according to the invention in a vehicle is that the sensor device is installed in the dashboard of a vehicle such that the partial light beams are reflected on the windshield in the space in which the head of the driver of the vehicle is, and that by Evaluation of the terms of the place of the head is determined. Advantageously, it can be provided that the determined position of the head for controlling the projection of the images of a head-up display and / or that the determined position of the head for early detection of drowsiness of the driver is used. Further, the determined position of the head may be used to prevent the deployment of an airbag when the head of a vehicle occupant is too close to the airbag.
Dazu ist durch US 2001/0003168 A1 eine Einrichtung zur Erkennung der Position von Fahrzeuginsassen bekannt geworden, bei der die Lage des Kopfes durch eine Autofokus-Einrichtung ermittelt wird.To US 2001/0003168 A1 discloses a device for detecting the Position of vehicle occupants has become known in the location of the Head through an autofocus device is determined.
Es ist jedoch auch außer der Position des Kopfes des Fahrers auch eine Positionserkennung anderer Gegenstände im Fahrzeug möglich. So ist beispielsweise bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung vorgesehen, dass die Position eines Sitzes ermittelt wird.It is also out of the box the position of the driver's head also a position detection of others objects possible in the vehicle. Thus, for example, in an advantageous embodiment, that the position of a seat is determined.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung anhand mehrerer Figuren dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:embodiments The invention are illustrated in the drawing with reference to several figures and explained in more detail in the following description. It shows:
Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispieledescription the embodiments
In
Eine
Laserdiode
Eine
bekannte in vielen integrierten Matrix-Sensoren dazu verwendete
Vorrichtung ist in
Vom
Ausgang
Claims (12)
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DE102004021368A DE102004021368A1 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2004-04-30 | Driver drowsiness detection optical three dimensional object recording sensor unit images and times reemitted light from switched laser beams |
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DE102004021368A DE102004021368A1 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2004-04-30 | Driver drowsiness detection optical three dimensional object recording sensor unit images and times reemitted light from switched laser beams |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011053999A1 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2013-03-28 | SMR Patents S.à.r.l. | Detection system for optical detection of object and/or region of space for driver assistance and/or display systems of motor vehicle, has optical sensor arranged as light field sensor for detection of direction information of light beam |
CN111183369A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-05-19 | 乔治亚技术研究公司 | Sensor array imaging apparatus |
EP4151964A4 (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2023-12-27 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Object observation system using hologram optical element |
-
2004
- 2004-04-30 DE DE102004021368A patent/DE102004021368A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011053999A1 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2013-03-28 | SMR Patents S.à.r.l. | Detection system for optical detection of object and/or region of space for driver assistance and/or display systems of motor vehicle, has optical sensor arranged as light field sensor for detection of direction information of light beam |
DE102011053999B4 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2018-10-04 | SMR Patents S.à.r.l. | Motor vehicle with a driver assistance system and a detection system |
CN111183369A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-05-19 | 乔治亚技术研究公司 | Sensor array imaging apparatus |
CN111183369B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2023-10-27 | 乔治亚技术研究公司 | Sensor array imaging device |
EP4151964A4 (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2023-12-27 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Object observation system using hologram optical element |
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