DE102004008275A1 - Dental material for use e.g. in fillings, teeth or crowns contains dispersed non-agglomerated metal oxide particles of a material other than silica - Google Patents
Dental material for use e.g. in fillings, teeth or crowns contains dispersed non-agglomerated metal oxide particles of a material other than silica Download PDFInfo
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- DE102004008275A1 DE102004008275A1 DE102004008275A DE102004008275A DE102004008275A1 DE 102004008275 A1 DE102004008275 A1 DE 102004008275A1 DE 102004008275 A DE102004008275 A DE 102004008275A DE 102004008275 A DE102004008275 A DE 102004008275A DE 102004008275 A1 DE102004008275 A1 DE 102004008275A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/15—Compositions characterised by their physical properties
- A61K6/17—Particle size
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/20—Protective coatings for natural or artificial teeth, e.g. sealings, dye coatings or varnish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/30—Compositions for temporarily or permanently fixing teeth or palates, e.g. primers for dental adhesives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/70—Preparations for dentistry comprising inorganic additives
- A61K6/71—Fillers
- A61K6/76—Fillers comprising silicon-containing compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/802—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
- A61K6/818—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics comprising zirconium oxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/802—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
- A61K6/822—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics comprising rare earth metal oxides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/849—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising inorganic cements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/884—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising natural or synthetic resins
- A61K6/887—Compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Dentalmaterialien enthaltend Dispersionen nanoskaliger, nichtagglomerierter Metalloxid-Teilchen.The Invention relates to dental materials containing nanoscale dispersions, nonagglomerated metal oxide particles.
Es
wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, nanoskalige, nichtagglomerierte Kieselsäure-Teilchen
in organischen Dispersionen bei der Herstellung von Dentalmaterial
einzusetzen. Dadurch werden die traditionell verwandten, stark agglomerierten,
pyrogenen Kieselsäuren
zumindest teilweise ersetzt, und Eigenschaften wie mechanische Festigkeit
und Transparenz konnten verbessert werden (
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass die Nanoteilchen anderer, kieselsäurefreier Oxide, besonders ZrO2- und/oder Al2O3- und/oder TiO2-Nanoteilchen, überraschend günstige Eigenschaften in Dentalmaterialien bewirken. Es kann sich auch um Nanoteilchen aus Mischoxiden handeln.It has now been found that the nanoparticles of other silicic acid-free oxides, in particular ZrO 2 and / or Al 2 O 3 and / or TiO 2 nanoparticles, bring about surprisingly favorable properties in dental materials. It can also be nanoparticles of mixed oxides.
Die Erfindung betrifft somit Dentalmaterialien enthaltend Dispersionen nanoskaliger, nichtagglomerierte, nichtsilikatischer Metalloxid-Teilchen, vorzugsweise aus ZrO2 und/oder Al2O3 und/oder TiO2. Besonders handelt es sich um Dentalmaterialien enthaltend ein wässriges und/oder organisches Löse- oder Dispersionsmittel mit darin dispergierten Metalloxid-Nanoteilchen, besonders ZrO2- und/oder Al2O3- und/oder TiO2-Nanoteilchen, die eine durchschnittliche Teilchengröße von 1–100 nm aufweisen, nicht agglomeriert sind und keine Kieselsäure sind.The invention thus relates to dental materials containing dispersions of nanoscale, non-agglomerated, non-silicate metal oxide particles, preferably of ZrO 2 and / or Al 2 O 3 and / or TiO 2 . These are in particular dental materials containing an aqueous and / or organic dissolving or dispersing agent having metal oxide nanoparticles dispersed therein, in particular ZrO 2 and / or Al 2 O 3 and / or TiO 2 nanoparticles, having an average particle size of 1 -100 nm, are not agglomerated and are not silicic acid.
Hierbei können die Nanoteilchen bevorzugt allein oder aber auch in Kombination mit einem geringen Anteil an herkömmlichen, agglomerierten Füllstoffen (wie z.B. Fällungs- oder pyrogenen Kieselsäuren) oder Dentalgläsern eingesetzt werden.in this connection can the nanoparticles preferably alone or in combination with a low content of conventional, agglomerated fillers (such as precipitation or fumed silicas) or dental glasses be used.
Die Nanoteilchen werden vorzugsweise als Dispersionen in Dentalmaterialien eingearbeitet. Bevorzugt handelt es sich um monodisperse Nanoteilchen.The Nanoparticles are preferably used as dispersions in dental materials incorporated. They are preferably monodisperse nanoparticles.
Wenn es sich um organische Dispersionen handelt, liegen die Nanoteilchen in der Regel hydrophobiert vor. Dazu werden beispielsweise bekannte Silanisierungsmittel wie Silan A-174 (gamma-Methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilan, Fa. Union Carbide) verwendet. Es sind aber auch andere Arten der Oberflächenmodifizierung möglich. Bevorzugt setzt man zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Dentalmaterialien Dispersionen der Nanoteilchen in einem Monomer oder einer Monomermischung ein. Die weiteren Komponenten werden dann mit dieser Suspension vermischt.If they are organic dispersions, are the nanoparticles usually hydrophobic before. These are known, for example Silanizing agents such as silane A-174 (gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, Union Carbide). But there are other types of surface modification possible. Preference is given to the preparation of the dental materials according to the invention Dispersions of the nanoparticles in a monomer or a monomer mixture one. The other components are then mixed with this suspension mixed.
Zweckmäßig dienen Monomere oder deren Mischungen als Dispersionsmittel. Als Monomere kommen die auf dem Dentalgebiet üblichen Monomere in Betracht: Beispiele sind radikalisch polymerisationsfähige monofunktionelle Monomere wie Mono(meth)acrylate, Methyl-, Ethyl-, Butyl-, Benzyl-, Furfuryl- oder Phenyl(meth)acrylat, polyfunktionelle Monomere wie polyfunktionelle Acrylate bzw. Methacrylate, z.B. Bisphenol-A-di(meth)acrylat, Bis-GMA (ein Additionsprodukt aus Methacrylsäure und Bisphenol-A-diglycidylether), UDMA (ein Additionsprodukt aus 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat und 2,2,4-Hexamethylendiisocyanat), Di-, Tri- oder Tetraethylenglycoldi(meth)acrylat, Decandioldi(meth)acrylat, Dodecandioldi(meth)acrylat, Hexyldecandioldi(meth)acrylat, Trimethylolpropantri(meth)acrylat, Pentaerythrittetra(meth)acrylat sowie Butandioldi(meth)acrylat.Serve purposefully Monomers or their mixtures as dispersants. As monomers come the usual in the dental field Monomers: Examples are free-radically polymerizable monofunctional Monomers such as mono (meth) acrylates, methyl, ethyl, butyl, benzyl, Furfuryl or phenyl (meth) acrylate, polyfunctional monomers such as polyfunctional acrylates or methacrylates, e.g. Bisphenol A di (meth) acrylate, Bis-GMA (an addition product of methacrylic acid and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether), UDMA (an addition product of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2,2,4-hexamethylene diisocyanate), di-, tri- or tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, Decandioldi (meth) acrylate, dodecanediol di (meth) acrylate, hexyldecanediol di (meth) acrylate, Trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate and butanediol di (meth) acrylate.
Als herkömmliche Füllstoffe kommen neben den bereits erwähnten Oxiden weitere Metalloxide wie Zinnoxid, Metallsulfate, weitere Oxide der Nebengruppen des Periodensystems, fluoridabgebende Substanzen, pyrogene oder Fällungskieselsäuren, Dentalgläser wie Aluminosilicatgläser oder Fluoroaluminosilicatgläser, Strontiumsilicat, Strontiumborosilicat, Lithiumsilicat, Lithiumaluminiumsilicat, Schichtsilikate, Zeolithe, amorphe sphärische Füller auf Oxid- oder Mischoxidbasis (etwas mit Komponenten der Gruppe: SiO2, ZrO2 und/oder TiO2), agglomerierte Metalloxide mit Primärteilchengröße von ca. 40 bis 300 nm, Splitterpolymerisate mit 10–100 μm Teilchengröße (vgl. R. Janda, Kunststoffverbundsysteme, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, 1990, Seite 225 ff.) oder deren Mischungen in Frage. Zudem können Verstärkungsmittel wie Glasfasern, Polyamid- oder Kohlenstofffasern eingearbeitet werden.As conventional fillers in addition to the oxides already mentioned, other metal oxides such as tin oxide, metal sulfates, other oxides of the subgroups of the periodic table, fluoride-emitting substances, pyrogenic or precipitated silicas, dental glasses such as aluminosilicate glasses or Fluoroaluminosilicatgläser, strontium, Strontiumborosilicat, lithium silicate, lithium aluminum silicate, phyllosilicates, zeolites, amorphous spherical Filler on oxide or mixed oxide (something with components of the group: SiO 2 , ZrO 2 and / or TiO 2 ), agglomerated metal oxides with primary particle size of about 40 to 300 nm, fragment polymers with 10-100 micron particle size (see R. Janda , Kunststoffverbundsysteme, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, 1990, page 225 et seq.) Or mixtures thereof. In addition, reinforcing agents such as glass fibers, polyamide or carbon fibers can be incorporated.
Der Füllstoffgehalt hängt stark von der beabsichtigten Verwendung ab. Zemente enthalten bevorzugt 5 bis 60 Gew.-%, besonders 20 bis 60 Gew.-%, Veneers oder Seiten- bzw. Frontzahnmaterialien bevorzugt 50 bis 90 Gew.-%, insbesondere 60 bis 80 Gew.-%, Füllungskomposite bevorzugt 50 bis 90 Gew.-%, insbesondere 75 bis 85 Gew.-% Füller, jeweils relativ zur Gesamtmasse des Dentalmaterials.Of the filler depends strongly from the intended use. Cements preferably contain 5 up to 60% by weight, especially 20 to 60% by weight, veneers or side or anterior tooth materials preferably 50 to 90 wt .-%, in particular 60 to 80 wt .-%, filling composites preferred 50 to 90 wt .-%, in particular 75 to 85 wt .-% filler, respectively relative to the total mass of the dental material.
Des weiteren können die erfindungsgemäßen Dentalmaterialien weitere, bei Dentalmaterialien übliche Stoffe enthalten, z.B. aus der Gruppe der Pigmente, Stabilisatoren, antimikrobielle Additive, UV-Absorber, Thixotropiermittel, Katalysatoren, Photoinitiatoren und Vernetzer.Of others can the dental materials according to the invention other, common in dental materials materials contained, e.g. from the group of pigments, stabilizers, antimicrobial Additives, UV absorbers, thixotropic agents, catalysts, photoinitiators and crosslinkers.
Solche Additive werden in eher geringen Mengen eingesetzt, insgesamt 0.01 bis 3.0, besonders 0.01 bis 1.0 Gew.-% bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des Dentalmaterials.Such Additives are used in rather small amounts, a total of 0.01 to 3.0, especially 0.01 to 1.0 wt .-% based on the total mass of the dental material.
Die Aushärtung der Zusammensetzungen kann je nach Art des verwendeten Polymerisationsinitiators durch thermische, photochemische oder redoxinduzierte radikalische Polymerisation erfolgen.The curing The composition may vary depending on the type of polymerization initiator used thermal, photochemical or redox-induced radical polymerization respectively.
Bevorzugte Beispiele für thermische Initiatoren sind die bekannten Peroxide, wie z.B. Dibenzoylperoxid, Dilaurylperoxid, tert.-Butylperoctoat oder tert.-Butylperbenzoat sowie Azobisisobutyroethylester, Azobisisobutyronitril, Azobis-(2-methylpropionamidin)dihydrochlorid, Benzpinakol oder 2,2-Dimethylbenzpinakol.preferred examples for Thermal initiators are the known peroxides, e.g. dibenzoyl Dilauryl peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate or tert-butyl perbenzoate and azobisisobutyroethyl ester, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, Benzopinacol or 2,2-dimethylbenzopinacol.
Bevorzugte Photoinitiatoren sind Benzophenon, Benzoin sowie deren Derivate oder alpha-Diketone oder deren Derivate wie 9,10-Phenanthrenchinon, Diacetyl oder 4,4-Dichlorbenzil. Besonders bevorzugt werden Campherchinon und 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenon und besonders bevorzugt alpha -Diketone in Kombination mit Aminen als Reduktionsmittel, wie z.B. 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)-benzoesäureester, N,N-Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylat, N,N-Dimethyl-sym.-xylidin oder Triethanolamin, eingesetzt. Darüber hinaus sind auch Acylphosphine, wie z.B. 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl- oder Bis(2,6-dichlorbenzoyl)-4-N-propylphenylphosphinoxid besonders geeignet.preferred Photoinitiators are benzophenone, benzoin and their derivatives or alpha-diketones or their derivatives such as 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, diacetyl or 4,4-dichlorobenzil. Particularly preferred are camphorquinone and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone and more preferably alpha-diketones in combination with amines as a reducing agent, such as e.g. 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) benzoic acid ester, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethyl-sym-xylidine or triethanolamine. About that In addition, acylphosphines, e.g. 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl- or bis (2,6-dichlorobenzoyl) -4-N-propylphenylphosphine oxide especially suitable.
Als Initiatoren für die bei Raumtemperatur durchgeführte Polymerisation werden vorzugsweise Redox-Initiatorkombinationen, wie z.B. Kombinationen von Benzoyl- oder Laurylperoxid mit N,N-Dimethyl-sym.-xylidin oder N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidin, verwendet.When Initiators for carried out at room temperature Polymerization are preferably redox initiator combinations, such as. Combinations of benzoyl or lauryl peroxide with N, N-dimethyl-sym-xylidine or N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen können z.B. in allen Arten von Füllungskompositen, Veneers, Dentallacken, Fissurenversieglern, Befestigungszementen, Prothesenbasismaterialien, Kronen- und Brückenverblendkompositen, Adhäsiven oder Materialien für künstliche Zähne eingesetzt werden. Entsprechend betrifft die Erfindung auch Dentalmaterialien aus der Gruppe der Füllungskomposite, Befestigungszemente, Prothesenbasismaterialien, Kronen- und Brückenverblendkomposite, Dentallacke, künstliche Zähne und Adhäsive, welche Dispersionen von nichtsilikatischen Metalloxid-Nanoteilchen, besonders ZrO2- und/oder Al2O3- und/oder TiO2- Nanoteilchen enthalten, die eine durchschnittliche Teilchengröße von 1–100 nm aufweisen und nicht agglomeriert sind.The dispersions according to the invention can be used, for example, in all types of filling composites, veneers, dental lacquers, fissure sealants, fixing cements, prosthesis base materials, crown and bridge veneering composites, adhesives or materials for artificial teeth. Accordingly, the invention also relates to dental materials from the group of filling composites, fixing cements, denture base materials, crown and Brückenverblendkomposite, dental paints, artificial teeth and adhesives which dispersions of non-silicate metal oxide nanoparticles, especially ZrO 2 - and / or Al 2 O 3 - and / or TiO 2 nanoparticles which have an average particle size of 1-100 nm and are not agglomerated.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Dentalmaterialien weisen folgende Vorteile auf:
- • hohe Transparenz;
- • verbesserte mechanische und Abrasions-Eigenschaften gegenüber SiO2-Nanoteilchen enthaltenden Materialien;
- • high transparency;
- Improved mechanical and abrasion properties over materials containing SiO 2 nanoparticles;
Die
Erfindung wird anhand des folgenden Beispiels erläutert: In
einem ersten Schritt werden in eine Monomermischung, bestehend aus
den Komponenten
Die Acrylatdispersion wird anschließend mit 0,01 Gew.% Stabilisator BHT (4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol, CAS 128-37-0) sowie den Initiatoren Campherchinon (0,3 Gew.%) und 0,2 Gew.% 2-Ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoat (QuantacureTMEHA, CAS 21245-02-3, Great Lakes Chemicals) versetzt.The acrylate dispersion is then treated with 0.01 wt.% Stabilizer BHT (4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol, CAS 128-37-0) and the initiators camphorquinone (0.3 wt.%) And 0.2% by weight of 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (Quantacure ™ EHA, CAS 21245-02-3, Great Lakes Chemicals).
Zugabe eines Dentalglases (Ba-Al-Silikat; 64,5 Gew.%) und innige Vermischung ergeben ein als Füllungskomposit geeignetes Material.encore a dental glass (Ba-Al silicate, 64.5 wt.%) and intimate mixing result in a filling composite suitable material.
Claims (13)
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DE102004008275A DE102004008275A1 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2004-02-18 | Dental material for use e.g. in fillings, teeth or crowns contains dispersed non-agglomerated metal oxide particles of a material other than silica |
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DE102004008275A DE102004008275A1 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2004-02-18 | Dental material for use e.g. in fillings, teeth or crowns contains dispersed non-agglomerated metal oxide particles of a material other than silica |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2788989C1 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-01-26 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации (ВМедА) | Glass ionomer cement for fixed dentures |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001030702A1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zirconia sol and process of making same |
WO2001030304A1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Aesthetic dental materials |
WO2002092022A2 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-21 | Kerr Corporation | Dental composite containing discrete nanoparticles |
-
2004
- 2004-02-18 DE DE102004008275A patent/DE102004008275A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001030702A1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zirconia sol and process of making same |
WO2001030304A1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Aesthetic dental materials |
WO2002092022A2 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-21 | Kerr Corporation | Dental composite containing discrete nanoparticles |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2788989C1 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-01-26 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации (ВМедА) | Glass ionomer cement for fixed dentures |
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