DE1017596B - Method and device for the continuous production of membrane filters - Google Patents
Method and device for the continuous production of membrane filtersInfo
- Publication number
- DE1017596B DE1017596B DEM31001A DEM0031001A DE1017596B DE 1017596 B DE1017596 B DE 1017596B DE M31001 A DEM31001 A DE M31001A DE M0031001 A DEM0031001 A DE M0031001A DE 1017596 B DE1017596 B DE 1017596B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- diffusion
- coating
- solution
- bath
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/12—Cellulose derivatives
- B01D71/14—Esters of organic acids
- B01D71/16—Cellulose acetate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
- B01D1/221—Composite plate evaporators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/26—Multiple-effect evaporating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/00091—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching by evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/12—Cellulose derivatives
- B01D71/14—Esters of organic acids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
- B01D71/12—Cellulose derivatives
- B01D71/20—Esters of inorganic acids, e.g. cellulose nitrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/20—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 for porous or cellular articles, e.g. of foam plastics, coarse-pored
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
- F28F3/083—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning capable of being taken apart
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/42—Details of membrane preparation apparatus
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
Membranfilter sind mikroporöse Filter vow hohem Feinheitsgrad·, die zur Zurückhaltung von Mikroorganismen, oder ähnlich {einteiligen Stoffen im Filtrationsverfahren geeignet sind. Es ist bekannt, daß man solche Membranen aus Lösungen von Celluloseestern, insbesondere Cellulosenitrat und Celluloseacetat, in flüchtigen organischen Lösungsmitteln gewinnen kann. Zu diesem Zwack gießt oder zieht man die viskose Lösung der Celluloseester auf ebenen Glasplatten, aus und beschichtet so die Glasunterlage mit einem zähflüssigen Film, wobei man sich zur Einstellung einer bestimmten geforderten Schichtdicke eines Wehrs bedient. Bei dieser Methode wird die Lösung in einem sogenannten Ziehschlitten, dessen eine Wand als dünnes Wehr ausgebildet ist, eingefüllt und durch Ziehen des Schlittens der Flüssigkeitsfilm gleichmäßig in Form eines Streifens über die Plattenlängei ausgezogen. Nach dem Aufbringen des Flüssigkeitsfilms läßt man das Lösungsmittelgemisch abdampfen und erzielt damit die Verfesti- ao gung des Flüssigkeitsfilms zu einer trockenen Folie von kunststoffäbnlichen Eigenschaften und zugleich feinporöser Struktur.Membrane filters are microporous filters with a high degree of fineness, which are used to retain microorganisms, or similar one-part substances in the filtration process are suitable. It is known, that such membranes can be made from solutions of cellulose esters, win especially cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate, in volatile organic solvents can. For this purpose, the viscous solution of the cellulose ester is poured or drawn on flat surfaces Glass plates, and thus coats the glass base with a viscous film, whereby one has to adjust a certain required layer thickness served a weir. With this method, the solution is drawn in a so-called pulling slide, One wall of which is designed as a thin weir, and the liquid film is filled in by pulling the slide evenly drawn out in the form of a strip over the length of the plate. After applying of the liquid film, the solvent mixture is allowed to evaporate and thus solidification is achieved The liquid film turns into a dry film with properties similar to plastics and at the same time fine-pored structure.
Zur Herstellung von Membranen verwendet man, wie bereits bekannt ist, keine reinen Lösungsmittel, sondern Gemische aus Estern, Ketonen oder Äther einerseits und niederen Alkoholen, wie Äthyl-, Butyl- und Amylalkohol, andererseits. Die Zusammensetzung der Gemische, gegebenenfalls auch unter Hinzufügen von Glycerin oder geringen Mengen von Wasser, bestimmt im wesentlichen den Feinheitsgrad des gebildeten Membranfilters. Hierbei unterscheidet man Lösungsmittel erster Art, die für Celluloseester den Charakter eines Lösers besitzen (Ester u. dgl.), und Lösungsmittel zweiter Art (Alkohole) mit dem Charakter eines Fällungsmittels für Celluloseester. Bei der Verdunstung erfolgt eine Verschiebung des Verhältnisses der beiden Lösungsmittelpartner zugunsten der Fällungsmittel, was zur Gelierung und nachfolgenden fortschreitenden Verfestigung der Membran führt. Dieses bisher angewandte reine Verdampfungsverfahren hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß hierbei unverhältnismäßig lange Zeit benötigt wird, um alle verdampfbaren Stoffe aus dem Membranfilm auszudunsten, wodurch sich eine kontinuierliche Fabrikations- oder Herstellungsweise verbietet. Außerdem ist der Platzbedarf ungewöhnlich groß, da die Glasplatten erfahrungsgemäß 8 bis 12 Stunden belegt sind. Eine Abkürzung des Verfahrens durch vorzeitiges Ablösen der Membranen ist nicht durchführbar, da der Restgehalt an Lösungsbestandteilen zu nachträglichen Schrumpfungs- bzw. Faltenbildungen führen würde, wodurch die spätere Verwendung als Filter ausgeschlossen wäre.As is already known, no pure solvents are used for the production of membranes, but mixtures of esters, ketones or ethers on the one hand and lower alcohols such as ethyl, butyl and amyl alcohol, on the other hand. The composition of the mixtures, if necessary also with adding of glycerine or small amounts of water, essentially determines the degree of fineness of the formed Membrane filter. A distinction is made here between solvents of the first type, those for cellulose esters Have the character of a solvent (esters and the like), and solvents of the second type (alcohols) with the Character of a precipitant for cellulose esters. The evaporation shifts the Ratio of the two solvent partners in favor of the precipitant, which leads to gelation and subsequent progressive solidification of the membrane. This pure evaporation process used so far has the disadvantage, however, that this takes a disproportionately long time, to evaporate all vaporizable substances from the membrane film, creating a continuous Manufacturing or manufacturing method is prohibited. In addition, the space requirement is unusually large because the Experience has shown that glass plates are occupied for 8 to 12 hours. An abbreviation of the procedure through premature Detaching the membranes is not feasible because the residual content of solution constituents increases would lead to subsequent shrinkage or wrinkling, which would result in later use as Filter would be excluded.
Verfahren und VorrichtungMethod and device
zur kontinuierlichen Herstellungfor continuous production
von Membranfilternof membrane filters
Anmelder:Applicant:
MembranfiltergesellschaftMembrane filter company
Sartorius-Werke Aktiengesellschaft & Co., Göttingen, Weender Landstr. 96/102Sartorius-Werke Aktiengesellschaft & Co., Göttingen, Weender Landstr. 96/102
Dr. Karl Heinrich Maier, Göttingen,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenDr. Karl Heinrich Maier, Göttingen,
has been named as the inventor
Die Erfindung hat sich deshalb die Aufgabe gestellt, die Nachteile, die aus der langen Entwicklungszeit der Membran entstehen, zu beseitigen und außerdem eine Vorrichtung anzugeben, die es gestattet, die verkürzte Filmbildungszeit wirtschaftlich auszunutzen. Erfindungsgemäß wird deshalb vorgeschlagen, die Filmbildung auf dem Wege der Entfernung der Lösungsanteile entscheidend abzukürzen, indem dieser Vorgang in zwei Phasen zerlegt wird, von denen in der ersten, die leichtflüchtigen Lösungsmittel (Lösungsmittel erster Art) verdunsten und in der zweiten die schwerer flüchtigen LÖsungsbestandteile (Lösungsmittel zweiter Art) durch Diffusion in einer Badflüssigkeit aus der Membran entfernt werden. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß dadurch die Zeit der Entfernung aller Lösungsmittel und Weichmacherzusätze von vielen Stunden auf Minuten herabgesetzt wird.The invention has therefore set itself the task of to eliminate the disadvantages arising from the long development time of the membrane and moreover to provide a device which allows the shortened film formation time to be economically exploited. According to the invention it is therefore proposed that the film formation on the way of removing the To shorten the solution parts decisively by dividing this process into two phases, of which in the first, the volatile solvents (solvents of the first type) evaporate and in the second the less volatile solution components (solvent of the second type) by diffusion in a bath liquid removed from the membrane. It has been found that this increases the time of removal of all solvents and plasticizers added from many hours to minutes will.
Die Verdunstung der leichtflüchtigen Löser läßt sich durch Belüftung, verbunden mit der Wahl eines bestgeeigneten Klimas, erheblich beschleunigen. Auch die Diffusion der schwerer flüchtigen Lösungsbestandteile aus der Membran in eine Badflüssigkeit läßt sich durch Anwendung des an sich, bekannten Gegenstromprinzips soi steuern, daß das Diffusionsgefälle jederzeit ein Optimum aufweist. Durch die Kombination dieser Maßnahmen ist es möglich, die Zeit der Membranbildung derart zu reduzieren, daß ein kontinuierliches Fabrikationsverfahren durchführbar ist. Zur Herstellung von Membranfiltem nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird in an sich bekannter Weise ein. kontinuierlich endlos laufendes Band aus korrosionsfestem Material mit sehr glatter Oberfläche als Unterlage für die Beschichtung verwendet und1 dieses Band mit der aufgebrachtenThe evaporation of the volatile solvents can be accelerated considerably by ventilation combined with the choice of the most suitable climate. The diffusion of the less volatile solution constituents from the membrane into a bath liquid can also be controlled by using the countercurrent principle, which is known per se, so that the diffusion gradient is at an optimum at all times. By combining these measures it is possible to reduce the membrane formation time in such a way that a continuous manufacturing process can be carried out. For the production of membrane filters according to the method according to the invention, a. continuously endless belt made of corrosion-resistant material with a very smooth surface used as a base for the coating and 1 this belt with the applied
709 756/306709 756/306
Schicht durch mehrere Kammern bzw. Behälter zur Durchführung der einzelnen Maßnahmen geleitet. Es hat sich als günstig erwiesen, das Band vor dem Eintritt in: die Belüftungskammer zunächst durch eine Vorkammer zu schicken. In der Belüftungskammer erfolgt eine Vorgelierung des Membranfilters. Anschließend läuft das Band durch einen Behälter gegen den Strom einer Flüssigkeit, die als Lösungsmittel für die schwerer flüchtigen Lösungsbestandteile und als Füllungsmittel für die Membran wirksam ist.Layer passed through several chambers or containers to carry out the individual measures. It has proven to be beneficial to first pass the tape before entering: the ventilation chamber to send an antechamber. The membrane filter pre-gels in the ventilation chamber. Then the belt runs through a container against the flow of a liquid, which is called Solvent for the less volatile components of the solution and as a filler for the membrane is effective.
Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt. Aus einem Vorratsbehälter 4 erfolgt der Zulauf der Beschiehtungslösung durch eine Leitung 5 über einen Regulierhahn 6 in das Beschichtungswehr 7. Aus diesem gelangt die Lösung durch einen Spalt auf das endlose Beschichtungsband 1, das über Umlenkrollen 2 und eine Stützrolle 3 geführt wird. Die Lösung 8 auf dem Band passiert zunächst die Vorkammer 10 und gelangt zur Vorgelierung in die Belüftungskammer 11. Die Belüftungskammer wird von einem Luftstrom durchströmt, der durch die Öffnung 12 eintritt und die Kammer durch die Öffnung 13 unter Mitnahme der leichtflüchtigen Lösungsmittel wieder verläßt. Über Umlenkrollen gelangt das Band mit der vargelierten Membran in ein Diffusionsbad 14, das durch die öffnung 20 eintretend und durch die Öffnung 21 austretend stets mit frischer Badflüssigkeit beschickt wird. Die fertige, noch feuchte Membran 9 wird durch eine Abdrängwalze 15 über Umlenkrollen und über Heizwalzen 16 durch einen Trockenkanal 18 geleitet. Der Trockenkanal wird durch ein, Belüftungssystem 17 mit Heißluft beschickt, die die Membran von beiden Seiten bestreicht. Nach Passieren des Trockenkanals wird das fertige Membranfilter auf die Walze 19 aufgespult.The invention is shown schematically in the drawing. From a storage container 4 takes place The coating solution is fed through a line 5 via a regulating valve 6 into the coating weir 7. From this, the solution passes through a gap onto the endless coating belt 1, which runs over pulleys 2 and a support roller 3 is performed. The solution 8 on the belt first passes through the antechamber 10 and reaches the aeration chamber 11 for pre-gelation. The aeration chamber is controlled by a stream of air flows through it, which enters through the opening 12 and the chamber through the opening 13 leaves again taking along the volatile solvents. The belt passes over pulleys with the variegated membrane in a diffusion bath 14, which enters through the opening 20 and through the opening 21 emerging is always charged with fresh bath liquid. The finished, still damp Membrane 9 is by a displacement roller 15 over pulleys and over heating rollers 16 by a Drying tunnel 18 passed. The drying tunnel is fed with hot air by a ventilation system 17, which smeared the membrane from both sides. After passing through the drying tunnel, the finished Membrane filter wound onto roller 19.
Claims (7)
Deutsche Patentanmeldung St 2427 XII/39a;
deutsches Gebrauchsmuster 1724 231.Considered publications:
German patent application St 2427 XII / 39a;
German utility model 1724 231.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEM31001A DE1017596B (en) | 1956-07-04 | 1956-07-04 | Method and device for the continuous production of membrane filters |
US769978A US3026571A (en) | 1956-07-04 | 1958-10-23 | Method of continuous manufacture of membrane filters |
GB8802/60A GB903270A (en) | 1956-07-04 | 1960-03-12 | Improvements in or relating to the production of membrane filters |
FR822015A FR1252393A (en) | 1956-07-04 | 1960-03-22 | Method and apparatus for the continuous manufacture of membrane filters |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEM31001A DE1017596B (en) | 1956-07-04 | 1956-07-04 | Method and device for the continuous production of membrane filters |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1017596B true DE1017596B (en) | 1957-10-17 |
Family
ID=58668680
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEM31001A Pending DE1017596B (en) | 1956-07-04 | 1956-07-04 | Method and device for the continuous production of membrane filters |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3026571A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1017596B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1252393A (en) |
GB (1) | GB903270A (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3364288A (en) * | 1962-05-25 | 1968-01-16 | Univ California | Fresh water recovery |
US3344214A (en) * | 1964-03-25 | 1967-09-26 | Univ California | Methods of preparing a semipermeable membrane |
US3483282A (en) * | 1967-12-21 | 1969-12-09 | Universal Water Corp | Production of semipermeable membranes |
US4203847A (en) * | 1977-05-25 | 1980-05-20 | Millipore Corporation | Making porous membranes and the membrane products |
GB2009031B (en) * | 1977-11-18 | 1982-03-10 | Johns Manville | Flexible microporous cellulosic membranes and methods of formation and use thereof |
JPS5584503A (en) * | 1978-12-19 | 1980-06-25 | Teijin Ltd | Preparing cellulose ester based selective permeable membrane |
US4333972A (en) * | 1980-06-25 | 1982-06-08 | Puropore, Inc. | Highly anisotropic membranes |
US5536158A (en) * | 1993-10-25 | 1996-07-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Apparatus for drying solvent based film |
GB201203546D0 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-04-11 | Whatman Gmbh | Membrane filter and a method of manufacturing the same |
US10898865B2 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2021-01-26 | American University In Cairo (AUC) | Polymer-carbon nanotube nanocomposite porous membranes |
WO2015089671A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Dana Canada Corporation | Conical heat exchanger |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1724231U (en) * | 1956-01-16 | 1956-06-14 | Troester Maschf Paul | DRUM COATING MACHINE FOR COATING FABRICS WITH RUBBER OR THERMOPLASTIC PLASTICS. |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE329117C (en) * | 1916-08-21 | 1920-11-15 | Richard Zsigmondy Dr | Membrane filters and processes for their manufacture |
US1351652A (en) * | 1919-03-13 | 1920-08-31 | John G Jarvis | Method of making pyroxylin products |
US1576523A (en) * | 1921-11-23 | 1926-03-16 | Philip A Kober | Dialyzing and evaporating membranes and process of making the same |
US1845377A (en) * | 1928-02-10 | 1932-02-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process of making nitrocellulose films and similar products |
US1878559A (en) * | 1928-06-04 | 1932-09-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process of making cellulosic films |
GB377712A (en) * | 1931-04-28 | 1932-07-28 | British Celanese | Improvements in or relating to the production of artificial filaments, threads, ribbons, films and the like of cellulose esters and ethers |
US2253157A (en) * | 1934-06-16 | 1941-08-19 | Sylvania Ind Corp | Process for producing cellulose sheets and films |
CH217497A (en) * | 1934-10-22 | 1941-10-31 | Koepp & Co R Chem Fab Ag | Process for the production of transparent structures, such as foils, films and threads, from formyl cellulose. |
US2245429A (en) * | 1937-05-18 | 1941-06-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Manufacture of photographic film base |
US2218146A (en) * | 1938-03-14 | 1940-10-15 | Du Pont | Chemical composition |
US2308949A (en) * | 1938-08-26 | 1943-01-19 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Apparatus for manufacturing continuous rubber articles |
US2714745A (en) * | 1951-08-23 | 1955-08-09 | Eastman Kodak Co | Apparatus for manufacturing sheeting |
-
1956
- 1956-07-04 DE DEM31001A patent/DE1017596B/en active Pending
-
1958
- 1958-10-23 US US769978A patent/US3026571A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1960
- 1960-03-12 GB GB8802/60A patent/GB903270A/en not_active Expired
- 1960-03-22 FR FR822015A patent/FR1252393A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1724231U (en) * | 1956-01-16 | 1956-06-14 | Troester Maschf Paul | DRUM COATING MACHINE FOR COATING FABRICS WITH RUBBER OR THERMOPLASTIC PLASTICS. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB903270A (en) | 1962-08-15 |
US3026571A (en) | 1962-03-27 |
FR1252393A (en) | 1961-01-27 |
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