DE10149905B4 - Control system for a hybrid electric vehicle - Google Patents
Control system for a hybrid electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- DE10149905B4 DE10149905B4 DE10149905A DE10149905A DE10149905B4 DE 10149905 B4 DE10149905 B4 DE 10149905B4 DE 10149905 A DE10149905 A DE 10149905A DE 10149905 A DE10149905 A DE 10149905A DE 10149905 B4 DE10149905 B4 DE 10149905B4
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
- B60W2050/0019—Control system elements or transfer functions
- B60W2050/0028—Mathematical models, e.g. for simulation
- B60W2050/0031—Mathematical model of the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
- B60W2520/105—Longitudinal acceleration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2530/00—Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
- B60W2530/10—Weight
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
- B60W2540/106—Rate of change
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/12—Brake pedal position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2552/00—Input parameters relating to infrastructure
- B60W2552/15—Road slope, i.e. the inclination of a road segment in the longitudinal direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/947—Characterized by control of braking, e.g. blending of regeneration, friction braking
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Steuerungssystem
für den
Antriebsstrang eines Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeugs, das umfaßt:
einen
Antriebsstrang mit einem Verbrennungsmotor (20), einem Elektromotor/Generator
(22) und einer Trennkupplung (24) zwischen dem Verbrennungsmotor
(20) und dem Elektromotor/Generator (22);
und einen Fahrzeugsystemregler
(36), der einen Motorregler (38) zum Regeln des Verbrennungsmotors
(20) und einen Elektromotor/Generator-Regler (42) zum Regeln des Elektromotors/Generators
(22) umfaßt;
dadurch
gekennzeichnet,
daß der
Fahrzeugsystemregler eine Vorwegnahmefunktion umfaßt, die
den Wert und die Größe der Veränderung
der Gaspedalstellung (%) und der Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit (v) zur
Berechnung des Leistungsbedarfs (P) verwendet und die verbleibende
Zeit bestimmt, bis der Leistungsbedarf eine bestimmte Schwelle nahe
des maximalen Vermögens
des Elektromotors/Generators (22) überschreitet.Control system for the powertrain of a hybrid electric vehicle, comprising:
a powertrain having an internal combustion engine (20), an electric motor / generator (22) and a disconnect clutch (24) between the internal combustion engine (20) and the electric motor / generator (22);
and a vehicle system controller (36) including an engine controller (38) for controlling the internal combustion engine (20) and an electric motor / generator controller (42) for controlling the electric motor / generator (22);
characterized,
in that the vehicle system controller includes an anticipatory function which uses the value and the magnitude of the accelerator pedal position (%) and the vehicle speed (v) to calculate the power demand (P) and determines the remaining time until the power demand reaches a certain threshold near the maximum capacity of the electric motor / generator (22) exceeds.
Description
Bereich der ErfindungField of invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich allgemein auf Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeuge (HEF) und insbesondere auf eine Methode und System zur Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit und des Fahrverhaltens der HEF, Überwachung des Wertes der Fahrzeugkomponenten und ihrer Austauschhäufigkeit, wobei die Anforderung des Fahrers vorweggenommen wird, so dass unvorhergesehene oder unerwünschte Motorfehlstarts und Leistungslücken vermieden werden.The The present invention relates generally to hybrid electric vehicles (HEF) and in particular to a method and system for improvement the effectiveness and handling of the HEF, monitoring the value of the vehicle components and their exchange frequency, the driver's requirement being anticipated, so that unforeseen or unwanted Engine failure starts and performance gaps be avoided.
Die
Notwendigkeit zur Reduzierung des Verbrauchs fossiler Brennstoffe
und des Schadstoffausstoßes durch
Automobile und andere Fahrzeuge durch innere Verbrennungsmotoren
(IVM) angetriebene Fahrzeuge ist allgemein bekannt. Es wird versucht,
diesen Notwendigkeiten durch Fahrzeuge mit Elektromotor zu begegnen.
Elektrofahrzeuge sind jedoch hinsichtlich Fahrbereich und Leistungsbereich
beschränkt
und benötigen
erhebliche Zeit zum Nachladen ihrer Batterien. Eine alternative
Lösung
besteht in der Kombination eines IVM und eines elektrischen Traktionsmotors
in einem Fahrzeug. Solche Fahrzeuge werden technisch als Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeuge
(HEF) bezeichnet. Siehe allgemein,
Das HEF ist in einer Reihe von Konfigurationen beschrieben worden. Viele HEF-Patente offenbaren Systeme, bei denen ein Bediener zwischen dem Betrieb des Elektromotors und des inneren Verbrennungsmotors wählen muss. Bei anderen Konfigurationen treibt der Elektromotor einen Satz von Rädern an, und der IVM treibt einen anderen Satz von Rädern an.The HEF has been described in a number of configurations. Lots HEF patents disclose systems where an operator between the operation of the electric motor and of the internal combustion engine got to. In other configurations, the electric motor drives one Set of wheels and the IVM powers a different set of wheels.
Andere, nützlichere Konfigurationen sind entwickelt worden. Zum Beispiel ist ein Serien-Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeug (SHEF) ein Fahrzeug mit einem Motor (am typischsten ein IVM), der einen Generator betreibt. Der Generator wiederum liefert Elektrizität für eine Batterie und einen elektrischen Traktionsmotor, der mit den Antriebsrädern des Fahrzeuges gekoppelt ist. Zwischen dem Motor und den Antriebsrädern besteht keine mechanische Verbindung. Ferner ist ein Parallel-Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeug (PHEF) ein Fahrzeug mit einem Motor (am typischsten ein IVM), Batterie und elektrischem Traktionsmotor, die gemeinsam für die Antriebsräder des Fahrzeuges Drehmoment bereitstellen.Other, more useful Configurations have been developed. For example, a series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEF) a vehicle with a motor (most typically an IVM), the operates a generator. The generator in turn provides electricity for a battery and an electric traction motor connected to the drive wheels of the Vehicle is coupled. There is between the engine and the drive wheels no mechanical connection. Furthermore, a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEF) a vehicle with a motor (most typically an IVM), battery and electric traction motor, common to the drive wheels of the vehicle Provide torque.
Ein Parallel-/Serien-Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeug (PSHEF) besitzt die Eigenschaften des PHEF und des SHEF. Das PSHEF ist auch bekannt als Konfiguration mit Drehmomentverteilung (oder Leistungsverteilung) des Antriebsstrangs. Beim PSHEF kann das Motordrehmoment dazu benutzt werden, einen Generator anzutreiben und/oder zum benötigten Drehmoment von Rad oder Abtriebswelle beizutragen. Der Generator kann Elektrizität für die Batterie erzeugen oder er kann zum benötigten Drehmoment von Rad oder Abtriebswelle beitragen. Der Traktionsmotor wird benutzt, um zum benötigten Drehmoment von Rad oder Abtriebswelle beizutragen und kann bei Einsatz einer regenerativen Bremsanlage benutzt werden, um Bremsenergie für die Batterie rückzugewinnen.One Parallel / Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PSHEF) has the features the PHEF and the SHEF. The PSHEF is also known as configuration with torque distribution (or power distribution) of the powertrain. With the PSHEF, the engine torque can be used to drive a generator to drive and / or to the required Contribute torque from the wheel or output shaft. The generator can electricity for the Generate battery or he can to the required torque of wheel or Contribute output shaft. The traction motor is used to required Torque can contribute from wheel or output shaft and can be used a regenerative braking system used to brake energy for the battery recover.
Die Wünschbarkeit der Kombination des IVM mit einem Elektromotor liegt auf der Hand. Kraftstoffverbrauch und Schadstoffe werden ohne nennenswerten Verlust von Leistung oder Fahrbereich des Fahrzeugs verringert. Dennoch bleibt noch erheblicher Raum für die Entwicklung von Wegen zur Optimierung des HEF-Betriebs. Dazu gehört die Notwendigkeit zu sichern, dass das Fahrverhalten des Fahrzeugs stetig, vorhersehbar und angenehm für den Kunden ist und dabei auch Wirksamkeit gewahrt wird.The desirability The combination of the IVM with an electric motor is obvious. Fuel consumption and pollutants are without significant loss reduced power or driving range of the vehicle. Yet there is still considerable room left for the development of ways to optimize HEF operation. To belongs the need to ensure that the driving behavior of the vehicle steady, predictable, and enjoyable for the customer and that also effectiveness is maintained.
Kritische Elemente für die Realisierung eines annehmbaren Standes beim Fahrverhalten sind die Häufigkeit und die Art der Anlass- und Abstellereignisse des Motors. Häufiges Anlassen und Abstellen des Motors kann ärgerlich sein, besonders, wenn sie nicht als Folge einer bewussten Handlung des Fahrers erfolgen. Zum Beispiel werden manche Anlass- und Abstellvorgänge durch eine Energiemanagementstrategie (EMS) gesteuert, die danach strebt, die Antriebe von Verbrennungsmotor und Elektromotor aufeinander abzustimmen, um maximale Kraftstoffsparsamkeit zu erreichen. Beispielsweise könnte die EMS den Verbrennungsmotor anlassen, wenn der Bedarf eine bestimmte Antriebsleistungsschwelle überschreitet. Der Verbrennungsmotor muss auch starten, wenn die Leistungsanforderung durch den Fahrer höher ist, als vom elektrischen System zur Verfügung steht.critical Elements for the realization of an acceptable level of driving behavior the frequency and the nature of the starting and stopping events of the engine. Frequent starting and stopping the engine can be annoying especially if they are not as a result of a conscious act done by the driver. For example, some startup and shutdown operations are performed by an energy management strategy (EMS) that seeks to the drives of combustion engine and electric motor on each other to achieve maximum fuel economy. For example could the EMS will start the engine if the need is a specific one Exceeds drive power threshold. The internal combustion engine must also start when the power requirement higher by the driver is than is available from the electrical system.
Häufige, ärgerliche, hohe Emissionen verursachende und für den Verbrennungsmotor verschleißintensive "Fehlstarts" können auftreten, wenn der Verbrennungsmotor angelassen wird, der Leistungsbedarf dann jedoch nur sehr kurzzeitig über der Antriebsleistungsschwelle, jedoch noch innerhalb des Fahrvermögens liegt. Das kann beim schnellen Einscheren in einen ansonsten langsamen Verkehr oder beim raschen Beschleunigen in dichtem Verkehr auftreten. Andererseits stellt das Anlassen eines Verbrennungsmotors eine Herausforderung dar, weil sein Moment nicht sofort zur Verfügung steht. Eine ärgerliche Leistungslücke entsteht, wenn der Verbrennungsmotor nicht etwas vor dem tatsächlichen Bedarf angelassen wird. Frequent, annoying, High-emission and "engine start-up" malfunctioning combustion engines can occur, if the engine is started, then the power requirement but only for a short time the drive power threshold, but still within the Fahrvermögens lies. This can be done in a slow slow down in an otherwise slow Traffic or rapid acceleration in dense traffic. On the other hand, starting an internal combustion engine poses a challenge because his moment is not immediately available. An annoying one performance gap arises when the internal combustion engine is not something before the actual Need is tempered.
Ein HEF-Regler(FSR) muss daher zwei Kritische Modenübergänge steuern. Der erste ist der Übergang vom stehenden Fahrzeug mit abgestelltem Verbrennungs motor zu einem Fahrzeug, das elektrischen Antrieb benutzt. Der zweite ist der Übergang vom elektrischen Antrieb zur Verbrennungsmotorleistung als Reaktion auf eine höhere Fahreranforderung. (Diese Fahreranforderung sollte nicht mit einer weniger zeitkritischen Variante des gleichen Übergangs verwechselt werden, wenn der Verbrennungsmotor angelassen wird, weil eine Batterie geladen werden soll). Die rechtzeitige Vorbereitung auf diese Übergänge wird durch "Antizipatoren" erreicht.One HEF controller (FSR) must therefore control two critical mode transitions. The first one is the transition from the stationary vehicle with the combustion engine turned off to one Vehicle using electric drive. The second is the transition from the electric drive to the engine power in response to a higher one Driver request. (This driver request should not with a less time-critical variant of the same transition be confused when the internal combustion engine is started because a battery is charging shall be). The timely preparation for these transitions will achieved by "anticipators".
Bei HEF-Betriebsstrategien entsprechend dem bisherigen Stand der Technik erfolgt die Entscheidung zum Anlassen des Verbrennungsmotors als Reaktion auf eine Antriebsanforderung des Fahrers entsprechend Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit und Antriebskraft. Die Antriebsleistung wird aus Drehmoment und Motordrehzahl bestimmt. Der Gesamtleistungsbedarf für das HEF besteht nicht nur aus der Gesamt antriebskraft, sondern beinhaltet auch alle anderen Lasten, wie Nebenaggregate und Klimaregelung. Übersteigt dieser Gesamtleistungsbedarf eine vorbestimmte Schwelle, wird Leistung vom Verbrennungsmotor und daher das Anlassen dieses Motors benötigt. Ist der Gesamtleistungsbedarf unter dem vorbestimmten Wert, stellt allein der Elektromotor Moment für den Antriebsstrang bereit. Eine Hystereseschleife ist in diese vorbestimmten Werte eingebunden, um ein zu rasches Wechseln zwischen den Betriebsarten zu vermeiden, wenn sich das Fahrzeug diesen Leistungsschwellen nähert.at HEF operating strategies according to the prior art the decision is made to start the engine as Reaction to a drive request of the driver according to vehicle speed and driving force. The drive power is made up of torque and Engine speed determined. The total power requirement for the HEF not only consists of the total driving force, but includes Also all other loads, such as ancillaries and climate control. exceeds this total power requirement becomes a predetermined threshold, becomes power from the combustion engine and therefore the starting of this engine needed. is the total power requirement below the predetermined value alone the electric motor moment for the drive train ready. A hysteresis loop is in this predetermined Values involved in order to switch between the operating modes too quickly to avoid when the vehicle approaches these performance thresholds.
Das Problem bei diesem System entsprechend dem bisherigen Stand der Technik ist der Leistungszwischenbereich über der Leistung, bei der es wirtschaftlicher ist, mit laufendem Verbrennungsmotor zu fahren (vielleicht fünf bis zehn kW für ein typisches Kompakt- bis Mittelklassefahrzeug) und unterhalb des höchsten Leistungsvermögens allein mit dem Elektromotor, bei dem der Verbrennungsmotor abgestellt bleiben kann (zwanzig bis vierzig kW für das gleiche Fahrzeug). Beim Fahren allein mit Elektroantrieb müsste ein kurzzeitiger Leistungsbedarf in diesem Zwischenbereich ohne Anlassen und wieder sofortigem Abstellen des Verbrennungsmotors ausgeglichen werden. Daher wird eine neue Antizipatorstrategie benötigt, um die Wirtschaftlichkeit und das Fahrverhalten des HEF durch vorheriges Erkennen der Notwendigkeit eines Zustands- bzw. Modenwechsels möglichst in unmittelbarer Nähe des vorbestimmten optimalen Moments zu verbessern, um dadurch bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung oder Ausschaltung von "Fehlstarts" des Verbrennungsmotors einen nahtlosen Übergang zu erhalten.The Problem with this system according to the prior art of Technique is the intermediate performance range over the performance at which it is is more economical to drive with running internal combustion engine (maybe five to ten kW for a typical compact to mid-size vehicle) and below the highest performance alone with the electric motor, in which the internal combustion engine remain parked can (twenty to forty kW for the same vehicle). When driving alone with electric drive would have a short-term power requirement in this intermediate area without starting and balanced again immediately shutdown of the engine become. Therefore, a new anticipator strategy is needed to the economy and the handling of the HEF by previous Recognizing the need for a state or mode change as possible close of the predetermined optimum moment to thereby contribute Simultaneous reduction or elimination of "false starts" of the internal combustion engine a seamless transition to obtain.
Eine erfolgreiche Funktion des "Antizipators" muss vorwegnehmen: 1) dass der Leistungsbedarf wahrscheinlich über der Antriebsleistungsschwelle aber ohne weiteres innerhalb des Vermögens von Elektromotor/Batterie bleiben wird und der Verbrennungsmotor daher so nahtlos wie möglich angelassen werden sollte oder 2) dass der Leistungsbedarf innerhalb kurzer Zeit wahrscheinlich das Vermögen von Elektromotor/Batterie übersteigt und der Verbrennungsmotor schnell in Kickdown-Manier angelassen werden sollte. Im zuletzt genannten Fall muss ein ausreichen des Motordrehmoment in Reserve gehalten werden, um die plötzliche Last des Drehmotors auszugleichen.A successful function of the "anticipator" must anticipate: 1) that the power requirement is probably above the drive power threshold but readily within the fortune of electric motor / battery remain and the internal combustion engine therefore as smooth as possible annealed should or 2) that the power needs within a short time Time probably the fortune of electric motor / battery exceeds and the engine should be started quickly in kickdown fashion. in the last case must be enough of the engine torque in Reserve held to the sudden load of the rotary motor compensate.
Aus
der
Aus
der
Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary the invention
Entsprechend ist es ein Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung, das Fahrverhalten und die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Antriebsstrangsystems eines Parallel-Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeugs (PHEF) zu verbessern, so dass das HEF sich für den Fahrzeugführer vorhersehbar und angenehm verhält.Corresponding It is an object of the present invention, the driving behavior and the economics of the powertrain system of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEF) so that the HEF is predictable for the driver and behaves pleasantly.
Insbesondere ist es ein Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Strategie zur Vermeidung des unvorhersehbaren oder unerwünschten Anlassens des Verbrennungsmotors vorzusehen, indem die Notwendigkeit für den Verbrennungsmotor des Fahrzeugs vorweggenommen wird und "Fehlstarts" des Verbrennungsmotors oder die Entstehung ärgerlicher Leistungslücken bei der Leistung des Verbrennungsmotors vermieden werden.Especially It is an object of the present invention, a strategy to avoid the unpredictable or undesirable starting of the internal combustion engine Provide for the need for the internal combustion engine of the Vehicle is anticipated and "false starts" of the internal combustion engine or the emergence annoying performance gaps be avoided in the performance of the internal combustion engine.
Es ist ein weiterer Gegenstand dieser Erfindung, Starts des Verbrennungsmotors durch Überwachung der Werte für die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit und die Fahreranforderung sowie des Maßes ihrer Veränderung vorwegzunehmen.It is another object of this invention, starts the engine by monitoring the Values for the vehicle speed and the driver demand as well as the measure to anticipate their change.
Es ist ein weiterer Gegenstand dieser Erfindung, eine Vorwegnahmestrategie bereitzustellen, die eine mathematische Funktion einer vorher festgelegten Menge von Systemveränderlichen, wie Hauptzylinderdruck (HZD), Drosselklappenstellung, Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit, Fahrzeugmasse und Straßengefälle und bei Bedarf des Einbeziehens der zeitlichen Veränderung dieser Systemveränderlichen ist. Schätzwerte der verbleibenden Zeit vom Augenblick der Schätzung bis zu dem Zeitpunkt, an dem das Fahrzeugsystem die Fahreranforderung im aktuellen Modus nicht mehr erfüllen kann, werden bestimmt. Wenn die vor dem bevorstehenden Übergang geschätzte verbleibende Zeit sich dem für die glatte Ausführung des Übergangs erforderlichen Zeitpunkt annähert, wird ein Übergangsbefehl ausgeführt.It is another object of this invention, an anticipatory strategy provide a mathematical function of a predetermined Amount of system changers, such as master cylinder pressure (HZD), throttle position, vehicle speed, Vehicle mass and road grade and if necessary, the inclusion of the temporal change of these system variables is. estimates the time remaining from the moment of the estimate to the time where the vehicle system the driver request in the current mode no longer meet can be determined. If the remaining estimated before the impending transition Time for that the smooth execution of the transition approaching the required time, becomes a transitional command executed.
KURZE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER ABBILDUNGENSHORT SUMMARY THE PICTURES
AUSFÜHRLICHE BESCHREIBUNG EINER BEVORZUGTEN AUSFÜHRUNGSFORMDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich allgemein auf Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeuge (HEF). Obwohl sich die bevorzugte Ausführungsform auf ein Parallel-HEF bezieht, könnte die Erfindung auf jede HEF-Konfiguration angewendet werden.The The present invention relates generally to hybrid electric vehicles (HEF). Although the preferred embodiment is a parallel HEF could, could the invention can be applied to any HEF configuration.
Alle
Komponenten des Antriebsstrangs werden durch einen Fahrzeugsystemregler
(FSR)
Eine
Fahrzeugbremsanlage wird durch eine regenerative Bremssteuerung
Da
der Verbrennungsmotor
Eine
einfache Maschine innerhalb der Fahrzeugsystemsteuerung
Die
Maschine dieses Zustands hat verschiedene "Merker" und Parameter zur Steuerung der Übergänge zwischen
den verschiedenen Fahrzeugzuständen
in
Merker
SYS EIN
Der
Ruhezustand IV-AUS
Ein
F BOOST
Der
Merker RGN
Das "%"ist einfach eine Gaspedalstellung in
Prozent des vollen Bereiches von 0 bis 100 Prozent. Die Bezeichnung "Vc" ist eine kritische
Drehzahl, unterhalb der der Elektromotor/Generator
Der
Ruhezustand IV Ein
Der
Zustand Ruhe IV Aus
Der
Zustand elektrischer E-Antrieb niedrige Drehzahl
Der
Zustand IV Stopp
Bei
der Festlegung der Zustandsübergänge rein
unter dem Blickwinkel der Kraftstoffeinsparung sollten alle Antriebsstrangmomente
unterhalb einer recht niedrigen Antriebskraftschwelle, typischerweise
im Bereich von 5 kW bis 12 kW für
ein Kompakt- oder Mittelklassefahrzeug, elektrisch sein. Wenn der
Verbrennungsmotor
Ergänzt man
zu den Übergängen die
Fahreranforderung, werden wenigstens zwei Überlegungen berücksichtigt:
1) ob der momentane Leistungsbedarf bei der aktuellen Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit
die Antriebskraftschwelle übersteigt
und 2) ob die angenommene Zeit, in der der Leistungsbedarf bei der
aktuellen Gaspedalstellung und Fahrzeugbeschleunigung kleiner als
die Zeit wird, die zum Anlassen des Verbrennungsmotors
Bei Verwendung der bevorzugten Ausführungsform und des oben beschriebenen Verfahrens zum Anlassen des Verbrennungsmotors verwendet die Vorwegnahmefunktion den Wert und die Größe der Veränderung der Eingangskennwerte, in diesem Fall die Gaspedalstellung "%" und die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit "v", die gemeinsam zur Berechnung des Leistungsbedarfs "P" benutzt werden und bestimmt die verbleibende Zeit, bis der Leistungsbedarf eine bestimmte Schwelle nahe des maximalen Vermögens des elektrischen Antriebssystems überschreitet.at Use of the preferred embodiment and the above-described method for starting the internal combustion engine the anticipation function uses the value and the magnitude of the change the input characteristics, in this case the accelerator pedal position "%" and the vehicle speed "v", which are used together to calculate the power demand "P" and determines the remaining one Time until the power requirement reaches a certain threshold near the maximum assets of the electric drive system.
Bei
der bevorzugten Ausführungsform
dieser Erfindung wird der Antizipator für den ersten dieser Übergänge – "Antriebsbereitschaft
herstellen" – dazu benutzt,
um den Antriebsmotor im Vorfeld auf seine "Leerlaufdrehzahl" zu bringen. Das erzeugt hydraulischen
Druck als Vorbereitung der Abgabe von Moment an die Räder. Der
Elektromotor/Generator
Von
diesen vier ist die rasche Verringerung des Bremsdrucks am kritischsten.
Ein sich verringernder Bremsdruck kann auch bei Verbleiben eines
Restdrucks die Absicht zum Anfahren lange vor der eigentlichen Momenterwartung
des Fahrers als Reaktion auf die Gasbetätigung, die einen großen Sekundenbruchteil
später
erfolgt, anzeigen. Damit kann der Antizipator den Elektromotor/Generator
Der
zweite kritische Übergang – "Schalten auf Verbrennungsmotorleistung" – ist komplexer. Hier ist es wichtig, "Fehlstarts" zu vermeiden, bei
denen der Verbren nungsmotor
Die
hier vorgeschlagene Antizipatorstrategie verlangt, dass der Elektromotor/Generator
Fällt die
Spitze des Antizipators durch Reduzierung von Geschwindigkeit und/oder
Anforderung unter die Schwelle der Antriebsleistung, dürfte der
Verbrennungsmotor nicht angelassen werden. Liegt der Antizipatorvektor
innerhalb des Vermögens
des Elektromotors, erfolgt die Entscheidung zum Anlassen des Verbrennungsmotors
auf der Grundlage von Wirksamkeit. Diese Entscheidung beruht auf
einer bestimmten Kombination eines laufenden Durchschnitts von Leistungsanforderung
und aufgelegter Hysterese auf der Antriebsleistungsschwelle (z.
B. Verwenden einer oberen Schwelle zum Anlassen und einer niederen
Schwelle zum Abstellen des Verbrennungsmotors). Ein zufälliges Weiterlaufen
des Verbrennungsmotors
Bei
der bevorzugten Ausführungsform
der vorliegenden Erfindung kann die Antriebsleistungsschwelle, bei
der der Verbrennungsmotor
Ist,
wie in
Wenn
es zum Beispiel eine Sekunde dauert, den Verbrennungsmotor
Antizipatoren
können
auch bestimmen, ob der Verbrennungsmotor
Beim
Betrieb des HEF-Systems in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform muss der Elektromotor/Generator
Andere Fahrzeugbedingungen und Steuerungsparameter können bei künftigen Antizipatorstrategien beachtet werden. Auch können zur Verbesserung des Gesamtfahrverhaltens des Systems komplexere Funktionen als die hier beschriebenen einfachen linearen Abhängigkeiten benutzt werden.Other Vehicle conditions and control parameters may be considered in future anticipator strategies become. Also can To improve the overall ride of the system more complex Functions as the simple linear dependencies described here to be used.
Claims (6)
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US68647200A | 2000-10-11 | 2000-10-11 | |
US686472 | 2000-10-11 |
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DE10149905A1 DE10149905A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
DE10149905B4 true DE10149905B4 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
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DE (1) | DE10149905B4 (en) |
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- 2002-08-29 US US10/230,707 patent/US7021409B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2008
- 2008-05-22 US US12/125,101 patent/US7753150B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102008057384A1 (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2009-07-02 | Daimler Ag | Hybrid drive controlling method for vehicle, involves using electrical energy for hybrid drive in drive operation, and controlling functions of combustion engine and electric motor by control unit depending on identified traffic condition |
DE102008061512A1 (en) | 2008-12-10 | 2009-09-17 | Daimler Ag | Method for controlling hybrid drive of vehicle, involves operating hybrid drive, which has internal combustion engine and electric motor in braking mode as generator and stores electrical energy in energy storage |
DE102009059128A1 (en) | 2009-12-19 | 2011-06-22 | Daimler AG, 70327 | Method for traffic condition determination in vehicle, involves determining road map location information by locating device, and getting traffic information using traffic information receiver |
DE102010062379A1 (en) | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for driving a motor vehicle |
WO2012072316A1 (en) | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for driving a motor vehicle |
DE102010055282A1 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2011-08-25 | Daimler AG, 70327 | Method for controlling hybrid drive of vehicle, involves operating hybrid drive having combustion engine and electric motor within brake drive as generator and storing electricity in energy storage |
DE102011075883A1 (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-22 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Method for operating a drive train of a hybrid vehicle |
DE102011050980A1 (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-13 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a hybrid vehicle |
DE102011050980B4 (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2023-10-12 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a hybrid vehicle |
DE102013000548B3 (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-04-17 | Audi Ag | A drive system for a motor vehicle and method for operating a drive system for a motor vehicle |
WO2014111121A2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-24 | Audi Ag | Drive system for a motor vehicle and method for operating a drive system for a motor vehicle |
DE102015223588A1 (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Control system with at least one electronic control unit for controlling an internal combustion engine in a hybrid vehicle |
US10513252B2 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2019-12-24 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Control system having at least one electronic control unit for controlling an internal combustion engine in a hybrid vehicle |
US10843678B2 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2020-11-24 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Control system having at least one electronic control unit for controlling an internal combustion engine in a hybrid vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030006076A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
GB2370130B (en) | 2004-10-06 |
DE10149905A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
US20080224478A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
US7753150B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
GB0122744D0 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
GB2370130A (en) | 2002-06-19 |
US7021409B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
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