DE10012221A1 - Hybrid drive for motor vehicle has variable ratio main gearbox, first electrical machine for connection to main drive train for delivering power to or tapping power from main drive train - Google Patents
Hybrid drive for motor vehicle has variable ratio main gearbox, first electrical machine for connection to main drive train for delivering power to or tapping power from main drive trainInfo
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- DE10012221A1 DE10012221A1 DE10012221A DE10012221A DE10012221A1 DE 10012221 A1 DE10012221 A1 DE 10012221A1 DE 10012221 A DE10012221 A DE 10012221A DE 10012221 A DE10012221 A DE 10012221A DE 10012221 A1 DE10012221 A1 DE 10012221A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
- B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hybridantriebseinrichtung für Kraftfahrzeuge gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a hybrid drive device for Motor vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1.
Eine Hybridantriebseinrichtung dieser Art ist aus Fig. 28 und der zugehörigen Beschreibung der EP 0839683 A2 bekannt. Das Hauptgetriebe ist ein Planetengetriebe. Der Hauptantriebsmotor ist ein Verbrennungsmotor. Der Hauptantriebsmotor ist mit dem Planetenträger des Planetengetriebes antriebsmäßig verbunden. Eine erste elektrische Maschine, welche alternativ als Elektromotor oder als Generator betreibbar ist, ist mit dem Sonnenrad des Planetengetriebes antriebsmäßig verbunden. Das Hohlrad des Planetengetriebes ist über einen weiteren Getriebezug mit einer Fahrzeug-Vorderradachse antriebsmäßig verbunden. Eine zweite elektrische Maschine, welche wahlweise als Elektromotor oder als Generator betreibbar ist, ist antriebsmäßig mit einer Hinterradachse des Kraftfahrzeuges verbunden. Die Abtriebsdrehzahl des Planetengetriebes, d. h. die Drehzahl seines Hohlrades, ist abhängig sowohl von der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors als auch von der Drehzahl der ersten elektrischen Maschine und dadurch in Abhängigkeit von diesen beiden variabel. Das Planetengetriebe hat somit zwei Hauptantriebsstränge, von welchen es antreibbar ist, nämlich einen zum Verbrennungsmotor und einen zur ersten elektrischen Maschine.A hybrid drive device of this type is known from FIG. 28 and the associated description of EP 0839683 A2. The main gear is a planetary gear. The main drive motor is an internal combustion engine. The main drive motor is drivingly connected to the planet carrier of the planetary gear. A first electrical machine, which can alternatively be operated as an electric motor or as a generator, is drivingly connected to the sun gear of the planetary gear. The ring gear of the planetary gear is drivingly connected to a vehicle front wheel axle via a further gear train. A second electrical machine, which can be operated either as an electric motor or as a generator, is connected in terms of drive to a rear wheel axle of the motor vehicle. The output speed of the planetary gear, ie the speed of its ring gear, is dependent both on the speed of the internal combustion engine and on the speed of the first electrical machine and is therefore variable as a function of these two. The planetary gear thus has two main drive trains, of which it can be driven, namely one for the internal combustion engine and one for the first electrical machine.
Üblicherweise werden jedoch in Kraftfahrzeugen Getriebe mit variabler Übersetzung verwendet, welche nur über einen einzigen Hauptantriebsstrang antreibbar sind, welcher mit einem Hauptmotor verbunden oder verbindbar ist. Der Hauptmotor ist meistens ein Verbrennungsmotor, kann jedoch auch ein Elektromotor, der mit einer Batterie und/oder einer Brennstoffzelle betrieben wird, oder eine andere Art von Motor sein. Das Getriebe mit variabler Übersetzung kann ein manuell schaltbares Mehrganggetriebe, ein Automatikgetriebe oder ein automatisch oder halbautomatisch schaltbares Mehrgangwechselgetriebe, oder ein Getriebe mit stufenlos variabler Antriebsübersetzung, ein sogenanntes Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT) sein.Usually, however, transmissions are used in motor vehicles variable translation, which uses only one Main drive train are drivable, which with a Main motor is connected or connectable. The main engine is mostly an internal combustion engine, but can also be a Electric motor with a battery and / or one Fuel cell powered, or some other type of engine his. The variable ratio gearbox can be a manual switchable multi-speed transmission, an automatic transmission or a switchable automatically or semi-automatically Multi-speed change gearbox, or a gearbox with continuously variable variable drive ratio, a so-called continuous Variable transmission (CVT).
Durch die Erfindung soll die Aufgabe gelöst werden, einen Hybridantrieb für Kraftfahrzeuge derart auszubilden, daß er auch bei üblichen Kombinationen von Hauptmotor und Hauptgetriebe mit variabler Getriebeübersetzung anwendbar ist, ohne daß der Hauptmotor und das Hauptgetriebe sowie der diese beiden Teile miteinander verbindende Hauptantriebsstrang prinzipiell verändert werden müssen bezüglich ihrer Konstruktion oder ihrer räumlichen Anordnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug. Ferner soll eine solche Hybridantriebseinrichtung es ermöglichen, das Kraftfahrzeug wahlweise nur mit dem Hauptantriebsmotor und/oder einer oder beiden der elektrischen Maschinen anzutreiben. Ferner soll ein permanenter Allradantrieb möglich sein.The object of the invention is to solve a problem Train hybrid drive for motor vehicles such that he also with usual combinations of main motor and Main gear with variable gear ratio is applicable, without the main motor and the main gear as well as this main drive train connecting both parts in principle must be changed with regard to their Construction or their spatial arrangement in one Motor vehicle. Furthermore, such Hybrid drive device enable the motor vehicle optionally only with the main drive motor and / or one or to drive both of the electrical machines. Furthermore, a permanent all-wheel drive may be possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1 solved.
Demgemäß betrifft die Erfindung eine Hybridantriebseinrichtung für Kraftfahrzeuge, enthaltend eine erste Antriebsanordnung, welche zum Antrieb einer ersten Fahrzeugradachse einen Hauptmotor, ein Hauptgetriebe, einen Hauptantriebsstrang zwischen dem Hauptmotor und dem Hauptgetriebe, und mindestens eine erste elektrische Maschine aufweist, die alternativ als Elektromotor oder als Generator betreibbar ist; eine zweite Antriebsanordnung, welche zum Antrieb einer zweiten Fahrzeugradachse mindestens eine zweite elektrische Maschine aufweist, die alternativ als Elektromotor oder als Generator betreibbar ist; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Hauptgetriebe ein Getriebe mit variabler Übersetzung ist und daß die erste elektrische Maschine der ersten Antriebsanordnung mit dem Hauptantriebsstrang antriebsmäßig verbunden oder verbindbar ist zur Leistungsabgabe oder zur Leistungsaufnahme am Hauptantriebsstrang.Accordingly, the invention relates to a hybrid drive device for motor vehicles, comprising a first drive arrangement, which one for driving a first vehicle wheel axle Main engine, a main transmission, a main drive train between the main engine and the main gearbox, and at least has a first electrical machine, which alternatively as Electric motor or as a generator is operable; a second Drive arrangement which drives a second Vehicle wheel axis at least one second electrical machine has, alternatively as an electric motor or as a generator is operable; characterized in that the main transmission is a variable ratio gearbox and that the first electrical machine of the first drive arrangement with the Main drive train is drivingly connected or connectable for power delivery or for power consumption on Main powertrain.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten.Further features of the invention are in the subclaims contain.
Anstelle einer einzigen ersten elektrischen Maschine oder einer einzigen zweiten elektrischen Maschine können selbstverständlich auch jeweils mehrere erste elektrische Maschinen und/oder mehrere zweite elektrische Maschinen verwendet werden. Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die Verwendung jeweils nur einer einzigen elektrischen Maschine begrenzt.Instead of a single first electrical machine or one single second electrical machine can of course also several first electrical ones Machines and / or several second electrical machines be used. The invention is not on use limited to only one electrical machine at a time.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden mit Bezug auf die Zeichnungen anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsformen als Beispiele beschrieben. In den Zeichnungen zeigenThe invention will now be described with reference to the drawings using preferred embodiments as examples described. Show in the drawings
Fig. 1 schematisch eine Hybridantriebseinrichtung nach der Erfindung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, bei welchem ein Hauptantriebsmotor und mindestens eine erste elektrische Maschine auf die hintere Fahrzeugradachse wirken, Fig. 1 is a hybrid drive device according to the invention for a motor vehicle, in which a main drive motor and at least one first electrical machine appear schematically on the rear vehicle wheel,
Fig. 2 eine Hybridantriebseinrichtung nach der Erfindung für Kraftfahrzeuge, bei welchem der Hauptantriebsmotor und mindestens eine erste elektrische Maschine auf die vordere Fahrzeugradachse wirken. Fig. 2 shows a hybrid drive device according to the invention for motor vehicles, in which the main drive motor and at least one first electrical machine act on the front vehicle wheel axis.
Die Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen je einen Hybridantrieb 2 bzw. 2-2 für ein Kraftfahrzeug, welches mindestens eine Hinterradachse 4 mit Fahrzeugrädern 4-1 und 4-2 und eine Vorderradachse 6 mit lenkbaren Fahrzeugrädern 6-1 und 6-2 aufweist. Figs. 1 and 2 each show a hybrid drive 2 or 2-2 for a motor vehicle, having at least one rear wheel axle 4 with vehicle wheels 4-1 and 4-2 and a front wheel axle 6 with steerable vehicle wheels 6-1 and 6-2.
Jede Hybridantriebseinrichtung 2 und 2-2 der Fig. 1 und 2 enthält eine erste Antriebsanordnung 8, welche einen Hauptmotor 10, z. B. einen Verbrennungsmotor oder eine Elektromaschine, ein Hauptgetriebe 12 und einen Hauptantriebsstrang 14 zwischen dem Hauptmotor 10 und dem Hauptgetriebe 12 aufweist.Each hybrid drive device 2 and 2-2 of FIGS. 1 and 2 contains a first drive arrangement 8 , which a main motor 10 , z. B. has an internal combustion engine or an electric machine, a main transmission 12 and a main drive train 14 between the main motor 10 and the main transmission 12 .
Der Hauptantriebsstrang 14 enthält vorzugsweise eine Hauptkupplung 16, mit welcher die Antriebsverbindung trennbar ist, durch welche der Hauptantriebsstrang 14 den Hauptmotor 10 mit der Antriebsseite des Hauptgetriebes 12 verbindet.The main drive train 14 preferably contains a main clutch 16 , with which the drive connection can be separated, through which the main drive train 14 connects the main motor 10 to the drive side of the main transmission 12 .
Das Hauptgetriebe 12 ist ein Getriebe mit variabler Übersetzung, beispielsweise ein manuell schaltbares Mehrganggetriebe, ein Automatikgetriebe oder ein automatisch oder halbautomatisch schaltbares Mehrganggetriebe, oder ein Getriebe mit stufenlos variabler Antriebsübersetzung, ein sogenanntes Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT).The main transmission 12 is a transmission with a variable ratio, for example a manually shiftable multi-speed transmission, an automatic transmission or an automatically or semi-automatically shiftable multi-speed transmission, or a transmission with a continuously variable drive ratio, a so-called continuous variable transmission (CVT).
Je nach Art des Hauptgetriebes 12 kann die Hauptkupplung 16 von einem Fahrer durch ein Kupplungspedal oder automatisch betätigt werden. Wenn das Hauptgetriebe 12 ein automatisches Getriebe mit einem Drehmomentwandler ist, dann ist die Hauptkupplung 16 nicht erforderlich.Depending on the type of main transmission 12 , the main clutch 16 can be actuated by a driver by means of a clutch pedal or automatically. If the main transmission 12 is an automatic transmission with a torque converter, then the main clutch 16 is not required.
Zur ersten Antriebsanordnung 8 gehört auch mindestens eine erste elektrische Maschine 18, die über einen Getriebezug 20 mit dem Hauptantriebsstrang 14 an einer zwischen der Hauptkupplung 16 und der Antriebsseite 15 des Hauptgetriebes 12 gelegenen Stelle antriebsmäßig verbunden ist. Die erste elektrische Maschine ist alternativ als Generator zur Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom oder als Elektromotor betreibbar, so daß das Hauptgetriebe 12 auf seiner Antriebsseite 15 alternativ nur vom Hauptmotor 10 oder nur vom Elektromotor 18 oder von beiden antreibbar ist. In der Funktion als Generator ist die elektrische Maschine 18 vom Hauptmotor 10 oder vom Hauptgetriebe 12 antreibbar. The first drive arrangement 8 also includes at least one first electrical machine 18 , which is connected via a gear train 20 to the main drive train 14 at a point located between the main clutch 16 and the drive side 15 of the main transmission 12 . The first electrical machine can alternatively be operated as a generator for generating electrical current or as an electric motor, so that the main gear 12 on its drive side 15 can alternatively be driven only by the main motor 10 or only by the electric motor 18 or by both. In the function as a generator, the electrical machine 18 can be driven by the main motor 10 or by the main gear 12 .
Gemäß einer nicht gezeigten anderen Ausführungsform ist die elektrische Maschine 18 über den Getriebezug 20 an einer zwischen dem Hauptmotor 10 und der Hauptkupplung 16 gelegenen Stelle mit dem Hauptantriebsstrang 14 antriebsmäßig verbunden. Darüber hinaus kann diese erste Maschine auch innerhalb des Getriebes oder am Getriebeausgang installiert werden und das Moment übertragen.According to another embodiment, not shown, the electrical machine 18 is connected to the main drive train 14 via the gear train 20 at a point located between the main motor 10 and the main clutch 16 . In addition, this first machine can also be installed within the gearbox or at the gearbox output and transmit the torque.
Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 ist die Abtriebsseite 24 des bezüglich seiner Übersetzung variablen Hauptgetriebes 12 über ein Differenzialgetriebe 26 mit der Hinterachse 4 antriebsmäßig verbunden, bei der Ausführungsform von Fig. 2 statt dessen mit der Vorderradachse 6.In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the driven side 24 of the main transmission 12, which is variable in terms of its transmission ratio, is connected to the rear axle 4 via a differential gear 26 , in the embodiment of FIG. 2 instead to the front wheel axle 6 .
Bei beiden Ausführungsformen nach den Fig. 1 und 2 ist eine zweite Antriebsanordnung 28 vorgesehen, welche mindestens eine zweite elektrische Maschine 30 aufweist, welche in Fig. 1 über einen zweiten Getriebezug 32 mit der Vorderradachse 6 und in Fig. 6 (mit oder ohne zweiten Getriebezug) mit der Hinterradachse 4 antriebsmäßig verbunden ist. In Fig. 2 ist die zweite elektrische Maschine 30 mit einem nicht im Detail gezeigten Ausgleichsgehäuse des Differenzialgetriebes 26 antriebsmäßig verbunden. Gemäß anderer Ausführungsformen kann die zweite elektrische Maschine 30 um das Gehäuse des Differenzialgetriebes herum koaxial zur Hinterradachse 4 angeordnet sein, wie dies z. B. aus der EP 0839683 A2 bekannt ist.In both embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a second drive arrangement 28 is provided, which has at least one second electrical machine 30 , which in FIG. 1 has a second gear train 32 with the front wheel axle 6 and in FIG. 6 (with or without a second Gear train) is drivingly connected to the rear wheel axle 4 . In Fig. 2, the second electrical machine 30 is drivingly connected to a differential housing of the differential gear 26, not shown in detail. According to other embodiments, the second electrical machine 30 can be arranged around the housing of the differential gear coaxially with the rear wheel axle 4 , as is shown, for example, in B. is known from EP 0839683 A2.
Die zweite elektrische Maschine 30 der zweiten Antriebsanordnung 28 ist wahlweise als Elektromotor zum Antrieb der mit ihm antriebsmäßig verbundenen Fahrzeugradachse, d. h. der Vorderradachse 6 von Fig. 1 oder der Hinterradachse 4 von Fig. 4, verwendbar, entweder allein oder in Kombination mit dem Hauptmotor 10 und/oder der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine 18 der ersten Antriebsanordnung 8, oder als elektrischer Generator benutzbar, welcher von der mit ihm antriebsmäßig verbundenen Fahrzeugradachse 6 von Fig. 1 bzw. 4 von Fig. 2 antreibbar ist.The second electrical machine 30 of the second drive arrangement 28 can optionally be used as an electric motor for driving the vehicle wheel axle connected to it in terms of drive, ie the front wheel axle 6 from FIG. 1 or the rear wheel axle 4 from FIG. 4, either alone or in combination with the main motor 10 and / or the at least one electrical machine 18 of the first drive arrangement 8 , or can be used as an electrical generator, which can be driven by the vehicle wheel axle 6 of FIG. 1 or 4 of FIG. 2 connected to it by drive.
Alle elektrischen Maschinen 18 und 30 können jeweils fest oder über eine Kupplung antriebsmäßig verbunden oder verbindbar sein.All electrical machines 18 and 30 can each be connected or connectable in a fixed manner or by means of a clutch.
Die elektrischen Maschinen 18 und 30 können koaxial direkt auf den von ihnen anzutreibenden Achsen angeordnet sein. Das bedeutet, daß die erste elektrische Maschine 18 der ersten Antriebsanordnung 8 axial auf dem Hauptantriebsstrang 14 angeordnet sein kann, in welchem Falle ihr Getriebezug 20 entfällt, und es bedeutet, daß die zweite elektrische Maschine 30 der zweiten Antriebsanordnung 28 koaxial auf der von ihr anzutreibenden Vorderradachse 6 von Fig. 1 bzw. Hinterradachse 4 von Fig. 2 angeordnet sein kann. In letzterem Falle können auch zwei zweite elektrische Maschinen 30 vorgesehen werden, von welchen je eine auf jeder Achshälfte der mit ihr antriebsmäßig verbundenen oder zu verbindenden Radachse 6 bzw. 4 angeordnet sein kann.The electrical machines 18 and 30 can be arranged coaxially directly on the axes to be driven by them. This means that the first electrical machine 18 of the first drive arrangement 8 can be arranged axially on the main drive train 14 , in which case its gear train 20 is omitted, and it means that the second electrical machine 30 of the second drive arrangement 28 coaxially on the one to be driven by it Front wheel axle 6 of FIG. 1 or rear wheel axle 4 of FIG. 2 can be arranged. In the latter case, two second electrical machines 30 can also be provided, one of which can be arranged on each axle half of the wheel axle 6 or 4 connected or to be connected to it in terms of drive.
Die elektrischen Maschinen 18 und 30 werden von einer elektronischen Motor- und Getriebesteuereinrichtung 36 in Abhängigkeit von vorbestimmten Kriterien und von Betriebsbedingungen des Kraftfahrzeuges als Elektromotor oder als Generator betrieben. Im Generatorbetrieb erzeugen sie elektrischen Strom, welcher in einem Stromspeicher 38, normalerweise eine Batterie, gespeichert wird. Diese gleiche Batterie 38 liefert den Strom für die elektrischen Maschinen 18 und 30, wenn die eine oder die andere dieser elektrischen Maschinen als Elektromotor arbeitet. Da jeweils die eine elektrische Maschine 18 oder 30 als Generator arbeiten kann, während die andere als Elektromotor benutzt wird, ist auch bei Verwendung eines relativ kleinen Energiespeichers 38 permanenter Allradantrieb möglich. Bei Allradantrieb ist die eine Fahrzeugradachse, d. h. die Hinterradachse 4 in Fig. 1 bzw. die Vorderradachse 6 in Fig. 2, von dem Hauptmotor 10 antreibbar, wobei die mit ihm antriebsmäßig verbundene erste elektrische Maschine 18 als Generator zur Stromerzeugung (oder als Elektromotor) betreibbar ist, und die zweite elektrische Maschine 30 die betreffende andere Fahrzeugradachse antreibt, d. h. in Fig. 1 die Vorderradachse 6 und in Fig. 2 die Hinterradachse 4.The electrical machines 18 and 30 are operated by an electronic motor and transmission control device 36 as an electric motor or as a generator depending on predetermined criteria and on operating conditions of the motor vehicle. In generator mode, they generate electrical power, which is stored in a power store 38 , usually a battery. This same battery 38 provides the power for the electrical machines 18 and 30 when one or the other of these electrical machines works as an electric motor. Since one electrical machine 18 or 30 can work as a generator while the other is used as an electric motor, permanent all-wheel drive is possible even when using a relatively small energy store 38 . In the case of all-wheel drive, the one vehicle wheel axle, ie the rear wheel axle 4 in FIG. 1 or the front wheel axle 6 in FIG. 2, can be driven by the main motor 10 , the first electric machine 18 connected to it as a generator for generating electricity (or as an electric motor). is operable, and the second electrical machine 30 drives the relevant other vehicle wheel axle, ie the front wheel axle 6 in FIG. 1 and the rear wheel axle 4 in FIG. 2.
Die Erfindung hat insbesondere folgende Vorteile: Die mit dem Hauptantriebsmotor 10 antriebsmäßig verbundene oder verbindbare mindestens eine erste elektrische Maschine 18 kann wahlweise als Motor oder als Generator oder als Starter zum Starten des als Verbrennungsmotor ausgebildeten Hauptmotors 10 benutzt werden; die variable Übersetzung des Hauptgetriebes 12 ist nicht nur für den Fahrzeugantrieb durch den Hauptmotor 10, sondern auch für den Fahrzeugantrieb durch die mindestens eine erste elektrische Maschine 18 verwendbar; es ist ein permanenter Allradantrieb möglich; es ist ein schnelles und sicheres elektrisches Anfahren im Start/Stop-Fahrbetrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges möglich; es ist eine Rekuperation (Energierückgewinnung) und damit eine Stromerzeugung über alle vier Räder der beiden Fahrzeugradachsen 4 und 6 möglich; für hohen Leistungsbedarf, beispielsweise bei Fahrzeugüberholmanövern und beim Schleppen von Anhängerlasten am Berg, ist eine Leistungsaddition von allen drei Antriebseinheiten möglich, d. h. dem Hauptmotor 10 und der ersten elektrischen Maschine 18 sowie der zweiten elektrischen Maschine 30; die variable Übersetzung des Hauptgetriebes 12 (Schaltgetriebe oder Automatikgetriebe oder CVT oder dergleichen) ermöglicht es, die mindestens eine erste elektrische Maschine 18 sowohl im Generatorbetrieb als auch im Betrieb als Elektromotor in einem günstigen Betriebspunkt zu betreiben; der elektrische Energiespeicher 38 ist auch bei Fahrzeugstillstand elektrisch aufladbar durch Antrieb der ersten elektrischen Maschine 18 von dem Hauptmotor 10; der als Verbrennungsmotor oder Elektromotor ausgebildete Hauptmotor 10 kann durch die variable Übersetzung des Hauptgetriebes 12 in einem günstigen Betriebspunkt mit geringem Energiebedarf betrieben werden; hoher Wirkungsgrad durch Vermeidung von Energieverlusten im Antriebsstrang; alle elektrischen Maschinen 18 und 30 sind als elektrische Bremsen zum Abbremsen des Kraftfahrzeuges verwendbar, wobei die Bremsenergie in elektrische Energie umwandelbar ist; der Hauptmotor 10 und das übersetzungsvariable Hauptgetriebe 12 bilden einen handelsüblichen Antriebsstrang, welcher durch die elektrischen Maschinen 18 und 30 einen Hybridantrieb bildet, ohne daß der handelsübliche Antriebsstrang konstruktiv oder räumlich prinzipiell verändert zu werden braucht; die gesamte Hybridantriebseinrichtung kann aus handelsüblichen Teilen hergestellt werden, benötigt wenig Raum und hat ein geringes Gewicht. Die Elektromaschine 18 kann aber auch innerhalb des Getriebes oder sogar am Getriebeausgang das Moment übertragen und installiert werden.The invention has the following advantages in particular: the at least one first electrical machine 18 that is connected or connectable to the main drive motor 10 by drive can be used either as a motor or as a generator or as a starter for starting the main motor 10 designed as an internal combustion engine; the variable transmission ratio of the main transmission 12 can be used not only for the vehicle drive by the main motor 10 , but also for the vehicle drive by the at least one first electrical machine 18 ; permanent all-wheel drive is possible; a quick and safe electrical start-up in the start / stop driving mode of the motor vehicle is possible; recuperation (energy recovery) and thus electricity generation via all four wheels of the two vehicle wheel axles 4 and 6 are possible; for high power requirements, for example in vehicle overtaking maneuvers and when towing trailer loads on the mountain, it is possible to add power from all three drive units, ie the main motor 10 and the first electrical machine 18 and the second electrical machine 30 ; the variable transmission ratio of the main transmission 12 (manual transmission or automatic transmission or CVT or the like) makes it possible to operate the at least one first electrical machine 18 in a favorable operating point both in generator operation and in operation as an electric motor; the electrical energy store 38 can also be electrically charged when the vehicle is at a standstill by driving the first electrical machine 18 from the main motor 10 ; the main motor 10 , which is designed as an internal combustion engine or an electric motor, can be operated by the variable transmission ratio of the main gear 12 in a favorable operating point with low energy consumption; high efficiency by avoiding energy losses in the drive train; all electrical machines 18 and 30 can be used as electrical brakes for braking the motor vehicle, the braking energy being convertible into electrical energy; the main motor 10 and the variable-ratio main gear 12 form a commercially available drive train, which forms a hybrid drive through the electrical machines 18 and 30 , without the commercial drive train having to be changed in principle in terms of construction or space; the entire hybrid drive device can be made from commercially available parts, requires little space and is light in weight. The electric machine 18 can, however, also transmit and install the torque within the transmission or even at the transmission output.
Claims (7)
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DE10012221A DE10012221A1 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2000-03-14 | Hybrid drive for motor vehicle has variable ratio main gearbox, first electrical machine for connection to main drive train for delivering power to or tapping power from main drive train |
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DE10012221A DE10012221A1 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2000-03-14 | Hybrid drive for motor vehicle has variable ratio main gearbox, first electrical machine for connection to main drive train for delivering power to or tapping power from main drive train |
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CN1296223C (en) * | 2003-11-18 | 2007-01-24 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Method and system for controlling regenerative braking of a four wheel drive electric vehicle |
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