CN87106831A - The composition of granular metal - Google Patents

The composition of granular metal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN87106831A
CN87106831A CN87106831.1A CN87106831A CN87106831A CN 87106831 A CN87106831 A CN 87106831A CN 87106831 A CN87106831 A CN 87106831A CN 87106831 A CN87106831 A CN 87106831A
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Prior art keywords
granular composition
metal
particle
refractory material
composition
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CN87106831.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1012803B (en
Inventor
理查德·迈克尔·乔丹
伊恩·罗伯特·休斯
特里维·考特尼·威利斯
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Rio Tinto Alcan International Ltd
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Alcan International Ltd Canada
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Publication of CN87106831A publication Critical patent/CN87106831A/en
Publication of CN1012803B publication Critical patent/CN1012803B/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1042Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by atomising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0036Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/088Fluid nozzles, e.g. angle, distance

Abstract

The present invention introduces a kind of particulate composition, the disperse phase that it has metal (as aluminium alloy) continuous phase and fuses the refractory material (as SiC) in continuous phase.This composition is by making aluminum alloy flow atomization form the spray that metal drips, and makes to metal flow or fog-like object leading in fine grain fireproof material.The granular composition that is produced can be made solid product through compacting.

Description

The present invention relates to granular composition, wherein particle has continuous metal phase, for example aluminium alloy.
European patent application specification EPA105595 has introduced the aluminium alloy that contains many Cr, Zr and Mn element.Molten alloy for example produces granular solid with spraying or splash casting by cooling fast, and wherein most alloy addition remains in the solid solution.This material compaction can be become a kind of product with powder metallurgical technique, this product can age-hardening in 300 ℃ to 500 ℃ temperature range, and 150 ℃ to the 450 ℃ intensity that keep product for a long time.
European patent application specification EPA128260 has introduced the technology of metallic vapour manufacturing less than 10 microns composition grain that adopt.
BP GB2115014 has introduced molten metal drop and has combined the method for making block (promptly not being particle) product with the particulate refractory material.
Germany patent DE2124199 has introduced the spray method of making metal dust, and its particle surface scribbles the refractory material of particulate.
European patent application specification EPA147769 has introduced the aluminum alloy granule shape method for compositions that has the particulate refractory material with the manufacturing of physical method alloying.
BP GB1548616 is one of relevant patent series of making the sprayed deposit prefabricated blank, and prefabricated blank is by the goods that for example forge, compacting or machining can be produced precise measure thus.Flow with the high-speed gas atomization molten metal alloy, and the collection surface of resulting thermometal particle mist directive shaping is formed the deposit that solidifies.This patent has been introduced a part of particle and how have been failed to hit the target, and builds up the powder or the agglomerate of spray material, and they both had been not easy to reclaim, and self-evident, can not be used for other purposes.
European patent application specification EPA198607 has introduced manufacturing metallic matrix method for compositions, and it comprises the steps: to make the atomizing of motlten metal stream and the mist of formation thermometal particle with quite cold gas directive motlten metal stream; Fine solid particles to this metal flow or mist importing different metal composition material; And have above-mentioned fine grained and mix wherein metal to freeze solidly on the form deposition of collecting the surface.Fine particle materials has improved the physical property and the mechanical performance of metallic matrix.Metal can be an aluminium, and granular materials can be SiC.
When pressing the method operation of european patent application specification EPA198607, there is the metallic particles of part not to be deposited on the collection surface usually, and builds up powdered or agglomerate in the downstream.The present invention is based on following relevant observation of crossing spray, when refractory material in small, broken bits imports motlten metal stream or mist, find that refractory material does not exist only in to collect the surface and go up solidifying in the deposit of forming, and be mixed in the metal of spray.This refractory material is present in the overspray, not only on the surface of metal particles of solidifying, and quite is evenly distributed in the inside of particle.This observed result is beyond thought, does not recognize that in the past refractory material combined with the melt metal mist before depositing to the collection surface unexpectedly.In fact, above-mentioned prior art is never pointed out this kind fixation phenomenon can take place.
The invention provides to be dripped with the particulate refractory material by motlten metal and combine the granular composition of making, wherein particle contains continuous metal phase, and the disperse phase that fuses the refractory material in continuous phase.
When metal was aluminium alloy, the present invention had special importance, and is fairly good because the technical development of atomized molten aluminium alloy gets.But the present invention also is applicable to spray and is some other material that shape is dripped in fusion, for example, and steel, nickel, cobalt, copper, titanium and magnesium.
Drip to combine by motlten metal and made granular composition with the particulate refractory material.Even when spraying casting in inert atmosphere, with regard to aluminium alloy, the particle of generation must have thin oxide at least and cover on their surface.If in the particulate refractory material, deliberately do not add the field trash of oxide, then can not contain the oxide inclusion of any inherence in the particle usually.On the contrary, the aluminum alloy granule shape composition by the manufacturing of physical method alloying but must contain inherent oxide inclusion.
The particle of composition generally has the particle diameter of 10 to 500 micrometer ranges, and 20 to 80 microns average diameter is preferably arranged.As known in this technical field, when forming particle with the spraying casting, the diameter of condition control particle that can be by the control atomizing.Though particle can flatten, for example, the result of splash casting, the particle of composition it would be desirable spherical.
Refractory material can be fusing point other metal higher than this metal, but it would be desirable oxide, boride, carbide or nitride.As everyone knows, with regard to this class ceramic material, some of them are referred to as refractory metal, and best example comprises SiC, Al 2O 3, MgO, TiC and boron carbide.These refractory materials preferably use with graininess, and the average diameter of particle is less than 50 microns, until submicron-scale.5 to 20 microns particle is often easy to use.
In composition grain, disperse phase and continuous phase preferably are respectively 0.5 to 50% and 99.5 to 50% volumetric concentration.Especially when the volumetric concentration of using 10 to 30%, the refractory powder of high strength and modulus can invest sizable reinforcement of composition and modulus properties.
Parent metal can be the aluminium alloy that contains one or more common age-hardening compositions and solution strengthening composition, for example Zn, Mg, An, Si, Li, and also can contain one or more transition metals arbitrarily in order to reach the grain refinement purpose.
Perhaps aluminium alloy can contain a kind of alloying composition of transition metal at least, and these alloying compositions have age-hardening, or the performance of solution strengthening, for example Cr, Zr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ce.It would be desirable that alloy contains 0.5% to 7%(weight) Cr, 0.5% to 2.5%(weight) Zr and 0.1% to 4.0%(weight) Mn.These alloying compositions are difficult to make them to be dissolved in the solid solution of aluminium with common method, but can solve this difficult problem by the spraying casting technique of introducing below.The alloy element of these transition metal has the advantage that the high-temperature aging hardening capacity is provided in 300 ℃ to 500 ℃ scopes.
The alloying composition of best transition metal is to small part, and the solid solution interior (oversaturated) that preferably all is present in metal.When not in solid solution, these alloying compositions should exist with thin dispersion form.For this reason, must cool off melt metal fast,, cool off fast, so that make the solid solution of alloying composition with the speed of 10 ℃ of about per seconds so that obtain thin dispersion with the speed of 10 ℃ of about per seconds.The cooling velocity that the spraying casting can reach depends on granularity.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of method of making granular composition described herein, this method comprises with quite cold gas directive motlten metal stream, make the atomizing of motlten metal stream and the spray of formation metallic particles, refractory material to this metal flow or spray importing fine solid particles, metallic particles is solidified, and collect the granular composition that is produced.
It would be desirable before motlten metal stream just will be dispersed into spray, go into the refractory material of solid particle to the motlten metal conductance.In order to obtain spherical particle, certainly metallic particles must it with the collision of any surface of solids before curing earlier.With regard to aluminium alloy, perhaps argon gas is suitable inert gas, or nitrogen is optimal inert gas.If the partial pressure of oxygen that provides is enough low, then composition grain will be spherical, and thin aluminium oxide cover layer is only arranged.The particle spray directive of motlten metal can be collected the surface, in the case, granular composition be reclaimed as byproduct.In other words, can select spray condition like this, so that metallic particles solidified earlier before with any surface of solids collision.
It is not high that the present invention requires aluminium alloy capability.We have made and have made granular composition in this way, and the raw material that is adopted is refractory material SiC and the following material: commercial fine aluminium, AA2014,2024,2618,6061,7075,7475,8090, LM13, A3210, Al-12%Si, Al-20%Si and Al-6%Sn.
That this granular composition is suitable for is for example canned with known powder metallurgy process, the degassing, compacting and extruding, further is processed into the solid such as semifinished or finished goods.Applicable method comprises and directly is squeezed into the air frame construction; Extruding rod and the compressor blade that forges into gas turbine, or the piston of internal combustion engine; Or stripper plate and be rolled into the metallic plate that airplane skin is used.
Now consult and be applicable to the atomising device figure that makes granular composition of the present invention.This device comprises the nozzle 10 of motlten metal, and motlten metal flows 12 mat gravity and passes through this nozzle.What center on this motlten metal nozzle is a gas nozzle 14 with holes, derives carrier gas stream 16 by its perforate, and it is parallel and center on metal flow, shields and surround this motlten metal.What center on a gas nozzle is the secondary air nozzle 18 that jet pipe 19 is housed, and makes secondary-atomizing air-flow 20 directive motlten metals stream by jet pipe.Secondary gas flow contacts with motlten metal stream at the downstream part of distance motlten metal nozzle h, and makes motlten metal stream be atomized into the spray 22 of metallic particles.
Secondary-atomizing air-flow 20 has been determined a taper shape, and its height is h, and radius equals the distance of jet pipe 19 and metal flow 12.The refractory material 24 that uses carrier gas to carry is introduced this cone by pipe 26.The flow velocity of carrier gas is generally less than the several magnitude of secondary-atomizing gas 20.
The position that carrier material is introduced cone does not have strict the qualification; For example it can be in the inboard of a gas nozzle 14, rather than in its outside.If the h distance is enough little, then a gas nozzle just can be exempted fully.
The refractory material of carrier band in the carrier gas, the refractory material concentration in the granular composition that flow rate of carrier gas suitable with flow rate of metal and secondary (atomizing) gas flow rate have determined to be produced.The temperature of atomization gas and flow velocity have determined the freezing rate of atomization metal particle.
Following example has illustrated situation of the present invention.
Example 1
In device shown in the drawings, adopt following parameter condition, the type testing of carrying out with composition powder (18%13 microns SiC powder mixes the AA2014 alloy):
(a) temperature of melt metal=705 ℃
(b) gas-pressure=0.25 megapascal (MPa)
-flow velocity=0.4 meter 3/ minute
-roughly speed=240 meter per seconds
(c) secondary air-pressure=0.55 megapascal (MPa)
-flow velocity=6.0 meter 3/ minute
-roughly speed=300 meter per seconds
(d) SiC of carrier gas carrier band=30 kilogram/meter 3
(e) flow rate of carrier gas=0.03 meter 3/ minute
The product of collecting also comprises some unconjugated SiC simultaneously except required product, its feature is as follows:
(a) scope of composition powder granularity=10-500 micron
(b) particle mean size of composition=80 micron
(c) particle size range of SiC=6-45 micron in the composition
(d) particle mean size of SiC=13 micron in the composition
(e) percentage by volume of SiC=18% in the composition powder
Can separate SiC and Al-SiC composition powder with screening or with gas separation/gradation technology.Light path shows that by the light district (optical section) of composition grain the SiC that grinds is evenly distributed in the whole metallic matrix.
Example 2
SiC(or other refractory materials) incorporation depend on used aluminium alloy and atomization condition.Following table has been reported the percentage that mixes SiC under the general condition identical with example 1 in a series of tests of carrying out.By granular composition being sieved-150 to+38 microns (thereby having got rid of the SiC particle that does not combine),, carry out the chemolysis and the weighing of matrix subsequently to determine the % of SiC with aluminum metal.
Secondary-atomizing pressure and the average diameter thereof of SiC
Alloy weight % SiC volume % secondary-atomizing pressure composition average diameter
2014 21.3 18.6 8.0 67.4
6061 28.4 24.8 8.0 68.6
2014 14.5 12.6 7.0 68.8
2014 12.0 10.5 5.3 78.0
2014 17.3 15.1 6.3 70.8
8090 5.5 4.4 5.8 69.2
2014 12.2 10.6 4.7 71.5
Example 3
Below two tests all be to adopt 2014 alloys, and all test with the powder production condition identical with example 1.Its difference is after the stage, different processing to be carried out in two tests in powder production.
Experiment A
The finished product powder sieving to<150 microns, is arrived>45 microns with the air gradation then, therefore the composition end that produces 45-150 micron granularity scope.Powder is contained in the jar of being made by 6082 alloys (170 mm dias * 647 millimeters long), 325 ℃ of following vacuum outgas 4 hours.With industrial presses can and powder are carried out hot compaction at 350 ℃ then.Can is removed in the cutting of cooling back.
Adopt indirect forcing press that the hot compaction square billet is squeezed into 63 millimeters * 14 millimeters rectangular cross section, corresponding extrusion ratio is 26: 1.
With the bar of squeezed state in 505 ℃ of solution heat treatment 1 hour, shrend, and 175 ℃ of artificial agings 8 hours.The pole tensile sample that employing is parallel to direction of extrusion cutting records the data of tension test.
Test B
The finished product powder sieving to<150 microns, is arrived>25 microns with its air gradation then, therefore produce the composition powder of 25-150 micron granularity scope.Powder is contained in the jar of being made by 2024 alloys (74 mm dias * 200 millimeters long).Use two kinds of degassing conditions: 325 ℃ of vacuum outgas 4 hours with 530 ℃ of vacuum outgas 1 hour.Seal to can, put into the inherent 300 ℃ of heating of stove 30 minutes then, push then.Extruding condition is: 300 ℃ of vessel temps, 300 ℃ of blank temperatures, critical pressure<1000 Newton/millimeter, pressure head speed=12 mm/second.The cross section of extruding is 19 millimeters a pole, and corresponding extrusion ratio is 15: 1.
With the bar of squeezed state in 505 ℃ of solution heat treatment 1 hour, shrend and 175 ℃ of artificial agings 8 hours.The pole tensile sample that employing is parallel to direction of extrusion cutting records the data of tension test.
In following table, listed the correction data of result of the test with relevant 2014 alloys that do not strengthen.Composition of the present invention has higher modulus, and tensile strength does not reduce.
Performance test A tests B 2014
Degassing temperature
325℃ 530℃
0.2%PS(MPa) 430 414.2 442.4 429
Ts(MPa) 474 462.7 491.7 476
Ef(%) 3.7 2.3 1.5 7.5
E(GPa) 87 96.0 90.4 73
The Ps-proof strength
Ts-tensile strength
The Ef-fracture elongation
The E-elastic modelling quantity

Claims (12)

1, a kind of by the granular composition that motlten metal drips and the combination of particulate refractory material is made, wherein particle has continuous metal phase and the disperse phase that fuses the refractory material in continuous phase.
2, according to the granular composition of claim 1, wherein metal is an aluminium alloy.
3, according to the granular composition of claim 2, wherein aluminium alloy contains at least a transition metal, and it has a part at least in solid solution.
4, according to any one granular composition in the claim 1 to 3, wherein particle is spherical.
5, according to any one granular composition in the claim 1 to 4, wherein refractory material is oxide, boride, carbide or nitride.
6, according to any one granular composition in the claim 1 to 4, wherein particle has the granularity of 10-500 micrometer range.
7, according to any one granular composition in the claim 1 to 6, wherein refractory material is to have the particle that maximum can reach 50 microns average diameters.
8, according to any one granular composition in the claim 1 to 7, wherein refractory material is evenly distributed in the particle.
9, according to any one granular composition in the claim 1 to 8, wherein continuous phase is the aluminium alloy that contains transition metal, and transition metal is selected from 0.5% to 7.0%(weight) Cr, 0.5% to 2.5%(weight) Zr and 0.1% to 4.0%(weight) Mn.
10, according to the manufacture method of any one described granular composition in the claim 1 to 9, this method comprises with quite cold inert gas directive motlten metal stream, make the atomizing of motlten metal stream and the spray of formation metallic particles, refractory material to this metal flow or spray importing fine solid particles, metallic particles is solidified, and collect the granular composition that is produced.
11, according to the method for claim 10, wherein the refractory material with solid particle imports in the motlten metal stream.
12, a kind of solid base, it forms by any one described particulate composition in the claim 1 to 9 is carried out compacting.
CN87106831A 1986-09-24 1987-09-24 The method for making of composite metal particles Expired CN1012803B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8622949 1986-09-24
GB868622949A GB8622949D0 (en) 1986-09-24 1986-09-24 Alloy composites

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CN87106831A true CN87106831A (en) 1988-04-13
CN1012803B CN1012803B (en) 1991-06-12

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EP (1) EP0262869A1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63140001A (en)
KR (1) KR880003688A (en)
CN (1) CN1012803B (en)
AU (1) AU600030B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8704882A (en)
GB (1) GB8622949D0 (en)
ZA (1) ZA877089B (en)

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CN102000828A (en) * 2010-09-26 2011-04-06 王昌祺 Metal ultrafine atomizing, crushing and grading system and metal atomizing device thereof
CN101707154B (en) * 2009-09-24 2011-10-05 温州宏丰电工合金股份有限公司 Method for preparing a silver-based electric contact material
CN102712044A (en) * 2009-12-15 2012-10-03 韩国机械研究院 Production method and production device for a composite metal powder using the gas spraying method
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CN102000828A (en) * 2010-09-26 2011-04-06 王昌祺 Metal ultrafine atomizing, crushing and grading system and metal atomizing device thereof
CN102000828B (en) * 2010-09-26 2013-01-16 王昌祺 Metal ultrafine atomizing, crushing and grading system and metal atomizing device thereof
CN110181069A (en) * 2019-07-08 2019-08-30 华北理工大学 Using the method for gas atomization preparation high nitrogen powdered steel
CN111468737A (en) * 2020-03-07 2020-07-31 福达合金材料股份有限公司 Powder preparation and powder mixing integrated device and application thereof
CN112846203A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-28 有研粉末新材料(合肥)有限公司 Water atomization preparation method of iron-based composite powder

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BR8704882A (en) 1988-05-17
ZA877089B (en) 1988-05-25
GB8622949D0 (en) 1986-10-29
AU600030B2 (en) 1990-08-02
KR880003688A (en) 1988-05-28
EP0262869A1 (en) 1988-04-06
AU7886887A (en) 1988-03-31
JPS63140001A (en) 1988-06-11

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