CN87103493A - 聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维的连续染色方法 - Google Patents
聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维的连续染色方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维的连续染色方法,该方法使用溶胀剂以使染料和可选择性含有的阻染燃剂引进该纤维。染色纤维具有接近原来未染色纤维的强力和阻燃性质,且当使用阻燃剂时,其效果比未处理的纤维要好。这些芳族聚酰胺纤维可方便地染成无限制的颜色范围,具有高的得色量和相当高的耐光牢度,且费用合理。二甲亚砜的水溶液被用作优选的溶胀剂。
Description
本发明涉及芳族聚酰胺纤维,特别是聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维的染色,具体地说,本发明涉及聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维的连续染色工艺,在上述染色工艺中,染料是在上述纤维处于溶剂溶胀状态时引入该纤维的。阻燃剂也可同时与染料一起引入该纤维。
芳族聚酰胺纤维具有很强的耐热分解性、固有的阻燃性并常常用于需要阻燃的特殊环境下的工作穿着。用这些纤维制作的织物是极为坚牢和耐久的,并已被广泛地用于防护服,特别是应用于部队,诸如可能面临火焰和燃烧的航空驾驶员、坦克乘员及类似的人员。间位连接的芳族聚酰胺纤维(芳族聚酰胺)由高结晶的和具有高玻璃转化温度或无玻璃转化温度的高分子量聚合物制得。
芳族聚酰胺纤维的这些固有的所希望的性质也会使纤维在其它领域内的加工产生困难;特别是芳族聚酰胺难以染色。纤维供应者最近推荐了一种采用高载体含量(乙酰苯)的复杂的浸染工艺;该工艺要在高温下进行很长时间并常常导致产品具有令人不愉快的气味。该染色条件需要大量的能量以维持染色温度和废染浴的处理。极性有机溶剂也已被用于溶胀纤维或在纤维结构中造成空隙以增强可染性,这些工艺包括在升温条件下溶剂的吸尽处理及随后的染色。
染色芳族聚酰胺纤维的另一来源是原液染色的芳族聚酰胺纱,可从纤维生产者得到。该纱用原液染色工艺制备,在该工艺中,在将聚合物纺成细小的纤维前,预先将大量的染料或颜料与熔融的聚合物混合;染料或颜料成为纤维结构的一部分。原液染色的纤维比未染色的纤维的花费要高,部分原因是由于增加了生产成本,且只能使用供应者提供的颜色,留给织造者对颜色的选择余地是有限的。原液染色的纤维提供了相当好的耐光性,而某些未染色的芳族聚酰胺纤维,特别是NOMEX(E.I.duPont,Wilmington,Delaware,USA)暴需在紫外光后会发黄。虽然可获得深的、富丽的色泽,特别是深兰和海军兰,但由于这种潜在的泛黄性,它们仍缺乏满意的耐光性。
近来,美国专利4,525,168号已描述了一种方法,在该方法中,利用染料与依次连接在纤维上的染座偶合的方法将酸性或阴离子染料引入芳族聚酰胺纤维。该方法包括首先将纤维在强极性溶剂中溶胀,并在溶胀条件下,将能与阴离子染料生成强化学键的物质引入溶胀的纤维中。这种作为染座的物质是一种胺,典型的是六亚甲基二胺。所描述的过程至少需要三步,首先在溶剂/溶胀剂、二胺和润湿剂的溶液中预处理纤维,然后干燥使纤维收缩并使作为染座的二胺留在该纤维内。然后将此预处理的纤维用阴离子染料染色。美国专利4,198,494号描述并表明是成功染色的芳族聚酰胺纤维由duPont公司以商标名NOMEX和KEVIAR,和由日本东京的Teijin有限公司以商标名CONEX出售。
本发明的目的之一是为可染色的相容芳族聚酰胺纤维提供一种连续染色方法,该方法能获得满意的色牢度,而无损于芳族聚酰胺纤维的固有阻燃和强度性能。本发明的另一目的是对大量相容芳族聚酰胺织物提供一种合适的工业规模的连续染色方法,该方法的成本比先有方法要低。本发明的进一步目的是采用对芳族聚酰胺纤维同时染色和阻燃处理的方法以改进聚酰胺纤维本已显著的阻燃特性。
本发明的方法可采用数种形式,如附图所说明,其中:
图1是一方法的示意图,它表示将染料、溶胀剂和可选择性含有的阻燃剂从热的浸浴中浸轧到含聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)的织物上,使染料固着并在一组蒸汽烘筒上烘干织物,洗涤去除任何残留的溶胀剂,再用第二组蒸汽烘筒将织物烘干并将烘干的织物卷在滚柱上。
图2是一示意图,它表示将染料、溶胀剂和可选择性含有的阻燃剂从浸轧浴中浸轧到织物上,在拉幅式烘箱中使织物烘干并固色,接着洗涤并用一组蒸汽烘筒烘干。
图3是一示意图,它表示将染料浸轧浴在升温条件下浸轧到织物上,使织物在环境条件下保留一段时间以使染料固着,接着洗涤并干燥。
图4是一示意图,它表示在升温条件下以半连续方式通过将染料、溶胀剂和可选择性含有的阻燃剂浸轧到织物上,将湿的织物上卷到滚柱上以延长染料固着的时间,然后将染色的织物退卷,洗涤并烘干的方法使织物染色。
图5表示在不同的温度下颜色测量的反射值与聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维在纤维溶胀剂/染料中处理的停留时间的函数关系曲线。
所公开的连续或半连续的聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维的染色方法包括将纤维浸入还含至少一种染料和选择性含有至少一种阻燃剂的纤维溶胀剂溶液中,从而溶胀纤维,并在溶胀状态将染料和阻燃剂(如果存在)引入纤维。
用本发明方法所得的染色织物的阻燃性/工作特性得到显著改进,如果与应用水溶液进行阻燃整理剂处理后接着染色和固色的操作相比较要好得多。正如下面更详细描述的那样,用本发明方法对T-455 Nomex织物同时进行染色和阻燃整理的产品的LOI值高达44%,与该方法相比,未染色的T-455 Nomex的LOI值为26.6%。
纤维的溶胀在含一种或多种纤维溶胀剂的水溶液中进行。已发现下列极性有机溶剂对聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维来说是优选的溶胀剂:
N-甲基吡咯烷酮
二甲亚砜(DMSO)
二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)通常,这些溶胀剂与相容的稀释剂,通常是水以不同的量相混合;溶胀剂占大部分的量,也就是说占溶液总重量的一半以上。作为说明,在浸轧-焙烘-烘干方法中使用二甲亚砜(DMSO)与水的比率为70∶30至90∶10时获得好的固色,在比率为90∶10时获得最好结果。
适合于本发明方法的纤维通常是已知的芳族聚酰胺和由化学上已知的聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)聚合物,即间苯二胺和间苯二甲酸的缩聚产物间位异构体。下面列举的是现在市场上可买到的纤维的名称(通常是商标)和生产者:
纤维名称 生产者
Nomex Du Pont
Apyeil(5207) Unitika
Apyeil(6007) Unitika
Conex Teijin
适合于本发明连续染色法的适宜芳族聚酰胺的选择,通常可通过对纤维样品进行短流程试验以测定纤维的可染性来确定。经验表明对位异构体纤维,聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺),如duPont的Kevlar和Enka-Glanzstoff的Arenka以及Phone-Poulenc的Kermel和聚苯并咪唑(PBI)纤维仅可被沾色或改变颜色,但不会被本发明的方法所染色。因此,正如本申请文件和权利要求书中所采用的那样,“染色聚酰胺”和“芳族聚酰胺纤维这一名称适合于本发明新方法是专指间位异构体。聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维与其它纤维,包括对位异构体纤维的混合物也可用该染色方法,在这种情况下,只有间位异构体纤维能染色。
用于本发明连续染色法的稀极性有机溶剂对欲染色的芳族聚酰胺纤维来说,有溶胀的能力,但极少或不损伤纤维本身。许多极性有机溶剂成功地溶胀芳族聚酰胺纤维使染料进入该纤维,但损伤纤维本身。因此,不适宜使用未稀释的形式。纤维所受到的损伤可通过在溶胀剂体系中加入其它惰性和相容的稀释剂的方法来缓和或避免。
由芳族聚酰胺纤维织成织物的一个重要应用是部队人员的防护。为了充分适合于部队应用,染色的芳族聚酰胺纤维必须满足U.S.A.MIL-C-83429 A原液染色织物所确定的最小强力要求。为了方便起见,将对未染色的(本色)T-455织物与原液染色的T-456织物及用本文所描述的方法生产染色的织物进行比较。强极性有机溶剂会降低芳族聚酰胺型纤维的机械性能是众所周知的,可能是由于使聚合物溶解或溶剂化造成的。为了适应这种潜在的情况,所选择的溶胀剂体系,当在适宜的温度和通常的加工条件下,如果不能使染色的芳族聚酰胺获得与本色T-455纤维或织物具有相同强度的话,那应至少达到80%,最好至少达到90%。最好强度损失很少,并仍然适用于大部分应用。
溶胀剂体系至少由二种组分组成,一是有机极性溶剂,二是相容的可溶混“惰性”稀释剂(惰性的意义是指它自己本身不参加染色加工或干扰染色加工),该稀释剂可使极性有机溶剂对纤维可能产生的任何损伤减小到最低程度。极性有机溶剂与稀释剂的比例以及各组份的鉴定将随数种因素而异,包括获得的颜色和要染色的特定的聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维性质及其它。适宜的溶胀剂选自二甲亚砜(DM SO),二甲基乙酰胺(DM Ac)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮,最好为DMSO。适宜的惰性稀释剂包括水,二甲苯(间、邻、对二甲苯),低级烃类的二元醇如乙二醇和丙二醇,醇类如正丙醇、甲醇、苯甲醇,4-丁内酯,所有与用作溶胀的DMSO相容的,或其它相当高沸点且适合于染色加工的有机液体。溶胀剂和稀释剂的选择根据最佳得色率与最小纤维损伤之间的平衡而定。
我们不希望受任何特定的理论或操作的方式所约束,我们的经验使我们认为溶胀剂使染料和阻燃剂(如果存在)进入纤维,从而使芳族聚酰胺纤维发生了变性。用质谱仪检查表明用本发明方法染色的纤维中无任何溶胀剂(DMSO)。上染纤维的机理还不清楚,但相信是物理嵌入而不是化学共价连接。无溶胀剂存在于纤维中可为随后的加工提供无气味的产品,使溶胀剂更有效地回收并使得本发明具有实用性,无环保问题。
用于该方法的染料的特殊类型不是严格的,并可从酸性、媒介,碱性、直接、分散和活性染料,也可能从颜料或还原染料中选择。用下列各类染料可获得具有很高得色率的极好结果,括号内给出的特殊例子有酸性染料(酸性绿25)、媒介染料(媒介橙6)、碱性染料(碱性兰77)、直接染料(直接红79)、分散染料(分散兰56)和活性染料(活性紫1)。两种或两种以上同类染料的混合物或两种或两种以上不同类染料的混合物也可考虑。选择的染料将与溶胀剂相容并在溶胀剂体系中起有效的作用。
用于增强织物已经固有的阻燃性能的一种或多种阻燃(FR)剂可以以足够的量加入到要对织物同时进行染色和阻燃处理的染浴中。常规的阻燃剂可以使用,只要与体系中的其它组份,特别是与溶胀剂相容,并使处理的芳族聚酰胺纤维达到所需要的阻燃程度。
阻燃剂的浓度为0.1%至约20%;但实际上限将由所需特性程度和阻燃化合物或所用体系成本的平衡来决定。已证明浓度在约1%至约15%的范围内有效地增大了LOI值,按本发明对Nomex T-455同时进行染色和阻燃处理,其LOI值由本色Nomex T-455的26.6%增加到44%。在用发明制得的染色阻燃处理的织物中加入的阻燃化合物的量仅为1%时,所测得的LOI值为30%。
阻燃剂和染料的固着可通过如使用拉幅机加热,在蒸汽滚筒上烘干等方法进行。
用于本发明的优选阻燃材料是热稳性的环化磷酸酯,该酯是由烷基-囟素-游离酯与二环亚磷酸酯的反应来制备的。这些环化的磷酸酯类由下列通式之一表示:
式中a为0或1,b为0、1或2,c为1、2或3,且a+b+c为3,R和R′是相同或不同的,并且为C1-C8烷基、苯基、囟代苯基、羟苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、苄基、苯乙基、羟乙基、苯氧乙基、或二溴苯氧甲基,R2为C1-C4烷基,R3为C1-C4低级烷基或C1-C4低级羟烷基,或
式中d为0、1或2,e为1、2或3,R2为C1-C4烷基,R3为C1-C4低级烷基或C1-C4低级羟烷基,R4为C1-C4烷基、苯基、囟代苯基、羟苯基、羟乙基、苯氧乙基、二溴苯氧乙基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、苄基、或苯乙基、R5为单价的C1-C6烷基、氯苯基、溴苯基、二溴苯基、三溴苯基、羟苯基、萘基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、苄基、或苯乙基、二价的C1-C6亚烷基、亚乙烯基、邻亚苯基、间亚苯基、对亚苯基、四氯亚苯基(邻、间、对)、或四溴亚苯基(邻、间、对);或三价的苯基。
优选的化合物用下式表示:
式中n为0或1,且通常混合物中单价和二价酯之比为50∶50。这些环化磷酸酯的制备和它们作为阻燃剂的用途在美国这种3,789,091和3,849,368号中已有描述。
常用的染料浸轧浴中,除了含溶胀剂、惰性稀释剂和染料外,还可含添加剂和助剂,如柔软剂(改进手感)、紫外光吸收剂、红外光吸收剂、抗静电剂、拒水剂、消泡剂等。另外,在紫色、加热、洗涤和干燥完成后,可对织物进行这些和其它处理,作为后整理。染色的织物最好用水洗涤以除去任何残留在织物上的剩余溶胀剂。洗涤的水保持清洁(无色)通常表明固色较好。
用本发明方法染色的本色纤维(以区别于原液染色的纤维,其中着色剂在形成纤维前加到熔融的树脂中)实际上不含乙酰苯和氯化溶剂如全氯乙烯。已测得用本发明方法染色的纤维中的残留DMSO量低于0.012ppm。染色纤维的强力保留值至少为未染色纤维的80%。这些性质区别于用常规方法(使用乙酰苯作为染色载体)染色的芳族聚酰胺生产的产品(该产品中残留不易去除的那种溶剂)和用STX方法(Rhone-Poulenc Chemie,France,作为染色介质的全氯乙烯与甲醇的混合比为90∶10v/v)染色的Nomex(纤维中残留少量的全氯乙烯)。
欲染色纤维的物理形态还具有很宽的变化余地,这给使用者提供了方便。如图1-4所说明的,大部分染色操作和设备适合于机织或针织织物的平幅处理。纤维也能以纱线的形式经轴染色后再用机织或针织法将纱线织成所需的产品。
用于实施例的测试步骤详细描述如下:
阻燃联邦测试法5903(USA)是用于测定织物对火焰和阴燃蔓延的抑制性和碳化的趋势。将长边平行于经纱或纬纱方向的矩形测试样布(70毫米×120毫米)夹在支架上,并垂直悬挂在小室中,其底边位于一个Fisher气体燃烧器顶部以上3/4英寸处。以氢气和甲烷为主的合成混合气供燃烧器用。当样布在小室中安装后,关闭室门,燃烧器的火焰在样布底边中间垂直燃烧12秒。在燃烧器熄灭后,样布继续燃烧。在样布停止燃烧后,以秒为单位记录样布继续阴燃的时间,作为阴燃时间。如果样布阴燃超过30秒,将其从试验室中取出,小心不要吹风,并按在试验室中相同的垂直位置悬挂在不通风的地方。还要测量碳化长度,即从样布暴露在火焰中的下端到穿过碳化区域的中心至碳化区域的最高峰处纵向撕裂端的距离(毫米)。通常从每种样品中取出五块样布进行测量并得出平均值。
阻燃联邦测试法5905(USA),火焰接触测试即测量纺织品和其它材料对火焰蔓延的抑制性,该测试法使样布暴露在火焰源的时间要比测试方法5903要长。与上述方法相同尺寸的测试样品垂直悬挂暴露在高3英寸的高温丁烷气体火焰中12秒,样布的最低部分总处于燃烧器中心上方1.5英寸处,在12秒结束时,将样布慢慢地从火焰中抽出,并记录残焰时间。然后再将样品送进火焰中,12秒后再慢慢抽出并记录任何残焰时间,对每个12秒后再慢慢抽出并记录任何残焰时间,对每个12秒暴露而言,其结果报告如下:点燃,火焰蔓延;点燃但自己熄灭;抑制点燃;熔融;从火焰中收缩开来;或跌落燃烧物块。
在紧接着的实施例中,所有的份数和百分率以重量计。
限氧指数(LOI)是根据ASTMD-2863-77测量维持样品象蜡烛燃烧所需最低含氧浓度的方法。将测试样布垂直放置在玻璃圆筒中,点火并使氧和氮的混合气体自下而上流过圆筒。选择初始的氧气浓度,点燃样布的顶部并记录燃烧长度和时间。调节氧气浓度,再点燃样布(或换新的样布),重复测试直到获得维持燃烧所需的最低含氧浓度。
现参照下列实施例说明本发明:
实施例Ⅰ
455型机织NOMEX平幅连续染色进行如下:在含90份(重量)DMSO和10份(重量)水的混合物中加入2.5%CI酸性兰171以制成浸轧浴。将处于热浴中180°F的染浴以每分钟18码的速度浸轧到S/57344型NOMEX上并在环境条件下维持染浴与织物接触持续30分钟。然后用120°F的水漂洗织物并烘干织物。
织物被染成藏青色;固色很好并且在有关区域内的载负罗拉上几乎无搭色。对三种类型的NOMEX进行试验。优等的固着和物理测试数据在下列表中报道。表1中所用的“颜色保留%”表示加工的织物分别沸煮并洗涤5次后残留颜色的百分率。所有这三种类型织物的保留百分率都为95%。染色后,在漂洗时几乎无颜色退掉。
为对此,未染色NOMEX(本色织物)的物理数据概括在表Ⅰ中。
上述数据表明经纱/纬纱和重量由于加工而增加。断裂强力没有显著地降低,染色产品的可燃性比未染色对照组要好,水洗色牢度和摩擦色牢度都很好;氙光灯色牢度与原液染色的NOMEX相当。
实施例Ⅱ
使用图1所描述的装置,在含90份(重量)DMSO和10份(重量)水的浸轧浴中对455型机织NOMEX进行染色。第一次卷染的色泽是安全黄,第二次卷染使用橄榄绿。浸轧浴的浸轧温度为180°F,然后将织物通过一组220°F的蒸汽烘筒以使染料固着,接着在水中洗涤并烘干。肉眼观察是有帮助的。
用沸煮后和ⅢA洗涤后残留颜色百分率表示的保留性和耐久性为90+%。通过单个蒸汽烘筒后固色率极好;使用蒸汽烘筒与实施例Ⅰ中在环境条件下固色30分钟相比,前者在纱线交叉处的渗透性或覆盖性要比后者优越。色泽控制较好,边部-中部-边部色差标准接近5-5-5;黄色的头尾色差不如绿色那么好。
本发明的连续染色方法取决于时间和温度,温度越高和时间越长,越能使在图5曲线图中用KSSUM(颜色的度量)表示的反射值增高。当加工时间至少为30分钟且染浴温度至少为140°F时,获得最高KSSUM值;随着温度升高,该值略微增大(见+数据点的连接线)。相比之下,加工时间很短(盒子线),即使加工温度为200°F,只能获得KSSUM值的一半左右。该资料连同有关的数据和对比将给操作者实施发明方法提供充分的指导。
实施例Ⅲ
455型机织NOMEX平幅连续染色的操作如下:在三份含90份(重量)DM SO和10份(重量)水的浸轧液中加入1.20% Irgalan橄榄绿3BL13(酸性绿70)、0.09% Intralan橙P2和0.09% Nylanthrene黄SL20(酸性黄198),得灰绿色。第一份浸轧浴中不含阻燃剂,第二份中加入2.5%阻燃剂19,第三份加15.0%阻燃剂19。将处于热浴中200°F的染浴以每分钟20码的连续浸轧到T-455 Nonex上,浸轧压力为20磅/平方英寸,得到的给湿率大约为90%。然后将浸轧的织物在250°F的蒸汽烘筒中烘燥24秒,使织物的温度维持在180-215°F,然后将织物洗涤并在烘箱中烘干。
接着对如此加工的织物的样品进行阻燃性测试,该测试包括限制指数(LOI)和联邦测试法FTM5903和5905。煮练后和漂洗25次后,测定加工织物的LOI值;W是经向,F是纬向。测试结果在下表中给出:
表Ⅱ
根据本文所公开的发明的说明或实践,除了特别描述的那些和上面的实施例外,本发明的其它具体实施方案对本专业熟练技术人员来说是显而易见的。说明书和实施例仅仅认为是举例说明,本发明的真正范围和精神实质在权利要求书中表明。
Claims (19)
1、聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维的一种连续染色方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
(1)将可染色的聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维与染色溶液相接触,该染色溶液含能溶胀上述纤维选自N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜和二甲基乙酰胺的一种有机溶胀剂和溶解在该溶液中与溶剂相容的染料;
(2)加热步骤1加工的聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维以使上述染料固着到上述纤维中。
2、权利要求1所述的方法,其中染色溶液还含一种阻燃剂。
3、权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中该溶液还含至多40份(重量)稀释剂。
4、权利要求3所述的方法,其中该溶液包含所述有机溶胀剂和作为稀释剂的水的混合物,其重量比约为70∶30至90∶10。
5、权利要求4所述的方法,其中该溶液含二甲亚砜和水的混合物,其重量比约为70∶30至90∶10。
6、权利要求5所述的方法,其中该溶液含二甲亚砜和水以重量比约为90∶10的混合物。
7、聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维的一种连续染色方法,该方法包括下列连续步骤:
(a)使可染色的聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维与染液相接触,该染液含(1)选自二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和二甲基乙酰胺的一种有机极性溶胀剂,(2)由于稀释溶胀剂并防止纤维降解的相容惰性稀释剂,和(3)溶于溶液并对纤维染色的燃料,其条件为:
-溶胀剂适合于溶胀纤维并使染料进入和固着在纤维上,
-溶胀剂和惰性稀释剂的存在比例应使染色纤维的机械强度至少为未染色纤维强度的80%,
-使该纤维与染料相接触,
(b)加热该纤维以使染料固着在该纤维中。
8、聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维的一种连续染色方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
(1)使可染色的聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维与染料溶于一种有机溶胀剂和稀释剂的加热溶液相接触,该溶胀剂适合于溶胀上述纤维并选自N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜和二甲基乙酰胺,其中溶胀剂与稀释剂的重量比约为70∶30至90∶10,维持溶液的温度约在140至200°F的范围内;
(2)使步骤1加工的纤维在环境温度下放置一段时间,足以使该染料固着在上述纤维上。
(3)洗涤纤维以去除任何残留染料和有机溶胀剂;
(4)烘干纤维。
9、权利要求7所述的方法,其中该溶液还含(4)一种阻燃剂。
10、权利要求7所述的方法,其中稀释剂(2)选自水、二甲苯、乙二醇、低级醇和4-丁内酯。
11、权利要求7所述的方法,其中染料(3)选自酸性染料、媒介染料、碱性染料、直接染料、分散染料和活性染料。
12、权利要求7所述的方法,其中步骤(a)在室温至约高达200°F的温度范围内进行。
13、权利要求7所述的方法,其中染色纤维的强度至少是未染色纤维强度的90%。
14、权利要求7所述的方法,其中溶胀剂(1)与惰性(2)的重量比约为70∶30至90∶10。
15、权利要求14所述的方法,其中溶胀剂(1)是二甲亚砜,稀释剂(2)是水。
16、用权利要求7的方法染色的聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维。
17、用权利要求1的方法生产的机织或针织织物,其中,聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维被染色,基本上无气味,该纤维中大体上无有机溶剂,且其断裂强度至少为相应未染色纤维的80%。
18、具有限氧指数(ASTMD-2863-77)大于27的机织或针织织物,其中聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维用权利要求2的方法染色。
19、具有限氧指数(ASTMD-2863-77)在28至45范围内的染色聚(间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺)纤维的机织或针织织物。
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US06/870,523 US4759770A (en) | 1986-05-14 | 1986-06-04 | Process for simultaneously dyeing and improving the flame-resistant properties of aramid fibers |
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CN106835689A (zh) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-13 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种高模量聚酰亚胺纤维及其制备方法和应用 |
CN106835689B (zh) * | 2017-01-17 | 2019-03-08 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种高模量聚酰亚胺纤维及其制备方法和应用 |
CN110080014A (zh) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-08-02 | 武汉纺织大学 | 一种间位芳纶织物粒子流染色的方法 |
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BR8702459A (pt) | 1988-02-23 |
US4759770A (en) | 1988-07-26 |
AU7224987A (en) | 1987-11-19 |
EP0246083B1 (en) | 1993-08-25 |
EP0246083A3 (en) | 1988-11-09 |
NO871994D0 (no) | 1987-05-13 |
FI872115A0 (fi) | 1987-05-13 |
FI872115A (fi) | 1987-11-15 |
AU595027B2 (en) | 1990-03-22 |
NO871994L (no) | 1987-11-16 |
CA1302016C (en) | 1992-06-02 |
KR870011324A (ko) | 1987-12-22 |
EP0246083A2 (en) | 1987-11-19 |
CN1021352C (zh) | 1993-06-23 |
DE3787114D1 (de) | 1993-09-30 |
IL82368A0 (en) | 1987-10-30 |
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