CN87101602A - Dewatering and equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of thing to be drained off with mud and so on carries out dehydration method and equipment thereof, it is characterized in that thing to be drained off is placed a pair of pressure roller (11 that has pressure surface separately, 212) or between the tabular extruder member (320), this pressure surface is by the hard porous material (6 that has suction and water characteristic because of capillarity, C, 331) constitute; When pushing thing to be drained off, the water of extruding is infiltrated in the hard porous material, the water that infiltrates is also owing to capillary water performance remains in the hard porous material, thereby make thing dehydration to be drained off, send into compressed air then, the moisture that remains in the hard porous material is emitted, thereby make capillary regeneration.

Description

The present invention relates to a kind of filter-press type dewatering and equipment, in order to separating the solid-liquid composition from the multiple suspension that contains various organic and inorganic matters and solidliquid mixture, for example above-mentioned organic and inorganic matter can be industrial wastewater, ight soil, sewage sludge, paper pulp raw material, waste liquid and useless pellet or the like.

Dewater from containing to resemble the thin and suspension that is difficult to dewater of this class particle of sewage sludge, can adopt various dewaterers, as vacuum hydroextractor, centrifugal dehydrator, filter press and belt filter press.Yet the performance of above-mentioned dewaterer is restricted, and the water content of mud is dropped to about 80%.In order to slough moisture content from the suspension that is difficult to dewater, people mainly turn to and use filter press and belt filter press at present.

Dispose have an appointment 10 or more roller on belt filter press, in the filter cloth tensioning, roller can also guarantee that filter cloth moves.Filter cloth has 0.5mm or littler mesh, utilizes the tension force of filter cloth and makes through the suspension between the filter cloth and be squeezed and dewater.Yet filter cloth may be blocked, and this will produce thorny maintenance issues.

When making the suspension dehydration that is difficult to dewater, usually adding polymeric flocculant or similar substance improve dehydration rate in suspension.The flocculation particle can help dehydration, but the water content after in general dewatering still can not be less than 70%.

In the rural area, particularly how limited rural area, those vacant lots is disposed various mud and is a problem very much, and the soil of having disposed mud is difficult to return to normal condition in a short time.Therefore, people turn to gradually and adopt the processing method that reduces volume, and this method is to utilize thermal treatment to reduce the volume of sewage sludge.

In the thermal treatment technology of mud, can make the water content of sewage sludge reduce to 65-70%.This moment, sewage sludge can need not to add the just energy spontaneous combustion of heavy oil and so on fuel oil, although the water content after handling depends on the kind of mud.Because existing dewaterer can not be with the sewage sludge dehydration to above-mentioned spontaneously inflammable degree, so mud must dewater through combustion-supporting (mud per ton expends 100 liters of heavy oil approximately) of this class fuel oil of heavy oil, this just makes the cost of handling mud very high.For energy-conservation, those skilled in the art's target is to realize sludge incineration under the situation that need not use any fuel oil at present, and to have developed with energy-conservation and production capacity be the various sludge incineration system of purpose.The main example of some of these systems includes and adds fine coal to improve the system of calorific value in mud; Utilize the system of damaged tire; Come system of thickening or the like by evaporation, present sludge dry system has mostly adopted the sludge incineration system.In sludge dry system, by the steam drying mud of waste heat boiler generation, so that mud can spontaneous combustion.Therefore it is high that yet the shortcoming of this system is a mounting cost, is badly in need of a kind of simple in structure and dewaterer that can high-efficiency dehydration, and this dewaterer is through having done various improvement afterwards and produce to above-mentioned belt filter press with simple structure.

Figure 18 roughly expresses a kind of above-mentioned traditional dehydration equipment, the filter element 55 mutual opposed arrangements of this equipment, have a large amount of apertures on the filter element 55, utilize forcing press 56 to make the mud between filter element 55 and 55 carry out extrusion dehydration as filtration channel.Because two parts 55 and 55 facing surfaces can directly be pushed mud or similar substance, simultaneously also owing to pack into mud in the zone between filter element 55 and 55 and remove the filter cake inconvenience, so the filter cloth that is used on the belt filter press is divided into filter cloth 57 and following filter cloth 58, they are arranged opposite to each other and transmission off and on.Unload thing 60 to be drained off from hopper 59 and be sent to down on the filter cloth 58, filter cloth 57 and 58 is by filter element 55 and 55 filter-press dehydrations about passing through then.But this dewaterer has following shortcoming: because very high pressure acts on the thin filter cloth, can make filter cloth badly damaged.

The disadvantage of above-mentioned conventional dehydration equipment is: the hole of filter cloth (being filtration channel) fills up and blocked filtration channel behind the mud and can not dewater effectively.Because high pressure causes that mud also passes through the hole from filter cloth, so the powder (flying dust etc.) that must add good water permeability in thing to be drained off is to increase granular size and raising viscosity.Yet this has just increased the amount of pending thing (as mud etc.), even dehydration back cake moisture reduces greatly, also only is superficial phenomenon.

For example, suppose that it is in 80% the untreated mud that 20% above-mentioned powder is added water content, make the sludge moisture content after the dehydration reduce to 50%, actual solid composition and water content are with as described below.For the ease of understanding, suppose that untreated water content is that 80% mud is 100Kg/h, this moment, the solid composition was 100Kg/h * 0.2=20Kg/h just; And water content is 80% o'clock a moisture content is 100Kg/h * 0.8=80Kg/h; The powder that adds is 100Kg/h * 0.2=20Kg/h.If the water weight after the dehydration is W,

W＝40Kg/h

Draw W by following equation:

｛1-（20Kg/h+20Kg/h）/（20Kg/h+20Kg/h+W）｝×100%＝50%

In like manner, as follows corresponding to the actual sludge moisture content that exists only in the solid composition in the untreated mud:

｛1-（20Kg/h）/（20Kg/h+40Kg/h）}×100

67%;

In other words, although apparent sludge moisture content is 50%, and actual sludge moisture content is about 67%.By same computational methods, when adding rate was 10%, actual sludge moisture content was 60%.

In addition, because the amount of dehydration back solid composition is 40Kg/h, the amount 40Kg/h of institute's water content, water content is that its volume of mud of 50% only reduces 80%.

Figure 19 expresses another kind of traditional dewaterer.Thing to be drained off 60 in the cavity volume 61 by forcing press 56 to be similar to mode press filtration shown in Figure 180.Use fixedly filter cloth 62 and 62(or the woven wire in many holes arranged) replace mobile filter cloth as shown in figure 18.This dewaterer has the shortcoming that is similar to dewaterer shown in Figure 180, and can not use for a long time owing to can't clean filter cloth.

In addition, the conventional dehydration facility that use a pair of forcing press to push thing to be drained off have following shortcoming: after the thing to be drained off effect of no longer being under pressure because vacuum effect, make the moisture content that is squeezed out in the thing to be drained off again back suction return in the dehydrate.

Japan Patent discloses in 4470/1978 the specification and discloses a kind of vacuum type dewaterer, and another part Japan Patent discloses in 5337/1980 the specification and disclose a kind of capillary dewaterer that utilizes, but the water separation capability of these conventional dehydration machines is limited.

The present invention will solve the technical problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, its purpose is to provide a kind of dewatering and equipment, thing wherein to be drained off utilizes each press member with pressure surface to push, so that extrude the moisture content in the thing to be drained off, this pressure surface is made of hard porous material, and this material has the characteristic of wick water utilized and water.The moisture content of extruding penetrates in the hard porous material, has so just realized the purpose of dehydration.

Another object of the present invention is, a kind of dewatering and equipment are provided, this method and apparatus is limited in the predetermined space this class of mud thing to be drained off, simultaneously by the extruder member extruding that has the pressure surface that constitutes by hard porous material respectively, hard porous material has the characteristic of wick water utilized and water, owing to exist hydraulic pressure, the water of extruding to be drawn onto in the hard porous material, can improve dewatering efficiency thus and make the water content of filter cake very low.

In order to reach the foregoing invention purpose, the invention provides a kind of dewatering, this method makes this class of mud thing to be drained off be subjected to the extruding of a pair of extruder member, the surface that has an extruder member at least is to be made of the hard porous material that utilizes wick water and water, and the water of extruding infiltrates in the hard porous material and preserves therein.

Except said method, the present invention also provides a kind of dewatering, and this method utilizes compressed air or similar means that the water that infiltrates and remain in the hard porous material is discharged from, so that make capillary regeneration.

The present invention also further provides a kind of dewatering, and this method utilizes a pair of opposed pressure roller that is abutting one another to push thing to be drained off.Having a pressure roller at least is the open column shape dehydration roll with pressure surface.Pressure surface is made of hard porous material, and this material has the characteristic of wick water utilized and water.During work, the water extruded infiltrates in the porous material of dehydration roll so that thing to be drained off dehydration.When sticking to after filter cake on the pressure roller disposes, in the open column shape dehydration roll, send into compressed air so that from hard porous material, discharge moisture content, make capillary regeneration.

The present invention also provides a kind of dewatering, and in this method, this class of mud thing to be drained off is limited in the predetermined space.During work, by a pair of extruder member extrusion dehydration.Have at least the pressure surface of an extruder member to be made of hard porous material, this material has the characteristic of suction and water.Owing to there is hydraulic pressure, the water of extruding infiltrates in the hard porous material, makes the water that squeezes out replace the water that retains in the hard porous material, makes the filter cake of thing dehydration to be drained off and acquisition low water content.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of dehydration equipment.Thing to be drained off is extrusion dehydration between a pair of extruder member opposite each other, it is characterized in that having at least the pressure surface of an extruder member to be made of hard porous material, and this material has the characteristic of wick water utilized and water.

The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned dehydration equipment, and this equipment has the capillary reclaim equiment that can discharge the water that retains in the hard porous material.

Extrusion dehydration equipment provided by the invention is made up of following part: a crimping section, and by at least two roller extruding that are made of hard porous material, this material has the characteristic of the capillarity utilized suction and water to thing to be drained off in this part; A flexible member, it is used for limiting many storage part that are used to deposit thing to be drained off; A thing to be drained off is supplied with part, is used for the thing to be drained off storage part of packing into.

The present invention also provides a kind of dehydration roll that can be used for above-mentioned dewater unit, it is characterized in that, a kind of hard porous material, it has the characteristic of wick water utilized and water, but also have the preset thickness that is positioned on the columnar component external peripheral surface, have many small through hole on the external peripheral surface of columnar component.

The present invention also provides a kind of dehydration equipment, push the thing to be drained off that places therebetween by extruder member opposite each other, it is characterized in that, described extruder member is a plate shape extruder member, wherein has an apparent surface to have to utilize the hard porous material layer of capillary suction and water at least, extruder member disposes compressible component respectively, and member surrounds the lip-deep presumptive area of extruder member.When extruder member mutually near the time to predetermined gap, above-mentioned compressible member cooperatively interacts and the said zone and the external world is separated.

Fig. 1 is the side view of first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 is the cutaway view that is in the plenum chamber of connection status in the presentation graphs 1; Fig. 3 is the partial left side view of installing among Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is the partial sectional view of getting along the A-A line of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is each operation phase that is used for describing first embodiment shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of expressing second embodiment of the invention; Fig. 7 is the cutaway view of getting along B-B line among Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is the sectional view about third embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 9 is the longitudinal sectional view about the dehydration roll of four embodiment of the invention; Figure 10 is the cutaway view of getting along C-C line among Fig. 9; Figure 11 is in the direction of arrow D a view among Fig. 9.

Figure 12 is the sectional view about the 5th embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 is the cutaway view of getting along E-E line among Figure 12.

Figure 14 is the cutaway view about sixth embodiment of the invention; Figure 15 is the curve map that concerns between expression various average pore sizes of porous ceramics and the absorption speed.

Figure 16 is the measuring instrument cutaway view that is used to measure absorption speed as shown in figure 15; Figure 17 represents to have the curve map that concerns between the draining percentage of porous ceramics of different average pore diameters and the air pressure; Figure 18 and Figure 19 express traditional dewaterer respectively.

Figure 20 is the view about seventh embodiment of the invention.

Figure 21 is the view about eighth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 22 is the view about ninth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 23 is the view about tenth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 24 is the view about eleventh embodiment of the invention.

Figure 25 is the view about twelveth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 26 is the side view of the major part of the 7th, the 9th embodiment.

Figure 27 is the theoretical perspective figure of expression according to thirteenth embodiment of the invention; Figure 28 is the cutaway view of expression according to thirteenth embodiment of the invention; Figure 29 is used for representing the view of the working condition of the 13 embodiment; Figure 30 (A), 30(B) and 31(A) to 31(D) in each width of cloth all be the expression major part cutaway view.

Figure 32 is the cutaway view about fourteenth embodiment of the invention; Figure 33 is the cutaway view about fifteenth embodiment of the invention; Figure 34 is used for describing the 14 and the view of the 15 embodiment working condition.

Figure 35 is the cutaway view about sixteenth embodiment of the invention.

Figure 36 to Figure 39 is a view of expressing seventeenth embodiment of the invention, and wherein Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of expressing its general structure; Figure 37 and Figure 38 are respectively the sectional view and the partial sectional views of a filter plate; Figure 40 (A) to Figure 40 (F) be the view of representing the 17 embodiment duty respectively.

Describe embodiments of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings in detail.

In dewatering of the present invention and equipment, the hard porous material of high compressive strength (for example porous ceramics) constitutes pressure surface by having very, utilize a pair of extruder member to push thing to be drained off, utilize capillarity and have suction and the hard porous material of water characteristic dewaters thing to be drained off with such pressure surface.Therefore, at first porous ceramics is illustrated following three as an illustration, promptly hard porous material use capillarity and relation between the water sorption (absorption speed), air pressure and the drainage (drainage speed) that have.

Figure 15 expresses the relation between the average pore size (μ m) of the material absorption speed that draws of experiment and porous ceramics, and in the drawings, ordinate is represented absorption speed (cm ³/ cm ²S), abscissa is represented average pore size.The use porous silicon carbide (β-Sic) plate is as porous ceramics, and it has following average pore size:

A： 260μm

B： 140μm

C： 26μm

D： 8μm

E:140 μ m(body)+4 μ m(surface film)

Can learn that from Figure 15 the absorption speed of material is directly proportional with average pore size basically, promptly the average pore size of material is big more, and its absorption speed is high more.But for E,, for example have only 4 μ m though average pore size is less, can obtain with average pore size be the suitable absorption speeds of 40 μ m, this means that when keeping absorption speed on certain level the time, film can make the average pore size that adopts on the material surface reduce.

It should be noted that, the numerical value of absorption speed is measured in the following manner: as shown in figure 16, the porous ceramic plate that makes each piece have different average pore diameters by airtight and watertight padding 2 closely contacts with one section transparent propylene acid tube 3, will send into from the upper end of transparent propene acid tube 3 to measure corresponding to the water of maximum water absorption water is all absorbed the required time.

About absorbent time, when the thickness of porous ceramic plate 1 is 10mm, if absorption speed is 0.1cm ³/ cm ²S, the material porosity is 40%, then required absorbent time t can be drawn by following formula:

t＝（1cm ³/cm ²×0.4）/（0.1cm ³/cm ²·S）

=4Sec(suction: 100%)

So, suppose that suction and injection water retaining in reservoir are 50%, then t was about for 2 seconds, in other words, can absorb moisture content in extremely short a period of time.

To describe with air pressure below and discharge the moisture content that remains in the porous ceramic plate, and promptly utilize air pressure to make capillary regeneration.

Figure 17 is the curve map of the relation of the discharge rate of material when being in following situation and the air pressure that material bears.In 2 to 4 seconds, will have different average pore diameters (as shown in figure 15) and the moisture content that has in the porous ceramic plate of moisture content is discharged with air pressure.Can be clear that from Figure 17: average pore size is big more, and discharge rate is high more, and C and D are the curves that average pore size is approximately equal to or less than the material of 30 μ m, and they are because discharge rate is low and not ideal enough.Although but the material surface average pore size of E is less, it has discharge rate preferably.

Above-mentioned experimental result shows: have average pore size 260 μ m, 140 μ m and 140 μ m(bodies respectively)+4 μ m(surface films) porous ceramic plate A, B and E can be at about 0.5Kg/cm ² Instantaneous discharge 80% or more moisture content under the air pressure of G.

About the rationale of draining, also can utilize capillarity to obtain explaining.

If suppose:

The inside and outside capillary liquid level discrepancy in elevation: h

Capillary radius: r

Fluid density: ρ

Surface tension of liquid: T

Contact angle: θ

Acceleration of gravity: g

So

h·ρ·g＝2Tcosθ/r

h＝2Tcosθ/rρg

For water, T=72.6dyn/cm, θ=8 °.Therefore by above-mentioned equation, can try to achieve h

h＝（2×72.6×10 ^-5N/cm×cos8°）/（rcm×10 ^-3Kg/cm ³×9.8N/Kg）

＝9.147/rcm

In like manner:

When the 2r=100 μ m=0.01cm of aperture

h＝29cm＝0.03Kg/cm ²

And when the 2r=10 μ m=0.001cm of aperture

h＝290cm 0.3Kg/cm ²

Therefore be appreciated that to be that 8 μ m, air pressure are 0.3Kg/cm why in average pore size ²The time, there is not moisture content from porous ceramic plate D, to discharge basically.

In addition, stick to the mud on the pressure surface that constitutes by hard porous material or the separability of analog and be based on following argument:

1. along with the increase of average pore size, the material water absorbing properties improves, and the ability of preserving mud or analog also improves, even therefore when extruding mud one class material, does not also have basically to flow out the seam of mud between a pair of pressure surface.For the material of different types of mud and so on, average pore size surpasses 20 μ m may cause separation difficulty.

2. certain, because increasing, average pore size make the separable performance of mud one class material become better.If but all use the air pressure mode to make capillary regeneration (discharge moisture content) at every turn, can allow the material that adopts average pore size bigger slightly.

When the separability of considering the regeneration of absorption speed, capillary, mud and outside during factor such as fluidity, average pore size is 0.5 to 350 μ m preferably.Certainly, above-mentioned span also depends on the kind of mud or analog.However, only be made of layer of material as hard porous material, then its average pore size is preferably about 30 to 200 μ m, and hard porous material is made of the two layers of material of belt surface film, and then the average pore size of its surface film part is preferably 1 to 30 μ m.

4. the separability of mud one class material depends on the grain shape that constitutes used hard porous material.In general, hard porous material is to be made of granular, needle-like, sheet, fibrous particle or their mixture, and in these materials, the porous material that is made of sheet-like particle is easier to by the plane of sheet-like particle mud be separated.In addition, the mean aspect ratio of above-mentioned sheet-like particle (length on the length of sheet-like particle long axis direction/sheet-like particle short-axis direction) is preferably 2-50.

5. with a pair of hard porous material extrusion dehydration the time, if two kinds of materials have different average pore sizes, when these two kinds of materials were separated from one another, mud sticked on the material with big average pore size.In addition, can determine which material mud can stick on according to the capillary regeneration level of material.Should be noted that when using hard porous material extrusion dehydration be to be clipped in when carrying out under two states between the filter cloth belt at mud, needn't pay special attention to can be from the property problem.

Fig. 1-the 5th is according to the schematic diagram of first embodiment of the invention.

In Fig. 1 to 5, label 11 and 11 expression dehydration rolls, dehydration roll opposed and axis is mutually arranged abreast, they respectively around separately axle 41 with the rotation of opposite direction, each dehydration roll 11 all has overcoat 44, overcoat 44 has many groove 42 and many radial holes 43 that pass overcoat 44 and communicate with groove 42 that form along the circumferencial direction of overcoat 44, and the hard porous material 6 of one deck covers on the excircle of overcoat 44.

Annular slab 45 is securely fixed on the every axle 41 and defines the position of quill shaft 46.Overcoat 44 is securely fixed on the neighboring of each floor 47, and floor 47 radially is configured on the quill shaft 46.These floors 47 are along the radially five equilibrium quill shaft 46 of dehydration roll and the zone between the overcoat 44.Respectively with side plate 48,48 ' seal two sides of overcoat 44.Each segment space by floor 47 and side plate 48,48 ' surround has been determined a plenum chamber 49.Compressed air inlet pipe 10 is connected on the side plate 48, pipe 10 is fixed by a block pressur plate 51, pressing plate 51 can slide on side plate 48, when it covers to the compressed-air actuated injection well 50 of plenum chamber 49 supply, because pressing plate 51 has intercommunicating pore, so, compressed air is sent into the plenum chamber 49 that is divided into by floor 47 in turn from each injection well 50 along with the rotation of dehydration roll 11.

It should be noted that preferably with the plenum chamber 49 that axially above-mentioned space be divided into four or more equal volume of floor 47 along dehydration roll.In addition, a thing supply area 52 to be drained off is arranged on the extruding position 13 between the dehydration roll 11 and 11, thing to be drained off is forced to send in the thing supply area 52 to be drained off.The scraping blade that separates filter cake is installed in the downstream at extruding position 13 (from the direction of rotation) and contacts with the hard porous material that is cladding one of them dehydration roll 11 surface.In the example as shown in Figure 1, because the average pore size of the dehydration roll 11 lip-deep hard porous materials 6 in left side is bigger than the average pore size of the lip-deep hard porous material 6 of right side dehydration roll, the filter cake that squeezes out the position 13 from extruding just sticks on the surface of hard porous material 6 on dehydration roll 11 surfaces, left side, therefore, it is just passable on the dehydration roll 11 scraping blade 20 need only to be contained in the left side.Be noted that the filter cake that comes out from extruding position 13 still is bonded on the material surface of left side dehydration roll when the surface roughness of the hard porous material on the left side dehydration roll 11 during greater than the surface roughness of the hard porous material on the right side dehydration roll 11.In this case, also only need to be installed on the dehydration roll of left side scraping blade 20 just passable.

As shown in Figure 4, seal 52 is arranged on some position in the cannelure 42 in the overcoat 44, and the position that the floor 47 of plenum chamber 49 is fixed is promptly separated in this position.These seals have cut off the connection between the each several part of groove 42 in a circumferential direction.Like this, the capillary of each hard porous material 6 regeneration just occurs over just the outer surface of each plenum chamber 49 that compressed air sends into.

Scraping blade 17 is used to scrape and sticks to each hard porous material 6 lip-deep water, and scraping blade 17 is arranged on the capillary renewing zone, and the back and the downstream of scraping blade 20 separated in the renewing zone at filter cake.In the renewing zone, the capillary pneumatically is regenerated, and is collected in the discharge casing 34 by the water that scraping blade 17 scrapes, and this discharge casing is arranged on below the renewing zone and delivery pipe 27 is housed.

In dehydration equipment shown in Figure 1, mud and so on thing to be drained off forces to send into thing supply area 52 to be drained off, and by the surface extruding of the hard porous material 6 on a pair of dehydration roll 11 and 11, a part of water in the thing to be drained off is absorbed by hard porous material 6 then.Along with the rotation of dehydration roll 11, thing to be drained off enters extruding position 13, and the water in the thing to be drained off is extruded, and material 6 utilizes its capillarity rapidly the water of extruding to be absorbed and is kept in the material.By extruding position 13 with after not bearing pressure, utilize the capillary water ability of material 6 at thing to be drained off, do not have water to turn back to the dehydrated thing basically, need not like this to worry that filter cake can become wet again from material 6.

In the above-described embodiments, the capillarity owing to hard porous material 6 is preserved the water in the mud.Be bonded at from extruding position 13 dewatered cake of coming out on the surface of material 6 of left side dehydration roll with big average pore size.Be bonded at that filter cake on the material 6 is scraped by scraping blade 20 and deliver to the outside by conveyer or similar device (not shown).Continuation rotation along with dehydration roll 11, compressed air is admitted to plenum chamber 49 from corresponding compressed air inlet pipe 10 through injection well 50 and pressing plate 51, pressing plate 51 slides on the surface of each side plate 48, like this, compressed air from the opposite side opposite with the suction side of material 6 by outside the aperture 43 and the groove 42 that put spray into the hard porous material 6, the water that absorbs in the material 6 is entered corresponding discharge casing 34, so just make the capillary regeneration in the material 6.

In the water of from material 6, discharging, after being scraped by the scraping blade 17 that is provided with, that part of water that is bonded at material 6 surfaces is collected in the discharge casing 34.To dewater be that carry out capillary renewing zone in that compressed air ejection is arranged owing to scrape with scraping blade, can be absorbed by the capillary of material 6 so needn't worry the water that strikes off again.If the phenomenon generation will overslaugh regeneration capillaceous like this.The water that is collected in the discharge casing 34 is drained by the delivery pipe of setting up 27.When two dehydration rolls 11 and 11 continue rotation, be attended by capillarity in the time of the extruding position extrusion dehydration of dehydration roll 11, then they just carry out the next round extrusion dehydration again.By dehydration roll 11 and 11 rotation, make and be attended by the capillary extrusion dehydration stage, filter cake is removed stage, capillary regeneration stage and bleeding stage and constantly repeated.Can make this class of mud thing to be drained off carry out continuous dehydration thus.

In Fig. 5, express extruding-water smoking, the filter cake of above-mentioned dehydration equipment and remove stage and capillary regeneration stage (spray compressed air).Specifically, dehydration is that the A point carries out in the drawings, removes filter cake by scraping blade 20 subsequently, carries out capillary regeneration at the B point at last.

If above-mentioned dehydration equipment uses so hard porous material 6, this material two-layerly constitutes (0.5-350 μ m) by what have a different average pore diameters, or it is made of continuous multilayer integral material and it directly has less average pore size with outermost one deck that mud wait dehydrate contacts, when stopping up so even on the surface of material 6, also needn't worry its inner can obstruction.Utilization becomes more or less freely from the capillary regeneration that the opposite side relative with the suction side send compressed air to make hard porous material 6.

It should be noted that the multilayer material that constitutes hard porous material 6 needn't be made of same material, for example can use metal and pottery, pottery and plastics or plastics and metal some combinations like this.

Hard porous material can be coated on any surface of two dehydration rolls 11, also can two all coats, or replaces above-mentioned arbitrary dehydration roll with the roller with flexible material surface, for example permeable or fluid-tight rubber rollers, air pressure roller and sponge roller.

Multilayer integral material as hard porous material 6 comprises such sandwich construction: its aperture increases continuously, or increases progressively gradually to the center from the top layer.

6 bonded doses one class materials of hard porous material are adhered to the surface of overcoat 44.When considering hard porous material easily manufactured and when it takes place need change when run-down, preferably thickness is approximately 10 to 15mm hard porous plate and is separated into one one the match board that area is about 10 to 30 square centimeters of sizes, and these match board are bonded on the outer surface of overcoat 44.

The rigidity porous material 6 of amalgamation preferably is bonded on the outer surface of overcoat 44 like this: the side of match board 6 is consistent with the circumferencial direction of dehydration roll 11, match board 6 from dehydration roll 11 axially on stagger mutually about 5-15cm and its side is closely contacted mutually.

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 represent second embodiment of the present invention.

In the drawings, each dehydration roll 11 all is that the hard porous material of wearing or featuring stage armour fixedly secures on the external peripheral surface of garden post 12 and constitutes, garden post 12 is hollow columnars, on its external peripheral surface, there is not the hole, dehydration roll 11 and 11 mutual opposed arrangements, their axle is parallel to each other and can rotate with opposite directions.

Feeder channel 14 is arranged on the side of dehydration roll 11 and 11, and during running, dehydration roll 11 and 11 surface separately is at the mutual convergence in this side, and feeder channel 14 is pressed on the surface of dehydration roll 11 and 11 so that groove 14 sealings.Feeder channel 14 equates with the axial length of dehydration roll 11 and 11.Two axial ends of groove 14 are also sealed by the sealing plate (not shown).Like this, force to send in the feeder channel 14 by raw material supply tube 15 by the helicoidal pump or the feeding screw of groove top when thing to be drained off.Thing to be drained off can keep certain pressure when filling feeder channel equably 14 is inner, this pressure is greatly about 0.1 to 5Kg/cm ²Scope in, although this depends on the kind of thing to be drained off.

For the dehydration equipment with above-mentioned layout, when dehydration roll 11 was pressed into extruding position 13 with thing to be drained off, because capillarity, hard porous material 6 absorbed the water of extruding and preserves.Because the capillarity of material 6, the water of extruding is kept in the material (being the water effect), thing to be drained off is through extruding position 13 and after not being stressed, and do not have water basically and returns in the filter cake from material 6 and go, and so just can reduce the water yield that is absorbed by filter cake again.Filter cake by extruding position 13 is separated by scraping blade 20, scraping blade 20 is arranged on the sidepiece of dehydration roll 11 and 11, because the rotation of roller 11 and 11, two rollers cylindrical outer surface separately is separated from each other, that is to say, scraping blade is positioned at the bottom of two rollers 11, scraping blade 20 and dehydration roll 11 and 11 roller axially on be to be in the pressure contact condition.Be used for filter cake be sent to the outside screw spreader 18 be arranged on scraping blade 20 below.Cover 22 is installed in the downstream (seeing on the direction of rotation with respect to dehydration roll 11) of the back of each scraping blade 20.

Each cover 22 tightly covers the neighboring of dehydration roll 11 corresponding with it.Be arranged on the edge away from cover 22 1 sides of scraper plate 20 with the contacted scraper plate 17 in the neighboring of dehydration roll 11.In addition, pump orifice 23 and scavenge port 26 are separately positioned on the side and the bottom of each dehydration cover.The demister 24 that is connected with air exhauster 25 is connected with two pump orifices 23, and the dried up waste side of the branch of demister 24 and two scavenge ports 26 are linked together by delivery pipe 27.

When 11 rotations of the dehydration roll in the cover 22 that is arranged in separately, for the water that will be collected in the cover 22 is introduced scavenge port 26 and demister 24 isolated water is passed through delivery pipe 27 discharges, air exhauster 25 is by demister 24 suction pump orifices 23, reduce to cover the pressure in 22, thereby produce vacuum in the surface of each hard porous material 6 side, the water that contains in the material 6 can be discharged effectively.Sticking to before corresponding hard porous material 6 lip-deep water produce cover 22, scraper plate 17 strikes off water, and the water droplet that strikes off is dropped in the cover 22.

As shown in Figure 7, in the present embodiment, for ease of discharging the water that hard porous material 6 absorbs, be provided with many grooves 21 at the outer surface of each cylinder 12, these grooves along the circumferential direction extend, round the whole outer surface of cylinder 12.The water that hard porous material 6 absorbs can be easily discharged in being provided with of groove 21, this is because in each dehydration roll 11 the latter half, the water that absorbs near the downstream of two roller extruder members 13 when this of dehydration roll 11 half partly when being higher than its center regional, can be replaced by air, and these air enter hard porous material by groove 21 just.

Then, in this embodiment, resemble this class of mud thing to be drained off and send into feeder channel 14, be pressed in the surface of the hard porous material 6 on the dehydration roll 11, thereby a part of water that contains in the thing to be drained off is inhaled into material 6 by raw material supply tube 15.Along with the rotation of dehydration roll 11, thing to be drained off arrives the extruding position 13 between roller, squeezes out the water in the thing to be drained off herein.Simultaneously, because the capillarity of hard porous material 6, the water of extruding is absorbed rapidly.Scraper plate 20 scrapes off the filter cake that has dewatered, falls into casing 19, and is sent to the outside by conveying worm 18.Along with dehydration roll 11 continues to forward to cover 22, because the swabbing action that air exhauster 25 is produced reduces cover 22 air pressure inside.So, absorb and the water that remains in the hard porous material is pumped out from material.Scraper plate 17 scrapes off the water that sticks to material 6 surfaces.Emit the water that cover 22 is collected by delivery pipe 27.

Like this, produce vacuum on the outer surface in downstream by extruding position 13 at dehydration roll 11, thereby derive more, the water that hard porous material on dehydration roll 11 absorbs and preserves, caused capillary regeneration, thereby increased the hole quantity of dehydration roll 11, the water absorbing capacity at hard porous material 6 two rollers extruding position 13 in the next round dehydrating operation is strengthened.

Figure 8 shows that the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.In the present embodiment, dewater unit shown in Figure 6 is put upside down.Settle near the dehydration roll external peripheral surface as far as possible except conveying worm 18, the arrangement of the present embodiment embodiment with Fig. 6 basically is identical.

Fig. 9 to 11 is schematic diagrames of four embodiment of the invention.As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, radially be provided with many apertures 28, the surface of the whole cylinder 12 of hard porous material 6 is arranged above aperture 28 spreads over along cylinder 12.Be provided with a liquid spoon plate 30 on an end plate of cylinder 12, the centre bore of hollow shaft 29 is included in the spoon plate 30, and side plate 31 is contained on the end face of liquid spoon plate 30, makes spoon plate 30 constitute a container.Liquid spoon plate 30 can extend on the whole axial length of cylinder 12.

The centre bore of hollow shaft 29 communicates with the inside of liquid spoon plate 30, is provided with a drainage arrangement (not drawing among the figure) in axle 29 ends.This drainage arrangement is not by a rotary connector communicate with centre bore (though details is drawn).The centre bore of another hollow shaft communicates with the bleeding point of an air exhauster 32.

Small through hole 28 can be opened in the bottom of strip sulculus, and these strip sulculuses along the circumferential direction are located at the neighboring of the air entry of cylinder 12; Small through hole 28 also can be opened in the bottom of the strip sulculus that extends vertically, and the strip sulculus does not run through cylinder 12, but just in time terminates in the position before cylinder 12 two ends.

Among Fig. 9, because being located at the vacuum that produced in the dehydrated roller 11 of the water that absorbs in the hard porous material 6 outside the dehydration roll and preserve sucks, therefore, the suitable practice is: constitute hard porous material 6 with having 0.5 μ m double-deck integral material of different average pore diameters in 350 mu m ranges, when material is set, make the surface of less average pore size be defined as the outer surface that contacts with thing to be drained off, perhaps constitute hard porous material 6 with multilayer material, outer surface is defined as the surface of little average pore size, and the aperture begins to increase gradually from outer surface.

In Fig. 9, when dehydration roll 11 rotations, air in the air exhauster 32 suction hollow cylinders 12, thereby in cylinder 12, be in vacuum state, interior and be collected in the bottom of cylinder 12 so that the water that hard porous material 6 absorbed and retained can be drawn into cylinder 12 by small through hole 28.When cylinder 12 is pressed the direction of arrow shown in Figure 10 and 11 when rotation, scoop out from its neighboring by liquid spoon plate 30 at the water of cylindrical base.When beyond spoon plate 30 turns to as shown in Figure 9, spoon plate 30 is sent into the water of scooping out in the centre bore of hollow shaft 29, then water is discharged.

In the embodiment of Fig. 9, because the water extruded is to import dehydration roll 11 inside, thus be easy to seal the passage of expressed water, and seal the basin that receives expressed water etc., those parts that must seal are smaller, this means may realize improving and draining cleanly.

Figure 12 and 13 is schematic diagrames of the 5th embodiment of the present invention.Hot water or heat medium 33 are carried into by the centre bore of the hollow shaft 29 on the end plate in two end plates of cylinder 12, and the centre bore by another hollow shaft 29 discharges, and hot water or heat medium 33 are heated and be re-circulated to the centre bore of first hollow shaft 29 by heater (not drawing among the figure) then.The liquid level of hot water in the dehydration roll 11 or heat medium 33 should be lower than the axle center of cylinder 11, so that add hot water or heat medium 33 at the downstream thermal dehydration roller 11 by two rollers extruding position 13.Between on-stream period, dehydration roll 11 and 11 driving with opposite directions like that shown in arrow among the figure, like this, just rotate downstream at extruding position 13 neighboring of dehydration roll 11.

Thing to be drained off resemble mud is sent into feeder channel 14 by raw material supply tube 15, by the respective surfaces extruding of the hard porous material 6 of dehydration roll 11.Because capillarity, a part of water that contains in the thing to be drained off is absorbed and attached to it by hard porous material 6.Along with the rotation of dehydration roll 11, thing to be drained off arrives extruding position 13, and the water that contains in the thing to be drained off here is extruded out.The water of extruding is owing to the capillarity of hard porous material 6 is absorbed rapidly.

Because the hot water of dehydration roll inside or the heat effect of heat medium 33, the water that hard porous material 6 is absorbed is very fast just to be overflowed from the surface of porous material 6, and therefore, the hard porous material 6 that is adopted in this embodiment preferably is made of the good conductor of heat.Thereby, when being heated through extruding position 13 and the hard porous material 6 that absorbed water, because air expands or the steam pressure of the cylinder position liquid of close heating one side, the water that makes hard porous material 6 absorb and preserve is discharged from, scraped by scraper plate 17 then, make the capillary regeneration of hard porous material 6.As mentioned above, on each dehydration roll 11, whenever circle and all repeat following process continuously, promptly utilize wick water and water, make capillary regeneration then.

The method capillaceous of regenerating in the time of can replacing (seeing Figure 12 and 13) as mentioned above and make hot water or heat medium 33 with heating using microwave by each dehydration roll.Heating using microwave can be from the inside of external heat dehydration roll 11.

Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of sixth embodiment of the invention, as shown in the figure, dewater unit has such structure, wherein hard porous material 6 is vertical with 6 and be placed on face-to-face in the casing 5 that is connected to raw material supply mouth 4, supply opening 4 is used for carrying the thing to be drained off of mud one class, and it is positioned at the centre position of two materials 6.

Hard porous up and down material 6 and 6 side separately, just relative with buffer brake and water sucting surface side firmly fixes forcing press 9 and 9, each forcing press all has the supporting and the vent board 7 of a hard porous material, many passages are arranged on the plate and air chamber 8 is arranged, compressed air inlet pipe 10 and 10 leads to lower chamber 8 and 8 respectively.

In dewater unit as described above, thing to be drained off is admitted in the casing 5 zones between the hard porous material 6 and 6 up and down, by forcing press 9 extruding.When thing to be drained off is mud,, utilizes the capillarity of material 6 and hydraulic pressure to suck in the hard porous material 6, thereby make sludge dewatering from the water of extruding between the particle of mud.

After filter-press dehydration was finished by this way, downforce machine 9 was removed from casing 5, and pusher (not shown) or other instrument are discharged the filter cake of staying on the forcing press 9.Then, compressor or similar device (not shown) are pressed into air chamber 8 to compressed air, supporting and vent board 7 and 7 by hard porous material, the side relative with pressure and water-absorption surface from hard porous material ejects, the result has discharged the water that is absorbed by porous material 6 by capillarity, and therefore makes capillary regeneration.Under these circumstances, when the average pore size of hard porous material 6 is up and down done mutually not simultaneously, do greatlyyer such as the average pore size of hard porous material 6 down, then filter cake sticks to down the upper surface of hard porous material 6.Should be noted that, may there is no need all to be provided with up and down hard porous material 6, one side can according to the grade of thing to be drained off and quantity only in both sides that hard porous material 6 is set is just enough.In addition, when the roughness of hard porous material 6 was different, for example the roughness of hard porous instantly material 6 was done greatlyyer than last hard porous material 6, and then filter cake also is bonded at down the upper surface of hard porous material 6.

(β-Sic) is used for to the mud extrusion dehydration of water content about 80% so that it is when to become water content be 50% filter cake when as shown in figure 15 the porous ceramic plate with various average pore sizes, be difficult to from the A point separating and dehydrating filter cake of maximum average pore size is arranged, and one B relative with A any be not stained with filter cake.The extrusion dehydration that carries out between B point and C point, though the filter cake after the B point that big average pore size is arranged is stained with dehydration, they are easy to separate.The extrusion dehydration that carries out between E point and F point also very easily separates filter cake.

Should be noted that, Xu Shu use in the above among each embodiment of dehydration roll 11, two dehydration rolls 11 can be fixed, and are invariable so that make corresponding distance between axles, and the slit of two roller extruder members 13 inevitable also be invariable.But also can a dehydration roll 11 be mounted to movably, so that can change, and treat dehydrate by spring SP (see figure 1) or hydraulic pressure and apply a predetermined pressure in the slit of extruding on the position 13 according to the kind configuration device of thing to be drained off.In the slit scope at extruding position 13 from 0 to about 10mm, but when working, the slit generally from about 1mm to about 4mm.

Figure 20 is the schematic diagram according to the belt filter pressing dehydrator of the 7th embodiment design of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, belt filter press has the filter cloth belt 102 and 103 of two annulars, and they walk around one group of wheel 101, and arranges like this: one on the surface of their relative separately predetermined segment is laid on another.Arbitrary the filter cloth belt that is used for providing the gravity section 104 of thing to be drained off (as mud) to be disposed in filter cloth belt 102 and 103 is as on a certain section of filter cloth belt 103.In addition, between filter cloth belt 102 and 103 along on its direction of motion, a pre-dewatering period 105 of wedge shape is set.First pressing section 107 is taken turns 106 and is limited by one or more. Filter cloth belt 102 and 103 1 are laid in and take turns by these above another.

In place, be equipped with filter cloth belt 102 and 103 is clipped in central pressure roller 108 and 109 in addition against first pressing section 107.Utilize a pressing mechanism 110 one of pressure roller 108 and 109, promptly pressure roller 108 is pressed on another pressure roller 109.After by the zone between the pressure roller 108 and 109, filter cloth belt 102 and 103 is separated from each other and comes.Having a pressure roller (as pressure roller 108) in the pressure roller 108,109 at least is the hollow cylindrical dehydration roll that is stained with hard porous material as the surface, and this material has the ability of the wick water utilized.

In addition, the pressure roller 108 as dehydration roll can be equipped with the capillary regenerating unit.As the capillary regenerating unit, preferably adopt a kind of pressure type of device, this device is provided with like this: when extruding position N has been passed through on the surface of pressure roller 108 and 109, make compressed air introduce the hollow space of pressure roller 108, and spray in the hard porous material, thereby remove the water that remains in the capillary.Except this pressure type of device, also can adopt a kind of like this method: the hollow space of suction pressure roller 108, make to produce vacuum in this part, aspirate the water of removing in the hard porous material so that utilize; Or adopt a kind of heating means, and heat medium is introduced the hollow space of pressure roller 108, utilize the air that causes by heating to expand or the vapour pressure of liquid is discharged moisture content in the hard porous material.

In belt filter pressing dehydrator as shown in figure 20, mud to be drained off is delivered to the gravity dehydration section 104 on the filter cloth belt 103, carries out gravity dehydration in the time of conveying, until reaching the pre-dewatering period 105 of wedge shape.At pre-dewatering period 105, filter cloth belt 102 and 103 is that a band is pressed on another, simultaneously thing to be drained off is clipped in the middle, and this material is sent to first pressing section 107, carries out first pressing in first pressing section 107.Along with the motion of filter cloth belt 102 and 103, thing to be drained off pushes pinch roller 108 and 109, squeezes out the moisture content of preserving in the thing to be drained off.Because capillarity, the water that squeezes out is inhaled into rapidly in the pinch roller 108 lip-deep hard porous materials by filter cloth belt 102, and dehydrate is discharged with the cake form with low water content then.If filter cake is a sewage sludge, the speed of service in filter cloth belt 102 and 103 is 0.5 when the 4m/min, and can obtain thickness is 3 to 10mm, and water content is 60% or lower filter cake.Hard porous material is to decide according to the aperture on its top layer to the viscosity of mud to be drained off or filter cake, if the aperture of hard porous material surface is 200 μ m or littler, all be detained with any mud or filter cake that the surface directly contacts, thereby can omit as the filter cloth belt 102(on pressure roller 108 1 sides of dehydration roll and see Figure 21) by filter cloth one side.

When directly giving the sludge dewatering of low concentration (solids content of a few percent) by the capillarity of hard porous material, required water absorption increases, and this means that finishing absorption dewatering by multistage hard porous material is no advantage.Therefore, preferably use the capillarity of hard porous material of utilizing recited above and carry out extrusion dehydration, promptly so-called second dehydration method is promptly in advance sludge dewatering being dewatered after about 80%～90% water content again by existing various dewaterings.

In general, be to select by means of vacuum dehydration, belt press filtration or similarly existing dewatering according to the character of thing to be drained off, be easy to thing to be drained off is dewatered to 80% to 90% water content with existing these dewaterings.Therefore, if, can be easy to realize high-efficiency dehydration, can make water content reach 60% or lower the downstream that merges to existing vacuum hydroextractor, belt filter pressing dehydrator etc. according to the extrusion dehydration of hard porous material of the present invention.

Figure 21 is the belt filter pressing dehydrator schematic diagram according to the 8th embodiment of the present invention.In this embodiment, filter cloth belt 102 and 103 is separated from each other at pressure roller 108 that uses hard porous material and 109 upstream side, filter cloth belt 103 with mud to be drained off together by the zone between the pressure roller 108 and 109.The effect of present embodiment is similar to belt filter pressing dehydrator shown in Figure 20 in essence.

Figure 22 is the schematic diagram according to the belt filter pressing dehydrator of the 9th embodiment of the present invention.In the present embodiment, the pressure roller 108 among Figure 20 and 109 is pressure roller 108 and 109 ' replaced, and pressure roller 108 is the dehydration rolls that its surface is made of hard porous material, and 109 ' be a plurality of pressure to be added to pressure roller on the thing to be drained off.In Figure 22, mud to be drained off be clipped between filter cloth belt 102 and 103 and by pressure roller 108 and 109 ' push.In this case, the filter cloth belt 102 of pressure roller 108 1 sides can omit.Figure 23 is the belt filter pressing dehydrator schematic diagram according to tenth embodiment of the invention.In the present embodiment, omitted the first pressing section of belt filter pressing dehydrator shown in Figure 20, therefore, present embodiment is applicable to the thing to be drained off of handling relatively low water content.

Figure 24 is the dewaterer schematic diagram according to eleventh embodiment of the invention.This embodiment arranges like this: above-mentioned pressure roller 108 is as the dehydration roll with hard porous material surface, and it directly contacts with vacuum hydroextractor V.

Figure 26 is the enlarged drawing at the main position of the belt filter pressing dehydrator shown in Figure 20 and 23.The mud one class thing to be drained off that is clipped between filter cloth belt 102 and 103 is transported to extruding position N, and the water depended on pressure in the thing to be drained off is here extruded.Because the capillarity of hard porous material C, the water of extruding is absorbed rapidly.

After the water in the thing to be drained off was extruded by pressure and is absorbed by hard porous material C capillarity in the above described manner, thing to be drained off became filter cake, separated from extruding position N from material surface then and was transferred away.Along with as being rotated further of the pressure roller 108 of dehydration roll, compressed air through the pressing plates 121 that the side plate 118 at pressure roller 108 slides, is transported to plenum chamber 119 from injection well 120 from compressed air inlet pipe 122 then.Compressed air from the overcoat 114 of a suction side relative side, be ejected in the hard porous material C by aperture and the groove (seeing Fig. 3 and 4) that forms on the overcoat 114, thereby hard porous material C is absorbed and the water that retains is discharged in the letdown tank 127, make the capillary regeneration in the hard porous material C in this way, return to the water-free state of capillary that makes.

From the water that hard porous material C is discharged, stick to that part of of material C surface and scraped and be collected in the letdown tank 127 by scraper plate 128.Because it is to carry out in the capillary renewing zone that the compressed air ejection is arranged that scraper plate 128 is scraped water, can not absorbed once more by the capillary of hard porous material C so worry the water that scraper plate 128 scrapes.When material C was transferred to extruding position N again, it can absorb the water of extruding without any obstacle ground from thing to be drained off.The water that letdown tank 127 is collected is discharged through delivery pipe 126.

As mentioned above, along with the rotation as the pressure roller 108 of dehydration roll, the things to be drained off that pressure roller 108 and 109 pairs are clipped in the middle of filter cloth belt 102 and 103 push, and extrude water contained in the thing to be drained off.And because the capillarity of hard porous material C on filter-press dehydration roller 108, the water of extruding is absorbed, and discharges the water that retains in the capillary then so that capillary regeneration.By repeating top described series of steps continuously, i.e. the absorption of pressure dehydration, water and preservation and regeneration capillaceous and mud one class thing to be drained off is sent by continuous dehydration and with the form of filter cake.

In conjunction with dewaterer of the present invention, adopt the electric osmose and the press filtration that have grown up can carry out more effective dehydration.Especially, among described in the above each embodiment, surface as the pressure roller 108 of dehydration roll is made of the hard porous material of conduction, apply voltage at hard porous storeroom as electrode, and another pressure roller 109 is because the combined potential difference has produced electroosmosis, so that the water in the mud to be drained off since electroosmosis be forced to hard porous material and moved, thereby quickened capillary in the hard porous material to the absorption of water.

Figure 27 is the perspective view of expression thirteenth embodiment of the invention.It has illustrated a filter-press dehydration device that adopts porous belts as flexible member from principle.And Figure 28 is the sectional view of filter pressing dehydrator shown in Figure 27.

Numeral 201 representatives have the porous belts of many square hole 201a as shown in figure 27 like that among the figure, porous belts 201 and a pair of pressure roller 202 that is close to mutually and 202 ' width are about equally, and with directive wheel 209, regulating wheel 210 or similarly take turns tensioning, make porous belts 201 by pressure roller 202 and 202 ' between the zone and around pressure roller 202.

Each is made of overcoat 221 and the hard porous material 222 that covers on overcoat 221 outer surfaces pressure roller.Many circumferential slot 221a and many aperture 221b that passes overcoat and be communicated with these grooves 221a are arranged on the overcoat 221.Overcoat firmly is connected with axle 223 by the floor 224 of radially configuration.Floor 224 is arranged discontinuously to wait zone between split axle 223 and the overcoat 221.Floor 224 is along the axial stretching, extension of axle 223.The axial end portion of two floors is all sealed by side plate, has constituted a drain chamber 225 at axle 223 and 221 in overcoat.Discharge orifice 240 is arranged on the side plate that constitutes each drain chamber 225 1 end.Discharge orifice 240 is connected with delivery pipe 241 in minimum point.

The feeder channel of thing to be drained off (as mud) is adorned in numeral 203 expressions.Thing to be drained off is sent into feeder channel 203 by pump (not shown) or similar device with predetermined pressure, and be filled among the square hole 201a on the porous belts 201, then by pressure roller 202 and 202 ' between when zone be extruded with porous belts 201, by extruding, the moisture content that contains in the thing to be drained off is extruded and is kept in the hard porous material 222 by the capillarity that the back will be described in detail.In this way the dehydrate after the dehydration with the form of filter cake stick to the pressure roller 202 of rough surface ' on, discharge by means of scraper plate 205 then.Numeral 204 expression side seal boards among the figure, numeral 207 expression sluicing grooves.

When not having water to exist in the capillary of hard porous material, hard porous material 222 has suction and water effect, and it absorbs water and water is rapidly, but when being full of water in the capillary, and material 222 only has water is remained in effect in the capillary.Therefore, though in the incipient stage, promptly when not being full of water in the capillary, the hard porous material 222 of pressure roller 202 and 202 ' upward setting absorbs the water that squeeze out rapidly from thing to be drained off.But after this, material 222 has just lost water sorption.The water that absorbs remains in the hard porous material 222 by the water effect, and the water that porous material 222 is preserved is extruded and be forced to the water that enters in the material 222 to replace from thing to be drained off.Particularly, be filled in thing to be drained off among the square hole 201a of porous belts 201 by a pair of pressure roller 202 and 202 ' squeeze out water wherein, and make the water of extruding enter hard porous material 222, and the water that has retained here is discharged to the outside, is replaced by the water that is forced into material 222.

The water that is substituted and discharges from aforesaid hard porous material is drained in the drain chamber 225 by groove 221a and aperture 221b, collects in the discharge launder 207 by discharge orifice 240 and delivery pipe 241 then.

It should be noted, for the pressure roller 202 and 202 of regenerating ' on the capillary of hard porous material, can adopt compressed air to make the means of capillary regeneration on filter-press dehydration device as shown in figure 28, this compressed air dewatering type is similar to adopted on the dewaterer shown in Figure 1 the sort of.

When making hard porous material 222 with porous ceramic film material,, preferably select the porous ceramics of porosity between 30%～60% for keeping intensity.And when considering the separability of absorption speed and filter cake, the aperture preferably is selected in 0.5 μ m between the 350 μ m, and the best is between the 200 μ m, although suitable scope depends on the kind of thing to be drained off at 1 μ m.Yet, when the viscosity of thing to be drained off is relatively large, preferably adopt its surface that the double layer material of film is arranged, the aperture of film from 1 μ m to 30 μ m.

Figure 29 is the local amplification profile of the major part of this embodiment, and it has shown the working method of present embodiment.The extruding scope of pressure roller 202 and 202 ' act on the thing to be drained off depends on the α angle as shown in the figure, this scope is made of line (extruding position) between the point of the periphery of the square hole 201a on the porous belts 201 and pressure roller 202 and 202 ' contact simultaneously and pressure roller 202, the 202 ' center.Therefore, in extruding thing to be drained off, shown in Figure 30 A, porous belts 201 also is extruded, and is crushed.Yet because pressure roller 202 and 202 ' between the frictional force that produced, porous belts 201 shapes are maintained, thus do as a whole porous belts is produced be out of shape on the two-dimensional directional surperficial along it be difficult for.

After the extruding position, when the porous belts 201 that is crushed in extrusion process restored to the original state, porous belts 201 separated with the periphery of thing to be drained off shown in Figure 30 B like that, so filter cake is easy to separate with porous belts 201.

In order to reach aforesaid purpose, promptly to separate filter cake ， And and treat dehydrate and apply enough pressure from porous belts 201, porous belts 201 preferably be used in extruding down the material of easy deformation make.And preferably adopt hardness (H _S) be 50 or be lower than 50 rubber, or shown in Figure 31 D such hollow rubber.Should be noted that, on the rib position that each periphery branch of porous belts 201 limits, promptly on the flexible member, except above-mentioned hollow shape, can also be just like Figure 31 A to the section structure shown in the 31C.

According to this embodiment because porous belts 201 retrained thing to be drained off, and with a pair of pressure roller 202 and 202 ' push thing to be drained off, so can obtain very big pressure, promptly from 50 to 100Kg/cm ²

Figure 32 is the profile of press filtration-dehydration equipment of the 14th embodiment of the present invention.Represent with identical symbol with same or similar position shown in Figure 28 among the figure.

In this embodiment, porous belts 201 and 201 ' by directive wheel 209,209 ' and regulating wheel 210,210 ' tension, like this, porous belts 201 and 201 ' by pressure roller to 202 and 202 ' between regional And separately around pressure roller 202 and 202 ', and, along pressure roller 202 and 202 ' the neighboring form respectively wedge shape crush zone 212 and 212 ', crush zone 212 and 212 ' and pressure roller 202 and 202 ' surface between the space towards the extruding position reduce gradually.This embodiment of other parts is identical with the dehydration equipment shown in Figure 27 and 28.

According to this embodiment, as shown in figure 34, a certain scope (β angle) is depended in actual effective pressure district, and this scope is made of the contacted point of inlet (sending into the position) of the neighboring of the square hole 201a of porous belts 201 and wedge shape crush zone 212 center line (extruding position) to pressure roller 202.More precisely, as α angle among Figure 29 is represented, with pressure roller to 202 and 202 ' during extruding, less from the contact point of hole 201a that flexible member determined on the porous belts 201 and pressure roller 202 to the scope of pressure roller 202 center lines, and in this embodiment, since along pressure roller to 202 and 202 ' neighboring have wedge shape crush zone 212 and 212 ', effective range is enlarged.It should be noted that the diameter that increases pressure roller 202, can enlarge the extruding scope, but the increase of pressure roller 202 diameters has strengthened the size of equipment again, and the increase of porous belts 201 compression ratios also is subjected to the restriction of porous belts intensity.

Be provided with foregoing wedge shape crush zone 212 and 212 ' easily make pressure roller 202 and 202 ' extruding expanded range ， And and in not adopting other embodiment of porous belts 201 (for example in the embodiment shown in fig. 1) utilize wedge shape crush zone 212 and 212 ' can improve press filtration-dehydrating effect.

And be used for enlarging the crush zone 212 and 212 of extruding scope ' shape not necessarily be only limited to wedge shape, as long as employed extruding position has pressure surface when extruding thing to be drained off, this pressure surface pressure roller 202 and 202 ' between the contact site give decide on the scope with pressure roller 202 and 202 ' respective surfaces toward each other, space between pressure surface and the corresponding roller surface reduces (towards the extruding position) gradually along the pressure roller rotation direction, and crush zone also can adopt other shapes.

Figure 33 is the profile of press filtration-dehydration equipment.This figure is the 15th embodiment of the present invention.Among the figure with same or similar position shown in Figure 32 with identical symbolic representation.

The equipment of this embodiment and the dissimilarity of the press filtration-dehydration equipment shown in Figure 32 be 201 of porous belts be looped around pressure roller to 202 and 202 ' in a pressure roller 202 on, also only on pressure roller 202, form simultaneously wedge shape crush zone 212, and the feeder channel 203 of supplying with thing to be drained off just is contained in the top of pressure roller 202.Should illustrate, the spring of numbering 213 expressions among the figure, it makes feeder channel press to pressure roller 202, thereby makes the wedge shape extruding obtain effect really at wedge shape crush zone 212 places.

According to this embodiment, owing to porous belts 201 directly is looped around on the pressure roller 202, so just do not need directive wheel, regulating wheel or other likes.Therefore the size of equipment is compared and can be dwindled with above-mentioned the 14th embodiment (referring to Figure 32).And because pressure roller 202 ' be to be used for filter cake being sticked on its surface from the direction extruding wedge shape crush zone 212 And opposite with pressure roller 202, pressure roller 202 ' the comparable figure of diameter in pressure roller 202 desired diameters do forr a short time, simultaneously pressure roller 202 ' also available some make as metal and so on material impervious to water.

Shown in Figure 35 is the cross-sectional view of press filtration-dehydration equipment major part of the 16th embodiment of the present invention.Represent with same-sign with same or similar position shown in Figure 28 among the figure.

This embodiment compares with above-mentioned 13-15 embodiment, its difference is: in this embodiment, what the storage of depositing thing to be drained off do was limited is a kind of flexible member, it be set directly at pressure roller to 202 and 202 ' the periphery surface of a pressure roller 202 on.And in 13-15 embodiment, the flexible member of depositing thing to be drained off is located on the perforated tape 201, perforated tape be stretched in pressure roller 202 and 202 ' on.Especially, all topped on the outer peripheral edge surface of the shell 221 of each pressure roller 202 have a hard porous material 222, this embodiment of this point is similar to the 13rd embodiment shown in Figure 28, but in this embodiment, flexible member 231 has many grids, limit the storage that some deposit thing to be drained off with it, member 231 so that the mode on the surface of its outstanding material 222 be installed on the hard porous material 222.

According to this embodiment, owing to do not need to be provided with above-mentioned perforated tape 201, so compare with above-mentioned 13-15 embodiment, its superiority just is to need not to worry that perforated tape 201 can damage.

Certainly, should also be noted that the shape of each the square hole 201a on the perforated tape 201 among the above-mentioned 13-15 embodiment can appropriate change, same, the shape and the quantity of the grid that is limited by flexible member 231 in the 16th embodiment also can appropriate changes.

Figure 36 is used for illustrating the 17th embodiment of the present invention to Figure 40, and Figure 36 has roughly represented the general layout of this press filtration-dehydration equipment.

In Figure 36, be horizontally disposed with many pressing plates 320 with pipeline 321 of blowing out pressurised air and draining, pressing plate 320 can be driven and be moved horizontally by hydraulic cylinder 324, so that the thing to be drained off that is between the pressing plate is extruded or unclamps.In addition, each all has a scraping blade that can move both vertically to a filter chamber is arranged between the adjacent pressing plates 320 in each filter chamber 327, so that the filter cake on the water sucting surface that sticks to pressing plate 320 is wiped off, this will narrate in the back.

Figure 37 and Figure 38 are respectively the side view of a block pressur plate and the front view of partly cut-away.The surface of figure center platen 320 is made of hard porous material, and compressible member 332 is around the periphery of hard porous material 331.Have thing supply hole 333 to be drained off on the pressing plate 320, so that mud thing to be drained off is provided.When pressing plate 320 was arranged as shown in figure 36 like that, hole 333 communicated with filter chamber 327.In order to limit each,, all can adopt similar approach such as bonding that hard porous material 331 is sticked on positive and negative two surfaces of every block pressur plate 320 except the pressing plate 320 of end to the filter chamber between the adjacent pressing plates 320 327.

In addition, be equipped with groove 334 and hole 335 as compressed air channel or drainage channel at the reverse side of hard porous material 331, they communicate with connecting leg 321, so that blowing out pressurised air and draining.Pressing plate 320 can move by means of the track (not shown) that is contained in its both sides.

As mentioned above, compressible component 332 is arranged between thing supply hole 333 to be drained off and each filter chamber 327, after pressing plate 320 installs, each filter chamber 327 and thing supply hole 333 to be drained off just interconnect, and when the pressing plate pressurized, just cut off by compressible member 332 between filter chamber 327 and the supply hole 333, thereby filter chamber is sealed.So when pressurization, institute's applied pressure can not leak from filter chamber 327, institute's applied pressure just can act on the interior thing to be drained off of filter chamber effectively.

Should be understood that, though in aforesaid example, compressible member 332 is contained in respectively on two surfaces of every block pressur plate 320; but And often need not be contained in member on two faces, as long as they can compress, member can only be contained on the face, so that contact with the plate body of adjacent pressing plates 320, and makes filter chamber 327 sealings.

Figure 40 represents the course of work according to the press filtration-dehydration equipment of present embodiment.Beginning, all pressing plates 320 leave in press filtration-dehydration equipment mutually, shown in Figure 40 (A).

Then, be admitted in each filter chamber 327 through thing supply hole 333 to be drained off as the dirt to be drained off 342 of mud and so on, shown in Figure 40 (B).

Then, shown in Figure 40 (C), pressing plate 320 is compressed by hydraulic cylinder 324.Subsequently, cut off by the above-mentioned member that links 332 between thing supply hole 333 to be drained off and the filter chamber 327, so that institute's applied pressure acts on the thing to be drained off effectively, thing to be drained off is extruded.

Next, hydraulic cylinder 324 is with clamp loose, and the original spacing of compressible member 332 one-tenth separated from each other is shown in Figure 40 (D).If the surface roughness of hard porous material 331 is differed from one another, filter cake then sticks on the pressure surface of same hard porous material 331 all the time.Or rather, filter cake sticks on the bigger hard porous material of surface roughness, rather than sticks on the less hard porous material of surface roughness.If the average pore size on hard porous material 331 pressure surface is separately differed from one another, filter cake is sticked on the pressure surface of same hard porous material 331 all the time.In other words, filter cake sticks on the bigger hard porous material 331 of average pore size, and does not stick on the less hard porous material of average pore size.

And then, shown in Figure 40 (E), scraping blade 340 drops to respectively in the filter chamber 327, so that filter cake is wiped off.The filter cake that is scraped is transported to the outside by a conveyer (not shown) as belt conveyor and so on then toward falling.At this moment, for scraping blade 340 is descended along the surface of corresponding hard porous material 331, the member 332 that is arranged on a side of the corresponding pressing plate 320 that is stained with filter cake is made with the flush of hard porous material 331 or is slightly become concave surface, and the member 332 that is arranged on a side that does not adhere to filter cake is made convex surface.In addition, pressing plate 320 is driven separately by hydraulic cylinder 324 and closes up, and all pressing plates 320 are linked together by a web (not shown), so at one end a block pressur plate 320 will be set separately and when closing up, except the fixation clip 320 that is arranged on the other end, all pressing plates 320 all separate and close up.

In above-mentioned extruding-dehydration, hard porous material 331 not only can be used as filter element but also can be used as water sucting part.When they are used as filter element, the drainage duct when pipeline 321 is used as press filtration-dehydration, moisture content is inhaled into through the delivery pipe (not shown) from hard porous material 331, is discharged away by groove 334, hole 335 and pipeline 321 successively then.On the other hand, when hard porous material 331 is used as water sucting part, shown in Figure 40 (F), after filter cake 343 is scraped by scraping blade 340, compressed air 341 is blown into by pipeline 321, hole 335 and groove 334 from the reverse side of hard porous material 331, so that contained moisture content in the hard porous material 331 is blown out, thereby make capillary regeneration.

In above-mentioned press filtration-dehydration equipment, hard porous material 331 is preferably porous ceramics, and it is made of sheet-like particle, and it can separate filter cake at an easy rate and have significant capillarity.

On the other hand, for compressible member 332, only is to adopt hardness (H _S) big elastomeric material between 20 to 50, this material has a water resisting property and little permanent deformation.In addition, in the aforementioned embodiment, as shown in Figure 39, when contiguous mutually member 332 is connected to each other together in order to improve compressibility, leave an air gap between the member supporting frame 337 and 337, simultaneously, on a pair of member 332, form groove 332a and protuberance 332b respectively, so that work in coordination, reach the purpose of improving sealing property.

Certainly, compressible member bearing support 337 and 337 also can be designed to other shapes, its objective is to have good sealing property when member 332 is connected to each other together.

As previously mentioned, can obtain following quite outstanding effect and superiority according to the present invention:

(1) treat dehydrate by extruder member and strongly push, each extruder member has the pressure surface that is formed by hard porous material, and this hard porous material has high withstand voltage strong Degree, and because capillarity also has good suction and water performance. The water that extruding is come out from thing to be drained off penetrates in the hard porous material owing to capillarity, or remove to displace the water that has existed there, because this water is with the hydraulic pressure that is produced by when extruding, the water characteristic that is in addition caused by capillarity, the water that just can avoid being extruded returns in the thing to be drained off. So, might make the water of from thing to be drained off, extruding reach a limiting value, thereby thing to be drained off is squeezed into the extremely low filter cake of water content. And the operation and the processing method that obtain filter cake are convenient. The present invention especially is adapted to unite as the second dehydration method with existing dehydration equipment, as the equipment of second dehydration procedure.

(2) when using when according to dewatering of the present invention and equipment the mud thing being dewatered, can obtain the extremely low filter cake of water content, that is to say water content can reach 60% or lower (be about 80% according to existing water content with method, and water content is 60%, and the volume of filter cake is reduced about half). Water content be 60% or littler filter cake do not need heavy oil as auxiliary fuel; On the contrary, it can also recover energy by the dewatering dirt to be drained off to mud and so on.

Claims (37)

1, a kind of dewatering, it comprises: thing to be drained off is placed between a pair of extruder member, it is squeezed, this is made of hard porous material having its pressure surface in the extruder member at least, this material is because capillarity has the characteristic of suction and water, when thing to be drained off was squeezed, the water of therefrom extruding just infiltrated in the above-mentioned hard porous material, thereby made its dehydration and become filter cake.

2, a kind of dewatering, it comprises: thing to be drained off is placed between a pair of extruder member, it is squeezed, this is made of hard porous material having its pressure surface in the extruder member at least, this material is because capillarity has the characteristic of suction and water, when thing to be drained off was squeezed, the water of therefrom extruding just infiltrated in the above-mentioned hard porous material, thereby made its dehydration and become filter cake; Wipe above-mentioned filter cake off from the pressure surface of above-mentioned hard porous material; The moisture content that will be present in the above-mentioned hard porous material emits, to recover the capillarity of above-mentioned hard porous material.

3, a kind of dewatering, it comprises: will place as the thing to be drained off of mud and so between a pair of extruder member, it is squeezed, this has at least its pressure surface to be made of hard porous material to extruder member, this material is because capillarity has the characteristic of suction and water, above-mentioned thing to be drained off was in and gave in the space that limits earlier this moment, the water that has pressure that is extruded infiltrates and displaces the water that hard porous material Central Plains retains in the described hard porous material, thereby makes above-mentioned thing dehydration to be drained off.

4, a kind of dewatering, it comprises: push thing to be drained off with a pair of opposed pressure roller that is abutting one another, this is to having at least one to be the open column shape dehydration roll in the pressure roller, the pressure surface of this pressure roller has the hard porous material of suction and water characteristic and forms by utilizing capillarity, when thing to be drained off is squeezed, the water of therefrom extruding just infiltrates in the above-mentioned hard porous material, thereby makes its dehydration and become filter cake; Wipe the filter cake that sticks on the described pressure roller off; Compressed air is sent in the above-mentioned open column shape dehydration roll then,, thereby recovered its capillarity so that from hard porous material, discharge moisture content.

5, a kind of thing to be drained off is placed the dehydration equipment of extrusion dehydration between a pair of opposed extruder member that is abutting one another, it is characterized in that having at least in the above-mentioned extruder member its pressure surface of extruder member is that the hard porous material that has suction and water characteristic by utilizing capillarity constitutes.

6, a kind of dehydration equipment that thing to be drained off is placed extrusion dehydration between a pair of opposed extruder member that is abutting one another, it is characterized in that having at least in the above-mentioned extruder member its pressure surface of extruder member is that the hard porous material that has suction and water characteristic by utilizing capillarity constitutes, and also has the moisture content that will retain in hard porous material device that discharge, that make capillary regeneration.

7, according to arbitrary described dehydration equipment of claim in claim 5 and 6, the average pore size that it is characterized in that above-mentioned hard porous material is between 0.5 to 350 μ m.

8, according to the described dehydration equipment of claim 7, the porosity that it is characterized in that above-mentioned hard porous material is between 20% to 70%.

9, according to the described dehydration equipment of claim 8, the compression strength that it is characterized in that above-mentioned hard porous material is 100Kg/cm ²Or it is higher.

10,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned hard porous material is that sheet-like particle 2 to 50 constitutes by length-width ratio according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 5 to 9.

11, according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 5 to 10, it is characterized in that described hard porous material is a kind of multilayer material, its average pore size is to change continuously or changed in stages, has less average pore size by the surperficial determined described pressure surface of described material.

12,, it is characterized in that described hard porous material is a kind of porous ceramics according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 5 to 10.

13,, it is characterized in that two pressure surfaces of described a pair of extruder member are made of the mutually different hard porous material of average pore size respectively according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 5 to 12.

14,, it is characterized in that two pressure surfaces of described a pair of extruder member are made of the mutually different hard porous material of roughness respectively according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 5 to 12.

15, according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 5 to 12, it is characterized in that its pressure surface of extruder member in the described a pair of extruder member is made of hard porous material, the pressure surface of another extruder member then is made of flexible material.

16, according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 5 to 15, it is characterized in that described a pair of extruder member is a pair of pressure roller, wherein at least one is the open column shape dehydration roll, above-mentioned a pair of removable pressure roller configured in parallel and abutting one another.

17, according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 6 to 15, it is characterized in that described a pair of extruder member is a pair of pressure roller, wherein at least one is the open column shape dehydration roll with the pressure surface that is made of hard porous material, above-mentioned a pair of rotatable pressure roller configured in parallel and abutting one another And the device that makes capillary regeneration is housed in above-mentioned dehydration roll, this device is made of the compressed air air supply chamber that communicates with above-mentioned hard porous material.

18, according to the described dehydration equipment of claim 17, it is characterized in that the axle of above-mentioned compressed air air supply chamber around above-mentioned dehydration roll, radially be separated into 4 five equilibriums or more five equilibriums.

19, according to arbitrary described dehydration equipment of claim in claim 17 and 18, it is characterized in that the compressed air air supply chamber has imports compressed-air actuated air taking port, described air taking port in the renewing zone of dehydration roll with send into compressed-air actuated air-pressure duct after filter cake is wiped off and communicate.

20,, it is characterized in that in described renewing zone, being equipped with the scraping blade that strikes off filter cake according to the described dehydration equipment of claim 19.

21, according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 6 to 15, it is characterized in that described a pair of extruder member is the column dehydration roll, their be arranged in parallel rotationally And and abutting one another, the above-mentioned device of capillary regeneration that makes has a cover that closely contacts with the pressure surface of hard porous material, this cover is installed in each dehydration roll and strikes off the discharge side of filter cake section and back ， And thereof and also have a suction apparatus that communicates with above-mentioned cover inside.

22, according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 6 to 15, it is characterized in that described a pair of extruder member is the open column shape dehydration roll, their be arranged in parallel rotationally And and abutting one another, the above-mentioned device of capillary regeneration that makes comprises a kind of hard porous material, this material-paving have on the surface many small through hole hollow cylinder neighboring Shang ， And and a suction apparatus that communicates with the inside of above-mentioned hollow cylinder is arranged.

23, according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 6 to 15, it is characterized in that described a pair of extruder member is the open column shape dehydration roll, their be arranged in parallel rotationally And and abutting one another, the described device of capillary regeneration that makes comprises the hard porous material that is laid on the hollow cylinder neighboring; And is equipped with a heater in the inside of described hollow cylinder, so that described hard porous material is heated after it is by the extruding position.

24, according to the described dehydration equipment of claim 23, it is characterized in that the above-mentioned medium that hard porous material is heated is circulating hot water or a kind of circulating thermal medium by described hollow cylinder, the liquid level of above-mentioned hot water or thermal medium is lower than the horizontal line through the center of described hollow cylinder.

25,, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned a pair of extruder member at least that pressure surface at its hard porous material has on that extruder member of bigger average pore size to be equipped with sticking to the device that the filter cake on the compressive plane is wiped off according to the described dehydration equipment of claim 13.

26,, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned a pair of extruder member at least on that bigger extruder member of the surface roughness of the pressure surface of its hard porous material, being equipped with sticking to the device that the filter cake on the pressure surface is wiped off according to the described dehydration equipment of claim 13.

27, a kind of mud thing is carried by filter cloth belt, in course of conveying, make the dehydration equipment of mud thing dehydration, the pressure roller that it is characterized in that the described filter cloth belt of a pair of process opposite each otherly is rotating, wherein at least one pressure roller is hollow dehydration roll, the pressure surface of this dehydration roll is made of hard porous material, and this hard porous material has the characteristic of suction and water owing to capillarity.

28, a kind of press filtration-dehydration equipment, it comprises: a crimping section, thing to be drained off is pushed by a pair of extruder member in this part, and the pressure surface that wherein has an extruder member at least is that the hard porous material that has suction and water characteristic by utilizing capillarity constitutes; One limits many flexible members that are used to deposit the storage of thing to be drained off, and this member passes above-mentioned crimping section; And one with pack into the supply part of storage of thing to be drained off.

29, according to the described press filtration-dehydration equipment of claim 28, the flexible member that it is characterized in that above-mentioned qualification storage is a porous belts.

30,, it is characterized in that described porous belts is installed on the outer surface of a pressure roller at least according to the described press filtration-dehydration equipment of claim 29.

31,, it is characterized in that the storage of depositing described thing to be drained off is limited by the flexible member that is contained on the described pressure roller according to the described press filtration-dehydration equipment of claim 28.

32, according to the described dehydration equipment of arbitrary claim in the claim 17 to 31, it is characterized in that having the extruder member of an extruding thing to be drained off, these parts have pressure surface on the certain limit of the outer peripheral edge surface of each pressure roller, the gap between the outer peripheral edge surface of above-mentioned pressure surface and described pressure roller reduces gradually along above-mentioned pressure roller rotation direction.

33, a kind of dehydration roll, the pressure surface that it is characterized in that it are to be made of hard porous material, and this material is because capillarity has suction and water characteristic ， And has certain thickness.

34, a kind of dehydration roll is characterized in that having suction and water characteristic, And has certain thickness hard porous material and is laid on the outer peripheral edge surface of cylindrical parts owing to capillarity, and many through holes are arranged in this outer peripheral edge surface.

35, according to arbitrary described dehydration roll of claim in claim 33 and 34, the average pore size that it is characterized in that above-mentioned hard porous material is between 0.5 to 350 μ m, and its porosity is from 20% to 70%.

36, a kind of dehydration equipment that is extruded dehydration between a pair of extruder member opposite each other that thing to be drained off is placed, it is characterized in that described extruder member is tabular extruder member, wherein having at least a surface vis-a-vis to have one deck has the hard porous material And of suction and water characteristic and on an above-mentioned tabular extruder member compressible component is housed at least owing to capillarity, when described tabular extruder member adjacent to each other when giving fixed gap, described member is worked in coordination, so that giving on the encirclement compressive surface decided scope, thereby itself and the external world are separated.

37, according to the described dehydration equipment of claim 36, it is characterized in that the tabular extruder member with hard porous layer forms a passage that is communicated with above-mentioned hard porous material, this passage is limited by hole and groove.

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