CN86108448A - The synchronous machine of permanent magnet excitation - Google Patents

The synchronous machine of permanent magnet excitation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN86108448A
CN86108448A CN198686108448A CN86108448A CN86108448A CN 86108448 A CN86108448 A CN 86108448A CN 198686108448 A CN198686108448 A CN 198686108448A CN 86108448 A CN86108448 A CN 86108448A CN 86108448 A CN86108448 A CN 86108448A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
winding
switch
synchronous machine
group
branch road
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Pending
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CN198686108448A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赫尔穆特·黑雷尔
克劳斯·哈姆斯
西格弗里德·舒斯特克
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of CN86108448A publication Critical patent/CN86108448A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of synchronous machine of permanent magnet excitation, its armature winding (14) is by two winding branch roads (15 that form a symmetrical polyphase windings at least, 16) constitute, each winding branch road (15 wherein, 16) be divided into two and be magnetically coupling to one another, and each part winding (151,152 of all on whole armature circumference, arranging, 161,162).By the winding terminal part (U, X ', U ', X, V, Y ', V ' Y) is connected with the corresponding of High-power Semiconductor Triode of two-way rectifier or access, just can make motor become possibility as motor operation and/or generator operation.

Description

The synchronous machine of permanent magnet excitation
The present invention relates to a kind of synchronous machine of permanent magnet excitation, especially for this kind motor of automobile, it has an armature winding that is embedded in the armature, and this armature winding is made up of a plurality of winding branch roads that constitute a symmetrical polyphase windings.
Synchronous machine lighting generator as three-phase alternating current in automobile is applied since long period.The automobile of desired compactness has spacious driver's cabin position and small-sized size, and this just forces the volume structure of the required auxiliary unit of automobilism more and more littler.These units should be accomplished wear-resistant and accomplish largely and need not maintenance in addition.
The synchronous machine of permanent magnet excitation because itself volume is little and rotating parts few to be used as generating in automobile be the trend of being doomed.The permanent magnet material that can provide also can make the design of synchronous machine satisfy the energy demand that automobile requires now.
Synchronous machine of the present invention, relative prior art, have following advantage: it need not structural variation, only the corresponding connection by the winding overhang of drawing from armature winding just not only can be used as the generator or the lighting generator of automobile, and can be used as the drive motors of flying wheel starting device.This synchronous machine compact conformation, wear-resistant, can have many-sided application.Because above-mentioned back this synchronous machine of one reason can cause cost to reduce to produce greatly in bulk.
The armature polyphase windings of motor is distributed into every phase winding and has two part windings according to the present invention, so just make the design of synchronous machine can satisfy the requirement of the lighting generator that 12 volts of voltage automobile equipments use, and can accomplish that voltage approximately reduces by half and accessible idler revolutions is approximately doubled for as drive motors the time.This is because the flying wheel starting device needs about 1000 to 1200 rev/mins quite high rotating speed that starts that internal combustion engine is started reliably as advantage, on the other hand this lighting generator exportable charging voltage (being approximately 14V) that surpasses automobile storage battery voltage (12V) when rotating speed is 500 rev/mins when idling of IC engine.In addition owing to there is the part winding when synchronous machine moves, may produce magnetic afterflow path, thereby make that required large power, electrically subassembly need not or use cost protective circuit seldom when motor moves.
Those methods that utilization proposes in all the other claims and measure just make the synchronous machine described in claim 1 further reasonably constitute and improve.
In claim 2, provided a kind of suitable embodiment of the present invention.Utilize this structure of armature winding, promptly Dui Cheng polyphase windings is distributed into every phase winding and has two part windings magnetic coupling closely when just can realize belonging between same phase part winding in simple mode.This armature winding both can be made into individual layer or two layer winding winding also that can do to circularize or waveform.Can also utilize the soft iron pole shoe of rotating excitation magnet to realize magnetic coupling according to claim 9.
In claim 3, also provided the suitable embodiment of another kind of the present invention.Utilize the connection of winding overhang to make this synchronous machine can be when generator operation as the automotive lighting generator application.
In claim 4, also provided a kind of suitable embodiment of the present invention.Utilize such connection of winding overhang that this synchronous machine can be operated on the direct voltage networking of automobile as drive motors when motor moves.With winding each mutually accordingly circuit utilize a kind of suitable modulator approach, for example pulse-width modulation method is carried out such adjusting: make in an electric cycle, can flow through the electric current that the duration is 360 a °/2m electrical degree in the part winding each, wherein be taken as 2, be taken as 3 for three phase winding m for two-phase winding m.
In claim 5, provided the suitable embodiment of another kind of the present invention.Utilize such synchronous machine structure that it is used as lighting generator and as the drive motors of flying wheel starting device in automobile simultaneously.So just can save the drive motors of a flying wheel starting device special use of setting up, thereby not only save structure space but also saved expense.In generator operation, then can migrate into voltage regulator circuit at motor required electronic circuit in service, and these regulating circuits have been formed the governor motion according to the voltage regulator of " intersect and regulate " principle work.So just greatly reduced the requirement of the large power, electrically electronic circuit that is used for generator and motor operation.And be used in also is low-down as the expense on the change over switch of contactor formation for example.
In claim 6, also provided a kind of suitable embodiment of the present invention.This embodiment can obtain with according to same advantage in the synchronous machine embodiment in the claim 5.This embodiment with compare such difference according to the embodiment in the claim 5: its needs higher expense (having used 6 change over switches to replace 3 change over switches in claim 5 embodiment) here aspect change over switch, but produce for a short time in its loss in service as the lighting generator of voltage-regulation for this reason, this is because be not that each branch road in all winding branch road all produces short circuit when use to intersect regulating on described adjustable electron circuit structure, and at every turn just the some part windings in the winding branch road produce short circuit.
The present invention will further illustrate in the following description according to the accompanying drawing of explanation embodiment, and its accompanying drawing is:
Fig. 1: schematic diagram with synchronous machine of the pole wheel of permanent magnet excitation and two symmetrical armature winding;
Fig. 2: the expanded view of the embodiment of armature winding among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4: the synchronous machine among Fig. 1 can select to do two kinds of circuit diagrams of generator operation and motor operation according to first and second embodiment.
In Fig. 1, described the pole wheel 10 of one 4 utmost point of permanent magnet pole 42, rotated under the situation of its formation air gap 11 in the armature 12 of a formation stator with band soft iron boots 41.Set an armature winding 14 in the groove 13 on the armature that lamination constitutes, it is evenly distributed in the total garden of armature on week.This armature winding, as in Fig. 1, doing as described in the symbol, be to arrange the symmetrical two-phase winding that the winding branch road 15,16 that forms is constituted by the 90 ° of electrical degrees that on the week of armature garden, misplace each other.In winding branch road 15 and 16, branch road top is represented with U and V under normal conditions, and branch terminal is represented with X and Y.Each winding branch road 15 and 16 is divided into two part windings 151,152 and 161,162 of close magnetic coupling each other, and their top and terminal are used U, X ' and U ', X respectively, and V, Y ' and V ', Y represent.
What describe in Fig. 2 is expanded view as the two-phase single layer winding of armature winding 14 embodiment, and this two-phase single layer winding is embedded in 32 grooves on the week of armature garden (representing with 1 to 32 in Fig. 2).The denseer lines of winding branch road 15 usefulness that wherein have winding top U and terminal X are represented.This individual layer two-phase winding is made into has every utmost point and every ring-shaped winding of four grooves mutually, and wherein each winding branch road 15 or 16 is two-wire coilings.This two-conductor of putting in a groove for the sake of clarity has semiconductor not show in Fig. 2, yet but makes sign in the top and the terminal of winding with 2 words.Use such two-wire winding just to produce the part winding 151,152 and 161,162 of two close magnetic coupling in each winding branch road 15,16, their free end is with U, U ' in Fig. 2; V, V '; X, X '; Y, Y ' represent.
The circuit diagram of synchronous machine has been described in Fig. 3.In each winding branch road 15 and 16, one of them part winding 151 and 161 coil termination X ' and Y ' and another part winding 152 are connected with V ' each other with 162 winding top U '.These keeping coil termination U and X and V and Y and a two-way rectifier 17 freely that constitute the branch road top of each winding branch road 15 and 16 and branch terminal are connected with 18 input, and this two-way rectifier is by four heavy-duty diodes 171 to 174 and 181 to 184 rectifier bridges of forming.On each binding post 19,20, produced the rectification output potential of two two- way rectifiers 17,18, wherein with lead that terminals 19 are connected on be provided with first switch 21 of the change over switch 24 that constitutes circuit breaker.This change over switch 24 also has all the other two switches 22,23, and they and switch 21 are operated simultaneously, but gets the opposite position of the switch with switch 21 all the time.Operation is with symbolistic an expression of action bars that is connected with switch 21 to 23 in the time of these switches 21 to 23.
Switch 22 and 23 is opened if switch 21 cuts out, and so just makes described so far synchronous machine as generator operation.When pole wheel 10 drives, just on terminals 19, produce the positive potential of generator direct voltage, on terminals 20, then produced the negative potential of this direct voltage.
Part winding 151 and each winding top U of 161 and V and another part winding 152 are connected with terminals 20 through a controllable electronic switch with Y with each coil termination X of 162 in addition.Here controllable electronic switch is formed as High-power Semiconductor Triode 25 to 28.These High-power Semiconductor Triode 25 to 28 are what to be used for regulating as the charging voltage of the storage battery that is connected with terminals 19,20 when the generator operation of synchronous machine.This storage battery is the automobile storage battery that uses in the automobile.When reaching predetermined charging voltage, transistor 25 to 28 is regulated and winding branch road 15,16 is carried out short circuit.This control method is referred to as " intersect and regulate ".
If second group of switch 22,23 cuts out, and switch 21 is opened, this synchronous machine just can move as motor to terminals at impressed DC voltage in 19,20 o'clock like this.These high power transistors 25 to 28 will 90 ° of electrical degrees interlaced with each other be regulated by following mode in one-period: make the electric current that flows through the required torque of enough generations in the part winding under each.High-power Semiconductor Triode 25 in one-period, then are High-power Semiconductor Triode 27, are large power triode 26 then and then are High-power Semiconductor Triode 28 Be Controlled in succession successively successively again.Step-out for fear of motor, particularly when starting, must consider the instantaneous position of pole wheel 10 when single High-power Semiconductor Triode is controlled, this can utilize a simple position transmitter or obtainable armature voltage measurement obtains in armature winding 14.The torque value that can reach also is subjected to the pole wheel position and passes through the influence of the correct phase angle between the part winding of electric current.At this moment heavy-duty diode 173,174 and 183,184 is used as the protection diode of High-power Semiconductor Triode 25 to 28.Heavy-duty diode 171,172 and 181,182 is inoperative.When automobile storage battery is connected with the terminals 19,20 of synchronous machine, only need operate to make this synchronous machine to change over switch 24 as lighting generator or as the drive motors operation of flying wheel starting device.This synchronous machine is as lighting generator work on the position of the described change over switch 24 of Fig. 3.For drive motor, must change over switch 24 be transformed into another position with driver and get on.This synchronous machine is from this moment just as motor work, and can be issued to certain rotating speed in the situation that High-power Semiconductor Triode 25 to 28 is suitably controlled, this rotating speed is for driving the flying wheel starting device, so that motor starting is enough.The remodeling circuit diagram of synchronous machine has been described in Fig. 4, the difference of the circuit diagram on this circuit diagram and Fig. 3 only is winding overhang U, X ', U ', X, V, Y ', the V ' of part winding 151,152,161,162, the different change over switches that at this moment used another kind of configuration that reach of the connection of Y, its label is 30.In addition with Fig. 3 in corresponding to parts also use identical label.
With the same among Fig. 3, part winding 151 and 161 coil termination X ' and Y ' are interconnected with one another with the winding top U ' and the V ' of another part winding 152 and 162 in each winding branch road 15 and 16, just are provided with first group of switch 31 and 32 of change over switch 30 therein.The coil termination of above-mentioned part winding 151,152,161,162 and top also are connected with terminals 20 through in the High-power Semiconductor Triode 25 to 28 each.One in these High-power Semiconductor Triode 25 to 28 each and the corresponding protection diode 37 to 40 is in parallel.Constitute winding branch road 15 and 16 each branch road top U and the part winding 151,152 of V and branch terminal X and Y and 161,162 coil terminations, as being that input with two two- way rectifiers 17,18 is connected in Fig. 3, but additionally also be connected with terminals 19 by in second group of switch 33,34,35,36 each.First group of switch 31 and 32 and second groups of switches 33 are also operated simultaneously to 36, and first group of switch 31,32 is on the position of the switch opposite with second group of switch 33 to 36 therein.
On the position of the described change over switch 30 of Fig. 4, this synchronous machine is as generator operation.This High-power Semiconductor Triode 25 to 28 is at this moment as the regulating element of charging voltage regulator.When if change over switch 30 is transformed on another position, first group of switch 31,32 opened therein, and second group of switch 33 to 36 closure, like this, on terminals 19, apply positive potential, on terminals 20, apply negative potential and just make this synchronous machine as motor work.At this moment rectifier 173,174,183,184 is all inoperative.
The advantage of circuit is to obtain a low-loss generator among Fig. 4, and this is because be that a part winding in two winding branch roads is by short circuit when charging voltage is regulated.Certainly the cost that is used for change over switch 30 is higher, because at this moment must consider to use 6 single switch altogether in change over switch.
The present invention is not limited to the synchronous motor of the permanent magnet excitation that can select in the do conversion in service of generator and motor. This synchronous motor also can be separately as generator or motor applications, and the advantage here is to have kept the electric parts that reach of machinery to have identical Structural Tectonics in these two kinds of application scenarios, and just modification has been done in the connection of part winding. At this moment change-over switch must get rid of and must utilize fixing wiring to replace the switch of each single group. When making motor, Can remove for the rectifier that transistor does not shield, when making generator, can not cancel owing to not regulating the event High-power Semiconductor Triode.
The armature winding of synchronous motor is made three phase windings and is also had an advantage, and wherein three winding branch roads, the 120 ° of electrical angles ground that stagger each other on the week of stator garden are arranged. Device complexity has all increased such as single switch of High-power Semiconductor Triode, rectifier, converter etc., at this moment is the device complexity that all is divided into three winding branch roads of two part windings corresponding to each. 6 High-power Semiconductor Triode must be arranged when motor moves altogether, and they control with staggering each other 60 ° of electrical angles.

Claims (9)

1, the synchronous machine of permanent magnet excitation, this kind motor especially for automobile, it has an armature winding that is embedded in the armature, this armature winding is made up of a plurality of winding branch roads that constitute a symmetrical polyphase windings, being characterized as of this kind motor: each winding branch road (15,16) has two and is magnetically coupling to one another, each all is to go up the part winding of arranging (151 along whole armature garden week, 152,161,162).
2, according to the synchronous machine of claim 1, it is characterized by: in order to obtain part winding (151,152,161,162), each winding branch road (15,16) is made of two-wire.
3, synchronous machine according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized by: in each winding branch road (15 and 16), the winding top of the coil termination of one of them part winding (151 and 161) (X ' and Y ') and another part winding (152 and 162) (U ' and V ') interconnect, constitute the winding free terminal (U of portion of branch road top (U and V) and branch terminal (X and Y), X and V, Y) input with a two-way rectifier (17 and 18) is connected, and these two two-way rectifiers (17,18) output potential of Xiang Denging is connected to each other and guides on two terminals (19,20).
4, according to the synchronous machine of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized by: in each winding branch road (15 and 16), part winding (152 and 162 always wherein; A winding top 151 and 161) (U ' and V '; U and V) and another part winding (151 and 161; A coil termination 152 and 162) (X ' and Y '; X and Y) directly interconnect, and part winding (152 and 162 always; 151 and 161) coil termination (X and Y; X ' and Y ') and another part winding (151 and 161; 152 and 162) winding top (U and V; U ' and V ') always through one in two in check electronic switches (25,26 and 27,28) with two terminals (19,20) in one interconnect.
5, according to the synchronous machine of claim 3 and 4, it is characterized by: the binding post that current potential the equates binding post (19,20) that partners; Be provided with a switch (21) at the output potential of two-way rectifier (17,18) and the centre of the binding post (19) in pair of terminals (19,20); In the middle of each root of this binding post (19) and connection lead that winding terminal part (X ', U ', Y ', V ') is interconnected with one another, be provided with second group of switch (22,23); And these switches (21 to 23) for operation with agreeing, and common combination is on a change over switch (24) in this wise: promptly second group of switch (22,23) is always simultaneously to getting the opposite position of the switch (Fig. 3) with first switch (21).
6, according to the synchronous machine of claim 3 and 4, it is characterized by: the binding post that current potential the equates binding post (19,20) that partners; In each winding branch road (15 and 16), at two part windings (151,152 and 161, the centre at coil termination 162) (X ' or Y ') and winding top (U ' or V ') is provided with first switch (31 or 32), and these coil terminations (X ', Y ') and these winding tops (U ', V ') constituted the wiring point of electronic switch; At another group winding top of part winding (151,152,161,162) (U, V) and coil termination (X, each root in connection lead Y) and terminal are to being provided with second group of switch (33 to 36) in the middle of the binding post (19) in (19,20); And this first group of switch (31,32) and second group of switch (33 to 36) consistent for obtaining operation, common combination is on a change over switch in this wise: with first group of switch is a side, and second group of switch always is in simultaneously the opposite position of the switch (Fig. 4) each other for the opposing party.
7, according to the synchronous machine of claim 6, it is characterized by: always each is associated with a protection diode (37 to 40) these electronic switches (25 to 28).
8, according to the synchronous machine of a claim in the claim 5 to 7, it is characterized by: High-power Semiconductor Triode (25 to 28) is used to constitute in check electronic switch, and at first group of switch (21,31,32) closed and second group of switch (22,23; 33 to 36) when opening, these electronic switches have just constituted the adjusting device of a voltage regulator, when first group of switch (21,31,32) opened and second group of switch (22,23; When 33 to 36) closed, will stagger in a switch periods 360 °/2m electrical degree and each of these electronic switches was controlled in the time of 360 °/2m, here the number of m=2,3 expression winding branch roads (15,16).
9, according to the synchronous machine of a claim in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized by: the magnetic pole of permanent magnet (42) is provided with the pole shoe (41) that soft iron is done.
CN198686108448A 1985-12-12 1986-12-11 The synchronous machine of permanent magnet excitation Pending CN86108448A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853543809 DE3543809A1 (en) 1985-12-12 1985-12-12 PERMANENT MAGNETIC SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE
DEP3543809.6 1985-12-12

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CN86108448A true CN86108448A (en) 1987-07-01

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CN198686108448A Pending CN86108448A (en) 1985-12-12 1986-12-11 The synchronous machine of permanent magnet excitation

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JP (1) JPS63502793A (en)
KR (1) KR880700895A (en)
CN (1) CN86108448A (en)
DE (1) DE3543809A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1987003648A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100446386C (en) * 2005-11-25 2008-12-24 沈阳工业大学 Contactless automobile generating device
CN108827341A (en) * 2017-03-24 2018-11-16 快图有限公司 The method of the deviation in Inertial Measurement Unit for determining image collecting device

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IT1232538B (en) * 1989-06-30 1992-02-19 Magneti Marelli Spa ELECTRIC GENERATOR-ENGINE SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR FOR USE AS A GENERATOR AND STARTING ENGINE ON BOARD A VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE19846220C2 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-11-29 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Cooling device for an electrical machine of a vehicle
DE10228226B4 (en) * 2002-06-25 2005-02-10 Motorenfabrik Hatz Gmbh & Co Kg Device for voltage regulation on electric generators by means of winding tapping and control relay
US8232696B2 (en) 2008-11-07 2012-07-31 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Coil structure, coil connection control apparatus, and magnetic electricity generator
CN102900594B (en) * 2012-10-08 2015-01-21 常熟理工学院 Linear type magnetic pole static type wave energy power generation device used for buoy

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100446386C (en) * 2005-11-25 2008-12-24 沈阳工业大学 Contactless automobile generating device
CN108827341A (en) * 2017-03-24 2018-11-16 快图有限公司 The method of the deviation in Inertial Measurement Unit for determining image collecting device

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KR880700895A (en) 1988-04-13
DE3543809A1 (en) 1987-06-19
WO1987003648A1 (en) 1987-06-18
JPS63502793A (en) 1988-10-13

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