CN85106880A - Liquid mulch - Google Patents
Liquid mulch Download PDFInfo
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- CN85106880A CN85106880A CN85106880.4A CN85106880A CN85106880A CN 85106880 A CN85106880 A CN 85106880A CN 85106880 A CN85106880 A CN 85106880A CN 85106880 A CN85106880 A CN 85106880A
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Abstract
By aqueous mixture of use in agricultural region, thereby improve the output of crop, and overcome the shortcoming that produces because use the plastics film coverture.This aqueous mixture is under user mode, can form the prolonged housing of one deck, each hundred parts of polymeric tackiness agent (weight) contains the stopping composition of the fine particulate of have an appointment 100 to 1600 parts (weight) in this mixture, is 0.1 to 5 ounce the tectum of doing thereby every square feet of weight of one deck is provided.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is intended to improve crop yield.According to the present invention, the output of crop can be improved by reaching four kinds method.The present invention tries hard to by providing at least a to improve the output of crop in the following method, and these methods are: improve the plantation sum, boost productivity, shorten the maturation time of crop and by reducing infringement to plant to improve its survival rate.The method of any raising crop production all is valuable for agricultural, horticulture and regeneration industry.A kind of method that can shorten the crop maturation time because it provides some precocious, often can keep the crop of high price, thereby the peasant's that produces recently interests are had significant meaning.It can also make the crop of being gathered in stagger harvesting time in a long period of time.Interlocking of this crop harvesting, can make the food crop that are grown on the plant that a stable output is arranged.In the place that farm crop in a year are gathered in the crops successively, just can plant some additional crops by the time that shortens results, thereby further improve the ultimate production in arable land.In horticulture, shorten the plant that harvest time has caused preparing listing, only be grown in the tray with the short time.This decoration that will improve the greenhouse is used plant, the productivity that basin carries plant and transplants vegetables.
Aspect vegetables production, the obducent use of plastics film has the trend of increase always.This coverture helps to reduce weeds, reduces mineral substance and is oozed drop fall from soil, keeps the moisture content of soil, improves the temperature in soil, and in some cases, helps to remain on to be used before the plantation volatile fumigant.Some plastic wrap are propagated as photodegradable plastics, and this plastics normally join photodegradable component in the plastics and go.So synthetic this plastics are difficult.These plastics can make coverture keep its integrity really season in whole growth, then owing to accelerating the ripening of plant being made its rapid damage.Estimate that this coverture also is exceedingly difficult with the weather condition that are exposed on wherein in any specified time.Before preparing by next batch of row crop, most plastic wrap has to be changed in advance.This be one take a lot of work not only but also take can the work of anxiety.The expense of changing is quite high, and the expense of about every English is the 125-150 dollar.If do not change this plastics film, when further utilizing the soil, will bring a lot of problems so.
In the shop when using plastic wrap, if with thinking momentarily to change employed obducent weight and width is impossible, and must be embedded in the coverture edge in the soil, so that make coverture be fixed on a suitable place.The plastic covered system requirements uses special equipment, and it is more inflexible, and about 75% plastics are used effectively, and it must be put by the shop tightly, flaps in wind preventing.
Because the mixture among the present invention can be used to agricultural region at an easy rate, so present this liquid covering system tries hard to overcome those above-mentioned shortcomings.Mixture of the present invention can be used by spray method, and therefore, they only are applied to needed place, and this obducent weight is easy to rapid adjusting, and use when can and transplant in sowing.These mixtures of the present invention form a shell that is easy to ruined fragility by mechanical effect.Like this, when preparing next stubble plantation, need only plough or harrow plough just passable.Generally, this have enough integrities by brittle shell provided by the invention, thereby help to reduce evaporation, and it also has enough porositys, so that water and after the fertilizer executed, particularly enter soil from the nitrogen that applies, this especially results from the later stage at development of plants.The present invention can contain than the medicament weedicide, sterilant, sterilant and the nematocides more widely that join in the plastic wrap, because these medicaments must be able to hold out against about 250 ℃ extrusion molding temperature.
As a kind of additional benefit, the present invention helps to reduce the erosion of soil and reduce because the leaching of the fertilizer due to wind and the water is run off, and this also helps the minimizing of the loss of seedling in heavy rain and blast.
Publish November 20 nineteen sixty, and the United States Patent (USP) 2,961,799 of authorizing esso oil and chemical company (Alco Oil and chemical corporation) discloses one to be used to handle soil in case the erosive method.This method comprises that containing weight percent in following ratio to soil application is 0.5 to 5, preferably be about 2 to 4 water-fast rubber and weight percent and be about 0.005 to 0.5, preferably be about the mixture of 0.05 to 0.15 impermeabilisation agent, its usage quantity is every square yard of rubber that contains 0.25 to 5 ounce.This impermeabilisation agent is to be used for preventing that the top layer that mixture is penetrated into soil in large quantities from going.Contain the solids content that is higher than the Arco patent widely in the mixture of the present invention.This mixture does not infiltrate soil, but promptly dry and form a shell on the surface of soil.
Publish October 22 nineteen sixty-five, authorize the English Patent 1,007,671 of international synthetic rubber company limited, disclose the processing method of a control soil erosion, this method comprises latex from oily rubber to soil application that mixed.This rubber latex is to mix all to refer to weight more than 50 to 1000 parts with per 100 parts of rubber) oil.This latex provides the ratio of having mixed oily rubber of 40 to 300 grams with every square metre and uses.This latex is applied with (weight) white solids content of about 5% to 30%.Mixture of the present invention can have higher solids content, and promptly total solids content scope is between 30～85%.The present invention is directly used in the raising of crop yield, and English Patent 1,007,671 mainly is the erosion of considering to prevent soil.
On January 4th, 1967 published, and the English Patent 1,053,870 of authorizing International Synthetic Rubber Company also relates to the method that some prevent the soil erosion.The surface of soil has been with having mixed oil, or the rubber of having mixed pitch or having mixed the two is simultaneously handled.Pitch helps to reduce processing costs.The price of oil plant was improved dramatically in the seventies in 20th century, and this makes that having mixed oily rubber in use has reduced feasibility economically aspect the erosion that reduces soil.Nineteen seventies the bituminous price also improved, mixed bituminous latex and also reduced feasibility economically thereby make to preventing that the soil erosion from using.
The patent of International Synthetic Rubber Company is not all considered the granular stopping composition a lot of as adding of the presently claimed invention.Owing to notice the above-mentioned quantity that is used for stopping composition of the present invention, thereby help to be formed for the agricultural protecting sheathing of distinguishing on the region.
The applicant has been found that the high-load latex mixture that is filled can be applied to agricultural region, thereby improves the output of farm crop.This latex mixture does not need to form an impervious film of successive.In fact, use the latex mixture that forms permeable shell desired just.
The present invention aims to provide a kind of method that improves crop yield; it is included in the weight percent of using a kind of its solids content in the agricultural region and is not less than 30 aqueous mixture; this method can form a protecting sheathing under situation about using; this protective shell comprises per 100 parts polymer binder and about 100 parts to 1600 parts fine particle weighting material (the above weight that all refers to), is the exsiccant protective shell of 0.1 to 5.0 ounce/every square of English Foot so that a weight to be provided.
There are some to relate to the theory that influences plant-growth factor.The sprouting of plant trends towards requiring to surpass 55 temperature.In 55 to 95 temperature range, photosynthesis to be carrying out than fast speeds, and temperature rises highly more, and photosynthetic speed is also fast more.The evaporation of plant is subjected to the normal atmosphere Temperature Influence around blade and the soil.The present invention can be used to improve the temperature of soil and the temperature above the soil.The raising of these temperature will improve the photosynthetic speed that promotes plant-growth.The raising of temperature also will improve endophytic velocity of evaporation.It is believed that some such raisings will increase the absorption of plant to moisture, but also may increase plant absorption to nutritive substance from soil, be actually and force to immerse in the plant.
As this term of the technical term-agricultural region that is used for the present patent application, to plan to give its very broad definition, it is included in the greenhouse, the tray of growing flowers and vegetables; The growing field of the cereal crop that comprise corn, oat and wheat; Farm with growing vegetables and fruit; Be used to cultivate the outdoor nursery of trees, shrub and nursery stock; Grassland and regeneration area.
The words is meant when this mixture is applied to agricultural region " to form protecting sheathing under service condition "; it with drying to form a shell; this shell can be stood desired common weather condition, and it is retained in the old place in for some time.These conditions and time can change in very wide scope: from short about one month timed interval the greenhouse, and a season of growth to the field, farm; And the several years in forest, vineyard and the orchard.Under most situation, can be checked quite simply for the ability that under service condition, forms protecting sheathing.Make a sample that meets the mixture of the required weight of dried shell be applied to soil, and make it dry to form shell, then with this shell with q.s, the water that is similar to heavy rain is sprayed.Under such condition, this shell should be not destroyed.After the shell dries, when it was rubbed lightly with thumb and forefinger, it should be crumbed.
The polymer binder that is used according to the present invention must be able to coexist in this mixture other component and the surface of soil form a shell.Usually under service condition, this mixture should form thin film.This polymkeric substance should have and is lower than about 35 ℃ glass transformation temperature (Tg).Preferably the glass transformation temperature (Tg) of this polymkeric substance is lower than about 20 ℃.Using softening agent, synthetic a kind of to have the polymkeric substance that is higher than about 35 ℃ glass transformation temperature (Tg) be possible, and therefore, this final synthetics can form a protective layer under service condition.
In enforcement of the present invention, our expectation makes not to be had environment, perhaps only has the mixture of minimum harmful effect.Consider this an urgent demand, people must pay attention to such fact, and promptly component in the mixture and mixture itself will be stayed within the agricultural region, and this agricultural region can stand the processing repeatedly carried out according to the present invention.When selecting component, people should consider resulting information and about the science opinion of the influence of each component in mixture and their residues in environment.
The type or the family of a large amount of polymkeric substance are arranged, and they can be used according to the present invention.Coverture is retained in the time span in a place, and influence is to the selection of polymkeric substance.Generally, be applicable to the present invention with polymkeric substance like the rubber-like, they comprise natural rubber, chloroprene rubber, polyisoprene rubber and synthetic rubber.
Usually, synthetic rubber is to contain soft monomer, as C
4-6The dienes with conjugated double bonds hydrocarbon and a single hard monomer as C
8-12Vi-ny l aromatic monomers, or C
2-8The polymkeric substance of alkenyl nitrile.General carbonatoms is that the dienes with conjugated double bonds hydrocarbon of 4-6 is that amount with the weight percent of the 20-80 of polymkeric substance exists, and is advisable with about 80-30, preferably the 40-80(weight percent of polymkeric substance).The alkenyl aromatic monomer that contains 8-12 carbon atom generally exists with the per-cent of the 20-70 that is approximately polymer weight, is advisable with 20-70, preferably accounts for the 20%-60%(weight percent of polymkeric substance greatly).Suitable C
8-12Vi-ny l aromatic monomers can be by a C
1-4Groups or a chlorine atom or a bromine atoms replace, or do not replace.
The suitable C that contains
4-6The dienes with conjugated double bonds hydrocarbon comprise polyhutadiene and 2-methyl butadiene, the suitable C that contains
8-12Vi-ny l aromatic monomers comprise vinylbenzene, 2-methyl styrene, tertiary butyl ethene, chloro-styrene and bromstyrol.
Synthetic rubber can also contain the monomer with a functional group.This monomer that contains functional group can exist with 0.5% to 10% of polymkeric substance, and preferably 0.5 to all referring to weight percent more than the 5%().This monomer with functional group can be a kind of acid, a kind of ester.A kind of acetaldehyde or a kind of acid amides.Suitable acid mono comprises and contains C
3-9The ethylene unsaturated carboxylic acid.Suitable ester monomer comprises and contains C
3-9The C of unsaturated carboxylic acid of alkene
1-8Alkyl ester, or contain C
1-8Chain triacontanol ester.Suitable aldehyde monomer comprises and contains C
3-9The acid amides of ethylene-unsaturated acid, it can be contained C by maximum two on the position of nitrogen-atoms
1-4Alkyl or alkanol groups replace, or be not substituted.
The monomer that typically contains functional group comprises that vinylformic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, propylenedicarboxylic acid, cinnamylic acid, methyl methacrylate, methyl are along (formula) butene dioic acid, along (formula) butene dioic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl propenoate, Jia Jibingxisuanyizhi, hydroxyl acrylic ethyl ester, hydroxymethyl ethyl propenoate, ethyl propylene acetoacetic ester, ethyl-methyl Ethyl acrylate, acrylamide, N methacrylamide, N-ethyl-methyl acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, propenal, methacrolein and interior cinnamic aldehyde.N-ethyl acrylamide, Methacrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N hydroxymethyl acrylamide.
In above-mentioned polymkeric substance, it is 40% C that approximate weight is arranged at most
8-12Vi-ny l aromatic monomers can be by C
3-9The alkene nitrile replace.This prevailing alkene nitrile is a vinyl cyanide.
Itself also can be used the nitrile rubber polymkeric substance according to the present invention.These polymkeric substance comprise the C of weight from 5% to 35%
2-8The alkene nitrile, preferably vinyl cyanide, and weight is from about C of 95% to 65%
4-6The dienes with conjugated double bonds hydrocarbon.It is 10% the monomer that contains functional group that this nitrile rubber can also contain maximum about weight.The suitable monomer that has functional group is enumerated as above.
Can be alkene and contain C according to polymer binder of the present invention
1-8The alkenyl ester of saturated carboxylic acid, or the polymkeric substance of chain-ol acetate.Suitable polymer blend comprise weight from about 1% to 40%, at least one C
2-4Strand alkene and weight from about C of 99% to 60%
1-8The C of saturated carboxylic acid
2-8Alkenyl ester or chain-ol acetate.Suitable strand alkene comprises ethene and propylene, the prevailing C that contains
1-8Saturated carboxylic acid contain C
2-8Chain-ol acetate be that this base polymer of vinylacetate can also at random contain weight for from about 0.5% to 5% the aforesaid monomer that contains functional group.
Polymer binder can be a C
2-3Alkene and contain C
3-9The undersaturated C of ethene
3-9The C of carboxylic acid
1-8Alkyl ester or contain C
1-8The polymkeric substance of chain triacontanol ester.Above-mentioned alkene can be that about amount of 1% to 40% exists with weight.Contain C
3-9Ethylene unsaturated carboxylic acid's alkyl ester and chain triacontanol ester can be that about 99% to about 60% amount exists with weight.This polymkeric substance can at random contain the monomer that has functional group of weight about 0.5% to 10%.Suitable alkene, ester and the monomer that has a functional group were discussed in front.
This polymkeric substance can be a functional alkene.This polymkeric substance can comprise from about weight of 10% to 20%, has the monomer of functional group, preferably vinylformic acid and methacrylic acid and for be made into 100% remaining contain C
2-3Alkene.
This polymer binder can be the tackiness agent of a propylene type.Such polymkeric substance can contain the C of acrylic or methacrylic acid
1-8Alkyl ester or chain triacontanol ester, its weight is about 60% to 99.5%, and weight approximately is 0.5% to 40% the C that contains
3-8The ethylene unsaturated carboxylic acid.Suitable olefinic saturated carboxylic acid is set out in.
The polymkeric substance that other those can be used according to the present invention is the multipolymer of polyvinyl chloride, ethylene-propylene copolymer, isoprene-isobutylene rubber, ethene, the multipolymer of propylene, multipolymer with the conjugated diene monomers, polysulfide, as have the C that contains that gathers sodium disulfide
2-4The spissated product of alkene dichloride.
Great majority in the above-mentioned polymkeric substance can use emulsification radical emulsion polymerization prepared, usually final latex be ionic with non-ionic type.In some cases, this polymkeric substance can be with cationic emulsion preparation.Those be not in aqueous milk sap with the polymkeric substance of its preparation, can be converted into latex by the technology of knowing altogether on the technology.The organic solution of a polymkeric substance or disperse phase can emulsifications in water, and organic phase can be excluded away subsequently.
According to the type of polymkeric substance, and in protecting sheathing required characteristic, the molecular weight of polymkeric substance and the decomposition of molecular weight are can be controlled.The method that is used to control the decomposition of the molecular weight of polymkeric substance of a lot of emulsification shapes and molecular weight is known, and this method comprises use such as tetracol phenixin, or some properties-correcting agent that alkyl sulfhydryl is such.
The disperse phase of aqueous polymers is made up of about 100 parts of particulate state weighting materials to 1600 parts (referring to weight), generally trend towards using this class mixture by spraying, so that the size of this weighting material should be enough is little, so that make it outlet by nozzle.Weighting material should not be fibrous, that is to say that its length do not answer diameter group excessive.Suitable combination partner comprises weighting material and the common pigment that is used for synthetic latex.Weighting material can be the organic material that is broken subtly, as wood powder, sawdust, Mierocrystalline cellulose, starch, Sulfite lignin, xylogen, and chippy plant material, or organic waste of granulous or their mixture.This stopping composition can be a kind of inorganic materials, as lime carbonate, clay, stone flour, Wingdale, carbon black or sheet mica, or their mixture.This sheet mica preferably should have the ratio of very high width and thickness.Such mica can make sunlight reflected, it is believed that this can control insect to a certain extent and make the soil cooling in the weather of heat.The used dosage of this stopping composition is preferably: each hundred parts of (weight) exsiccant polymkeric substance adds and is approximately 300 parts of weighting materials to 800 parts (weight).According to the climatic condition in the season of growth.Color to mixture can be selected, so that the income of an increase is provided.The mixture of black produces maximum opaqueness.The mixture of white descends the temperature of root.The mixture of silver color can provide maximum cooling power.Transparent mixture can make maximum light radiation enter soil, and helps the disinfection of soil.In colder weather, preferably contain enough carbon blacks in the mixture, so that this final film absorption heat that forms.Generally, in the exsiccant polymkeric substance of per 100 parts (weight), require the sooty amount to be no more than about 5 parts (weight), preferably in the polymkeric substance of per 100 parts (weight), add the carbon black of about 1-3 part (weight).By means of the raising of the soil moisture, this soil layer of dying deep dark helps to impel the rudiment quickening of seed and impel the early growth of plant more vigorous.In the weather of sweltering heat, the baking of soil is a problem, and this mixture should have the reflectivity ability, thereby preferably white.Recommended in these cases weighting material will be lime carbonate or slaked lime, may go back and pigment, combine as titanium dioxide, to improve opaqueness and whiteness.Transparent mixture can be prepared into by selecting to have with the essentially identical stopping composition of the refractive index of polymkeric substance.General principle has been described above, and must have remembered: according to the dissimilar stopping composition that the present invention planned to use and the mixing situation of pigment.
When this mixture of preparation, require to use a surfactant can disperse fully, and make this mixture have enough mechanical stabilities, so that spray with the assurance weighting material.The consumption of desired surfactant will depend on the usefulness of surfactant.This class surfactant can be the soap of the lipid acid of a long-chain, or a kind of oil such as stearic acid or stearate soap, palmitinic acid or palmitic acid soap, or sylvic acid or RA rosin acid.This class surfactant can be a synthetics, as vitriol, the sulfonate that can buy on the market, and alkyl, or the condensation product of the phosphate derivative of alkaryl, hydro carbons or polyalkylene dibasic alcohol and alkyl or alkaryl hydrocarbon (commercial available surfactant is listed in annual the McCucheo ń s washing composition and emulsifying agent annual).The add-on of surfactant should adapt with the dispersive add-on of polymeric binder.But the adaptability of the disperse phase of surfactant and polymkeric substance can mix by the small amount of sample of disperse phase and surfactant and be checked simply mutually, and whether observe this disperse phase stable.
The consumption of desired surfactant generally will be in each hundred parts of (weight) exsiccant polymkeric substance with about 0.5 part to the scope of the activator of 10 parts (weight).Desired, make the consumption of the surfactant of stabilized with mixture, can be determined by conventional test.When preparation mixture of the present invention, avoid partial instability care should be used to.For carboxylate latex, it is desirable adding the exsiccant weighting material.For the latex of less stable, then this weighting material must add as slurry or disperse phase.
This mixture can at random contain a kind of dispersion agent.This dispersion agent can add the dispersion agent that preferably is no more than 1-2 part (weight) in the polymeric binder of each hundred parts (weight).It is available that a lot of dispersion agents are arranged.Contain poly phosphate in a kind of type of suitable dispersion agent.The total amount of surfactant and the total amount of dispersion agent should be maintained at minimum in so that the humidifying again of protective shell reduces to minimum, thereby the intensity that protective shell is lost is minimum.
This mixture generally is prepared to and contains about 30-85(weight percent) solid, preferably contain the 50-85(weight percent).If be ready, mixture subsequently can dilute with water, but this will require a higher rate of application, or repeatedly uses to reach desired obducent weight.The usage quantity of mixture is advisable with the solids content that is not less than about 30% weight, and solids content preferably is not less than 50%(weight).
This class mixture can contain the added ingredients that is useful on agricultural.This mixture can contain a spot of viscosity control agent, with the viscosity that provides one to be approximately 1000 centipoises, has so just prevented that weighting material is precipitated out.Usually practical thickening material comprises natural thickener, as guar gum, and adragant, Sudan Gum-arabic, carrageenin, starch, pectin, Mierocrystalline cellulose; And the thickening material of modification, as carboxymethyl cellulose; With synthetic thickening agent such as sodium polyacrylate.
Mixture can also contain other, can improve the additive of crop yield, comprising chemical fertilizer, weedicide, sterilant, sterilant, nematocides and nutrient for plants, as contain the inorganic salt of the trace of one or more sodium, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, boron, iodine, cobalt, molybdenum, silicon, fluorine, aluminium, nickel, selenium and sulphur; Organic compound, bio-hormone and self-sow augmentor such as yeast, Auxin A, Auxin B, indolylacetic acid, phenolic group aceturic acid and plant hormone lactose can be contained in also that (this mixture can also contain a small amount of bacterium that can produce nitrogen in soil, for example red shell bacillus of Azobacter and Adostr-idium Posteuranium and root in this mixture.But in whole mixture, promote that like this add-on of the material of growth will be very low.And must unlikelyly in mixture, cause unstable.
If fertilizer, weedkiller, nematocides, mycocide or insecticide add mixture, they generally will use with quite low quantity, and add-on is not more than about 10 parts in the polymkeric substance of per 100 parts of weight usually, is preferably within the scope of about 1-4 part.The weedkiller of water-soluble liquid state, insecticide, nematocides, mycocide, fertilizer or other tethelin are easy to add mixture.Must carefully avoid the unstable of mixture, because it may cause spraying to be a problem.Hydrophobic fertilizer, weedkiller, insecticide, nematocides, mycocide or growth stimulant can resemble and prepare the oil in the aqueous emulsion, and they can be added in the mixture of the present invention.
As discussed above, adding chemical fertilizer, weedkiller, insecticide, nematocides, mycocide and growth stimulant aspect, the invention provides huge handiness, this is because they needn't stand necessary extrusion temperature in the manufacturing of plastic mulching film again.
When being engaged in the application of reforestation, this mixture can be used for ready zone or unripe place.Depend on Different Crop, preparation work can resemble raking the soil level simple.In high value plant and a spot of fruit farming, preparation work certainly will be more concentrated.The field is formed the implant bed of protuberance in the mode of row.And use fumigating disinfectant to be applied in the soil.Can be used in this mixture by following sootiness sterilization.Before using this mixture, preferably very smooth the soil roll extrusion slightly earlier, and compress soil surface slightly.Crop can be sowed or transplant to words earlier before applying this mixture as desired.If desired, safety guard can be installed on atomizer, in case lactifuge is applied to the place of planting seed.Sow again or transplant after also can applying this mixture crop.In this case, if desired, can make seed give germination.The equipment that applies this mixture depends on the scale of cultivated area.For the use in courtyard garden and greenhouse, or reforest, one simply to hold atomizer just enough.The liquid that makes according to the present invention can be contained in being sold to family and indoor garden in the pump operated automiser spray for topped dose.For commerce plantation farm, preferably use the suitable spraying equipment of tradition that has the ability of repeatedly spraying and can change the end.For the labor capacity that makes each sheet ground in the farm reduces to minimum, equipment can be used in combination in tandem.Thereby fumigant executes the machine of spilling, the bed forming mill, and roller press, seed sower and atomizer can one in front and one in back be united use.To guarantee to reduce the once sowing of sowing expense.
This mixture is used to provide one deck exsiccant soil cursting.Its weight is every square feet of 0.1-5 ounce.Every square feet of about 0.25-1.0 ounce preferably.The necessary drying of this mixture is to form one deck soil crust.Under the situation of low soil cursting weight, be the rate of utilization of control mixture, the mixture of using foam state is an ideal.The application of foam-like mixture in textiles is well-known, and is published in September 10 nineteen sixty-eight respectively and on June 20th, 1971 authorized in the Canadian Patent 794,319 and 876,069 of polymkeric substance association.
Sometimes wish to form the mixture film of sealing more, use two-layer or more shells so and also be fine.
As mentioned above, commercial spraying equipment can be used to apply mixture of the present invention.In some applications, for example be used for the transplanting dish of vegetables, bed is planted, and perhaps even the cereal field, spraying whole agricultural zone may have superiority.In other application examples such as afforestation scheme, then can be around the grounds of transplanted trees approximately the 6-60 inch, preferably approximately spray in the area of 18-24 inch.In the truck farming, according to the type of crop and the needs of equipment, this mixture can be applied in the bed of ploughing or swelling with strip.These belt strips can be anywhere, and its width 6-60 inch is perhaps pressed the width of spraying equipment.By closing nozzle or with the equipment of more advanced Tape movement protection guide plate, the zone of sprinkling can be divided into many perhaps many bands.Usually for tomato or similar plant, the growth belt width should be: on an every limit of plantation row, expand to 60 inches, preferably about 12-18 inch from about 6 inches.
Following Example is to be used for illustrating the present invention, but does not plan to limit with it the application of this patent.After the plot of state, ontario Port Lambton preparation work, 20 feet of a series of length are done following processing bandedly by plough and rake:
A) do not handle (control)
B) topped with the plastic mulching film
C) with following rate of utilization spraying mixture
(ⅰ) 0.7 ounce/square inch-24 inches wide, press following prescription composition mixture based on dry weight:
The SBR milk sap of a milk sap A(carbonylation) 100 parts
0.5 part of surfactant
1.25 parts of dispersion agents
300 parts in lime carbonate
Add water and account for solid 50 percent
Add carbon black 1-2 part for presenting black or lead
Viscosity control agent-the viscosity of 1000 centipoises is provided is precipitated out with the filler that prevents mixture.
Make this stabilized with mixture and filler is not precipitated out, and spray with portamist.After this mixture drying, the tomato plant transplanted is planted in control; On the plastic film region topped and that handled according to the present invention.
This region was sprayed on June 1st, 1984, and to July 20, on the area of handling according to the present invention, the plant growth situation surpassed control area, and can compare with the region of handling with the plastic mulching film.The region of handling according to the present invention has dark dark surface, the region of handling than plastic mulching.The mixture of using according to the present invention does not form continuous thin film.On the contrary, Biao Mian shell can split to be similar in exsiccant pelinite or mire earth disruptive mode.After results, by the using liquid with 0.7 ounce/square feet of dry weight topped respectively to test the output that the plot obtains as follows:
Plastic mulching sprays topped no topped
4 inches of treatment zone width 36 in2s-
Plastic type give first cutting--
12 inches 12 inches 12 inches of plantation spacings
Plant number 40 40 40
The plantation back Ninth Heaven survives several 35 36 20
The soil moisture of the plantation back Ninth Heaven (°F) 95 100 70
Plant back 80 days optional 3 plant
*
Fruit yield (pound) 12.3 13.5 7.5
Plant back 80 days total mellow fruits
Actual quantities (pound) 128 124 64
First ripe harvesting day 72 75 80
* annotate: the normal harvest day of this crop is after plantation about 90 days.By the output of 3 optional plant, be immature and mixed number mellow fruit.
After plantation about 80 days, plastic mulching was with to spray topped mature fruit output approximate identical.It is important for 36 inches that the plantation row that the plastic mulching of pointing out is handled needs the bed width.After results, the region of handling according to the present invention does not need the further processing of this mixture of do removal.Soil cursting is very loose, and has recovered the soil regime that can normally cultivate before applying this mixture substantially.For the peasant, this has just saved significantly by removing the required expense of plastic mulching thing in the ground, and its expense can be every acre of about 100-150 dollar.
In a breadboard test, 10 inches * 10 inches tray to be filled with soil, the degree of depth is by 1 1/2 inches to 1 1/4 inches.The tomato seed that gives germination on each tray kind then.Then spray with various shell weight with two kinds of different mixtures.Mixture is by example 1 prescription.Under a kind of situation therein, used above-mentioned latex A, in another case, used another carbonylation SBR emulsion (emulsion B) with higher styrene content.Used the topped shell of various weight.Then these trays are opened wide the roof that is placed on institute of Polysar company limited in air.
Among this testing sequence, observedly manyly give one of the most impressive thing to the people, be to have sprayed in these topped two kinds of trays having used, to compare with state of a control, the seedling growth velocity is very fast.Giving the people very deep impression for the difference of seeing, is difficult but be described.In order to help to express these difference, used " growth index " value.It obtains the mean diameter (with a centimetre expression) that the proximate center line average of seedling in the appointment tray multiply by the umbrella leaf.This value that provides is like the relative difference that can reasonably be expressed in the growth vigor aspect.The conspicuous explanation that increases for vigor is the reservation that has improved heat and moisture content.
At the 6th day, once measured the soil moisture in the tray.Measured soil temperature air themperature simultaneously is 892 °F.Because once extremely fierce Storms lifts except some surface soils and makes in the control tray plant roots exposed, therefore makes this test have to end.But in through any tray of handling by the present invention, all do not observe the sign of the sort of soil loss.
In its outcome record form that is named as " emergence study " below.
Annotate: temperature distribution is meant 1 o'clock of afternoon July 30, during 892 of air themperature, and the soil moisture of the following 1 inch processing of soil surface.
On August 21st, 1984, a kind of blend sample with the latex A preparation was tested in the sprayed region of Michigan State La Salle.This mixture uses single shower nozzle to be sprayed in the middle of two feet wide passages with the tractor that a speed is 0.5 miles per hour.The weight of dry shell approximately is 0.69 ounce/foot
2The speed of this tractor is the habitual speed of normally transplanting tomato.Shell is dry rapidly, has measured the air themperature of shell surface and the temperature of 6 inches depths soil then, and its result is as follows:
General soil is topped with the liquid overcoat
Air themperature (°F) 90 100
6 inches depths soil moistures (°F) 78 81
For relatively, a series of tests have been imported, relatively to press that the present invention handles and to press the growing state that gives germination tomato seed of English Patent 1,007,671 and United States Patent (USP) 2,961,799 processing.
A series of trays that are of a size of 10 inches * 10 inches * 2.25 inches are filled with dark about 2 inches of soil with commercial topsoil.In each tray, soil is located to plant 25 and is given germination tomato seed for dark 0.37 inch, then these trays is handled in the following manner.
A tray does not deal with, as controlling board.
Two trays are handled by the present invention.Mixture is the keeping sample that is applied to the sort of mixture in the soil with a single head atomizer with commercial system.This mixture is applied with 50% solids content, is 0.75 and 0.5 ounce/foot so that weight to be provided
2Dry shell.In a further comparative example, solids content is diluted into 25%.
It is according to English Patent 1,007 that a series of trays are arranged, and 671 example 10 is handled.Selecting example 10 is because it makes the people feel approaching theme of the present invention most aspect percent solids and the color level.
In this whole test example, the emulsion of use is by the mass-produced carbonylation SBR of Polysar company limited emulsion.This emulsion has been mixed Sundex 890
*Oil.This oil is to add in the emulsion with the profit emulsion that the method for being taught up to 75 row according to the disclosure page 3 the 63rd prepares.In aqueous emulsion oil, do not add the cationic stabilized agent.
This mixture is prepared with the component of following dry weight:
-
* trade mark
Emulsion solid drying component
Emulsion-100
Sundex 890 emulsions (50%) 300
Carbon black (35%) 4
Water--solid 30% added to
This mixture weighs 0.50 ounce/foot by the dried shell of the present invention
2Apply, and with 0.1667 ounce/foot
2Apply (applying of latter's emulsion is based on the every square yard 1/4 standard pint of stipulating in this example).This dried shell weight is equivalent to the wet shell weight of every tray 11.00 grams and 33 grams respectively.
Another kind of mixture is according to United States Patent (USP) 2,961, the capable formulation that provides of 799 the 11st hurdle 50-56.This mixture is applied in 3 trays.Shell weight is every square yard of 0.25 and 0.5 ounce of rubber.It is based on disclosed minimum of the 7th hurdle eighth row and maximum shell weight.This has just provided 0.0278 and 0.5556 ounce/foot
2Rate of application.It is 0.5 ounce/foot that remaining tray is processed into dried shell weight
2
Begin ready the time at these trays, form shell by top layer of the present invention is dry rapidly, and have much higher water content according to the top layer of prior art.Therefore these trays are very wet.The composition on this top layer has the bigger trend that penetrates soil.
These trays are placed in the roof of state, ontario Sarnia Polysar building of institute.They place and observe following phenomenon on August 30th, 1984:
When sample was placed on the outside, it is dark-coloured that the tray surface is, and judges that the rank of color is the 1-10 degree, the most secretly is 10 degree.
Growth index is calculated by above narration.
When plant is placed in when outdoor, the end of the season of growth just.Weather is colder than normal circumstances, and is subjected to serious several times thunderstorm.Generally speaking, the bud of plant is short, and growth index is low.
Annotate: on August 30th, 1 1984 on the 1st.
3A tray-contain 25% solid spraying mixture.
At the 6th day, measured the temperature of tray bottom soil, consequently:
Shallow reel number 123 3A 45678
Temperature (°F) 70 76 75 76 74 73 72 72 72
Revisal 85106880
After the preceding revisal of the capable revisal of file name page or leaf
Claim 29 or acyclic or propylene
Specification sheets 63 is that 20～70 of polymer weight is 20～80 of polymer weight
6 15～16 suitable aldehyde units comprise that containing suitable aldehyde monomer comprises and containing
C
3～9The unsaturated C of ethene
3～9Unsaturated aldehydes.
Comprise with the suitable acid amides of the acid amides of acid and to contain
C
3～9Olefinic unsaturated
The acid amides of acid.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of method that improves crop yield, its improvement comprises that being applied to a kind of in the agricultural region has the aqueous mixture that solids content is no less than 30% (weight), and this mixture is furnished with the fine powder stopping composition of about 100-1600 part weight so that weight 0.1-5.0 ounce/foot to be provided at the wedding agent that use contains a kind of polymerization wedding agent and per 100 parts of weight
2The condition of shell under, can form the protection shell.
2, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that said polymerization wedding agent is a kind of C that contains the about 20%-80% of weight
4-6Dienes with conjugated double bonds, and contain the emulsion of the polymkeric substance of the about 80%-20% mixture of weight.What this mixture contained the about 100%-60% of weight can be by C
1-4Groups or a chlorine or bromine atom replace or not substituted C
8-12Vi-ny l aromatic monomers, and weight percent reaches 40% C
3-9The alkene nitrile.
3, according to the method for claim 2, wherein said polymkeric substance so that contain weight approximately by one or more of 0.5-10% by the monomer of selecting in following group:
(ⅰ) C
3-9Ethylene unsaturated carboxylic acid or C
1-8Alkyl or its C
1-8Chain triacontanol ester.
(ⅱ) C
3-9The unsaturated aldehydes of ethene
(ⅲ) C
3-9The amides of ethylene-unsaturated acid, it can be reached two kinds of C on the nitrogen-atoms position
1-4Alkyl or C
1-4Chain triacontanol base replaces or is not substituted.
4, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that said polymeric binders contains a kind of polymer emulsion, this polymkeric substance contains at least a C of the about 1-40% of weight
2-4A kind of C of strand alkene and the about 99-60% of weight
2-8A kind of C of alkenyl or a kind of saturated carboxylic acid
1-8Chain triacontanol ester.
5, according to the method for claim 4, wherein said polymkeric substance so that contain the about 0.5-5% of weight one or more by the monomer of selecting in following group:
(ⅰ) C
3-9Ethylene unsaturated carboxylic acid or C
1-8Alkyl or its C
1-8Chain triacontanol ester.
(ⅱ) C
3-9The unsaturated aldehydes of ethene
(ⅲ) C
3-9The amides of ethylene-unsaturated acid, this ethylene-unsaturated acid are reached two kinds of C on the nitrogen-atoms position
1-4Alkyl or C
1-4Chain triacontanol base replaces or is not substituted.
6, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that said polymeric binders contains a kind of polymkeric substance emulsion, this polymkeric substance contains: the C of the about 60-99.5% of weight
1-8Alkyl or chain triacontanol ester acyclic or methacrylic acid, and the C of the about 0.5-40% of weight
3-8The unsaturated carboxylic acid of ethene.
7, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that said polymeric binders is to be selected from one group of polymkeric substance, this polymkeric substance comprises polyvinyl chloride, ethylene-propylene copolymer, isoprene-isobutylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-C
4-6Conjugate diene monomer, and the polymkeric substance of polyhutadiene.
8, according to the process of claim 1 wherein said mixture and then comprise the dispersible weedicide of water, agricultural chemicals or have the two concurrently.
9, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that said stopping composition is selected from following group: wood powder, sawdust, Mierocrystalline cellulose, starch, sulfonated lignin, xylogen is divided into fine grain plant materials, the organic granular waste material, lime carbonate, clay, stone dirt, Wingdale, carbon black, sheet mica, slaked lime or its mixture.
10, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the second-order transition temperature that said polymeric binders has is lower than about 20 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85106880 CN1007065B (en) | 1984-09-20 | 1985-09-12 | Liquid mulch |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US65252884A | 1984-09-20 | 1984-09-20 | |
| CN 85106880 CN1007065B (en) | 1984-09-20 | 1985-09-12 | Liquid mulch |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85106880A true CN85106880A (en) | 1987-03-11 |
| CN1007065B CN1007065B (en) | 1990-03-07 |
Family
ID=25742043
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85106880 Expired CN1007065B (en) | 1984-09-20 | 1985-09-12 | Liquid mulch |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1007065B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO329577B1 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2010-11-15 | Torfinn Johnsen | Mixture for treating a soil surface and / or a soil mass and its use. |
-
1985
- 1985-09-12 CN CN 85106880 patent/CN1007065B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1007065B (en) | 1990-03-07 |
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