CN85100658B - 弥散型铂丝和铂10铑-铂热电偶 - Google Patents

弥散型铂丝和铂10铑-铂热电偶 Download PDF

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CN85100658B
CN85100658B CN85100658A CN85100658A CN85100658B CN 85100658 B CN85100658 B CN 85100658B CN 85100658 A CN85100658 A CN 85100658A CN 85100658 A CN85100658 A CN 85100658A CN 85100658 B CN85100658 B CN 85100658B
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thermopair
pt10rh
platinum
thermoelectric couples
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CN85100658A (zh
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吴宝元
袁桂兰
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SHENYANG VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF GOLD
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SHENYANG VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF GOLD
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种加入(以重量百分比计算)0.1至0.15的高纯钇、0.005至0.18的高纯金的铂丝和一种由该铂丝作铂极的符合国际电工委员会S型热电偶标准的Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶。该热电偶通过高温均匀化处理后,抗高温氧化和抗污染能力均大为改善,两极的高温物理参数的匹配趋于合理,热稳定性也比通常的Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶要好。不仅如此,由于本发明所提供的Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶直径比通常的Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶要细,故大量推广使用后还可节约贵金属铂和铂铑合金。

Description

弥散型铂丝和铂10铑-铂热电偶
本发明属于对物理学领域中温度测量元件一热电偶的改进。
铂10铑-铂(以下记作Pt10Rh/Pt)热电偶(S型热电偶)是国际实用温标(IPPS/63)规定在金凝固点(1064.43℃)到锑凝固点(630.74℃)温度范围中传递温标的准标器,在工业和科学试验中,通常将它用来作为0~1600℃温度范围的测量元件。然而已知的Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶存在如下几个问题(1)高温氧化,900℃以上铂丝和铂10铑丝均会因氧化后的氧化物挥发而失重(2)热污染损伤,在大多数情况下,Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶不宜在还原性气氛下使用,已经确定,当环境中含有二氧化硅、铁、硫和碳时,Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶会出现严重污染,其结果通常表现为热电偶丝被熔化,或使其热电势输出发生漂移;(3)高温下两极的性能不匹配,在1200℃下铂和铂10铑的抗张强度分别为3.9牛顿/毫米2和11牛顿/毫米2,屈服强度分别为2.1牛顿/毫米2和7牛顿/毫米2。所以Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶在高温下其端部将会产生严重的应力集中,不仅会出现温度测量误差,也容易使热电偶发生断裂;(4)分度值不稳定性Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶在降温和升温两种不同的测量方式中会出现误差,其分度值的不稳定性同冷加工和退火工艺有关,要提高其热稳定性一般需要作长时间的高温退火,然而长时间的高温退火铂铑极中的铑又会扩散到铂极中去,这使得两极间出现化学成分不均匀变化,又会出现较大的测量误差;(5)Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶在高温下再结晶也会导致热电偶丝变脆,并影响热电偶的测量精度和使用寿命。针对上述问题,世界上一些工业发达国家在改善Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶性能方面作了许多研究工作,他们主要是通过加入合金元素如铱、钯、金、钌等将铂极改为铂合金极,并相应地改变铂铑合金极的成分(如英国专利1,178,349),用这些方法所研制成功的热电偶其热电势分度值必将同时发生较大改变,它们不可能同现有的供Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶使用的标准化二次测量仪表配套,因而不便于推广应用,另一方面,美国专利3,357,825虽曾报导加入微量钇可使铂族金属和铂13铑合金弥散强化,但仅考虑到微量钇能够有效地阻止高温下晶粒长大和改善这些金属或合金的高温力学性能。
本发明提供了用加入微量钇和金弥散强化的铂丝以及用该铂丝配对制成的Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶,这种弥散型Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶不仅具有高温抗氧化性能好、抗污染能力强、高温物理参数匹配合理、热稳定性好(1400℃、200小时测定铜凝固点实验前后热电势变化仅1~2v,见表1),使用寿命长等特点,经过对锌、锑、铜三凝固点电势值的测定(见表2),以及从800~1300℃每隔50℃共计11个点热电势的测定(见表3),该Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶不仅符合国际电工委员会对S型热电偶的要求(简称为国际标准),而且在1330~1360℃还原性气氛(煤气)条件下,采用由本发明所提供的Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶比通常的Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶工作寿命要长1.5~2倍。
本发明的实施例如下:在铂丝中加入(以重量百分比计算)0.1至0.15高纯钇和0.005至0.18的高纯金;该合金可在真空高频感应炉中用氩气保护熔炼,合金经过制造通常Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶相同的浇铸、锻压冷拔等工艺,但要注意各道工艺间的去铁、酸洗、去离子水水洗等必要的防污染措施,一直拉拔到预定规格。该铂丝可和铂10铑合金丝直接焊接并装入保护套管中使用,也可和绝缘材料、耐热合金外套管组装后加工成铠装热电偶使用。对该合金丝的弥散强化时效处理,考虑到热电偶是要长期在高温下使用的,使用时会逐步使弥散质点脱溶析出,故仅需要对合金作高温均匀化处理即可,对本发明的热偶丝的热处理工艺制度为1200~1400℃,保温4~6小时,通常是在制成热电偶后进行。
由于本发明所提供的采用微量钇和金弥散强化的铂丝抗高温氧化、抗环境污染性能好,高温强度也较高,故本发明所提供的Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶可以取比通常的Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶更细的直径,如可以制成直径0.38毫米或直径更细热电偶供测温用,而以直径0.38毫米的热电偶取代直径0.5毫米的热电偶,每支Pt10Rh/Pt热电偶即可节约铂和铂铑合金3~4克,故其经济价值也极为可观。
表1.本发明的Pt10Bh/Pt热电偶的热稳定
铜点热电势(mv) 相差值(v)
实验前 10.567 +5
1400℃/200小时实验后 10.565 +3
国际标准 10.5620
表2.本发明的Pt10Bh/Pt热电偶在锌点、锑点和铜点的热电势
热电势 温度 国际标准(mv) 本热电偶(mv) 相差值(v)
锌点 3.445 3.439 -6
锑点 5.551 5.547 -4
铜点 10.562 10.570 +8
表3.本发明的Pt10Bh/Pt热电偶在800~1300℃温区的热电势
热电势(mv) 国际标准(mv) 本热电偶(mv) 相差值(v) 国际标准 (v/℃)
800 7.345 7.334 -11 10.87
850 7.892 7.898 +6
900 8.448 8.442 -6 11.20
950 9.012 9.026 +14
1000 9.585 9.587 +2 11.53
1050 10.165 10.160 -5
1100 10.754 10.754 0 11.83
1150 11.348 11.314 -34
1200 11.947 11.945 -2 12.02
1250 12.556 12.572 +22
1300 13.155 13.155 0 12.12

Claims (3)

1、一种用高纯钇强化的铂丝,其特征在于加入(以重量百分比计算)有0.1至0.15的高纯钇和0.005至0.18的高纯金。
2、一种符合国际电工委员会S型热电偶标准的Pt10Bh/Pt热电偶,其特征在于其铂极由权利要求1所述的铂丝构成。
3、按照权利要求2所述的Pt10Bh Pt热电偶,其特征在于使用前经过1200℃~1400℃4~6小时的高温均匀化处理。
CN85100658A 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 弥散型铂丝和铂10铑-铂热电偶 Expired CN85100658B (zh)

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CA2841756C (en) 2013-02-22 2023-09-19 Weston Aerospace Limited Method of producing a thermocouple having a tailored thermoelectric response
GB201303189D0 (en) * 2013-02-22 2013-04-10 Weston Aerospace Ltd Method of producing a thermocouple having a tailored thermoelectric response
CN103952583B (zh) * 2014-05-20 2017-01-11 重庆材料研究院有限公司 快速测温用强化铂铑10-铂微细偶丝及制备方法
CN103952584B (zh) * 2014-05-20 2016-08-17 重庆材料研究院有限公司 用于测钢液温度的铂铑热电偶微细丝材料及制备方法

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