Ballast-free railway fastening
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of rail fastening, the ballast-free railway fastening that particularly a kind of nothing quarrel (promptly not having ballast bed) rails with high-insulativity and high universalizable uses.
Background technology
Rail clip is a kind of common components of railroad track, has problems technically at present.As everyone knows, for adapting to the track circuit needs, even the impedance between two rails also will reach 3 Ω .km under the rough sledding of heavy rain.And the resistance between two rails is the parallel resistance of the insulating element and the moisture film of rail fastening.The resistance of the insulating element of rail fastening is very high, is generally 10
6-10
9Ω, moisture film resistance is then lower, has only 10 usually
3-10
4How therefore Ω, improve the resistance between two rails, and key is to improve the resistance of moisture film, and the form of moisture film is closely-related with rail fastening.
In addition, in ballastless track on bridge and the tunnel and roadbed on ballastless track be very different, also cause the technical requirements different to rail fastening.For example, when laying welded long rail on the bridge, because bridge stretches with the rising and the reduction of temperature, bridge span structure and the welded long rail of laying thereon will produce interaction force, and serious meeting causes brittle fractures of rail or bridge pad and pier to damage.Reducing this interactional feasible method is the longitudinal resistance that reduces fastener, promptly reduces the friction factor of resilient sleeper-bearing under the buckle press of fastener and rail and the rail.And in the tunnel and the ballastless track on the roadbed, breaking joint is as far as possible little when welded long rail is fractureed, and wishes that then the longitudinal resistance of fastener is big as far as possible.So often cause on the bridge with the tunnel in and roadbed upper fastener general structure different.
In addition, existing fastener adopts mostly changes spare part adjustment gauge, and not only spare part is many, and can not adjust continuously.
The operation because ballastless track can not raise track, the adjustment of rail height can only lean against under the rail and be encased inside height adjusting cushion plate under the iron chair to be carried out, in fastener in the past, when being encased inside height adjusting cushion plate under rail, because this backing plate can not be effectively fixing, often scurries out in operation.
The design people for overcoming the above-mentioned defective that exists in the known technology, through arduous research and development, develops the ballast-free railway fastening with high-insulativity and high universalizable of the present utility model according to the experience and knowledge of being engaged in this area work for many years finally.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of ballast-free railway fastening that can overcome above-mentioned defective, this fastener has high-insulativity and high universalizable, be not only applicable in the tunnel and roadbed on ballastless track, also be applicable to ballastless track on the bridge, do not need spare part when adjusting gauge, and gauge can be adjusted continuously, and when heightening operation under the rail height adjusting cushion plate be difficult for scurrying out.
For this reason, the utility model provides a kind of ballast-free railway fastening, and wherein, described fastener has the rail of being arranged on flange of rail bottom and is provided with first backing plate; Be provided with an iron chair in the described first backing plate bottom; In described iron chair bottom one insulated buffer plate is installed, the periphery of described insulated buffer plate is provided with the rib wall, and leaving certain gaps uncovered by the economic plan on four angles of rib wall; At the described rail flange of rail face fastening collets are arranged, an end of a spring is withheld on collets, and the other end is withheld on the iron chair that is arranged on the rail bottom; Described fastener comprises that also the anchor bolt of fixing iron chair and described anchor bolt run through spring washer, insulation sleeve, plain cushion piece wherein.
Aforesaid ballast-free railway fastening, wherein, described collets are fastened on the side and the upper surface of the rail flange of rail.
Aforesaid ballast-free railway fastening wherein, can be provided with height adjusting cushion plate under the rail under the described rail, under the described iron chair height adjusting cushion plate under the iron chair can be set.
Aforesaid ballast-free railway fastening, wherein, height adjusting cushion plate is arranged between above-mentioned first backing plate and the iron chair under the described rail; Height adjusting cushion plate is arranged between iron chair and the insulated buffer plate under the described iron chair.
Aforesaid ballast-free railway fastening, wherein, described insulated buffer plate and height adjusting cushion plate are rubber plastics-insulated buffer plate and the height adjusting cushion plate with embossed surface.
Aforesaid ballast-free railway fastening, wherein, described iron chair is provided with slotted hole in the both sides of vertical rail length direction, is provided with boss in two ends at the iron chair middle part longitudinally along rail.
Aforesaid ballast-free railway fastening, wherein, described spring is a standard buckle press spring.
Aforesaid ballast-free railway fastening, wherein, described first backing plate is first rubber mat plate.
Aforesaid ballast-free railway fastening, wherein, described first backing plate is compound backing plate, and this compound backing plate is made up of the corrosion resistant plate and second rubber mat plate, and corrosion resistant plate is arranged on the upper surface of second rubber mat plate by the sulfuration bonding.
Aforesaid ballast-free railway fastening, wherein, described spring is a little buckle press spring, described little buckle press spring is W shape, and its outside has the both sides limb of separation, middle stage casing for being connected, and described both sides limb, stage casing are arc arch shape, the peak in described spring stage casing to the spring heel end apart from n less than this put spring both sides limb front end withhold a little apart from m, the ratio of m and n is smaller or equal to 2, the both sides limb of described little buckle press spring is longer than the spring stage casing.
Ballast-free railway fastening of the present utility model compared with prior art, the advantage and the characteristics that possess are:
1, in ballast-free railway fastening of the present utility model, spring is withheld rail on iron chair by the T type bolt, nut and the plain washer that are fixed on the iron chair, be provided with collets between rail and spring and the iron chair shoulder, be provided with resilient sleeper-bearing under the very big rail of insulaion resistance between rail and the iron chair, make the insulation of rail and iron chair, thereby have the insulating properties higher than prior art.
2, in ballast-free railway fastening of the present utility model, the periphery of the insulated buffer plate under the iron chair is provided with the rib wall, and leaving certain gaps uncovered by the economic plan on four angles of rib wall, when falling heavy rain, rainwater can successfully flow out from breach, thereby overcome accommodate a large amount of rainwater in the known technology in the insulated buffer plate and when excessive rainfall from the defective that glows all around of insulated buffer plate, significantly reduced the length of moisture film, thereby improved moisture film resistance significantly.
3, in ballast-free railway fastening of the present utility model, the spring of conventional buckle press (buckle press is generally greater than 8kN) both can be installed, little buckle press spring (buckle press is generally below 5kN) also can be installed, resilient sleeper-bearing both can adopt the big rubber mat plate of friction factor under the rail, also can adopt and on rubber mat plate, paste the little compound backing plate of corrosion resistant plate formation friction factor, in this fastener is used for the tunnel and roadbed on ballastless track the time, the spring and the rubber mat plate of the conventional buckle press of adapted, and when ballastless track uses on bridge, then but little buckle press spring of adapted and compound backing plate have high generality.
4, in ballast-free railway fastening of the present utility model, fastener belongs to no concrete shoulder block fastener, keeps gauge by tightening anchor bolt.The gauge adjustment is undertaken by moving the iron chair that has the slotted hole that passes for anchor bolt, and gauge can be adjusted continuously; Iron chair is provided with boss, the position of height adjusting cushion plate under the fixed track, and height adjusting cushion plate is difficult for play under the rail.
5, in ballast-free railway fastening of the present utility model, though the buckle press of little buckle press spring is little, spring bullet journey is bigger, and nut torque is also bigger during the spring assembling, thereby it is lax to guarantee that T type bolt is difficult for; And, because after the assembling of little buckle press spring, spring stage casing front end contacts with collets, therefore strengthened the ability of fastener opposing rail inclination.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the assembled state schematic diagram of ballast-free railway fastening first embodiment of the present utility model, and wherein, left side view represents not to be provided with the state of height adjusting cushion plate, and right side view represents to be provided with the state of height adjusting cushion plate;
Fig. 2 is the assembled state schematic diagram of ballast-free railway fastening second embodiment of the present utility model, and wherein, left side view represents not to be provided with the state of height adjusting cushion plate, and right side view represents to be provided with the state of height adjusting cushion plate;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of the medium and small buckle press spring of the utility model ballast-free railway fastening;
Fig. 4 is along the sectional drawing of A-A line among Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of compound backing plate in the utility model ballast-free railway fastening;
Fig. 6 is along the sectional drawing of B-B line among Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the vertical view of iron chair in the utility model ballast-free railway fastening;
Fig. 8 is along the sectional drawing of C-C line among Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the vertical view of insulated buffer plate in the utility model ballast-free railway fastening;
Figure 10 is along the sectional drawing of D-D line among Fig. 9.
The specific embodiment
For having clear more to feature, the effect of the ballast-free railway fastening of utility model and the technical purpose that will reach and comprehensively understanding, now contrast the description of drawings specific embodiment of the present utility model.
Embodiment one
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the assembled state schematic diagram of the utility model ballast-free railway fastening first embodiment, wherein, left side view represents not to be provided with the state of height adjusting cushion plate, and right side view represents to be provided with the state of height adjusting cushion plate.This embodiment for ballast-free railway fastening of the present utility model is used in the tunnel and roadbed on ballastless track.Ballast-free railway fastening of the present utility model comprises spring 4a, described spring 4a is conventional buckle press spring in the present embodiment, A type, Type B and II type springs as a large amount of uses at present, by T type bolt 1, nut 2 and plain washer 3 end of spring 4a is withheld on collets 5, the other end is withheld on the iron chair 6 that is arranged at the rail bottom.Described collets 5 are fastened on the side and the upper surface of the rail flange of rail.Resilient sleeper-bearing under the installation rail below the rail flange of rail, in the present embodiment, resilient sleeper-bearing is the first rubber mat plate 8a under this rail.Described iron chair be arranged on the described first rubber mat plate 8a below, 6 times insulated buffer plate 7 is installed at iron chair, described fastener also comprises iron chair 6, insulated buffer plate 7 is fixed on anchor bolt 9, spring washer 10, insulation sleeve 12, plain cushion piece 11 on the sleeper.As shown in Figure 1, when needs are adjusted the rail height, can between above-mentioned first rubber mat plate 8a and iron chair 6, height adjusting cushion plate 13 under the rail be set, height adjusting cushion plate 14 under the iron chair is set between iron chair 6 and insulated buffer plate 7.
By Fig. 9 and Figure 10 as seen, the periphery of insulated buffer plate 7 is provided with rib wall 7a, and on four angles of rib wall leaving certain gaps uncovered by the economic plan 7b.When rainfall, rainwater can be successfully from breach 7b flow out and can be not a large amount of accumulating in the insulated buffer plate 7 and glowing around it, thereby reduced the length of moisture film, promptly improved the resistance of moisture film.
Described insulated buffer plate 7 and height adjusting cushion plate 14 are equipped with embossed surface.Described iron chair 6 is provided with slotted hole 6a in the both sides of vertical rail length direction, along rail longitudinally two side ends be provided with boss 6c.Two slotted hole 6a that passed for anchor bolt 9 by Fig. 7 and the visible iron chair of Fig. 86 both sides are arranged on the same axis with the rail quadrature transverse, and purpose is to be that iron chair laterally moves and leaves enough spaces when adjusting gauge.Above-mentioned pair of projections 6c vertically is oppositely arranged on the both sides of described slotted hole 6a along rail.Shown in Fig. 7,8, the middle part of described iron chair 6 vertically is provided with a pair of backing plate shoulder block 6b relatively along rail, be used for fixing height adjusting cushion plate 13 under the rail, prevent its longitudinal leap, described backing plate shoulder block 6b can vertically be arranged on the inner side edge of iron chair 6 along rail, also can be arranged on outer side edges.
Fastener of the present utility model belongs to no concrete shoulder block fastener, keep gauge by tightening anchor bolt, most of by the lateral force that rail transmits by the frictional force balance of insulated buffer plate 7 with the sub rail foundation surface, wherein have only small part to pass to anchor bolt 9 by friction; The height adjusting cushion plate 14 of its insulated buffer plate 7 and iron chair 6 bottoms is the product of rubber and plastic of embossed surface, can guarantee that these two parts have enough rigidity and friction factor, thereby guarantees that anchor bolt is difficult for lateral force lax and that minimizing is applied to it.
Embodiment two
Fig. 2 is the assembled state schematic diagram of the utility model rail fastening second embodiment, and wherein, left side view represents not to be provided with the state of height adjusting cushion plate, and right side view represents to be provided with the state of height adjusting cushion plate.In this embodiment, the utility model rail fastening is used on the bridge on the ballastless track.In Fig. 2, with the conventional buckle press spring 4a among little buckle press spring 4b replacement Fig. 1, resilient sleeper-bearing under the rail of below the rail flange of rail, installing, be compound backing plate 8b in the present embodiment, replace the first rubber mat plate 8a with it, see Fig. 5,6, this compound backing plate 8b is made up of the corrosion resistant plate 8b-a and the second rubber mat plate 8b-b, corrosion resistant plate 8b-a is bonded in the upper surface of the second rubber mat plate 8b-b by sulfuration, and the friction factor of described compound backing plate 8b is less than the friction factor of the first rubber mat plate 8a.
Other building blocks of described fastener are identical with the parts among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are structure and the shape schematic diagram of little buckle press spring 4b, this spring 4b is approximate W shape, its outside has the both sides limb 4b-c of separation, middle stage casing 4b-b for being connected all withholds spring stage casing 4b-b and both sides limb 4b-c (but spring stage casing front end e point does not contact collets 5 when spring is not fastening) on the collets 5 by fastening T type bolt when assembling.Can prevent that like this rail from producing excessive inclination.Since the heel end of spring 4b to the axes O-O of T type bolt, be spring stage casing 4b-b peak apart from n much smaller than both sides limb front end to T type bolt axis O-O, be spring stage casing 4b-b apart from m (ratio of m and n is smaller or equal to 2), the power of being withheld rail by the spring 4b side limb front end of T type bolt 1 fastening force generation only is about 1/3 of T type bolton power.Under the situation of same T type bolton power, elastic-strip pressure is about 2/3 of conventional spring in the present embodiment.From Fig. 4 as seen, obviously be longer than stage casing 4b-b at the both sides of free state spring 4b limb 4b-c.There are discrepancy in elevation h in spring both sides limb front end and stage casing front end, and in fastening process, its stage casing front end constantly reduces, till withholding collets at spring 4b.
As seen from Figure 6, corrosion resistant plate 8b-a is bonded in the upper surface of rubber mat plate 8b-b among the compound backing plate 8b by sulfuration.Because the friction factor of corrosion resistant plate 8b-a and rail is 0.20~0.25, therefore the friction factor of compound backing plate 8b is more much lower than the friction factor of the first rubber mat plate 8a and rail, add that aforesaid spring 4b buckle press is little, thereby fastener resistance reduces greatly.
Certainly, when described spring is little buckle press spring 4b, also can use the first rubber mat plate 8a among the embodiment one; When described spring is conventional spring 4a, also can use the compound backing plate 8b among the embodiment two.
The above person of thought, it only is specific embodiment of the utility model, when can not limiting the scope that the utility model is implemented with this, i.e. equivalent variations and the modification of being done according to the utility model content of the patent generally all should still belong in the scope that the utility model claims contain.