Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a hydrochloric acid regenerating unit to solve the problem that the processingof the useless hydrochloric acid that prior art exists discharges and causes serious pollution to the environment.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that: the device comprises a roasting furnace, a pre-concentrator, an absorption tower, a washing tower, a titanium fan and an iron oxide powder bin, wherein the bottom end of the roasting furnace is provided with an iron oxide powder outlet and a discharge valve, and the outlet is connected with the iron oxide powder bin; the gas outlet of the roasting furnace is connected with the gas inlet of a preconcentrator, and the gas outlet of the preconcentrator is sequentially connected with a titanium fan, an absorption tower and a washing tower; the two ends of the pre-concentrator are also provided with a hydrochloric acid injection port and a concentrated hydrochloric acid outlet, the latter is connected with the hydrochloric acid inlet of the roasting furnace, and the inside of the hydrochloric acid inlet is provided with a high-atomization spray gun.
The roasting furnace consists of a furnace body, a burner and the high-atomization spray gun, wherein the burner is made of an acid-resistant material and a long-flame large-proportion double-adjustment burner, is arranged at the lower part of the roasting furnace along the circumferential tangential direction, and automatically adjusts parameters of the gas, air and concentrated waste acid spraying amount of the burner by utilizing a PLC (programmable logic controller); the upper part of the furnace body is vertically provided with a plurality of high atomization spray guns along the circumference, and the upper end of each spray gun is provided with a lifting device.
The top temperature of the roasting furnace is controlled to be 380-420 ℃, and preferably 390-400 ℃; the height-diameter ratio H/D of the roasting furnace is 2.29-2.37, and the roasting furnace works under the negative pressure state under theaction of the titanium fan.
The pre-concentrator comprises a Venturi tube and a flow guide section connected to the outlet end of the Venturi tube, and conical necking is respectively arranged at the inlet of the Venturi tube and the outlet of the flow guide section; a guide cylinder with the diameter basically equal to the inner diameter of the Venturi tube is arranged in the guide section; the side surfaces of the inlet and the flow guide section are respectively provided with a concentrated acid inlet and a furnace gas outlet, and a high atomization nozzle is arranged in the concentrated acid inlet; a silicon carbide grid is arranged at the central throat of the Venturi tube; a concentrated sulfuric acid circulating pipeline is connected between the concentrated acid inlet and the outlet of the flow guide section, a roasting furnace feeding pump is connected in series with the circulating pipeline, and the inlet of the feeding pump is also connected with a waste acid raw material container.
The inlet part and the Venturi tube part of the concentrator are both formed by compounding four layers of anti-corrosion materials, and high-strength steel shells are arranged on the outer sides of the four layers of anti-corrosion materials; the diversion section and the outlet are compounded by two layers of anti-corrosion materials, and a high-strength steel shell is arranged on the outer side of the two layers of anti-corrosion materials.
The four layers of anti-corrosion materials are respectively silicon carbide and acid-resistant ceramic tiles built from inside to outside; the rubber plate is made of acid-resistant filler and acid and temperature resistant rubber; the two layers of anti-corrosion materials are acid-resistant filler and acid-resistant rubber plates from inside to outside in sequence.
The high-atomizing nozzle is an acid-resistant temperature-resistant special atomizing nozzle, a plurality of nozzles are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the inlet along the circumference, the installation angle of the axis of the nozzles and the axis of the Venturi tube is preferably 30 degrees, and the spraying angle of the nozzles is preferably 60 degrees.
The feeding pump adopts a steel lining polytetrafluoroethylene lining centrifugal acid-resistant pump.
The absorption tower and the washing tower are made of temperature-resistant and acid-resistant PPH plastic; the iron oxide powder bin and the iron powder conveying pipeline are made of wear-resistant materials, the high-temperature concentration pipeline is an acid-resistant composite pipeline, and the acid pipeline is a pipeline and a pipe fitting made of reinforced PP or PPH materials.
The control system comprises a controller, a concentrated acid spraying amount control valve, a gas and air flow control valve, a pre-concentrator liquid level display meter, a regenerated acid flow display meter, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein the concentrated acid spraying amount control valve is arranged on a concentrated acid inlet at the upper part of the roasting furnace, the gas and air flow control valve is arranged on a gas supply pipeline of a burner, and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged at the upper part of the roasting furnace; the pre-concentrator liquid level display meter is arranged on the pre-concentrator; the regenerated acid flow display meter is arranged on the absorption tower; the preconcentrator liquid level display meter, the regenerated acid flow display meter, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the input end of the controller, the concentrated acid injection control valve, the gas and air flow control valve and the titanium fan control module are respectively connected with the output end of the controllerAnd an input end is connected. In the waste hydrochloric acid used for pickling, the main component is ferric trichloride (FeCI)3) It has strong corrosivity, and is very serious in equipment and environment pollution, and is difficult to treat.
The chemical reaction of acid washing is as follows:
the chemical reaction applied by the utility model is as follows:
the reaction and the acid washing chemical reaction are reversible reaction, the reaction is carried out in a special hydrochloric acid regeneration roasting furnace, coal gas is combusted in reaction heat, and reaction product HCI gas is absorbed by soft water (in an absorption tower) to become hydrochloric acid for acid washing cycle use; the other reaction product is solid iron oxide powder (Fe)2O3) And the iron oxide powder is discharged from a discharging valve at the lower part of the roasting furnace and enters an iron oxide powder bin to be used as an important raw material in the electronic industry and the dye industry. Thus realizing the wasteThe regeneration of hydrochloric acid can make the waste hydrochloric acid used in acid cleaning in industry regenerated and recycled. Greatly reduces the pollution to the environment and reduces the production cost.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the utility model mainly comprises a roasting furnace 1, a preconcentrator 3, an absorption tower 5, a washing tower 6, a titanium fan 4 and an iron oxide powder bin 2. The bottom end of the roasting furnace l is provided with a ferric oxide powder outlet and a discharge valve 20, and the outlet is connected with the ferric oxide powder bin 2 through a conveying pipeline 28. The lower end of the iron oxide powder bin 2 can be bagged and transported outside by a bagging machine (not shown). The gas outlet 11 of the roasting furnace 1 is connected with the gas inlet 31 at the upper end of the pre-concentrator 3, the gas outlet 39 at the lower part of the pre-concentrator 3 is connected with the inlet of the titanium fan 4, the outlet of the titanium fan 4 is connected with the inlet of the absorption tower 5, the outlet of the absorption tower 5 is connected with the inlet of the washing tower 6, and the upper end of the washing tower 6 is provided with a chimney 7. The upper and lower ends of the preconcentrator 3 are further provided with a hydrochloric acid inlet 32 and a concentrated hydrochloric acid outlet 41, and the latter is connected with the hydrochloric acid inlet 12 of the roasting furnace 1. The hydrochloric acid inlets 12 are arranged in a plurality of circles, the inner end of each hydrochloric acid inlet 12 is provided with an atomizing spray gun 13, and the inner end of the hydrochloric acid injection port 32 of the pre-concentrator 3 is provided with an atomizing nozzle 33. In order to improve the concentration effect, a concentrated sulfuric acid circulating pipeline 43 is connected between the concentratedacid inlet 32 and the outlet 41 of the diversion section, a roasting furnace feeding pump 42 is connected in series with the circulating pipeline 43, and the inlet of the feeding hopper 42 is also connected with the waste acid tank 9.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the roaster 1 produces a spiral rise from lower combustion gasThe hot gas flow, the waste acid concentrated by the preconcentrator 3 is sprayed into the roasting furnace 1 from the top to the bottom through the atomizing nozzle 13 at the upper part of the roasting furnace, the hot gas flow and the sprayed waste acid generate a chemical reaction in a convection way to generate HCI gas and Fe2O3And (3) pulverizing. The reaction heat and the reaction temperature in the furnace are generated by burning coal gas. The automatic control process is completed by controlling the furnace top temperature, the pressure in the furnace, the combustion condition, the spraying amount of the concentrated acid and the like.
The exterior of the roasting furnace 1 adopts a steel shell 14, the lining is made of refractory and acid-resistant bricks 15, and the middle is filled with refractory and acid-resistant filler 16. The upper part is provided with a concentrated waste acid spray gun 13 and a lifting device 27, the lifting device 27 is used for lifting the spray gun out of the roasting furnace and placing the spray gun into the roasting furnace, the lower part is provided with a high-temperature resistant rotary valve 20 for discharging ferric oxide powder, and the middle high-temperature section is made of high-quality corundum fire-resistant acid-resistant material to form a combustion chamber 19.
The lower part of the roasting furnace 1 is provided with a long flame and large-proportion air gas adjustable burner 18 which is arranged in the radial tangential direction of the roasting furnace. The roasting furnace 1 is automatically adjusted by adopting PLC (programmable logic controller) technical parameters such as gas, air, concentrated acid spraying amount and the like, and the furnace top temperature is controlled to be 390-400 ℃, the lowest temperature is not lower than 380 ℃, and the highest temperature is not higher than 420 ℃. The roasting furnace 1 operates under negative pressure. The working negative pressure is-2000 Pa (-200 mmH)2O), the height/diameter ratio of the baking furnace 1 is 2.29 to 2.37.
Referring to fig. 4, the preconcentrator 3 is a special preconcentrator, and includes a venturi tube 40 and a flow guide section 44 connected to an outlet end thereof, and tapered necks are respectively provided at an inlet 31 of the venturi tube 40 and an outlet 41 of the flow guide section; a guide shell 38 having a diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the venturi tube 40 is disposed in the guide section 44. The side surfaces of the inlet 31 and the flow guide section 44 are respectively provided with a concentrated acid inlet 32 and a furnace gas outlet 39, and a high atomization nozzle 33 is arranged in the concentrated acid inlet 32. A silicon carbide grid 34 is arranged at the central throat of the Venturi tube 40. The venturi tube 40 and the inlet portion 3l are compounded by four layers of anticorrosive material, and a high-strength steel shell 46 is provided outside the four layers of anticorrosive material. The four layers of anti-corrosion materials are respectively a silicon carbide layer 35 and a built acid-resistant tile layer 36 from inside to outside; the anticorrosive and heat-insulating acid-resistant filler 37 and the acid-resistant and temperature-resistant rubber plate 45, and the rubber plate 45 and the steel shell 46 can adopt rubber-attached steel plates. The flow guide section 44 is formed by compounding two layers of anti-corrosion materials, and is sequentially provided with an acid-resistant filler and an acid-resistant rubber plate from inside to outside,and a high-strength steel shell 46 is arranged on the outer side of the anti-corrosion materials.
The high atomizing nozzle 33 adopted by the pre-concentrator 3 adopts an acid-resistant temperature-resistant special atomizing nozzle, a plurality of nozzles are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the inlet along the circumference, the installation angle of the axis of the nozzles and the axis of the Venturi tube 40 is preferably 30 degrees, the spraying angle of the nozzles is preferably 60 degrees, and the two angles can be properly adjusted according to specific conditions.
The pre-concentrator 3 is used for preheating and concentrating the waste hydrochloric acid by utilizing the furnace gas of the roasting furnace 1, evaporating the water vapor of the waste hydrochloric acid, and repeatedly and circularly concentrating the waste hydrochloric acid through a concentrated sulfuric acid circulating pipeline 43 and a feeding pump 42 between a concentrated acid inlet 32 and an outlet 41 of a flow guide section, so that the waste hydrochloric acid is delivered to the roasting furnace 1 for spray roasting when the bulk density of the concentrated waste acid reaches 1.35. The operation is reasonable, the energy can be saved, the temperature of the furnace gas can be reduced, the equipment is protected, and the HCI absorption and washing can be smoothly carried out. This effect cannot be achieved without or with other types of concentrators.
The absorption tower 5 and the washing tower 6 are made of temperature-resistant and acid-resistant PPH plastic, and the internal structure is a conventional structure. Because the pre-concentrator 3 with stable performance and good effect is adopted, the temperature of the HCI-containing roasting furnace gas is reduced and stable, and the absorption and the washing are favorably and smoothly carried out. The PPH plastic has the temperature resistanceand acid resistance, can meet the requirements, particularly has the ageing resistance, good welding performance, processing performance and the like of PPH, and the adoption of PPH for manufacturing an absorption tower and a washing tower is a judicious choice.
The absorption tower 5 is a cylindrical tower and divided into two layers. The second layer is a spraying layer, and washing water is sprayed into the tower through a nozzle according to a certain amount by an absorption tower feeding pump. The middle parts of the first layer and the second layer are packing layers which are filled by packing rings, and the flushing water sprayed down from the second layer is dissolved into hydrochloric acid by acid gas rising from the packing layers and the lower parts and falls into the lower layer. An isolation grid is arranged between the lower layer and the packing layer, so that the packing cannot fall into the lower layer. On the lower layer side, there is an acid gas pipeline from the pre-concentrator, so that the generated regenerated acid can be discharged from tower and fed into storage tank.
The washing tower 6 is cylindrical, and the upper part of the washing tower is provided with a chimney communicated with the outside of a factory building. The washing tower is divided into a bottom water dissolving tank, a middle packing layer, an upper spraying layer and a top chimney. The bottom water-dissolving tank ensures that the washing tower has a certain liquid level so as to meet the normal work of the circulating pump. The bottom layer of the tower is provided with an absorption tower feeding pump for supplying washing water with trace acid. The bottom liquid sends circulating water (mainly washing water) to the top spraying layer under the action of a circulating pump, and the circulating water is sprayed to the packing layer through a nozzle. The liquid level meter is arranged on the bottom layer of the tower, and the normal operation of thecirculating pump can be ensured only when the liquid level is in a certain state. The middle packing layer is filled with packing rings to make the circulating liquid sprayed from the upper part and the gas rising from the lower part merge together, and the residual acid gas and dust in the gas are sent to the bottom to purify the discharged gas and reabsorb the hydrochloric acid. The upper spraying layer is provided with a water replenishing pipeline for replenishing water to the washing tower according to a certain amount.
The iron oxide powder bin 2 and a conveying pipeline connected with the iron oxide powder bin are seriously abraded, and the easily abraded part is made of a patent product, namely a superhard alloy composite wear-resistant steel plate (patent number 200320103335.3) and has an excellent effect. The high-temperature concentrated acid pipeline requires high pressure and high temperature under working conditions, is highly corroded and is frequently damaged, and the steel-plastic composite pipe and the connecting device (patent number: ZL00200822. X) which are patent products have good effect and can be popularized. The pipeline and the pipe fitting adopt PPH or reinforced PP, so that the effect is good, and the installation and the welding are convenient.
The feeding pump 42 adopts a steel lining polytetrafluoroethylene lining centrifugal wear-resistant acid-resistant pump, the requirement on the pump must be strict, and the reliable work must be ensured. The titanium fan 4 is made of industrial pure titanium, and has the advantages of high corrosion resistance and stable and reliable work besides certain air volume and air pressure.
The utility model discloses a control system adopts PLC automatically regulated, and the regulating parameter has coal gas, air, concentrated pump density, and titanium fan flow pressure, concentrated sour volume of spraying etc. and whole control system is whole by electronic computer automatic control, and intelligent work produces qualified regeneration acid and high-quality by-product-ferric oxide powder.
The utility model discloses still can set up control system, this control system includes controller C, concentrated sour volume of spouting control valve 21, gas and air flow control valve 22, preconcentrator liquid level display table 23, regeneration acid flow display table 24, temperature sensor 25 and pressure sensor 26, and concentrated sour volume of spouting control valve 21 is installed the concentrated sour entry on 1 upper portion of burning furnace over a slow fire on, gas and air flow control valve 22 are established on the gas supply line who bakes burning furnace 1 combustor 18 over a slow fire, and temperature sensor 25 and pressure sensor 26 are installed on the upper portion of burning furnace 1 over a slow fire. The pre-concentrator liquid level display meter 23 is arranged at the lower end of the pre-concentrator 3; a regenerated acid flow display meter 24 is arranged at the lower end of the absorption tower 5; the pre-concentrator liquid level display meter 23, the regenerated acid flow display meter 24, the temperature sensor 25 and the pressure sensor 26 are respectively connected with the input end of the controller C, and the concentrated acid spraying amount control valve 21, the fuel gas and air flow control valve 22 and the control module of the titanium fan 4 are respectively connected with the input end of the controller C. The controller C can adopt a microcomputer or a programmable controller PLC.
The automatic control system has the functions of:
controlling the furnace top temperature and pressure of the roasting furnace: a furnace-top temperature sensor 25 and a pressure sensor 26 for sending measured temperature and pressure values to the controller C. The controller C adjusts the flow and the rotating speed of the fuel gas and air flow control valve 22 and the titanium fan according to the temperature value and the pressure value, so that the set optimal temperature and pressure are kept in the furnace.
Controlling the spraying amount of the concentrated acid: the spraying amount of the concentrated acid in the roasting furnace 1 is that the concentrated acid in the preconcentrator 3 is sent to the spray gun 13 through the feeding pump 42, and the pressure transmitter 30 and the flow transmitter are installed on the conveying pipeline to the spray gun 13. After being set by the controller C according to the desired spraying amount, the flow value signal measured by the flow transmitter 29 is input to the controller C, and the controller C inputs a signal to the frequency converter of the feed pump 42 according to the set value, thereby changing the flow rate of the feed pump.