CN2877107Y - Lithium battery charging managing circuit - Google Patents
Lithium battery charging managing circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN2877107Y CN2877107Y CN 200620053805 CN200620053805U CN2877107Y CN 2877107 Y CN2877107 Y CN 2877107Y CN 200620053805 CN200620053805 CN 200620053805 CN 200620053805 U CN200620053805 U CN 200620053805U CN 2877107 Y CN2877107 Y CN 2877107Y
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a lithium battery charging management circuit which includes a microprocessor control unit MCU having PWM function and connected with a constant current/voltage control circuit and a power supply abnormity protection circuit; a charging battery reversed polarity protection circuit, a battery reverse charging protection circuit, and a charging battery abnormity protection circuit. The utility can perform CC/CV charging, input voltage abnormity protection, battery abnormity protection, battery reversed polarity protection, battery reverse charging protection, current-sampling resistance short-circuit protection, pre-charging and staged current charging under control of the MCU. The utility model has the advantages of low cost, high safety, changing parameters via changing software rather than hardware, and high convenience.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the charge protector of lithium battery.
Background technology
Lithium battery is widely used in communication, electron trade as a kind of high efficient energy sources carrier, particularly on person-to-person communication such as mobile phone, the PDA instrument.Lithium battery is chargeable and reuse, and its charge protector is one of the direction of the continuous innovation of battery industry always.There is following problem in existing charging circuit:
1, battery is under the situation of fully emptying, when cell voltage is low excessively, fixes because of charging voltage and resistance flowing resistance simultaneously, can cause the initiation of charge electric current excessive, can shorten battery life;
2, unprotect measure when unusual takes place when battery, for example inside has two joint short circuit meetings to cause charging current seriously to strengthen, and finally can make the battery excessive heating and damages battery, can make battery explosion or cause fire when serious;
3, too much when the battery joint number, cell voltage pressure reduction becomes big when being full of with emptying, wants to make that electric current is less than certain value when being full of, and then the initiation of charge electric current can be excessive, can make shorter battery life equally;
4, long-term again floating charge meeting consumed electrolyte inside after battery was full of, and battery capacity is reduced, and had a strong impact on battery useful life.
Under above-mentioned situation, as do not have perfect charging circuit and charge protection device, battery is easy to generate the blast damage equipment, more likely causes fire, and the super-charge super-discharge phenomenon can make battery life seriously shorten simultaneously.Present lithium cell charging Managed Solution has three kinds: first kind is to use voltage-dropping type PWM transducer, cooperates operational amplifier to realize the CC/CV charging, as 8521 series of NSK, the R1224 series of Ricoh; Second kind is the special charging managing chip that semiconductor manufacturer releases, as the bq series of TI; The third makees the controller of Charge Management for using MCU, and single-chip microcomputer constantly scans the hardware circuit of periphery, enters corresponding charge mode up to finishing charging after judging.
In present these three kinds of schemes, the third scheme is the most flexibly, and the utility model is a kind of improvement to this scheme.
The utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model provides low, safe in utilization, the reliable charge management circuit of a kind of cost.
The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Design a kind of lithium cell charging managing line, the Charge Management circuit includes little processing controls chip MCU, and little processing controls chip MCU has the PWM function.The pin of MCU connects with constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit; The pin of MCU connects with charge power supply with abnormity protection circuit by power supply monitoring; The MCU pin also connects with the rechargeable battery anode, also is provided with battery voltage detection circuit between the anode of rechargeable battery and the ground; Described Charge Management circuit also includes rechargeable battery reversal connection, anti-protection and the rechargeable battery abnormity protection circuit of filling.
The constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit that the pwm signal end of the 13PIN of MCU connects comprises that the all-wave that bleeder circuit that MOSFET pipe U1A and resistance R 11, R15, capacitor C 6, C7 form and triode Q2, Q3, Q6 form promotes circuit, the pwm signal end connects with the base stage of triode Q6 by resistance R 34, the collector electrode of triode connects with the base stage of triode Q2, Q3 by resistance R 17, the emitter of triode Q2 connects with the drain electrode of MOSFET pipe UIA, and the collector electrode of triode Q3 connects bleeder circuit.16PIN, the 18PIN of the current feedback input of little processing controls chip MCU connect with current sample amplifying circuit, sampling resistor short-circuit protection circuit respectively; the two ends that are arranged on current sense resistor R28, R10 on the charge circuit connect with the positive-negative input end of differential amplifier U2A, U2B, and the output of differential amplifier U2A, U2B is connected to 18PIN, the 16PIN of MCU after resistance capacitance filtering.16PIN, the 18PIN of the feedback input of little processing controls chip MCU are respectively by voltage stabilizing didoe D5, D6 ground connection.
The 19PIN of MCU connects with the dividing potential drop branch road of resistance R 43, R44, wherein also is parallel with on the road of dividing potential drop and filter capacitor C12 and voltage stabilizing didoe D7.
The battery voltage detection circuit that is provided with between the anode of rechargeable battery and the ground includes divider resistance R3 and R27, be connected with MOSFET pipe Q1 on its dividing potential drop branch road, the drain electrode of MOSFET pipe Q1 connects with charge power supply by resistance, divider resistance R27 is in parallel with filter capacitor C5 and voltage stabilizing didoe D4, and its dividing potential drop output VBAT is connected to the 17PIN of MCU.
Output port at the Charge Management circuit is provided with a diode D2 who prevents the battery reversal connection, and rechargeable battery bag B+/B-end also is provided with one and prevents the anti-diode D1 that fills of power brick; Little processing controls chip MCU also connects with temperature sensing circuit, and the 14PIN of MCU forms a temperature sensing circuit by R39, NTC resistance R 20 and filter capacitor C9, and thermistor R20 and filter capacitor C9 are positioned at power brick; Form one at the 10PIN of MCU by resistance R 14, R19, R18, R13 and triode Q4, MOSFET U1B and prevent reverse circuit.The circuit that the 7PIN of MCU forms by triode Q5, Q7 connects the composition active circuit that charges with the protection module between battery positive and negative terminal B+, B-.
The utility model compared with prior art has following remarkable advantage:
Little process chip MCU of the Charge Management circuit that the utility model provides itself has A/D conversion and PWM function; constantly scan the peripheral hardware circuit by the A/D port; judge after obtaining data; thereby control program to finish corresponding C C/CV charging, input supply voltage abnormal protection, battery abnormal protection, battery reversal connection, the anti-functions such as protection, current sampling resistor short-circuit protection, precharge, grading current charging of filling of battery.The change of some parameter of this management circuit can be by changing the software realization and not needing to change peripheral hardware circuit, and convenient, flexible, cost is low and safe.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model circuit theory schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is charging control program figure of the present utility model.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1; a kind of lithium cell charging managing line; comprise charge power supply and rechargeable battery; between charge power supply and rechargeable battery, be connected with the Charge Management circuit; the Charge Management circuit comprises little processing controls chip MCU; MCU has the PWM function, little process chip MCU respectively with constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit, abnormity of power supply protective circuit and rechargeable battery reversal connection, counter fill the protection and the rechargeable battery abnormity protection circuit connect
The voltage of the 19PIN of little process chip MCU is supplied with and is provided with protection.The voltage of 19PIN is provided by the dividing potential drop of charge power supply through resistance R 43, R44, wherein also is parallel with and filter capacitor C12 and voltage stabilizing didoe D7 on divider resistance R43 and the R44 dividing potential drop branch road.The voltage ratio that inserts divider resistance R43 and R44 between charge power supply anode and ground is chosen as 3: 1, precision is 1%, and two resistances do not surpass 100K, otherwise can't provide enough big electric current for A/D, cause A/D inaccurate, simultaneously can not be big or small, too little this branch road current sinking that then can cause is too big.Preferably select the resistance of tens K.The voltage that concerns the 19PIN gained of MCU according to dividing potential drop is 1/4 of actual input voltage, the minimum value and the maximum of definite input voltage in software according to actual conditions and error, and break bounds promptly stops charging and warning at once; If the C12 short circuit, then power end A/D value is 0, also stops charging and warning.D7 is in order to prevent that voltage from surpassing 5V and damaging MCU and establish.
The 13PIN of MCU connects with constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit, constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit comprises that the all-wave that bleeder circuit that MOSFET pipe UIA and resistance R 11, R15, capacitor C 6, C7 form and triode Q2, Q3, Q6 form promotes circuit, the pwm signal end connects with the base stage of triode Q6 by resistance R 34, the collector electrode of triode connects with the base stage of triode Q2, Q3 by resistance R 17, the emitter of triode Q2 connects with the drain electrode of MOSFET pipe U1A, and the collector electrode of triode Q3 connects bleeder circuit.The effect of bleeder circuit is to protect MOSFET U1A Vgs voltage to be no more than maximum and to cause damage.Because the MCU that selects has the PWM function, can send the PWM square wave of about 150KHz frequency, therefore after hardware port scanning to the periphery, normal as all, 13PIN by MCU sends pwm signal, drives MOSFET pipe UIA as switch by triode, at cell voltage for reaching before the constant pressure point, the charging of employing current constant mode promptly adopts the constant voltage mode to charge after reaching.
16PIN, the 18PIN of the current feedback input of little processing controls chip MCU connect with current sample amplifying circuit and resistive short protective circuit respectively; the two ends that are arranged on current sense resistor R28, R10 on the charge circuit connect with the positive-negative input end of differential amplifier U2A, U2B, and the output of differential amplifier U2A, U2B is connected to 18PIN, the 16PIN of MCU after resistance capacitance filtering.16PIN, the 18PIN of the feedback input of MCU are respectively by diode D5, D6 ground connection.
In the normal state, by amplifier the voltage difference at R28 two ends is amplified and to feed back to MCU then, thereby the duty ratio that MCU adjusts the positive pulsewidth of PWM according to value of feedback realizes constant current; If the R28 short circuit, the detected current feedback value of the 18PIN of MCU is 0, and normal condition MCU strengthens the positive duty ratio that 13PIN sends PWM at once, but sustained short-circuit, value of feedback is always 0, and fault then can't be realized constant current.The 18PIN of the feedback input of MCU is by diode D6 ground connection, for preventing that voltage from surpassing 5V damage MCU and establishing.
Added another current sense resistor R10 at the battery anode equally, to realize detection to the R28 short circuit.When MCU continues to increase positive duty ratio that 13PIN sends PWM and attempts to allow the current feedback value reach predetermined value, the electric current that flows through from R10 also can increase, amplifier is amplified the electric current that flows through R10 and is fed back to MCU, when the 16PIN of MCU detects the electric current that flows through R10 and surpasses predetermined value, just stop charging and report to the police.In like manner, the 16PIN of the feedback of MCU input is by diode D5 ground connection, also is in order to prevent that voltage from surpassing 5V and damaging MCU and establish.
The utility model Charge Management circuit is provided with the cell voltage protective circuit between the anode of rechargeable battery and ground; include divider resistance R3 and R27; be connected with MOSFET pipe Q1 on its dividing potential drop branch road; the drain electrode of MOSFET pipe Q1 connects with charge power supply by resistance; divider resistance R27 is in parallel with filter capacitor C5 and voltage stabilizing didoe D4, and its dividing potential drop output VBAT is connected to the 17PIN of MCU.
Divider resistance R3 that inserts between rechargeable battery anode and ground and R2 ground voltage ratio are chosen as 1.8: 1, precision is 1%, MOSFET set in this branch road manages Q1, it is excessive to its role is to prevent that under uncharged situation battery causes from power consumption by R3, R27 discharge, only just can make this loop conducting when charge power supply is connected the Q1 conducting.C5 is a filter capacitor, and D4 is a voltage stabilizing didoe.According to the dividing potential drop relation, the voltage that the 17PIN VBAT end of MCU records is 1/2.8 of actual input voltage, the minimum value and the maximum of definite normal battery voltage in software according to actual conditions and error, and breaking bounds promptly, horse back stops charging and reports to the police; If the C5 short circuit, then the MCU detected value is 0, also stops charging and warning.D4 is in order to prevent that voltage from surpassing 5V and damaging MCU and establish.
The battery reverse connecting protection is that the output port at the Charge Management circuit is provided with a diode D2 who prevents the battery reversal connection; if battery reversal connection; then battery forms the loop by D2; because the loop does not almost have load; the protection module of battery itself is protected because of the discharge overcurrent, thereby has realized the purpose of reverse connecting protection.
To fill protection be also to be provided with one at rechargeable battery B+/B-end to prevent power brick by the anti-diode D1 that fills and battery is counter, if battery is reversed charging under special circumstances, thereby then electric current forms the loop by D1 battery is protected.
The rechargeable battery abnormal protection, be full of battery and insert identification protecting and realize by the management circuit program:
When rechargeable battery inserts, as cell voltage in normal scope, management circuit can be write down the voltage of battery this moment, charge after one hour, the cell voltage Δ V that should should raise mutually under the normal condition, according to the capacity of battery, charging current size measured data determine the size of Δ V, if charging after one hour cell voltage do not rise, think that then battery is unusual, management circuit stops charging and reports to the police.
When rechargeable battery inserts; if cell voltage is not in normal scope the time; in order to prevent reason protective circuit cutoff circuit such as to put because of crossing; the circuit that the 7PIN of described MCU forms by triode Q5, Q7 connects the composition active circuit that charges with the protection module between battery positive and negative terminal B+, B-; if battery is because overcurrent, cross and reason such as to put, MCU 7PIN output high level activates.
MCU 7PIN output high level then can be opened a little electric current deexcitation protection module, postpones to turn-off after a period of time, detects battery again;, in normal range (NR), then think and activated battery as if cell voltage, otherwise; then might not have battery or battery is undesired, promptly stop charging and report to the police.
When rechargeable battery inserts, if the voltage of two batteries surpasses 8.20V, think that then battery is in full state, in this case, can shorten life-span of battery to the battery frequent charge, therefore, management circuit will not charge to the battery that is higher than 8.20V.
Little processing controls chip MCU also connects with temperature sensing circuit, and the 14PIN of MCU forms a temperature sensing circuit by R39, NTC resistance R 20 and filter capacitor C9, and thermistor R20 and filter capacitor C9 are positioned at power brick.MCU constantly scans 14PIN Temperature Feedback value, stops charging when temperature rises to certain value.
Form one at the 10PIN of MCU by resistance R 14, R19, R18, R13 and triode Q4, MOSFET U1B and prevent reverse circuit.When charging was finished or made mistakes, the 10PIN output low level was ended U1B, and power supply causes very big consumable to MCU thereby prevent cell voltage to feed back to the charging end.
Present embodiment designs for example with two joint rechargeable batteries, and in the practical application, the charging of a few joint polyphone of rechargeable battery can be adjusted at any time.
The utility model can also be realized precharge, grading current charging.When battery inserts, if MCU record two batteries voltage less than 6.8V, this moment battery be in the darker state of degree of discharge, in order to reduce the impact of large current charge, battery is charged with the little electric current of 400mA to battery, this process is called precharge.After cell voltage was higher than 6.8V, the pwm signal of the 13PIN of MCU was widened certain interval every 3～5 seconds, and electric current was then widened 30～50mA accordingly and risen to 1.2A until electric current this moment, was referred to as the grading current charging.Do being similar to soft start like this, purpose also is in order to reduce impact and the infringement of unexpected big electric current to battery, to extend the life of a cell.
The course of work of whole charging control circuit is referring to Fig. 2:
The Charge Management circuit connects goes up rechargeable battery, judges at first whether charge condition is normal, and whether detect charge power supply then normal, undesired then warning; Enter rechargeable battery trace routine and temperature detection program again, undesired then warning normally then begins charging, enter the constant current constant voltage trace routine: whether judge the VBT terminal voltage greater than 6.8V earlier, not, then carry out the trickle charge process, be, then carry out constant current charge, judge during constant current charge that whether the VBT terminal voltage is greater than 8.3V, be, then carrying out the constant voltage charge process, whether judge electric current I in the constant voltage charge process less than 150mA, is the end of then charging, otherwise, just detect again and continue to finish charging process.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of lithium cell charging managing line, comprise charge power supply and rechargeable battery, be connected with the Charge Management circuit between charge power supply and rechargeable battery, it is characterized in that: the Charge Management circuit includes little processing controls chip MCU, and the pin of MCU connects with constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit; The pin of MCU connects with abnormity protection circuit and charge power supply by power supply monitoring; The MCU pin also connects with the rechargeable battery anode, also is provided with battery voltage detection circuit between the anode of rechargeable battery and the ground; Described Charge Management circuit also includes rechargeable battery reversal connection, anti-protection and the rechargeable battery abnormity protection circuit of filling.
2, lithium cell charging managing line according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described little processing controls chip MCU has the PWM function, the constant-current and constant-voltage control circuit that the pwm signal end of the 13PIN of MCU connects comprises MOSFET pipe U1A and resistance R 11, R15, capacitor C 6, bleeder circuit and triode Q2 that C7 forms, Q3, the all-wave that Q6 forms promotes circuit, the pwm signal end connects with the base stage of triode Q6 by resistance R 34, the collector electrode of triode is by resistance R 17 and triode Q2, the base stage of Q3 connects, the emitter of triode Q2 connects with the drain electrode of MOSFET pipe UIA, and the collector electrode of triode Q3 connects bleeder circuit.
3, lithium cell charging managing line according to claim 2; it is characterized in that: 16PIN, the 18PIN of the current feedback input of described little processing controls chip MCU connect with current sample amplifying circuit, sampling resistor short-circuit protection circuit respectively; the two ends that are arranged on current sense resistor R28, R10 on the charge circuit connect with the positive-negative input end of differential amplifier U2A, U2B, and the output of differential amplifier U2A, U2B is connected to 18PIN, the 16PIN of MCU after resistance capacitance filtering.
4, lithium cell charging managing line according to claim 3 is characterized in that: 16PIN, the 18PIN of the feedback input of described little processing controls chip MCU are respectively by voltage stabilizing didoe D5, D6 ground connection.
5, lithium cell charging managing line according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the 19PIN of described MCU connects with the dividing potential drop branch road of resistance R 43, R44, wherein also is parallel with on the road of dividing potential drop and filter capacitor C12 and voltage stabilizing didoe D7.
6, lithium cell charging managing line according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the battery voltage detection circuit that is provided with between the anode of described rechargeable battery and the ground includes divider resistance R3 and R27, be connected with MOSFET pipe Q1 on its dividing potential drop branch road, the drain electrode of MOSFET pipe Q1 connects with charge power supply by resistance, divider resistance R27 is in parallel with filter capacitor C5 and voltage stabilizing didoe D4, and its dividing potential drop output VBAT is connected to the 17PIN of MCU.
7, lithium cell charging managing line according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the output port at the Charge Management circuit is provided with a diode D2 who prevents the battery reversal connection, and rechargeable battery bag B+/B-end also is provided with one and prevents the anti-diode D1 that fills of power brick.
8, lithium cell charging managing line according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: little processing controls chip MCU also connects with temperature sensing circuit, the 14PIN of MCU forms a temperature sensing circuit by R39, NTC resistance R 20 and filter capacitor C9, and thermistor R20 and filter capacitor C9 are positioned at power brick.
9, lithium cell charging managing line according to claim 1 is characterized in that: form one at the 10PIN of MCU by resistance R 14, R19, R18, R13 and triode Q4, MOSFET U1B and prevent reverse circuit.When charging was finished or made mistakes, the 10PIN output low level was ended U1B, and power supply causes very big consumable to MCU thereby prevent cell voltage to feed back to the charging end.
10, lithium cell charging managing line according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the circuit that the 7PIN of described MCU forms by triode Q5, Q7 connects the composition active circuit that charges with the protection module between battery positive and negative terminal B+, B-.
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| CN 200620053805 CN2877107Y (en) | 2006-01-11 | 2006-01-11 | Lithium battery charging managing circuit |
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| CN101640404A (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-02-03 | 上海闻泰电子科技有限公司 | Mobile phone charging protection circuit |
| CN101325341B (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2010-09-01 | 东莞首资宝电器制造有限公司 | Mobile phone charger with USB plug |
| CN101834457A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-15 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Lithium battery management system |
| CN101272060B (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2010-12-22 | 雅马哈发动机株式会社 | Charger for storage battery |
| CN101598287B (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-02-09 | 佛山市智邦电子科技有限公司 | Fire-fighting emergency light |
| CN102545289A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 广东易事特电源股份有限公司 | Driving circuit of switch unit of reverse-connection preventing protection circuit for solar battery |
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| CN102946093A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-02-27 | 谢亚平 | Short-circuit protection circuit of lithium battery |
| CN103078369A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-05-01 | 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司 | Insufficient voltage activating device for lithium battery |
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| CN101325341B (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2010-09-01 | 东莞首资宝电器制造有限公司 | Mobile phone charger with USB plug |
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| CN102946093A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-02-27 | 谢亚平 | Short-circuit protection circuit of lithium battery |
| CN103078369A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-05-01 | 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司 | Insufficient voltage activating device for lithium battery |
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