Background technology
Because semiconductor fabrication process, the cost of low-voltage device is lower than traditional 5V device, performance is more excellent, power consumption is littler, and therefore, the application of low-voltage device more and more widely.Typical low device voltage value is 3.3V, and this numerical value is almost near the voltage that provides of common batteries.Therefore, for not only having the power supply power supply but also existing for the battery powered real time clock circuit RTC, power supply supply power voltage and the less phenomenon of powered battery voltage phase difference will appear.
Real time clock circuit RTC's is of a great variety, generally includes main power source, reserve battery and real-time timepiece chip.Wherein, each pin definitions of real-time timepiece chip is not quite similar, but consistent is all to have power supply power supply input and powered battery input, real-time timepiece chip is battery-powered when system cut-off, compare the magnitude of voltage of power supply power supply input and powered battery input during energising, choose magnitude of voltage the higher person and power.
Real-time timepiece chip passes through certain interface (as I
2C interface) link to each other with ppu, processor conducts interviews to it: the reading of the correction of time and data.Therefore real-time timepiece chip has two states: accessed state and non-Access status.Generally speaking, when being powered by power supply, real-time timepiece chip allows processor that it is normally visited; When battery-powered, reduce to minimum for making battery current, and avoid data destroyed, system can forbid communicating by letter between real-time timepiece chip and the ppu, and in other words, the function of real-time timepiece chip can be limited during powered battery.
Main power source is generally more stable, but also has fluctuation to a certain degree once in a while; Simultaneously, the dynamic range of cell voltage in life cycle is bigger, and the voltage of new battery is high more a lot of than nominal voltage probably, and is lower than nominal voltage latter stage probably at battery life.Therefore occur real-time timepiece chip easily and be under the "on" position, the magnitude of voltage of power supply power supply input is less than the magnitude of voltage of powered battery input, and then powered battery can be selected by system.But because real-time timepiece chip can be forbidden the visit of processor when being in powered battery, therefore,, will be under an embargo, and then can't finish normal visit real-time timepiece chip if this moment, processor need conduct interviews to real-time timepiece chip.
For avoiding above-mentioned situation to take place, present a kind of technical scheme as shown in Figure 1.Powered battery input (V at real-time timepiece chip
BAT) with battery 13 between one or two diode of connecting come step-down, as battery 13 overtensions or main power source V
CCWhen voltage fluctuates, make battery 13 voltages deduct the V that the pressure drop on the diode obtains downwards
BATThe point voltage value is lower than V
CC, the system that guarantees thus is under "on" position, and chip adopts power supply V
CCPower supply is to avoid occurring the processor problem limited to its visit.
But technique scheme needs the dynamic range of prior estimating battery voltage and supply voltage, and then selects the diode with suitable forward conduction voltage drop for use.But it is, be difficult to select the diode of appropriate pressure drop, so the validity of this kind technical scheme is relatively poor, and unstable because the dynamic range of battery and power supply intrinsic discreteness, particularly battery and power supply has when overlapping.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of real time clock circuit, to solve the existing relatively poor technical problem of battery-powered scheme validity when preventing that by buck diode real-time timepiece chip is accessed.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of real time clock circuit, comprise real-time timepiece chip and for the main power source of its power supply and reserve battery, also comprise the divider resistance that is series in the reserve battery branch road, and the switching circuit that is parallel to the reserve battery branch road.
Preferably, described switching circuit comprises the controlled switch that links to each other with reference level.
Preferably, described switching circuit also comprises the current-limiting resistor voltage divider that is connected between controlled switch and the reference level.
Described controlled switch is simulant electronic switch, relay or the logical device with switching function.
Preferably, described switching circuit comprises triode and the current-limiting resistor voltage divider that links to each other with controlled control end.
The base stage of described triode is connected in control end by current-limiting resistor voltage divider, and emitter-base bandgap grading is connected in reference level, and collector electrode is connected in the powered battery input of real-time timepiece chip.
The base stage of described triode is connected in main power source by current-limiting resistor voltage divider, and emitter-base bandgap grading is connected in control end, and collector electrode is connected in the powered battery input of real-time timepiece chip.
Described control end is the input and output pin of processor that real-time timepiece chip is conducted interviews.
A kind of real time clock circuit comprises real-time timepiece chip and is the main power source of its power supply and reserve battery, also comprises the controlled switch that is series in the reserve battery branch road.
Described controlled switch is simulant electronic switch, relay or the logical device with switching function.
Above technical scheme as can be seen, in the utility model, by serial or parallel connection switching circuit on the reserve battery branch road in real time clock circuit, make when system's power supply and real-time timepiece chip are accessed, force to put low the voltage of powered battery input or disconnection fully, and then the voltage that guarantees power supply power supply input is higher than the voltage of powered battery input, avoid occurring the battery-powered situation of external reference real-time timepiece chip, thereby guarantee outside normal visit real-time timepiece chip.
Embodiment
Core concept of the present utility model is that connection controlled switch circuit on the reserve battery branch road, and then the powered battery input terminal voltage of control real-time timepiece chip make it when chip is accessed, are lower than the voltage of power supply power supply input all the time.
The utility model discloses a kind of real time clock circuit, comprise real-time timepiece chip, be the main power source of its power supply, reserve battery, and be series at the divider resistance in the reserve battery branch road and be parallel to the switching circuit of reserve battery branch road.
See also Fig. 2, it is the disclosed real time clock circuit first embodiment schematic diagram of the utility model.Real time clock circuit comprises real-time timepiece chip 11, main power source V
CC, reserve battery 13, divider resistance R2 and switching circuit 14.Divider resistance R2 is series in reserve battery 13 branch roads, promptly is connected in the positive pole of reserve battery 13 and the powered battery input V of real-time timepiece chip 11
BATBetween.Switching circuit 14 is parallel to reserve battery 13 branch roads, comprises controlled switch S2 and current-limiting resistor voltage divider R3.
Controlled switch S2 one end is connected in powered battery input V
BAT(also being the end of resistance R 2 away from reserve battery 13 simultaneously), the other end links to each other with reference level by current-limiting resistor voltage divider R3.Controlled switch S2 can be controlled normal open switch or single-pole double throw (SPDT) switch, if normal open switch, when the closure signal of control end 15 arrives, controlled switch S2 closure; When closure signal disappeared, controlled switch S2 recovered normally open.If single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is the same with the use principle of normal open switch, just its other one group of closed mode need not or be used for other purposes according to concrete circuit needs.No matter be normal open switch or single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), they can have multiple way of realization in the specific implementation, such as simulant electronic switch (as ADG433, DG442 etc.), relay or have logical device of switching function etc.
Control end 15 can be the input and output IO pin of processor that real-time timepiece chip 11 is conducted interviews, promptly directly by the processor of visit real-time timepiece chip 11 controlled switch S2 is controlled.The resistance R 3 main dividing potential drop metering functions that rise in actual applications, also can not be provided with resistance R 3, a direct termination reference level with controlled switch S2.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 2, introduce the operation principle of present embodiment in detail.
When system is in off-position, i.e. main power source V
CCDo not power, controlled switch S2 is in normally open, obviously the power supply of real-time timepiece chip 11 power supply input V
DDVoltage is lower than powered battery input V
BATVoltage, and then the comparison circuit of real-time timepiece chip 11 inside can select magnitude of voltage the higher person, promptly reserve battery is to real-time timepiece chip 11 power supplies.
When system is in power supply state and during at non-visit real-time timepiece chip 11, controlled switch S2 also is in normally open, this moment real-time timepiece chip power supply by power supply power supply input V
DDWith powered battery input V
BATVoltage swing determine.If V
DDMain power source V is selected in the point voltage higher position
CCIf power supply is V
BATReserve battery 13 power supplies are selected in the point voltage higher position, because this moment, ppu was not visited real-time timepiece chip 11, thereby can not relate to the reserve battery power supply and cause visiting limited problem.
When system is in power supply state and in visit during real-time timepiece chip 11, the closure signal by control end 15 carryings makes controlled switch S2 closure, and then V
BATPoint voltage is forced to put low, i.e. V
BATThe point voltage value is lower than V
DDThe point voltage value, real-time timepiece chip 11 is by main power source V
CCPower supply.Hence one can see that, by switching circuit 14 being set with V
BATThe point voltage value is forced to put low, when guaranteeing that real-time timepiece chip 11 is accessed, all the time by main power source V
CCPower supply, thus the limited problem of external reference real-time timepiece chip possibility avoided.
See also Fig. 3, it is the disclosed real time clock circuit second embodiment schematic diagram of the utility model.Real time clock circuit comprises real-time timepiece chip 11, main power source V
CC, reserve battery 13, divider resistance R2 and switching circuit 24.Divider resistance R2 is series in reserve battery 13 branch roads, promptly is connected in the positive pole of reserve battery 13 and the powered battery input V of real-time timepiece chip 11
BATBetween.Switching circuit 24 is parallel to reserve battery 13 branch roads, comprises triode 26 and current-limiting resistor voltage divider R5.
The collector electrode of triode 26 is connected in powered battery input V
BAT(also being the end of resistance R 2 simultaneously) away from reserve battery 13, base stage links to each other with control end 15 by current-limiting resistor voltage divider R5, and emitter-base bandgap grading links to each other with reference level.Control end 15 can be the input and output IO pin of processor that real-time timepiece chip 11 is conducted interviews, promptly directly by the processor of visit real-time timepiece chip 11 triode 26 is controlled.The effect of resistance R 5 is dividing potential drop current limlitings.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 3, introduce the operation principle of present embodiment in detail.
When system is in off-position, i.e. main power source V
CCDo not power, control end 15 is a low level, and then the base current I of triode 26
BBe zero, triode works in cut-off state.The powered battery input V of real-time timepiece chip 11
BATVoltage is higher than power supply power supply input V
DDVoltage is so real-time timepiece chip 11 is by reserve battery 13 power supplies.
When system is in power supply state and when visiting real-time timepiece chip 11, puts height by the signal of control end 15, make triode 26 work in the saturation conduction state, and then V
BATPoint voltage is forced to drag down, and equals the saturation conduction pressure drop (silicon triode is about 0.4V) of triode 26 substantially, so real-time timepiece chip 11 is by main power source V
CCPower supply.Hence one can see that, by switching circuit 24 being set with V
BATThe point voltage value is forced to put low, when guaranteeing that real-time timepiece chip 11 is accessed, all the time by main power source V
CCPower supply, thus the limited problem of external reference real-time timepiece chip possibility avoided.
When system is in power supply state and during at non-visit real-time timepiece chip 11, the signal zero setting by control end 15 or unsettled makes triode 26 be operated in cut-off state, and this moment, real-time timepiece chip was by power supply power supply input V
DDWith powered battery input V
BATVoltage swing determine.If V
DDMain power source V is selected in the point voltage higher position
CCIf power supply is V
BATReserve battery 13 power supplies are selected in the point voltage higher position, because this moment, ppu was not visited real-time timepiece chip 11, thereby can not relate to the reserve battery power supply and cause visiting limited problem.
In addition, the triode shown in Fig. 3 is a positive-negative-positive, can also use the triode of NPN type in the practical application.
See also Fig. 4, it is disclosed real time clock circuit the 3rd embodiment schematic diagram of the utility model.Real time clock circuit comprises real-time timepiece chip 11, main power source V
CC, reserve battery 13, divider resistance R2 and switching circuit 34.Divider resistance R2 is series in reserve battery 13 branch roads, promptly is connected in the positive pole of reserve battery 13 and the powered battery input V of real-time timepiece chip 11
BATBetween.Switching circuit 34 is parallel to reserve battery 13 branch roads, comprises triode 26 and current-limiting resistor voltage divider R5.
The collector electrode of triode 26 is connected in powered battery input V
BAT(also being the end of resistance R 2 away from reserve battery 13 simultaneously), base stage is by current-limiting resistor voltage divider R5 and main power source V
CCLink to each other, emitter-base bandgap grading links to each other with control end 15.Control end 15 can be the input and output IO pin of processor that real-time timepiece chip 11 is conducted interviews, promptly directly by the processor of visit real-time timepiece chip 11 triode 26 is controlled.Resistance R 5 main roles are dividing potential drop current limlitings.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 4, introduce the operation principle of present embodiment in detail.
When system is in off-position, i.e. main power source V
CCDo not power the base current I of triode 26
BBe zero, and then triode work in cut-off state.The powered battery input V of real-time timepiece chip 11
BATVoltage is higher than power supply power supply input V
DDVoltage, and then real-time timepiece chip 11 is by reserve battery 13 power supplies.
When system is in power supply state and in visit during real-time timepiece chip 11, the signal of control end 15 is put low, triode 26 works in the saturation conduction state, and then V
BATPoint voltage is forced to drag down, and equals the saturation conduction pressure drop (silicon triode is about 0.4V) of triode 26 substantially, so real-time timepiece chip 11 is by main power source V
CCPower supply.Hence one can see that, by switching circuit 24 being set with V
BATThe point voltage value is forced to put low, when guaranteeing that real-time timepiece chip 11 is accessed, all the time by main power source V
CCPower supply, thus the limited problem of external reference real-time timepiece chip possibility avoided.
When system is in power supply state and during at non-visit real-time timepiece chip 11, puts height by the signal of control end 15, make triode 26 be operated in cut-off state, this moment, real-time timepiece chip was by power supply power supply input V
DDWith powered battery input V
BATVoltage swing determine, if V
DDMain power source V is selected in the point voltage higher position
CCIf power supply is V
BATReserve battery 13 power supplies are selected in the point voltage higher position, because this moment, ppu was not visited real-time timepiece chip 11, thereby can not relate to the reserve battery power supply and cause visiting limited problem.
In addition, the triode among Fig. 4 both can be a positive-negative-positive, also can be the NPN type.
Preferably, the penetrating current I of triode among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
CEOAnd collection-Ji reverse saturation current I
CBOAs far as possible little, make I
CBOAnd I
CBOElectric current is much smaller than V
BATAbsorption current, thereby prolong useful life of battery.I
CEOAnd I
CBOThe pass be I
CEO=I
CBO+ β * I
CBO, wherein β is the common-emitter current gain of triode, the β value is generally 20~200, thereby can only consider I at this
CEOAnd do not consider I
CBOInfluence.The I of small-power transistor
CEOHave less than 50nA series, and the V of RTC chip
BATThe end absorption current is generally 200~400nA, like this I
CEOElectric current can be ignored the influence in battery useful life, because I
CEOMaximum be known, so also can easily calculate the useful life of battery.
The invention also discloses a kind of real time clock circuit, comprise real-time timepiece chip, be the main power source of its power supply, reserve battery, and be series at the controlled switch in the reserve battery branch road.
See also Fig. 5, it is disclosed real time clock circuit the 4th embodiment schematic diagram of the utility model.Real time clock circuit comprises real-time timepiece chip 11, main power source V
CC, reserve battery 13 and controlled switch S1.
Controlled switch S1 is connected in reserve battery 13 Anode and batteries power supply input V
BATBetween.Controlled switch S1 can be controlled normally closed switch or single-pole double throw (SPDT) switch.If normally closed switch, when the cut-off signal of control end 15 arrived, controlled switch S1 disconnected; When cut-off signal disappeared, controlled switch S1 recovered normally off.If single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is the same with the use principle of normally closed switch, just its other one group of closed mode need not or be used for other purposes according to concrete circuit needs.No matter be normal open switch or single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), they can have multiple way of realization in the specific implementation, such as simulant electronic switch, relay or have the logical device of switching function.
Control end 15 can be the IO pin of processor that real-time timepiece chip 11 is conducted interviews, promptly directly by the processor of visit real-time timepiece chip 11 controlled switch S2 is controlled.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 5, introduce the operation principle of present embodiment in detail.
When system was in off-position, controlled switch S1 was in normally off, and real-time timepiece chip is powered by reserve battery; When system was in power supply state, the control signal by control end 15 disconnected controlled switch S1, and real-time timepiece chip is by main power source V
CCPower supply.Hence one can see that: by series connection controlled switch S1 on the reserve battery branch road, when making system be in power supply state, force to disconnect the reserve battery branch road, when guaranteeing that real-time timepiece chip 11 is accessed, all the time by main power source V
CCPower supply, thus the limited problem of external reference real-time timepiece chip possibility avoided.
Above-mentioned disclosed only be several specific embodiment of the present utility model, but the utility model is not limited thereto.The variation that any those skilled in the art can think all should drop in the protection range of the present utility model.In sum, this description should not be construed as restriction of the present utility model.