CN2720902Y

CN2720902Y - Four-column rack with adjustable layer height

Info

Publication number: CN2720902Y
Application number: CN 200420053549
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邱炳顺
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-08-31
Filing date: 2004-08-31
Publication date: 2005-08-31
Anticipated expiration: 2014-08-31

Abstract

The utility model discloses a four-column rack with adjustable layer height, comprising four columns, an apical plate, a plurality of laminates and connecting fitting used for fixing. The column distributes in four corners, the four corners of the laminates are provided with connecting sleeves, the lower part of the connecting sleeve is provided with a flared port, the laminates are connected with the sliding bush of the column via the connecting sleeve, an O-type circle is arranged between the lower part of the connecting sleeve and the outer wall of the column, and the O-type circle is clamped between the outer wall of the column and the oblique plane of the flared port of the connecting sleeve. Owing to adopting the elastic O-type circle as a fastener among the laminates and the column, the apical plate and the column, the connecting fitting and the column, the fixation among the components is realized via pressing the elastic O-type circle, the rack can be made to have convenient disassembly and assembly and portable structure, each component doesn't need to be provided with locking holes, locking heads and screws, the machining difficulty of the components is reduced, the manufacturing cost is decreased, and meanwhile, the reliable connection among the laminates and the column, the apical plate and the column, the connecting fitting and the column can be guaranteed.

Description

A kind of four column racks of adjustable floor height

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of rack that is used for stacked items, particularly relates to a kind of four column racks of adjustable floor height.

Background technology

But rack is a kind of shelf of multi-layer stacking article, because it generally is provided with multilayer, both be convenient to put article more and do not taken too big ground space, can be convenient to the searching of article again, so it is widely used in the storage technique field, as placing the shelf of commodity in our the common supermarket, stack material in the enterprise warehouse, parts, the shelf of articles for use such as instrument etc., it also is widely used in the office of family room or unit simultaneously, as stack daily necessities and office appliance or the like, and along with the fast development of Chinese national economy, the significantly raising of living standards of the people, the prosperity of logistics particularly makes that the demand to rack also is more and more.The rack of prior art includes some column, between column, be overlapped with crossbeam and longeron, on the framework upper berth that crossbeam and longeron surrounded laminate is housed, can be used for putting article on the laminate, its layering of the rack of this structure mainly is to have utilized the layering of crossbeam and longeron to realize, crossbeam, common employing lock solid structure realizes fixed relationship each other between longeron and the column, mainly contain two kinds of modes at present, a kind of is to adopt the screw locking, another kind is to adopt the locking of pegging graft, no matter be the former or the latter, all need be at crossbeam, longeron or column are provided with the interlocking hole, this crossbeam, the connecting relation of longeron and column is not easy to regulate floor height on the one hand, because after the interlocking hole is fixing, the floor height of its each layer also is fixed, and the article that people stack are unfixing, the size of article often also changes, when needs are stacked the article of higher size, original floor height just can not use, when needs are stacked the article of smaller szie, original floor height just causes waste, and this just greatly reduces the applicability of rack; Be that dismounting is inconvenient or overlap joint is not firm on the other hand, when pine is crossed in the cooperation of lock solid structure, cause shelf to rock easily, when the cooperation tension of lock solid structure, be not easy to installation and removal.

The utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, provides a kind of demolition, installation convenient, and floor height is regulated arbitrarily, overlap joint is firm, firm, with low cost and four column racks that structure is light.

The technical scheme that its technical problem that solves the utility model adopts is: a kind of four column racks of adjustable floor height, it comprises the column, top board of four hollows and some laminate, column is four jiaos of distributions, and four jiaos of laminate respectively are provided with a through hole, are equipped with adapter sleeve in the through hole; The bottom of adapter sleeve is provided with horn-like port, and laminate joins with corresponding column sliding sleeve by the adapter sleeve that is secured to four jiaos; Pad is provided with O type circle between the outer wall of adapter sleeve bottom and column, and the holding of O type circle is between the bell-mouthed inclined-plane of column outer wall and adapter sleeve; The bottom of top board respectively is provided with a shrinkage pool for four jiaos, is equipped with a joint pin in the shrinkage pool, and joint pin overcoat one O type circle also is set on the inwall on corresponding column top, and O type circle is clamped between joint pin outer wall and the column inwall.

The upper end of described adapter sleeve is provided with annular lip, and the bottom outer wall is provided with step, and its annular lip leans mutually with the upper surface of laminate, and it is got out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation and leans mutually with the lower surface of laminate.

The bottom outer wall of described adapter sleeve is provided with annular slope, and the wall body of adapter sleeve upwards evenly is provided with some openings by the bottom.

The outer wall equal intervals of described column is provided with recessed road, some ring-like location.

Spacing etc. is not provided with recessed road, some ring-like location in ground on the outer wall of described column.

Described O type circle is that rigidity or elastomeric material constitute.

Described O type circle is a rubber ring.

Also be connected with connector between the described column, described connector comprise between two root posts of left side affixed first connector, between two root posts of right side affixed second connector, between two root posts of rear portion affixed the 3rd connector.

Described first connector, second connector, the 3rd connector are contained between two laminates of bottommost.

Described first connector and/or second connector and/or the 3rd connector comprise four fixed covers and the O type circle that matches with fixed cover and are connected in four X type bars between the fixed cover, the top of each fixed cover is equipped with the closing in that narrows gradually, the upper and lower fixed cover of homonymy slides over the outer wall of same column bottom, pad is provided with O type circle between the outer wall of each fixed cover top closing in and column, and the holding of O type circle is between the inclined-plane of column outer wall and fixed cover closing in.

Also be connected with the reinforcement montant between the upper and lower fixed cover of described homonymy.

On described two between the fixed cover or also comprise between twice fixed covers and also can be connected with the reinforcement cross bar.

Also can be connected with left and right side plate and back plate between the described two-ply, the upper and lower edge of back plate is connected between the back end edge of two-ply; The upper and lower edge of left plate is connected between the left end limit of two-ply; The upper and lower edge of right plate is connected between the right-hand member limit of two-ply; Be provided with the left and right door-plate that to open/close between the front end edge of two-ply.

During assembling, connection is nested is pressed on the laminate earlier, and certainly, laminate can be a plank, also can be sheet materials such as glass plate, or plastic plate, steel plate; Four jiaos at laminate respectively are provided with a through hole, adapter sleeve is embedded in the through hole, during embedding, the formed elasticity hypertonic of opening of utilizing the adapter sleeve bottom with and the annular slope that is provided with of bottom outer wall, the bottom of adapter sleeve can be embedded to the through hole of laminate, in the time of at the bottom of the hole is exposed in the bottom that is embedded to adapter sleeve, the formed elasticity of opening is opened getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation of adapter sleeve is leaned mutually with the lower surface of laminate, and the annular lip on adapter sleeve top leans mutually with the upper surface of laminate simultaneously; So far, whole adapter sleeve is fixed in the through hole of laminate.

After each adapter sleeve is embedded in the through hole of each laminate correspondence, the column of just can successively laminate being packed into, column will be earlier distributes by the position, four jiaos of holes of laminate, four O type circles are inserted in four root posts respectively, and O type circle is on the bottom correspondence position of column, four adapter sleeves of piece layer plate are aimed at corresponding column respectively to be inserted in, this laminate is moved down, when the adapter sleeve of laminate is displaced downwardly to the O type circle position of matching with it, the bell-mouthed inclined-plane of adapter sleeve bottom is extruding O type circle downwards, this extruding force can be broken down into herein along bevel direction with perpendicular to two power on inclined-plane, power perpendicular to the inclined-plane will produce extruding to O type circle, friction between O type circle and the column outer wall is increased greatly, cause O type circle to roll downwards, at this moment O type circle has formed bigger obstruction to adapter sleeve to lower slider, adapter sleeve can't be moved down again, then adapter sleeve is positioned in the corresponding position of column, after adapter sleeve is positioned, its laminate also is positioned, in this way can with each layer by layer plate successively be inserted in column.

Be inserted in one deck laminate of the end in four root posts after, three connectors of packing into earlier then overlap other laminate again; Connector comprises four fixed covers and the O type circle that matches with fixed cover and is connected in four X type bars between the fixed cover; Four fixed covers of this moment adopt the weldering mode to be linked together by X type bar, when being inserted in two columns, earlier two O type circles are inserted in two columns respectively and are rolled to corresponding position, then two following fixed covers are inserted in two columns from top to bottom respectively, then other two O type circles are inserted in two columns more respectively, then go up fixed cover and be inserted in two columns respectively two, after finishing, with after the two O type circles that are inserted in together move down with four fixed covers that link together by X type bar, and the two O type circles that are inserted in after making arrive adaptive position, at last, four fixed covers are moved to the position of corresponding O type circle respectively, make between inclined-plane that fixed cover top closes up and the O type circle and form the holding effect, owing to four fixed covers are positioned in the bottom position of two columns, the X type bar between them has played the connection of two columns and the effect of supporting ﹠ stablizing; Adopt the structure of this four fixed covers, between the upper and lower fixed cover of the same side, also can be connected with the reinforcement montant, so as not to fixed cover when being inserted in column its X type bar that joins produce distortion; Can also with the connection between further enhancing two columns, prevent the distortion of X type bar being connected with the reinforcement cross bar again between the fixed cover between the last fixed cover or under also comprising; First connector can adopt aforesaid way to be fixed between the bottom of two root posts in left side, second connector can adopt aforesaid way to be fixed between the bottom of two root posts on right side, and the 3rd connector can adopt aforesaid way to be fixed between the bottom of two root posts at rear portion.

After having adorned each laminate, top board can be packed at last, when packing into, on the joint pin with four jiaos in O type snare, then joint pin is set on the inwall on corresponding column top earlier, overlaps fashionable in the top board bottom, O type circle can roll between joint pin outer wall and column inwall, and clamps mutually with both.

When regulating floor height, laminate only need move up, removing the adapter sleeve of laminate presses the card of O type circle, just can arrive the position that needs by upper and lower mobile O type circle then, after choosing the position, again with laminate to moving down into O type circle position, make the adapter sleeve of laminate and O type circle form the holding relation again, promptly form fixing of adapter sleeve and column, also promptly formed fixing between laminate and the column.

Why the utility model adopts four root posts only to be to embody the intention of one group of shelf of independent overlap joint, can adopt many root posts when the needs overlap joint shelf how group links to each other, and can form two groups of shelfs that connect together as adopting six roots of sensation column.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are, owing to adopted elasticity O type circle to be used as laminate and column, top board and column, securing member between connector and the column, with compacted realization laminate of elasticity O type circle and column, fixing between top board and column and connector and the column, make the tearing open of whole rack, adorn very convenient, and overall structure is also comparatively light, locking hole and locking head both need not be set on each parts, also need not adopt connectors such as screw, significantly reduce the difficulty of processing of parts and reduced cost of manufacture, also can guarantee laminate and column simultaneously, being connected between top board and column and connector and the column is firm; Owing to adopted the following bell-mouthed adapter sleeve of band to be used as regulating the connector of rack floor height, and fixing of adapter sleeve and column is to utilize the following horn mouth gland of adapter sleeve to realize on O type circle, when adapter sleeve is pressed on the O type circle downwards, the bell-mouthed inclined-plane of adapter sleeve bottom is extruding O type circle downwards, under the force resolution effect, friction between O type circle and the column outer wall increases greatly, cause O type circle to roll downwards, thereby adapter sleeve can't be moved down again, adapter sleeve is positioned in the corresponding position of column, thereby make floor height can be arranged on height arbitrarily, also very convenient simultaneously arbitrarily adjusting again to floor height, and when being placed with article on the laminate, the gravity of article has more increased the holding power of O type circle to adapter sleeve, and it is more firm that adapter sleeve is connected with column, stable; Owing to adopted four fixed covers and X type bar thereof to constitute syndeton between the two root posts bottom, make this syndeton both be convenient to and column is realized demolition, installation, make that again the rack overlap joint is firm, firm.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is described in further detail; But four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height of the present utility model are not limited to embodiment.

Fig. 1 is D structure figure of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is the front view of the utility model laminate;

Fig. 3 is the structural map of adapter sleeve of the present utility model;

Fig. 4 is that the utility model adapter sleeve connects schematic diagram with column;

Fig. 5 is the structural map of the utility model connector;

Fig. 6 is that the utility model connector connects schematic diagram with column;

Fig. 7 is the amplification view of A portion among Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is the organigram of another embodiment of the utility model.

The specific embodiment

Extremely shown in Figure 7 referring to Fig. 1, four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height of the present utility model, it comprises the column 1 of four hollows, top board 7 and three laminate 2, column 1 is four jiaos of distributions, four jiaos of laminate 2 respectively are provided with a through hole, are equipped with adapter sleeve 3 in the through hole; The bottom of adapter sleeve 3 is provided with horn-like port 31, and laminate 2 joins with corresponding column 1 sliding sleeve by the adapter sleeve 3 that is secured to four jiaos; Pad is provided with O type circle 61 between the outer wall of adapter sleeve 3 bottoms and

column

1, and 61 holdings of O type circle are between the inclined-plane of column 1 outer wall and adapter sleeve 3 horn mouths 31; The bottom of top board 7 respectively is provided with a shrinkage pool for four jiaos, is equipped with a joint pin 71 in the shrinkage pool, and joint pin 71 overcoats, one O type circle 63 also is set on the inwall on corresponding column 1 top, and O type circle 63 is clamped between joint pin 71 outer walls and column 1 inwall; Between the bottom of left side two root posts 1, be connected with first connector 41, between the bottom of right side two root posts, be connected with second connector 42, between the bottom of rear portion two root posts, be connected with the 3rd connector 43.

Wherein, the upper end of adapter sleeve 3 is provided with annular lip 32, and the bottom outer wall is provided with step 33, and its annular lip 32 leans mutually with the upper surface of laminate 2, and it is got out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation and 33 leans mutually with the lower surface of laminate 2; The bottom outer wall of adapter sleeve 3 is provided with annular slope 34, and the wall body of adapter sleeve 3 upwards evenly is provided with some openings 35 by the bottom; First connector 41, second connector 42, the 3rd connector 43 are contained between two laminates of bottommost; First connector, second connector, the 3rd connector comprise four fixed covers 51 and the O type circle 62 that matches with fixed cover respectively and are connected in four X type bars 52 between the fixed cover, the top of each fixed cover 51 is equipped with the closing in 511 that narrows gradually, the upper and lower fixed cover 51 of homonymy slides over the outer wall of same column 1 bottom, pad is provided with O type circle 62 between the outer wall of each fixed cover 51 tops closing in 511 and column 1, and 62 holdings of O type circle are between the inclined-plane of column 1 outer wall and fixed cover closing in 511; Be welded with between the upper and lower fixed cover 51 of homonymy and strengthen montant 54; Be placed in to be welded with between the last fixed cover 51 of two columns 1 and strengthen cross bar 53; O type circle 61, O type circle 62, O type circle 63 adopt rubber ring.

During assembling, earlier adapter sleeve 3 embeddings are pressed on the laminate 2, certainly, laminate 2 can be a plank, also can be sheet materials such as glass plate, or plastic plate, steel plate; Four jiaos at laminate 2 respectively are provided with a through hole, adapter sleeve 3 is embedded in the through hole, during embedding, the opening 35 formed elasticity hypertonics of utilizing adapter sleeve 3 bottoms with and the annular slope 34 that is provided with of bottom outer wall, the bottom of adapter sleeve 3 can be embedded to the through hole of laminate 2, in the time of at the bottom of the hole is exposed in the bottom that is embedded to adapter sleeve 3, opening 35 formed elasticity are opened getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation of adapter sleeve 3 are leaned mutually with the lower surface of laminate 2, and the annular lip 32 on adapter sleeve top leans mutually with the upper surface of laminate 2 simultaneously; So far, whole adapter sleeve 3 is fixed in the through hole of laminate 2.

After each adapter sleeve 3 is embedded in the through hole of each laminate 2 correspondence, the column 1 of just can successively laminate 2 being packed into, column 1 will be earlier distributes by the position, four jiaos of holes of laminate 2, four O type circles 61 are inserted in four root posts 1 respectively, and O type circle 61 is on the bottom correspondence position of column 1, four adapter sleeves 3 of piece layer plate 2 are aimed at corresponding column 1 respectively to be inserted in, this laminate 2 is moved down, when the adapter sleeve 3 of laminate 2 is displaced downwardly to O type circle 61 positions of matching with it, the inclined-plane of the horn mouth 31 of adapter sleeve 3 bottoms is extruding O type circle 61 downwards, this extruding force can be broken down into herein along bevel direction with perpendicular to two power on inclined-plane, power perpendicular to the inclined-plane will produce extruding to O type circle 61, friction between O type circle 61 and column 1 outer wall is increased greatly, cause O type circle 61 to roll downwards, at this moment 61 pairs of adapter sleeves 3 of O type circle formed bigger obstruction to lower slider, adapter sleeve 3 can't be moved down again, then adapter sleeve 3 is positioned in the corresponding position of column 1, after adapter sleeve 3 is positioned, its laminate 2 also is positioned, in this way can with each layer by layer plate 2 successively be inserted in four root posts 1.

Be inserted in one deck laminate of the end 2 in four root posts 1 after, three connectors 41,42,43 of packing into earlier then overlap other laminate 2 again; Connector 41,42,43 comprises four fixed covers 51 and the O type circle 62 that matches with fixed cover respectively and is connected in four X type bars 52 between the fixed cover; Four fixed covers 51 of this moment adopt the weldering mode to be linked together by X type bar 52, when being inserted in two columns 1, earlier two O type circles 62 are inserted in two columns 1 respectively and are rolled to corresponding position, then two following fixed covers 51 are inserted in two columns 1 from top to bottom respectively, then other two O type circles 52 are inserted in two columns 1 more respectively, then go up fixed cover 51 and be inserted in two columns 1 respectively two, after finishing, with after the two O type circles 62 that are inserted in and four fixed covers 51 that link together by X type bar together move down, and the two O type circles 62 that are inserted in after making arrive adaptive position, at last, four fixed covers 51 are moved to the position of corresponding O type circle 62 respectively, make the formation holding effect between 511 inclined-plane and the O type circle 62 of closing up of fixed cover 51 tops, because four fixed covers 51 are positioned in the bottom position of two columns 1, the X type bar 52 between them has played the connection of two columns 1 and the effect of supporting ﹠ stablizing; Be connected with between the upper and lower fixed cover 51 of the same side and strengthen montant 54, X type bar 52 produces distortion in the time of can avoiding fixed cover 51 to be inserted in column; Between last fixed cover 51, be connected with and strengthen cross bar 53, can further strengthen the connection between two columns 1, prevent the distortion of X type bar 52.First connector 41 can adopt aforesaid way to be fixed between the bottom of two root posts 1 in left side, second connector 42 can adopt aforesaid way to be fixed between the bottom of two root posts on right side, and the 3rd connector 43 can adopt aforesaid way to be fixed between the bottom of two root posts at rear portion.

After installing three connectors 41,42,43, two blocks of laminates with other are inserted in four columns 1 by above-mentioned identical method block-by-block again, and are separately fixed at corresponding position.

After having adorned each laminate, top board 7 can be packed at last, when packing into, earlier O type circle 63 is enclosed within on the joint pin 71 of four jiaos of top board 7 bottoms, then joint pin 7 is set on the inwall on corresponding column 1 top, overlap fashionable, O type circle 63 can roll between joint pin 71 outer walls and column 1 inwall, and clamp mutually with both, so far, whole rack assembling finishes.

When regulating floor height, laminate 2 only need move up, removing the card of 3 pairs of O types of adapter sleeve circle 61 of laminate 2 presses, just can arrive the position that needs by upper and lower mobile O type circle 61 then, after choosing the position, again with laminate 2 to moving down into O type circle 61 positions, make the adapter sleeve 3 of laminate 2 and O type circle 61 form the holding relation again, promptly form fixing of adapter sleeve 3 and column 1, also promptly formed fixing between laminate 2 and the column 1.

Why the utility model adopts four root posts 1 only to be to embody the intention of one group of shelf of independent overlap joint, can adopt many root posts 1 when the needs overlap joint shelf how group links to each other, and can form two groups of shelfs that connect together as adopting six roots of sensation column.

Fig. 8 is the structural representation of another embodiment, be with the difference of previous embodiment, for adopting connector, but be connected with left and right side plate 201,202 and back plate (not shown) between two-ply of the end 2, the upper and lower edge of back plate is connected between the back end edge of two-ply 2; The upper and lower edge of left plate 201 is connected between the left end limit of two-ply 2; The upper and lower edge of right plate 202 is connected between the right-hand member limit of two-ply 2; Be provided with the left and right door-plate 203,204 that to open/close between the front end edge of two-ply 2.Like this, after left and right side plate 201,202, back plate and left and right door-plate 203,204 have been arranged, just formed a cupboard between the two-ply, making the article of placement not have dust is stained with, what is more important, left and right side plate 201,202 and back plate make the connection between the column more firm, whole shelf can not rock, thereby first connector, second connector and the 3rd connector in also just need not previous embodiment, in fact, left and right side plate 201,202 and back plate promptly are equivalent to the effect of first connector, second connector and the 3rd connector.

Claims

1. four column racks of an adjustable floor height, it comprises the column, top board of four hollows and some laminate, and column is four jiaos of distributions, and four jiaos of laminate respectively are provided with a through hole, it is characterized in that: be equipped with adapter sleeve in the through hole; The bottom of adapter sleeve is provided with horn-like port, and laminate joins with corresponding column sliding sleeve by the adapter sleeve that is secured to four jiaos; Pad is provided with O type circle between the outer wall of adapter sleeve bottom and column, and the holding of O type circle is between the bell-mouthed inclined-plane of column outer wall and adapter sleeve; The bottom of top board respectively is provided with a shrinkage pool for four jiaos, is equipped with a joint pin in the shrinkage pool, and joint pin overcoat one O type circle also is set on the inwall on corresponding column top, and O type circle is clamped between joint pin outer wall and the column inwall; Between the bottom of column, be connected with connector.

2. four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the upper end of described adapter sleeve is provided with annular lip, the bottom outer wall is provided with step, and its annular lip leans mutually with the upper surface of laminate, and it is got out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation and leans mutually with the lower surface of laminate.

3. four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the bottom outer wall of described adapter sleeve is provided with annular slope, and the wall body of adapter sleeve upwards evenly is provided with some openings by the bottom.

4. four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the outer wall of described column is provided with recessed road, some ring-like location.

5. four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described O type circle is that rigidity or elastomeric material constitute.

6. four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described O type circle is a rubber ring.

7. four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also be connected with connector between the described column, described connector comprise between two root posts of left side affixed first connector, between two root posts of right side affixed second connector, between two root posts of rear portion affixed the 3rd connector.

8. four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described first connector and/or second connector and/or the 3rd connector comprise four fixed covers and the O type circle that matches with fixed cover and are connected in four X type bars between the fixed cover, the top of each fixed cover is equipped with the closing in that narrows gradually, the upper and lower fixed cover of homonymy slides over the outer wall of same column bottom, pad is provided with O type circle between the outer wall of each fixed cover top closing in and column, and the holding of O type circle is between the inclined-plane of column outer wall and fixed cover closing in.

9. four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height according to claim 8 is characterized in that: also be connected with the reinforcement montant between the upper and lower fixed cover of described homonymy; On described two between the fixed cover or also comprise between twice fixed covers and also can be connected with the reinforcement cross bar.

10. four column racks of a kind of adjustable floor height according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also can be connected with left and right side plate and back plate between the described two-ply, the upper and lower edge of back plate is connected between the back end edge of two-ply; The upper and lower edge of left plate is connected between the left end limit of two-ply; The upper and lower edge of right plate is connected between the right-hand member limit of two-ply; Be provided with the left and right door-plate that to open/close between the front end edge of two-ply.