CN2491839Y - Highway nondestructive detector - Google Patents

Highway nondestructive detector Download PDF

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Publication number
CN2491839Y
CN2491839Y CN01238283U CN01238283U CN2491839Y CN 2491839 Y CN2491839 Y CN 2491839Y CN 01238283 U CN01238283 U CN 01238283U CN 01238283 U CN01238283 U CN 01238283U CN 2491839 Y CN2491839 Y CN 2491839Y
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circuit
highway
microprocessor
output
connects
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CN01238283U
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刘书民
张宁
高长勇
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects

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  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model relates to a non-destructive detector for detecting highway subgrades. The utility model adopts parameters, such as the time taken from the emission of sonic waves to reach each layer of the highway, the time taken during the reflection of the sonic waves, etc. Through the emission of the sonic waves and then the reception of the sonic waves, the utility model carries out preamplification, controlled gain amplification, amplitude detection, signal buffering, and controlled gain amplification from A/D conversion to microprocessor control. When the head wave arrives, the checking is processed through the microprocessor to work out the time difference from the emission to the reflection, so that highway design indexes stored in a computer beforehand is compared with the obtained data to measure the difference between the medium density and design requirement in order to find out the construction quality. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manipulation, excellent checking results, and no damage or pollution to the highway.

Description

The highway nondestructive testing instrument
The utility model relates to a kind of detector, and is particularly a kind of to highway, especially the instrument that high-grade highway, highway are detected with regard to highway subgrade under harmless situation.
Before the utility model is made, the highway of having made is carried out quality testing, its method is undesirable, and effect is also bad.Usually, highway mainly is to strengthen managing to its quality control, but manages the Quality Identification that can not replace quality testing department to carry out in building course.In case highway all builds up, except that outward appearance, flatness etc. can detect, want detecting below the road surface obviously just very difficult.Though take boring and coring simpler, inexpensive, one holes is discontinuous, can't detect the quality of whole highway, and two can not hole again at positions such as runways, and runway is the position of highway most critical.Such detection effect has just been well imagined, moreover it is just very difficult that core itself is got in the concrete road surface.Highway is carried out radioactivity neutron source, and to detect effect be pretty good, but highway and both sides of highway are had an area of sizable zone serious radioactive contamination arranged, and the great expense of radioactive source keeping also is difficult to the user is born, and therefore also is difficult to promote the use of.
Whether the following quality of road surface is up to standard is the project of vital and lasting importance of highway construction, but because the existence and the influence of various factors, highway comprises that the quality problems of high-grade highway and highway still take place often, very easily cause personnel at all levels's injures and deaths and material property loss.So it is indispensable absolutely that road quality detects.
The purpose of this utility model just is to overcome above-mentioned defective, designs a kind of simple, convenience is pollution-free again and detection accuracy is high detecting instrument.
The technical solution of the utility model:
Its major technique is characterised in that the transducer emitter is made of transmitter, countdown circuit, high-pressure generating circuit, and high-pressure generating circuit exports countdown circuit to, and countdown circuit exports transmitter to.
Its major technique is characterised in that the transducer receiving trap is by receiver, prime amplifier, the controllable gain amplifying circuit, Mintrop wave is testing circuit then, amplitude detection circuit, the signal damping circuit, the A/D circuit, microprocessor constitutes, receiver output connects prime amplifier, prime amplifier output connects the controllable gain amplifying circuit, the output of controllable gain amplifying circuit connects amplitude detection circuit respectively, Mintrop wave is circuit then, amplitude detection circuit output connects the signal damping circuit, the output of signal damping circuit connects the A/D circuit, the A/D circuit is connected with microprocessor is interactive, Mintrop wave circuit output then connects microprocessor, microprocessor control linkage controllable gain amplifying circuit.
Advantage of the present utility model and effect are simple in structure, easy to use, and be pollution-free, to the highway pavement not damaged, and the accuracy that detects is very high, substantial portion below the road surface can be detected fully, automatically and design drawing and requirement compare, thereby judge whether qualified.
Accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1-the utility model transducer emitter electronic circuit principle schematic.
Fig. 2-the utility model transducer receiving trap electronic circuit principle schematic.
The principle schematic that Fig. 3-use the utility model detects.
Fig. 4-highway asphalt layer volume-based model synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5-emission on the highway xsect, reception synoptic diagram
Fig. 6-receiver receives audio graphics, time diagram.
Fig. 7-high-pressure generating circuit 3 figure.
Fig. 8-prime amplifier 6 figure.
Fig. 9-on-off circuit 7 figure.
Figure 10-controllable gain amplifying circuit 8 figure.
Figure 11-amplitude detection circuit 9 figure.
Figure 12-Mintrop wave is testing circuit 13 figure then.
Figure 13-signal damping circuit 10 figure.
Figure 14-A/D circuit 11 figure.
The figure of Figure 15-microprocessor 12 (one).
The figure of Figure 16-microprocessor 12 (two).
Embodiment:
The sonic detection technology in theory and the sound wave that has all proved specific wavelength in the practice can penetrate certain thickness road crust and reflect by certain wavelength.Because the road surface that penetrates is to the Media density difference of each layer of roadbed, the time that reflects is also different, therefore by the collection of acoustic signals pickup apparatus, sends into computing machine again and handles the complete information that just can obtain the road surface.And indexs such as the prescription of following each layer of the quality of highway and road surface, compaction, water saturation are relevant, and the most objective index is exactly a Media density in these parameters.Before detecting, set up the corresponding relation of standard with the highway designing requirement, between pavement quality data that experiment obtains and computer data, and with this examination criteria as pavement quality, every section highway can have the corresponding standard of Media density separately.Then, will compare, just can detect accurately by sound wave emissions, reflection data that obtain and the data that deposit in the computing machine.Because these data all are retained in the computing machine, highway uses later regular detection data still can automatically be compared with former data by computing machine, thereby finds the variation and the fact damaged degree of pavement quality, so that in time keeped in repair.
The utility model designs according to this principle.
As shown in Figure 1:
The transducer emitter is made of transmitter 1, countdown circuit 2, high-pressure generating circuit 3, and power circuit 4 provides power supply to high-pressure generating circuit 3, and high-pressure generating circuit 3 exports countdown circuit 2 to, and countdown circuit 2 exports transmitter 1 to.Power circuit 4 by the mobile generator alternating current change into+15 ,-15 ,+5 direct currents supply with electronic circuit; High-pressure generating circuit 3 rises to 650VAC by 220VAC by booster circuit 3-1, become 700VDC to π type filtering circuit 3-3 through rectification circuit 3-2 again, again to energy-storage travelling wave tube circuit 3-4, energy-storage travelling wave tube circuit 3-4 is made up of shunt capacitance, the appearance value is 8MF, mu balanced circuit 3-5 is made up of IC, resistance and inductance, and the output 450VDC of energy-storage travelling wave tube circuit 3-4 is stable, as shown in Figure 7; Countdown circuit 2 is made up of controllable silicon and related resistors, when the silicon controlled gate pole has pulse, makes the controllable silicon conducting, and high pressure encourages transmitter 1 by controllable silicon; Transmitter 1 is made up of piezoelectric ceramic transducer and high-tension transformer, and the transformation ratio of high-tension transformer is 1: 10, and secondary generation 4500V high pressure excites piezoelectric ceramic transducer, and piezoelectric ceramic transducer is a multi-disc energy gathering type structure.
As shown in Figure 2:
The transducer receiving trap is mainly by receiver 5 (establishing two receivers 5) in this example, prime amplifier 6, on-off circuit 7, controllable gain amplifying circuit 8, amplitude detection circuit 9, signal damping circuit 10, A/D circuit 11, microprocessor 12 constitutes, receiver 5 exports prime amplifier 6 to, prime amplifier 6 exports on-off circuit 7 to, on-off circuit 7 exports controllable gain amplifying circuit 8 to, controllable gain amplifying circuit 8 exports amplitude detection circuit 9 to, amplitude detection circuit 9 exports signal damping circuit 10 to, signal damping circuit 10 exports A/D circuit 11 to, A/ D circuit 11 and 12 interactive connections of microprocessor, microprocessor 12 outputs connect controllable gain amplifying circuit 8; Auxiliary circuit has Mintrop wave circuit 13 then, storer 14, synchronizing circuit 15, mileage counter 16, computation platform 17, monitor 18, printer 19 etc., controllable gain amplifying circuit 8 one tunnel exports Mintrop wave circuit 13 then to, Mintrop wave then circuit 13 exports microprocessor 12 to, storer 14,17 interactive connections of computation platform, computation platform 17 connects monitor 18 respectively, printer 19, mileage counter 16 is connected to microprocessor 12 respectively, computation platform 17, microprocessor 12 one road is connected to synchronizing circuit 15, and synchronizing circuit 15 outputs are connected to on-off circuit 7.
Receiver 5 is made up of transducer and coupling transformer, and transducer is the biplate iteration structure, and centre frequency is 15KHZ; Prime amplifier 6 is formed enlargement factor 48, center frequency filtering 15KHZ by operational amplifier OP471 and peripheral cell resistance, electric capacity etc., the band connection frequency of A1 is greater than 13KHZ, the band connection frequency of A2 is less than 18KHZ, forms the wave filter of 15KHZ, as shown in Figure 8; On-off circuit 7 is made up of code translator, and U3 is microprocessor 12 controls, by the numerical value of A0, A1, and in two receivers 5 of gating respectively, i.e. R1 or R2, the signal of gating then is the OUT output by U3, as shown in Figure 9; Controllable gain amplifying circuit 8 mainly is made up of A5, A6, the A5 amplifier magnification ratio is by outer meeting resistance row decision, U6 controls its OUT end by microprocessor 12 output terminals A 0, A1, A2 and is connected with the IN end respectively, form different enlargement factors, the enlargement factor 36 of A6 and since A0, A1, A2 000,001 ... 111, have eight kinds of combinations, thereby eight different gains are arranged, as shown in figure 10; Amplitude detection circuit 9 is mainly by A9, A10 and energy-storage travelling wave tube are formed, acoustic signals exports the A9 of amplitude detection circuit 9 to from controllable gain amplifying circuit 8, A9 is a unity gain, A9 output gives capacitor C 23 chargings through D5, charge capacity size representative amplitude size, this voltage is through A10 output, and U8 is the circuit of microprocessor 12 controls, works as M1, M2 was respectively 00 o'clock, D1 end and the S1 of U8, S2 disconnects, the C23 charging, after signal was converted by A/D, microprocessor 12 made M1, M2 is 10 o'clock, the D1 of U8 and S1 connect, C23 discharges by U8, for next signal is prepared, as shown in figure 11; Mintrop wave then testing circuit 13 signal that controllable gain amplifying circuit 8 is sent here carries out phase change by its A16 and peripheral circuit, make phase delay 90 degree of input sound wave, make its Mintrop wave zero crossing, A17 is a comparer, its PIN3 is a threshold voltage, its size is by the signal C0 of microprocessor 12 controls, C1, C2, C3 control, U5 is a programmable counter, U9 is a data register, when the synchronous SSYNC of sound wave emissions triggers radiating circuit, counter U5 begins counting, and receiver 5 receives signal, when signal first wave amplitude during greater than threshold voltage, A17 exports high level, make counter U5 stop counting, the gate time representative receives the signal sound wave during this period of time from being transmitted into, and is acoustic transit time.Under the control of microprocessor 12, its time value is then delivered to microprocessor 12 by U9 and is handled, as shown in figure 12; Signal damping circuit 10, as shown in figure 13; A/D circuit 11 is finished the analog to digital conversion of acoustic signals by U7 wherein, and control signal RD, CS, BUSY are by microprocessor 12 controls, after signal arrives U7, microprocessor 12 sends the CS signal, A/D begins conversion, and the BUSY signal uprises, and this signal is given microprocessor 12, after converting, BUSY position step-down, microprocessor 12 sends the RD signal, and data arrive data register U4 by D0 to D7, output to microprocessor 12 by data register U4, as shown in figure 14; Microprocessor 12 is the control main body of signals collecting by U10 mainly, D0 to D7 is a data line, A0 to A15 is an address wire, U11 is a d type flip flop, finish level conversion, it is the switching of data line and address wire, and U12 is EPROM, control program for microprocessor 12, control emission and data acquisition, U13 is the RAM storer, and actual have two RAM (for the convenient a slice of only having drawn), and U14 is that data direction switches, comprise that by sonic data amplitude data and time data are through the input of the A0-A7 of U14 end, B0-B7 by U14 exports among the RAM, and microprocessor 12 provides high-speed a/d, amplitude detection, Mintrop wave then detects, the control signal of circuit such as transmitter trigger is as Figure 15, shown in Figure 16.
During work:
As shown in Figure 1, power circuit 4 provides power supply to high-pressure generating circuit 3, and high-pressure generating circuit 3 produces high pressure, exports signaling conversion circuit 2 to and forms high-voltage pulse signal, launches the 15KHZ sound wave by transmitter 1.
As shown in Figure 3, after sound wave emissions is gone out, run into brea bed under the road surface, two-ash broken stones layer, two grieshoch, fill stratum etc., because the difference of Media density, the decay of different acoustic transit times and sound wave energy is just arranged, reflex to the transducer receiving trap that is arranged on the highway.
As shown in Figure 2, two receivers 5 of transducer receiving trap receive the acoustic signals of reflected back, and two receivers 5 are arranged on highway two ends or both sides, and the transducer emitter is placed in the middle of the highway; Transmitter 1 is with certain frequency and power emission sound wave, and this sound wave is used for detecting the highway subgrade ground floor, i.e. brea bed is received by a receiver 5:
The volume-based model of brea bed as shown in Figure 3, brea bed is exactly asphalt in fact, is a kind of heterogeneous dispersed system with spacial framework, mainly is made up of aggregate, pitch and air, wherein
B aBe apparent volume, B CBe true volume,
γ a=(P e+ P g)/B aFor looking unit weight,
γ c=(P e+ P g)/B cBe true unit weight,
B vBe volume of air, B eBe pitch volume, B gBe aggregate volume,
B CeBe air and pitch volume sum
P eBe pitch weight P gBe aggregate weight
Void ratio e=(B Ce/ B g)
Voidage n=(B Ce/ B a) * 100%
Saturation degree S=(B e/ B Ce) * 100%
Compactness k=(γ a/ γ c) * 100%
Sound wave is propagated through bituminous pavement, because the voidage of bituminous pavement, hole be compaction's difference when, cause the travel-time of sound wave and the decay of sound wave energy to be not quite similar, experimental results show that, acoustic wave propagation velocity meets the time average equation with highway aggregate and filling material thereof, i.e. the propagation of sound wave in unit volume two-phase body can be divided into two parts, and a part is the aggregate part, its volume is (1-n), and its velocity of sound is V g, another part is the hole that is full of pitch, and n represents with voidage, and its velocity of sound is V e, the travel-time of sound wave in this road surface is the travel-time sum of these two ingredients, promptly
1/V=n/V e+ (1-n)/V gCan be written as with the acoustic transit time form
Δ t=n Δ t e+ (1-n) Δ t gΔ t is sonic propagation Δ averaging time t eThe space travel-time, can be by experimental determination, Δ t gIn the aggregate travel-time, can determine the voidage of brea bed with time mean value equation by experimental determination n = Δt - Δ t g Δt - Δ t e And under actual conditions, also contain pitch and air in the rock gap, can draw according to volume-based model
Δt＝n〔s eΔt e+(1-s e)Δt v〕+(1-n)Δt g n = Δt - Δ t g S e Δ t e + ( 1 - S e ) Δ t v - Δ t g S EBe bituminous saturation degree Δ t g, Δ t eWith Δ t vCan be by experimental determination.This receiver 5 (claiming R1) records the propagated error time, as shown in Figure 6:
Δ t R1=T 2-T 1Wherein, T 2Actual brea bed travel-time, the T of recording 1Be the travel-time of the designing requirement of measuring.The two is identical or approaching, and the highway asphalt layer Media density of expression reality is identical or approaching with designing requirement, and this error is more little, shows that quality is more near designing requirement.This calculating is by actual travel-time that records and the travel-time contrast that has been stored in designing requirement in the microprocessor 12 are in advance realized.
Emission, the signal that receives is the sinusoidal wave train, this sinusoidal wave train is delivered to prime amplifier 6 carry out filtering, amplify, enter on-off circuit 7 then, a signal in two receivers 5 of on-off circuit 7 controls enters controllable gain amplifying circuit 8, on-off circuit 7 is subjected to the control of the synchronizing signal of passing through synchronizing circuit 15 sent by microprocessor 12, controllable gain amplifying circuit 8 is subjected to the control of microprocessor 12, it is selected according to the power of signal by microprocessor 12 enlargement factor that signal amplifies, 8 kinds of gains are arranged in this example, promptly 1.00,1.41,2.00,2.82,4.00,5.66,8.00,11.31 etc., make signal normalization, so that next step accurately carries out the A/D conversion; Signal is divided into two the tunnel behind controllable gain amplifying circuit 8, one the road delivers to amplitude detection circuit 9 carries out the peak value detection, amplitude detection circuit 9 mainly is made up of charging capacitor and other elements, the sound wave peak value charges to charging capacitor, the size of charging voltage is represented the size of amplitude, this voltage to signal damping circuit 1O after treatment to A/D change-over circuit 11, the A/D slewing rate of A/D change-over circuit 11 is sampled point of 1.6us, be 8 bit data, data after the conversion send microprocessor 12 storages, sound wave testing circuit 13 is then delivered on another road, sound wave then testing circuit 13 is made up of counter and other elements, begins to count from sound wave emissions moment, counts just to stop when receiver 5 receives Mintrop wave, then gate time is represented acoustic transit time, enters microprocessor 12 and stores; Microprocessor 12 comprises that with the sonic data of collecting travel-time and amplitude send into computation platform 17, finish the calculating of sonic data according to WINDOWS operating platform and processing software package, be converted to the engineering value, show and print by printer 19 as voidage, compactness, thickness etc.; The acoustic signals that receives is reduced by computation platform 17 and with the acoustic waveform demonstration, monitors by 18 pairs of above-mentioned data of monitor, image demonstration.
As shown in Figure 5, transmitter 1 is received by another receiver 5 (R2) (at the highway opposite side) subsequently with another frequency and power emission sound wave (being convenient to distinguish the 15KHZ of first ripple), quiescent interval calculated with nanosecond, repeat above-mentioned same step, the second layer is detected, compare then.By that analogy, the 3rd layer, the 4th layer etc. is detected, contrasts.
The explanation of the input of all electronic circuits, output and function, effect and explanation in the utility model make and understand with being readily clear of.
Owing to be provided with mileage counter 16, therefore transducer emitter and receiving trap can be placed on the motor vehicle, carry out continuous detection.
Adopt the utility model to detect, it is continuous that it detects data point point, therefore can carry out imaging in flakes in the mode of face, and can detect repeatedly key position.
The utility model is applicable to that highway comprises high-grade highway, highway, also is applicable to bridge, rivers embankment, dam etc.
Principle of the present utility model also goes for the situation of same detection.

Claims (5)

1. the highway nondestructive testing instrument is characterized in that the transducer emitter is made of transmitter, countdown circuit, high-pressure generating circuit, and high-pressure generating circuit exports countdown circuit to, and countdown circuit exports transmitter to.
2. highway nondestructive testing instrument, it is characterized in that the transducer receiving trap is by receiver, prime amplifier, the controllable gain amplifying circuit, Mintrop wave is testing circuit then, amplitude detection circuit, the signal damping circuit, the A/D circuit, microprocessor constitutes, receiver output connects prime amplifier, prime amplifier output connects the controllable gain amplifying circuit, the output of controllable gain amplifying circuit connects amplitude detection circuit respectively, Mintrop wave is circuit then, amplitude detection circuit output connects the signal damping circuit, the output of signal damping circuit connects the A/D circuit, the A/D circuit is connected with microprocessor is interactive, Mintrop wave circuit output then connects microprocessor, microprocessor control linkage controllable gain amplifying circuit.
3. highway nondestructive testing instrument according to claim 2 is characterized in that the microprocessor of transducing receiving trap is connected with storer, computation platform interdynamic respectively.
4. highway nondestructive testing instrument according to claim 2, the receiver that it is characterized in that the transducer receiving trap has more than two, output all connects prime amplifier, prime amplifier output connects on-off circuit, on-off circuit output connects the controllable gain amplifying circuit, microprocessor exports synchronizing circuit to, and synchronizing circuit output connects on-off circuit.
5. according to claim 2,3,4 described highway nondestructive testing instruments, it is characterized in that the microprocessor of transducer receiving trap inserts the output of mileage counter circuit, mileage counter output connects the computation platform.
CN01238283U 2001-06-14 2001-06-14 Highway nondestructive detector Expired - Fee Related CN2491839Y (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102944607A (en) * 2012-10-26 2013-02-27 朱德兵 Rolling type movement transverse wave sensor and use method thereof
CN103498409A (en) * 2013-09-03 2014-01-08 河南省高远公路养护技术有限公司 Road structure nondestructive continuous detection device based on ultrasonic waves
CN103499641A (en) * 2013-10-22 2014-01-08 孙杰 Automatic road flaw detection device
CN104678441A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-03 王槐仁 Single-wire single-transmitting and double-receiving logging transducer with automatic counting function
CN113218817A (en) * 2021-04-07 2021-08-06 任波 Roadbed strength test method for highway test detection

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102944607A (en) * 2012-10-26 2013-02-27 朱德兵 Rolling type movement transverse wave sensor and use method thereof
CN102944607B (en) * 2012-10-26 2014-11-19 朱德兵 Rolling type movement transverse wave sensor and use method thereof
CN103498409A (en) * 2013-09-03 2014-01-08 河南省高远公路养护技术有限公司 Road structure nondestructive continuous detection device based on ultrasonic waves
CN103498409B (en) * 2013-09-03 2015-08-19 河南省高远公路养护技术有限公司 Continuous detection apparatus is can't harm based on hyperacoustic road structure
CN103499641A (en) * 2013-10-22 2014-01-08 孙杰 Automatic road flaw detection device
CN104678441A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-03 王槐仁 Single-wire single-transmitting and double-receiving logging transducer with automatic counting function
CN113218817A (en) * 2021-04-07 2021-08-06 任波 Roadbed strength test method for highway test detection

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Granted publication date: 20020515