CN2365765Y - 一种新型的扣式金属空气电池 - Google Patents

一种新型的扣式金属空气电池 Download PDF

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CN2365765Y
CN2365765Y CN99235604U CN99235604U CN2365765Y CN 2365765 Y CN2365765 Y CN 2365765Y CN 99235604 U CN99235604 U CN 99235604U CN 99235604 U CN99235604 U CN 99235604U CN 2365765 Y CN2365765 Y CN 2365765Y
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孙法炯
王昉
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Abstract

一种新型的扣式金属空气电池,其催化活性层与憎水透气层压紧为一体,集流体金属网不与催化活性层接触,而是在憎水透气层与催化活性层相对的另一侧,并与憎水透气层贴紧,集流体金属网的另一侧与电池的正极壳紧密接触,采用本结构,较好地改善了空气电极的导电性,减小了空气电极的欧姆内阻,克服了双层电极电池内阻大的缺点,而能满足大功率助听器对输出的要求,并且具有生产工艺简单的优点,克服了现有的三层空气电极电池工艺复杂的缺点。

Description

一种新型的扣式金属空气电池
本实用新型是关于由空气电极、电解液以及金属阳极组成的金属空气电池。具体是指一种新型的扣式金属空气电池。
金属空气电池通常是由空气电极，碱性电解液，金属阳极，一般是锌或铝构成。这种电池在现有的民用小型电池***中具有最高的单位比能量，因为它的阴极材料即氧气来源于空气。扣式金属空气电池，一般地即是指扣式锌空气电池。这种电池所用的空气电极即氧电极，将空气中的氧气吸附催化与金属阳极反应产生电流。这种电池的缺点之一是它受氧气供给的限制，电化学极化较大，同时它的欧姆内阻也较大，所以输出的电流密度不大，不适于大功率的用电器使用。对于助听器这种应用它的功率正合适。现代助听器的发展要求的功率越来越大，相应地要求电池的输出功率加大，增大电池的输出功率就越来越重要。
要达到这个目标，一方面要增大氧气供应量，寻找更好的催化剂以减小电化学极化，另一方面要加大空气电极的导电性，减小空气电极的欧姆内阻。
美、德、英、日等国的产品所用的空气电极，都是由催化活性层，集流体，聚四氟乙烯憎水透气层构成。其中集流体导电网一般是由耐腐蚀金属，以网的形式构成压入活性层的中间，或直接压入活性层的上，下面。在这种三层电极中，集流体用于从空气电极的催化活性层中导出电流到金属外壳，此种结构的扣式电池可以满足大功率助听器的要求，但集流体压入催化活性层的工艺复杂，成本高。
在现有的另一种扣式电池结构中，憎水透气层是由聚四氟乙烯或其它聚合物与碳黑等材料混合构成，具有一定的导电性，电流直接通过憎水透气层而到达正极壳。这种工艺只有催化活性层和憎水透气层两层，无集流体，简单，但内阻较大。因为憎水透气层的导电性还是比金属集流体差。
本实用新型的目的是提供一种新型的扣式金属空气，其憎水透气层是由聚四氟乙烯或其它聚合物与碳黑等材料混合构成(因而是导电的)，但集流体不处于催化活性层中，而是在憎水透气层外面，同时集流体与导电的憎水透气层及电池外壳有足够好的接触，改善了空气电极的导电性，减小空气电极的欧姆内阻，克服双层电极电池内阻大的缺点，而能满足大功率助听器对输出的要求。并且具有生产工艺简单的优点，克服了现有的三层空气电极电池工艺复杂的缺点。
本实用新型的目的是通过以下方式来实现的：一种新型的扣式金属空气电池，主要由负极盖、正极壳、胶圈、锌膏、隔膜、催化活性层、集流体金属网、憎水透气层组成，其中锌膏设置在由负极盖和正极壳组成的空腔内，隔膜、催化活性层、集流体金属网以及憎水透气层设置在锌膏之下，其特征在于上述催化活性层与上述憎水透气层压紧为一体，集流体金属网不与催化活性层接触，而是在憎水透气层与催化活性层相对的另一侧，并与憎水透气层贴紧，集流体金属网的另一侧与电池的正极壳紧密接触。
采用本实用新型的扣式金属空气电池，由于集流体金属网不处于催化活性层中，而是在憎水透气层外面，同时集流体金属网与导电的憎水透气层及电池外壳有足够好的接触，从而改善了空气电极的导电性，减小了空气电极的欧姆内阻，克服了双层电极电池内阻大的缺点，而能满足大功率助听器对输出的要求，并且具有生产工艺简单的优点，克服了现有的三层空气电极电池工艺复杂的缺点。
附图说明：
图1为现有三层电极扣式空气电池的剖面结构示意图；
图2为无集流体网的双层电极扣式空气电池的剖面结构示意图；
图3为本实用新型的扣式金属空气电池的剖面结构示意图。
其中：1-催化活性层，2-集流体金属网，3-憎水透气层，4-隔膜，5-正极壳，6-负极盖，7-胶圈，8-锌膏，9-空气室，10-通气孔。
以下结合附图及实施例对本实用新型作进一步描述。
如图所示，本实用新型的扣式金属空气电池，主要是由负极盖6、正极壳5、胶圈7、锌膏8、隔膜4、催化活性层1、集流体金属网2、憎水透气层3组成，其中锌膏8设置在由负极盖6和正极壳5组成的空腔内，隔膜4、催化活性层1、集流体金属网2以及憎水透气层3设置在锌膏8之下，其特征在于上述催化活性层1与上述憎水透气层3压紧为一体，集流体金属网2不与催化活性层1接触，而是在憎水透气层3与催化活性层1相对的另一侧，并与憎水透气层3贴紧，集流体金属网2的另一侧与电池的正极壳5紧密接触。在具体实施过程中，上述集流体金属网2设置在正极壳底部的空气室9内，其两面分别与憎水透气层3和正极壳5紧密接触。
本实用新型的金属空气电化学电池的电极具有崭新的结构。它是由催化活性层，憎水透气层和集流体组成的。可选择地加隔膜，与催化活性层贴在一起构成一个新的正极组合。
催化活性层由活性碳加二氧化锰，银，铂等催化剂及聚四氟乙烯混合处理后压制而成。其厚度一般在0.05-2mm之间。
憎水透气层由聚四氟乙烯，聚乙烯，聚氯乙烯，尼龙或聚丙烯塑料的一种或几种与一定比例的碳黑混合处理后压制而成，其厚度一般是在0.1-2mm之间。这种憎水透气层的特点是憎水的，同时内部又有足够多的微孔。它可以使氧气透过到达活性层参加反应，同时又能阻止电解液由催化活性层向外渗漏。由于憎水透气层含有碳黑，因而该层又具有导电性，与催化活性层压紧后起到正极集流的作用。将催化活性层和憎水透气层压紧在一起形成一个复合层。
集流体网，由金，银，镍，铬等金属或有这些金属为镀层的材料以编织网，拉伸网，冲孔带等形式存在。它的一面部分嵌入并贴紧在憎水透气层，另一面与电池壳的正极直接连接。它将电流从导电的憎水透气层导出并传导到电池壳的正极。
图1中的现有技术是将集流体金属网嵌入催化活性层中，并通过集流体金属网与正极壳壁接触，将催化活性层中产生的电流向外电路输出，这种结构导电性能较好，可产生较大的电流，但制作工艺较复杂，成本较高；
图2中导电的憎水透气层紧贴催化活性层，其另一面与正极壳紧密接触，从而可将催化活性层中产生的电流向外电路输出，但由于其导电性能较差，且与金属正极壳接触的面积较小(正极壳底部空气室处未接触)，因而产生的电流较小。
在本实用新型的结构中(图3)中，集流体金属网设置在正极壳底部的空气室内，并与导电的憎水透气层紧压在一起，部分金属嵌入憎水透气层，但又没有刺穿该层。嵌入的程度决定了空气电极的阻抗，进而影响到电池的内阻和输出电流。集流体金属网与电池正极壳接触，向外输出电流。这种结构较好地增加了憎水透气层与正极壳的接触面积，减小了内阻，增加了电流的输出，克服了现有技术的不足。
以675型号电池为例，用本实用新型结构制造的电池A与国外大量采用的三层电极扣式空气电池B(图1)及无集流体网的双层电极扣式空气电池C(图2)对比数据如下(各10只平均值)：
620欧姆负载电压(V)150欧姆负载电压(V)内阻(欧姆，1000Hz测试)A      1.32               1.27                    3.5B      1.31               1.25                    4.0C      1.30               1.18                    7.5
由上可见，本结构的电池其负载电压有明显提高，尤其是大功率条件下的输出电压提高很大。电池的内阻有明显减小。

Claims (3)

1、一种新型的扣式金属空气电池，主要由负极盖(6)、正极壳(5)、胶圈(7)、锌膏(8)、隔膜(4)、催化活性层(1)、集流体金属网(2)、憎水透气层(3)组成，其中锌膏(8)设置在由负极盖(6)和正极壳(5)组成的空腔内，隔膜(4)、催化活性层(1)、集流体金属网(2)及憎水透气层(3)设置在锌膏(8)之下，其特征在于上述催化活性层(1)与上述憎水透气层(3)压紧为一体，集流体金属网(2)不与催化活性层(1)接触，而是在憎水透气层(3)与催化活性层(1)相对的另一侧，并与憎水透气层(3)贴紧，集流体金属网(2)的另一侧与电池的正极壳(5)紧密接触。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种新型的扣式金属空气电池，，其特征在于上述集流体金属网(2)设置在正极壳底部的空气室(9)内，其两面分别与憎水透气层(3)和正极壳(5)紧密接触。
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种新型的扣式金属空气电池，，其特征在于集流体金属网(2)设置在正极壳底部的空气室(9)内，并与导电的憎水透气层(3)紧压在一起，部分金属嵌入憎水透气层(3)，但又没有刺穿该层。
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