CN2255690Y - Electric motor protector - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a motor protector. The utility model can adopt different devices, such as a transformer, a current mutual inductor, a contactor attraction coil, a capacitor, etc. as power supplying equipment for an operational power supply. Under different conditions, the utility model has multiple functions of rejecting switching on or automatic trip and cutting off a circuit of the motor when faults, such as overcurrent, temperature, insulation, overvoltage, undervoltage, phase failure, short circuit, etc. happen. On the condition of reliable performance, the circuit structure of the utility model is as simple as possible, the utility model integrates the advantages of the prior art and forms a more advanced system, and the utility model is suitable for different requirements under different conditions with treatment in accordance with local conditions. The applicability of the utility model is wide and the utility model is an actually applied new technology of motor protection with potential.

Description

A kind of motor protecter

The utility model---a kind of motor protecter belongs to electrotechniical control protector.

In the prior motor resist technology, large-size machine adopts the expensive privacy protection equipment that is worth; The middle and small motor great majority that consumption is huge still adopt thermal relay, fuse as protection equipment, perhaps without any protection.And thermal relay, fuse all be difficult to adjust more exactly, and operate time is long, can not protect motor well.In recent years some of Chu Xianing new in, small machine protector or function singleness, work is reliable inadequately, perhaps the cost of manufacture height is difficult to promote the use of.Though what have also can play the certain protection effect, fail to suit measures to local conditions to satisfy the motor of working under the different situations multiple different demands to protection; Have because of the design on defective, can not solve some particular challenge in the electric motor protecting.

The purpose of this utility model is to guarantee reliable in function, under the total thinking of this motor protecter optimal design of the structure that strives for simplification, motor in the face of domestic operation, often condition of work is abominable for particularly medium and small motor, overload work, imperfect maintenance, spoilage is big, be difficult to find the present situation that is fit to the motor protecter that self uses, a kind of simple, inexpensive, motor protecter that complete function is reliable, easy to install is provided; Its different embodiment different situations of can suiting measures to local conditions to be applicable to, thereby improve its utilization rate to greatest extent, reduce the device damage and the fire incident that cause because of electrical fault.

The main feature of the utility model circuit structure, design is as follows:

It is by operating power, signal sensing circuit, the control amplifying circuit, relay is formed, it is one of following 4 kinds that the operating power that it is characterized in that it can be: or use transformer-supplied, at this moment its signal sensing circuit comprises the current signal sensing circuit at least, temperature signal sensing circuit, the insulation signal sensing circuit that is linked to be by the divider resistance of the auxiliary normally closed contact of Insulation Test power supply, motor main switch, motor housing, 1 end of incoming cables of motor, current-limiting resistance, output signal; Or 2 side power supplies of Current Transformer, at this moment its signal sensing circuit comprises the current signal sensing circuit at least; Or with the pull-in winding power supply of the contactor of motor, at this moment its signal sensing circuit comprises the temperature signal sensing circuit at least; Or with powering behind the capacitance decompression, at this moment its signal sensing circuit comprises current signal sensing circuit or temperature signal sensing circuit at least; The dc output end of its operating power and control, amplifying circuit with just, the zero potential end links to each other; Its each signal sensing circuit is exported 2 utmost point pipes by signal separately respectively and is linked to each other with control, input amplifier; The pull-in winding of relay links to each other with control, amplifying circuit and output, and the contact of relay is connected among the loop of control motor main switch break-make.

Operating power with transformer-supplied is made up of transformer and rectification circuit; The operating power of 2 sides of Current Transformer power supply is by 2 sides of current transformer and rectification circuit, and the current signal resistance that 2 utmost point pipe series combination or voltage-stabiliser tube, series connection are with it shunted in the voltage stabilizing that is parallel to rectification circuit output end is formed; Operating power with the pull-in winding power supply of the contactor of motor is in series by contactor pull-in winding and rectification circuit, and rectification circuit input end also is in parallel with the contactor normally closed contact.

The current signal sensing circuit is obtained signal by 1 grade or 2 grades of current transformers; The temperature signal sensing circuit is made up of humid test power supply, thermistor or other temperature-sensitive elements; Temperature-sensitive element can be loaded on motor coil, motor housing, motor bearings vicinity; Each current signal, temperature signal sensing circuit have Signal Regulation potentiometer separately respectively.

The Insulation Test power supply both can be obtained by direct current operative power source; Can obtain through electric capacity, resistance step-down current limliting by AC power again; Also can be got by 2 sub-high pressure side-draws of Insulation Test transformer, 1 side of this transformer links to each other with 2 sides of operating power transformer; The humid test power supply by direct current operative power source through the resistance step-down; Obtain after the voltage-stabiliser tube voltage stabilizing.

Control, amplifying circuit comprise the two-stage amplifying circuit at least, and the input amplifier element of elementary amplifying circuit can be 3 utmost point pipe or voltage comparators, and the amplifier element of final stage power amplification circuit is 3 utmost point pipes.

The contact of relay is connected among the loop of control motor main switch break-make, both can be in the pull-in winding loop of 1 docking point of the relay contactor that is connected in series with motor, 1 docking point that can be relay again is connected in series with in the no-voltage trip coil or closing coil loop of starting switchs such as automatic air-break switch or auto-transformer starter, 1 docking point that can also be relay is connected in the shunt opening trip coil or breaking coil loop of automatic air-break switch, also can be that 1 docking point of relay is connected in series with in the breaking coil loop that drives the disconnecting link switch.

Be connected in series with by relay 1 docking point among the loop of pull-in winding of contactor of motor, this contactor both can be directly with the alternating current adhesive; Again can the direct current adhesive, when with the direct current adhesive, can add the DC operation circuit of forming by this contactor normally closed contact, 2 utmost point pipes, electric capacity or electric capacity and transformer.

Embodiment of the present utility model and as follows corresponding to the description of drawings of each embodiment: the mark among the figure is as repeatedly appearance in different figure, and the implication of being given when its implication all occurs for the first time with it is identical, explanation no longer separately

Fig. 1 is the 1st kind of embodiment.Its operating power is powered by transformer T, its signal sensing circuit comprises current signal, temperature signal, bearing temperature signal, insulation signal, overvoltage signal, brownout signal, phase failure no-load signal, short-circuit signal, overtime frequent self-starting signal sensing circuit, and its signal is exported 2 utmost point pipes and is respectively D _L, D _M, D _B, D ₀, D ₈, D ₉, D _d, D _K, D _P, its Insulation Test power supply, humid test power supply are by direct current operative power source anode E ₊Through resistance R ₂Step-down, voltage-stabiliser tube D _W2Obtain E after the voltage stabilizing _{+ 2}Be its anode, with direct current operative power source negative terminal E ₀For its negative terminal (also can be directly with E ₊Be the Insulation Test power positive end).

The implication of all the other marks is as follows among Fig. 1: R ₁, R ₂, R ₃, R ₄, R ₅, R ₆, R ₇, R ₇₀, R _Z, R _F, R ₀₁, R ₀₂, R ₂₂, R ₃₂, R ₅₂Be resistance; C _LBe electric capacity; C ₀, C ₁, C ₂, C ₂₀, C ₃, C ₄, C ₅, C ₁₂, C ₄₂, C _FBe electrochemical capacitor; D ₁* 4 and D ₂* 4 are the bridge rectifier that 42 utmost point pipes are formed, D ₃, D ₄, D ₅, D ₆, D ₇, D ₂₀, D ₃₂, D ₄₂, D ₅₂, D ₆₂, D ₇₂Be 2 utmost point pipes; R _W1, R _W2, R _W3, R _WB, R _W4, R _WK, R _Wt, R _Wt2Be potentiometer, wherein R _WK, R _Wt2Be the internal regulation potentiometer; D _W0, D _W1, D _W2Be voltage stabilizing 2 utmost point pipes; FG _R, FG _G, FG _YBe luminous 2 utmost point pipes; F is a buzzer; J, J ₂Be respectively the pull-in winding of first relay and the 2nd relay, J _2KBe J ₂Normal opened contact; CJ _K1, CJ _K2For often opening auxiliary contact, CJ as the A.C. contactor of motor switch _b, CJ _B1, CJ _B2, CJ _B3The normally closed auxiliary contact of A.C. contactor for this reason; K ₂Be the operating power switch; RD is a fuse; 1 side two ends of transformer are T _1a, T _1b, 2 side two ends are T _2a, T _2bLH ₁, LH ₂Be respectively 1 grade, 2 grades current transformer (LH ₁1 time side is series at motor B phase inlet wire B ₂In, its 2 sides and LH ₂1 time side links LH ₂2 sides are to D ₂* 4 input; LH ₁, LH ₂Also can respectively be 2 or 3 and be sub-packed in 2 phase or 3 phases, each LH at this moment ₂2 sides should be respectively and proportion resistor---R _W1, R _W4Separate moving fixed end, ratio is 1 to exempt from this resistance, connects all-wave or half-wave rectifying circuit input more respectively, again with each rectification output end parallel connection; Also available than large velocity ratio LH ₁, and with the potentiometer R that dotted line was connected as figure _LWReplace LH ₂And C _L); A ₁, B ₁Be A phase, B phase mains side, O ₃Be motor housing; HA, TA are combined floodgate, trip button, HA _K2Be the 2nd pair of normal opened contact of HA; HA _W, HA _WK2Be respectively the outer switch knob of protector, its 2nd pair of normal opened contact; BG ₁, BG ₂, BG ₁₂, BG ₂₂Be 3 utmost point pipes; R _MF, R _MBBe thermistor; (F also can change tongue tube into and carry F).

The structure of Fig. 1 embodiment is except that stating part, and all the other structures are as follows: D ₁* 4 inlet is 2 sides of T, exports to be E ₊, E ₀, C ₅, D _W1Be parallel to E ₊, E ₀Between; LH ₂With C _L(a plurality of LH in parallel ₂Then exempt from C _L), through D ₂* 4 rectifications are again with R _W1, R _WKBe connected to E ₀, form the current signal sensing circuit, with R _W1The moved end connects R _Wt, D _LTo BG ₁Base stage is its signal output apparatus (R _WtBe running current inverse time lag regulator potentiometer), by R _WKThe moved end connects D _KTo BG ₁₂Base stage is short circuit current signal output apparatus (if LH ₁, LH ₂Do not have 7I _HThen exempt from this circuit), by R _W1The moved end connects R _Wt2, D _PTo BG ₁₂Base stage is overtime, frequent self-starting signal input circuit; By E _{+ 2}Connect R _MF, R _W3Form the temperature signal sensing circuit, by R _W3The moved end is from D _MTo BG ₁Base stage is exported this signal; By E _{+ 2}Connect CJ _B1, B ₂By generator stator winding insulation to O ₃Connect CJ _B3(O ₃, B ₂Also can exchange the order of connection, with O ₃But the CJ normally closed contact position that connects is short circuit also), R ₀₁, R ₀₂, D ₀Form the insulation signal sensing circuit, by D ₀To BG ₁Base stage is exported its signal; By R ₇Connect R ₇₀, R _W4Form the voltage signal sensing circuit, overvoltage signal is by R ₇, R ₇₀Connect point and pass through D ₈To BG ₁Base stage output, brownout signal is by R _W4The moved end is through CJ _B2, D ₉To BG ₂Base stage output; By the RW1 moved end through CJ _K2, D _dTo BG ₂Base stage is formed phase failure signal sensing circuit, and its signal passes through D _dTo BG ₂Output.E ₊Connect FG _R, R ₁, R ₂, BG ₁Collector electrode, R ₃, R ₄, R ₂₀, BG ₂Base stage is passed through BG more respectively ₁, BG ₂Emitter is to E ₀, form 2 grades of amplifying circuits; By BG ₂Collector electrode connects J, by HA, the HA that is in parallel _W, J _2KWith E ₊Link to each other, be the output circuit of this amplifying circuit; By J, HA, J _2KPoint in parallel connects R ₂₂, BG ₁₂Collector electrode, R ₂₂, BG ₂₂Base stage.Pass through BG more respectively ₁₂, BH ₂₂Emitter is to E ₀, form 2 grades of amplifying circuits of the 2nd cover; By BG ₂₂Collector electrode connects J ₂, by mutually and the HA, the J that connect _2KWith E ₊Linking to each other, is the output circuit of the 2nd cover amplifying circuit, and forms J ₂In parallel with J positive potential end; R ₃, R ₄, C ₂Form the circuit that operation is prolonged, R ₂₀Connect R _W2, CJ _K1, Xiang Binglian HA _K2With HA _WK2To E ₊, again from HA _K2With CJ _K1The point that links to each other connects C ₂₀, the CJ that is in parallel _bWith D ₂₀(CJ ₆With D ₂₀But the position is short circuit also) to E ₀Form starting delay circuit; Operation delay circuit and starting delay circuit all are in by BG ₁, BG ₂Deng among the amplifying circuit of forming, BG ₂Base input circuit among; In addition, C ₁Be connected in D _LGo into end and E ₀Between, R ₀, D ₃String D ₄Be connected in BG ₁Between base stage, emitter, D ₅String D ₆Be connected in BG ₂Between base stage, emitter, C ₁₂Be connected in D _PGo into end and E ₀Between, D ₃₂String D ₄₂Be connected in BG ₁₂Between base stage, emitter, C _F, F, R _FXiang Binglian, company and E ₊With R ₂Between, FG _GString R ₅Be in parallel FG with J _YString R ₆Be connected in E ₊, E ₀Between; HA and J _2KBe parallel to E ₊With J, J ₂Between, becoming and close a floodgate and the automatic reclosing loop, TA is connected in BG ₂₂Base stage and E ₀Between, become operation tripping operation and reclosing and remove the loop.R _MFCan be installed in the motor windings, on the motor housing, R _MBIt is contiguous to be loaded on motor bearings; R _MF, R _MBAll can by several thermistors and or the series connection and form.R _MF, R _MBAdopt negative tempperature coefficient thermistor (NTC); If using semistor (PTC) instead then should be with R among Fig. 1 _MFWith R _W3Location swap (the R of disjunct two ends in circuit _MFMeet E ₀, R _W3Meet E _{+ 2}), R _MBWith R _WBAlso this.(each 3 utmost point pipe is NPN3 utmost point pipe; If use PNP3 utmost point pipe then b, c, e invariant position instead entirely, other element of positive-negative polarity is respectively arranged, promptly 2 utmost point pipes, voltage stabilizing 2 utmost point pipes, luminous 2 utmost point pipes, electrochemical capacitor revert all are assemblied in the circuit and get final product.In addition, R _MFAlso can divide 3 to introduce R mutually ₇+ R ₇₀Also can change potentiometer into).

Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are respectively the corresponding 1 secondary circuit figure of Fig. 1 embodiment, contactor closing circuit figure, wherein C ₁Be C phase mains side, A ₂, C _IBe respectively the motor inlet wire of A, C phase, D is a motor, J _KBe the normal opened contact of J, CJ is the pull-in winding of A.C. contactor, CJ ₂* 3 is 3 main contacts of A.C. contactor.LH ₁₁Be LH ₁1 side.

By the whole system of Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the common embodiment that forms of Fig. 3, its operation principle is as follows:

Closed K ₂E then ₊, E ₀Charged, normal condition G ₁Base stage and BG ₁₂The equal fault-free signal input of base stage, so blocking-up, their collector electrode is high potential, then electric current is through FG _R, R ₁, R ₂, R ₃, R ₄, R ₂₀To BG ₂Base stage is through R ₂₂, R ₃₂To BG ₂₂Base stage, BG ₁, BG ₂Conducting.J and J when pressing HA ₂All adhesives, J _K, J _2KClosure makes the charged adhesive of CJ, CJ on the one hand ₂* 3 closures, electric motor starting; J on the other hand _2KClosure makes J ₂Even self-sustaining is the temporary transient dead electricity of J and make J _KDisconnect CJ ₂* 3 disconnect, motor tripping operation, J _2KRemain closed motor automatic reclosing after fault will be disappeared and self-starting again, if motor is damaging, starting current significantly surpasses normal value, then by R in self-starting again _WKThe short circuit current signal of obtaining will pass through D _KTo BG ₁₂Make its conducting, thereby make BG ₂₂Blocking-up, J ₂Dead electricity, J _2KDisconnect.J ₂Self-sustaining is removed, and makes the J dead electricity again, J _KDisconnect, generation can't be tripped (because of J by self-running motor _2KDisconnected).Frequent self-starting, then this signal is from D _PDeliver to BG ₁₂Make J _2KDisconnected.If have insulation, temperature, overvoltage fault, then above-mentioned signal is respectively from D before pressing HA _O, D _M, D ₈Transport to BG ₁Base stage makes BG ₁Conducting, its collector potential are reduced to and are bordering on zero, make BG ₂Base stage can't obtain electric current, BG ₂Blocking-up, even press HA, J is no current still, (but J still can't close a floodgate _2KClosure can be started after fault is disappeared automatically), play the prevention protective effect.Motor is in service if overcurrent, temperature, bearing temperature, overvoltage fault take place, and then these signals are respectively from D _L, D _M, D _B, D ₈To BG ₁Conducting, BG ₂Blocking-up, J dead electricity, J _KDisconnection causes the motor tripping operation, and (if the tripping operation back is fault-free J _2KMaintenance can cause self-starting), thereby the protection motor.When motor generation motor in service B phase short of electricity fault (A, C short of electricity; The B overcurrent), this signal is from R _W1Through D _dDeliver to BG ₂Base stage is because of R _W1No electricity makes BG ₂Base voltage descends, and makes BG ₂Blocking-up, J dead electricity, motor tripping operation, CJ _K2Disconnection, this signal of locking before motor closes a floodgate are in order to avoid the motor fail to start; Brownout signal before motor closes a floodgate by D ₉Deliver to BG ₂Base stage is BG during under voltage just ₂Blocking-up, closing operation can't realize that prevention protection motor when under voltage takes place is as the motor CJ by disconnection in service _B2This signal of locking.CJ _B1At motor combined floodgate (CJ ₂Close) preceding closure, make the Insulation Test power supply enter B ₂, locking E then after motor closes a floodgate ₊With B ₂Passage.HA _K2, HA _WK2By closing, E when motor is closed a floodgate ₊Be able to directly to starting delay capacitor C ₂₀Charging, CJ at this moment _K1Locking C ₂₀Insert BG ₂The contact of base circuit, with the obstruction free fault-signal to BG ₂Influence; HA after motor closes a floodgate _K2, HA _WK2Unclamp (so motor C in service ₂₀Can not be again from E ₊Directly charging), CJ _K1Closed with C ₂₀Insert BG ₂Base circuit is with its more electric weight supply BG ₂Base stage makes in this discharge process, can be because of D _LInput starting current, BG ₁Conducting causes BG ₁Collector potential descends, causes BG ₂Base stage does not have sufficient current, causes BG ₂Blocking-up, thus avoided motor to cause tripping operation because of normal starting; After motor starting process finishes to enter normal operation, C ₂₀Because of the discharge after can not be again from E ₊Charging no longer produces bigger time-delay (all then not producing time-delay after the discharge), makes BG if break down ₁Collector potential descends, and then relies on C ₂Discharge generation time-delay is significantly smaller than time-delay in the starting (in the starting by C so tripping operation in service is delayed time ₂, C ₂₀Time-delay is provided jointly).D ₃, D ₄, D ₅, D ₆, D ₃₂, D ₄₂, D ₅₂, D ₆₂, D _W1All play protection 3 utmost point pipes, D ₇, D ₇₂Protection relay transient state is removed C ₂, C ₂₀Electrochemical capacitor in addition all plays filtering (elimination alternating current component) effect.FG _R, FG _G, FG _Y, FGG ₂Being shown with fault, motor rotation, power supply with light emitting sheet respectively has electricity, self-starting not to remove R ₁, R ₅, R ₆, R ₅₂Be respectively their current-limiting resistance.C _LBe LH ₂Resonant capacitance.TA then makes BG if press ₂₂Base stage and E ₀Short circuit makes BG ₂Blocking-up J ₂Dead electricity, J _2KDisconnect, the J dead electricity, causing can not self-running motor tripping operation.

Fig. 4 is GB among the 1st kind of embodiment ₁Replacement circuit, it by voltage comparator ic (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 is its 8 pin ,-,+represent negative, positive input respectively), reference voltage dropping resistor R _j, voltage-stabiliser tube D _W3, divider resistance R ₈, R ₉Form; By E ₊Through R _j, voltage-stabiliser tube D _W3Provide reference power supply E to it _{+ 3}, G _1b, G _1eBG in the presentation graphs 1 ₁Base collector, emitter in Fig. 1 circuit, account for the position; 1 meets E ₊, 4 meet E ₀With the BG among Fig. 4 circuit replacement Fig. 1 ₁Promptly be to use voltage comparator as elementary amplifier element, fault-signal is by G _1bTo 2 with input 3 reference voltage relatively after, export G to by 1 _1c(G _1bSignal is arranged, G _1cLow level makes BG ₂Time-delay blocking-up tripping operation).Claim this embodiment the 1st kind of embodiment for comparator with voltage.(export the temperature coefficient of 2 utmost point pipes for offsetting each signal, reference voltage also can be imported to it " 3 " pin of IC and each reference voltage pin through 2 utmost point pipes again).

Fig. 5 is the 2nd kind of embodiment.Its operating power is by current transformer LH ₂Power supply, LH ₂2 b ₂, b ' ₂Through D ₁* 4 rectifications, C ₅Filtering becomes E ₊, E ₀Direct current operative power source.E ₊, E ₀By 16 2 utmost point pipe D _E* 16 series connection by the voltage stabilizing shunt circuit (or use by dotted line among the figure voltage stabilizing 2 utmost point pipe D of company _WVoltage stabilizing), this circuit and E ₀Between be in series with the current signal sensor resistance R _U, by with R _UPotentiometer R in parallel _WRegulate current signal, by R _WThe moved end output current signal.At E ₊, E ₀Between by BG ₁, BG ₂And the structure of 2 grades of amplifying circuits forming of subsidiary component is identical with appropriate section among Fig. 1 embodiment (but does not have the R of starting delay circuit _W2, C ₂₀, R ₂₀, D ₂₀, CJ _b, CJ _K1), the fault trip principle is also together; But J directly connects E ₊, carry out motor combined floodgate, trip operation with protector outside, the original combined floodgate of motor, trip button.The 2nd kind of embodiment also can set up the temperature signal sensing circuit again.

Fig. 6 is 1 special case again of the 2nd kind of embodiment, and its operating power is by current transformer LH ₁Power supply, LH ₁2 sides can be through rectification (also can without the i.e. not rectification of rectification-Fig. 6), to the thermal relay JR that is in series, current relay J _LThe supply power current signal of holding concurrently, and the normally closed contact RJ of RJ _b, J _LNormal opened contact J _LKThen be connected in series with in the A.C. contactor CJ closing circuit HA and J _LKParallel connection, TA connects with CJ.RJ deferred action makes RJ during overcurrent _bTime Delay Opening, make motor tripping operation; B phase short of electricity J _LDead electricity, J _LKDisconnect and make the motor tripping operation.This is that a kind of phase shortage that adopts thermal relay is transshipped simple and easy protector.

Fig. 7 is the 3rd kind of embodiment, and its operating power is powered by contactor pull-in winding CJ.CJ and operating power E ₊, E ₀Rectification circuit D ₁* 4 are in series; CJ _B1, R ₂, D ₁* 4 are in parallel; The outside switch knob HA of the protector that is in parallel _W, J _K, the outer trip button TA of protector _WAll connect with CJ; Entire circuit is by B ₁, C _IObtain line voltage, fuse RD is series at B ₁Introduce on the circuit.At operating power E ₊, E ₀In the system, D _WBe voltage stabilizing 2 utmost point pipes, C ₅For filter capacitor all is parallel to E ₊, E ₀Between; And the temperature signal sensing circuit, by BG ₁, BG ₂And the structure of 2 grades of amplifying circuits forming of subsidiary component, principle are also identical with appropriate section among the embodiment of Fig. 1, and (but time-delay is by R _MF, remove C ₂, R ₄, C ₃, with 2 utmost point pipe D ₃₄For D ₃, D ₄, or with D _W0For D ₃₄Exempt from D ₅, D ₆, do not establish FG _R, R ₂, FG _G, R ₅).Present embodiment CJ _B1Locking D before combined floodgate ₁* 4 and E ₊, E ₀System can guarantee that CJ obtains abundant voltage, and back CJ closes a floodgate _B1Disconnect and make D again ₁* 4, E ₊, E ₀Drop into.The 3rd kind of embodiment also can set up current signal sensing circuit and delay circuit.

R among Fig. 7 ₂, CJ _B1, HA _W, J _K, TA _W, CJ is connected in E by changing shown in the dotted line ₊, E ₀, D ₁* 4 output negative terminal E _-(disconnect E ₀, E _-Line), former HA _W, J _K, AT _W, the CJ position changes crosstalk and holds C _C, CJ normally closed contact CJ _B4And connect combination, E ₊With E _-Between increase crosstalk and separate capacitor C ₂And CJ normal opened contact CJ _K3, then with CJ silent running function.

Fig. 8, Fig. 9 are two kinds of different types of the 4th grade of embodiment, and its operating power is by capacitor C _CThe step-down power supply, B ₁With RD polyphone D ₁* 4, connect C again _C, K ₂To C ₁Form operating power current supply circuit D ₁* 4 direct current output E ₊, E _-=E ₀, E ₊, E ₀Between the circuit structure of direct current system, identical (1 E of principle with Fig. 7 embodiment ₊, E ₀Between FG _Y, R ₆); But its motor switch is the disconnecting link switch, by the hollow breaking coil T that promotes the clavate iron core _xDrive tripping operation, the normally closed contact J of J _bBe connected in series with B electricity, T mutually behind the RD _xTo C _IThe loop in; When fault-signal causes J dead electricity, J _bClosed, T _xCharged and the disconnecting link switch is disconnected.Before motor disconnecting link switch closes a floodgate, drop into protection earlier, even K ₂Closure, E ₊, E ₀Charged, J is charged, J _bDisconnect, disconnecting link just can close a floodgate like this, and can be because of T _xThe charged disconnecting link of pushing open immediately.Fig. 9 and the difference of Fig. 8 embodiment only be Fig. 9 have the current signal sensing circuit (it is identical with Fig. 1 embodiment appropriate section---but do not have R _WK, R _Wt, R _Wt2), Fig. 8 does not then have.Fig. 9 embodiment also can set up phase failure no-load signal sensing circuit.

Figure 10 is the another special of the 4th kind of embodiment, and the difference of it and Fig. 8 embodiment only is to have only BG ₁, 1 grade of amplification is about to D ₇, J is directly connected in E ₊With BG ₁Between the collector electrode, remove R ₃, D ₅₆, BG ₂, C ₄B ₁Change B into ₂, C ₁Change C into _I, remove K from ₂, short circuit it, J _bChange J into _KBG during fault ₁Conducting J _KClosure make T charged, drive the disconnecting link tripping operation; If disconnecting link closes a floodgate fault-free J _KDisconnect (because of BG ₁Blocking-up J dead electricity), T is not charged can not to trip.

T among Fig. 8, Fig. 9, each embodiment of Figure 10 _x, be (to work as T through what guidance tape moving knife lock disconnected with rope _xWhen charged), also can drive automatic air-break switch tripping operation (if replacing disconnecting link as motor switch) with automatic air-break switch.

Figure 11, Figure 12 are with the insulation signal sensing circuit of alternating current as two kinds of embodiment of insulation test voltage, and they all can replace in Fig. 1 enforcement separately from E _{+ 2}, E ₀Obtain the insulation signal sensing circuit of Insulation Test power supply.Among Figure 11, Figure 12, C _YBe electric capacity, R _Y1, R _Y2, R _Y3, R _Y4Be resistance, C _B0Be electrochemical capacitor, D _Y1, D _Y2Be 2 utmost point pipes; Except by D ₀Transfer to the 1st the voltage comparison loop IC of IC ₁, R ₀, C _B0Be parallel to IC ₁The 2nd pin and E ₀Between outside, all the other elements all are series at B ₂, CJ _B1With O ₃, CJ _B3Between (but D _Y2Be parallel to D _Y1Go into end and E ₀Between, R _Y2Be parallel to D ₀Go into end and E ₀Between).U _S1, U _S2Can be zero-power line O ₁, B ₁Also can be the 2 sub-high pressure sides (its 1 side links to each other with 2 sides of the transformer T of operating power) of testing transformer.The difference of Figure 12 and Figure 11 is that Figure 12 has increased by D _Y1, D _Y2The rectification circuit of forming.(O among Figure 11 and Figure 12 ₃, B ₂The position all also can exchange mutually, but should make O ₃Together with CJ _B3, C _YTogether with B ₂With CJ _B1Exchange).

Figure 13, Figure 14 close a floodgate and the work tripping operation for adopting CJ, adopt automatic air-break switch DZ to carry out combined floodgate, the trip operation loop of fault trip embodiment; They can replace Fig. 3 and cooperate utilization with Fig. 1 embodiment.Figure 13 is for utilizing electromagnetic trip mechanism or breaking coil T _xMake the circuit of the situation employing of DZ tripping operation, Figure 14 is the circuit that utilizes no-voltage trip coil SY that DZ tripping operation situation is adopted.RD among Figure 13, Figure 14 _x, RD _SBe respectively protection T _x, SY fuse.Figure 13 is by B ₁, K ₂, RD _x, TA _W, CJ, C _I, HA _W, C _I2Series connection, T _x, J _bConnect in parallel with CJ and TA again and form; Figure 14 is by B ₁, K ₂, TA _W, CJ, C _I, HA _W, C _I2Series connection, SY, RD _S, J _KBe in series again and HA _W, CJ, TA _WIn parallel and form; C _I2The C phase outlet side (load-side) of expression automatic air-break switch.HA _W, TA _WControl CJ; J among Figure 13 during fault _bClosure makes T _xCharged and cause DZ tripping operation, J among Figure 14 during fault _KDisconnection, SY dead electricity cause the DZ tripping operation.

Figure 15, Figure 16 close a floodgate for Fig. 1 embodiment adopts CJ, can overlap tripping operation, automatic reclosing, adopt DZ to carry out function circuit, the trip(ping) circuit that can not overlap tripping operation (fault and operation).Figure 15 is on the HA of Fig. 1 function circuit basis, and HA is changed to the 2nd couple of normal opened contact HA of outside switch knob _WK2, from J ₂Normally closed contact J _2bNormally closed non-common port connect J ₂, again to E ₀, J among the figure ₊, J ₂₊Expression J, J ₂Anode; Figure 16 is by C _I, T _x, J ₃Normal opened contact J _3K, RD _x, K ₂, B ₁Polyphone is formed mutually, works as J among Figure 15, Figure 16 ₂During dead electricity, J _2bClosed, J ₃Charged, make J _3KClosed, cause T _xChargedly cause DZ tripping operation replacements such as () the also available automatic air-break switch DW of DZ.Figure 15, Figure 16 and Fig. 1 embodiment adapted (HA among Fig. 1 _WK2With CJ _B3For it).

Figure 17 is changed to the trip(ping) circuit that SY trips for the T with Figure 16, and it is by B ₁, K ₂, J _3b, RD _S, SY, C _I2Be composed in series CJ normally closed contact CJ _B4With J _3bParallel connection, J ₂Dead electricity, J ₃Charged, J _3bDisconnect, the SY decompression causes the DZ tripping operation.Figure 17 also with Fig. 1 embodiment adapted.

Figure 18, Figure 19 are no CJ, have only the trip(ping) circuit circuit of DZ, Figure 18, Figure 19 structure, the same respectively Figure 16 of principle, Figure 17, but its J _3K, J _3bShould easily be J _b, J _K(because J ₃With the J opposite states), they all can (but not have J with Fig. 1 embodiment adapted respectively separately ₂, J _2K, CJ _B5).Figure 19 is the T with Figure 18 _xThe trip circuit figure that changes SY into is (with T _x, J _bBe changed to S _Y, J _K), it can match with each embodiment of Fig. 1 to Figure 10.

Trip(ping) circuit when Figure 20 has only auto-transformer starter for motor switch only is B than the difference of Figure 19 ₁Become B ₂, it also can match with each embodiment (but with J _KPolyphone T _xThe person should change into J _bSeries connection SY).

Operating power voltage stabilizing circuit when Figure 21 powers for transformer T.R _EBe resistance, R ₇From R _EThe place ahead pressure.Figure 22 is R _W2Delay circuit during for doubly-linked.

The utility model is except taking to match with multiple different components, circuit (as Figure 11 to Figure 20) can suiting measures to local conditions aspect insulation test voltage, the motor switch; form outside the embodiment that is fit to different occasions; also can match, and form the embodiment that more is applicable to the multiple requirement of different user with the CJ silent running circuit, phase sequence circuit, Y-Δ commutation circuit, operating power voltage stabilizing circuit, constant time lag automatic reclosing circuit, the automatic cut-off circuit of underloading, doubly-linked push-botton operation circuit etc. that Figure 23 is Figure 37.Though Figure 23 to Figure 37 is not the essential characteristic of present embodiment, the circuit that they have with the present embodiment essential characteristic is combined into total system, more the effect of the essential characteristic that comprised of the filling performance latter; Therefore, they also are the attachment components of realizing the present embodiment essential characteristic.

Figure 23, Figure 24, Figure 25 are 3 kinds of different CJ silent running circuit, wherein before and not markedly newly be labeled as: C _W1Be electric capacity, D _WS* 4 is the bridge rectifier of 42 utmost point pipe compositions, C _W2Be electrochemical capacitor, T _WBe silent running transformer (also can unify, establish 2 groups of low pressure windings), D with T _WS1With D _WS2Be 2 utmost point pipes, RD _CBe fuse, TA _WBe outside trip button.

Figure 26, Figure 27 are Y-Δ commutation circuit, as motor Y-Δ starting and underloading by automatically switch usefulness (to save the electric energy of motor operation consumption) of Y of Δ; Wherein Figure 26, Figure 27 respectively with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 embodiment adapted (add Fig. 1, replace Fig. 4) with Figure 27 with Figure 26.Figure 28 is the 1 secondary circuit figure of Figure 26, Figure 27, and Figure 29 is the closing circuit figure of Figure 26, Figure 27.The front is not marked among Figure 26, Figure 27, Figure 28, Figure 29 is labeled as: BG ₁₃, BG ₂₃Be 3 utmost point pipes, R _{Δ 1}, R _{Δ 2}, R _{Δ 3}, R _B, R _WiBe resistance, C _Δ, C _{Δ 1}Be electrochemical capacitor, D _{The L Δ}, D _Δ, D _{Δ 3}, D _{Δ 4}, D _{Δ 0}Be 2 utmost point pipes, FG _B, FG _WBe luminous 2 utmost point pipes; BG ₁₃, BG ₂₃Be 3 utmost point pipes; CJ _Δ, CJ _YBe A.C. contactor, its main contact is respectively CJ _{Δ 2 * 3}(3 of 3 phases), CJ _Y2* 2 (3 mutually in 2); J _ΔBe relay, J _{Δ b}, J _{Δ K}Be respectively J _ΔNormally closed, normal opened contact; X, Y, Z are 3 tail ends of motor windings A, B, C3 phase.(Figure 29 also can: from CJ _Y, CJ _Δ, CJ removes the corresponding automatic air-break switch of break-make; Form Figure 28 circuit by the latter).

Figure 30 is the automatic reclosing circuit of constant time lag, and the not marked mark SJ in front, ZJ are respectively the time relay, auxiliary relay, ZJ among the figure _KBe the normal opened contact of ZJ, HK is the tripping operation control switch that closes a floodgate (tripping operation is for overlapping tripping operation).As with dashed lines circuit connected device spare not without ZJ then adopts HK; If adopt ZJ, then with dashed lines circuit and TA, HA, ZJ, ZJ without HK _KFigure 31 is corresponding 2 secondary circuits of Figure 30, wherein J ₊Positive potential end for relay J; J ₊Normal opened contact SJ by the SJ that is in parallel _K(should be timing closing, time-delay disconnection), CJ _K1With E ₊Link to each other.If adopt Figure 30, Figure 31 circuit, then if Fig. 1 embodiment cooperates with it and can save R _Wt2With J ₂SJ _KThe timing closing time should be obviously greater than 7 times of electric motor starting time." impermanent tripping operation is coincidence signal not ": can be by ZJ _KNon-B side is drawn by CJ _bThe line of locking, through annunciator to C ₁(if by J ₂Overlap then by J ₊Draw with CJ _bThe line of locking arrives E through annunciator ₀); The little time-delay (exchanging then first rectification) that should have series resistance, associated capacitance to cause.

Figure 32 is light moving automatic cut-off circuit, wherein R _B12, R ₄₂Be resistance, D _CCBe 2 utmost point pipes; If Fig. 1 embodiment cooperates with it and can save R _Wt2With J ₂, BG ₁₂Base stage is passed through R _B12Connect E ₊, BG ₂₂Collector electrode (the former J that connects _2-Point) changes even G _1cAdopt Figure 32 circuit then not adopt J ₂Self-starting but can be adopted the self-starting of Figure 30, Figure 31, but SJ _KThe time of timing closing should be obviously greater than underloading excision time-delay.(R when using Figure 32 ₃₂, R ₄₂All can be about 150K R _B12Can be about 30K), and HA, HA _WShould be again and CJ _K1Parallel connection, former CJ at this moment _K1Use other CJ _K).

Figure 33 singly connects the push-botton operation circuit for using; CJ among the figure _K4For the normal opened contact of CJ, with CJ _B3Replace HA _K2To C ₂₀Charging is with CJ _B3Locking "on" position E ₊With C ₂₀Contact, no longer use the doubly-linked button.When CJ often opens, can add when normally closed contact is not enough 1 pull-in winding auxiliary CJ in parallel with the CJ pull-in winding or auxiliary ZJ; If the CJ coil current is bigger, (or ZJ removes break-make CJ then can to assist CJ, but can utilize auxiliary CJ or the normally closed contact of ZJ and the normally closed normal opened contact of CJ this moment, if contact is still not enough, then CJ also will another auxiliary CJ in parallel again or ZJ (or by the CJ break-make latter with the latter's normal opened contact).(when CJ often opens, normally closed contact is not enough when not intending expanding again, Figure 33 must be changeed back and use HA _K2, HA _WK2Replaced C J _B3, and use HA _B2String HA _Wb2Replaced C J _K4The CJ that vacates _K1, can be used for the constant time lag automatic reclosing or do not have when overlapping automatically and HA, HA _WIn parallel; But with HA _Wb2For CJ _K4To bring abnormal state can be continuously closing function by force, be interrupted and then still can not close by force).

The utility model not only can be protected low voltage motor, also can: be applied to the protection of electric welding machine, transformer, electrical equipment and high-voltage motor, economize on electricity.The utility model can be used for AC and DC, single, 3 phase systems (current transformer can be 11 mutually, or 33,4 or 32 mutually mutually---independence, differential, parallel connection); Direct current machine is then obtained current differential signal or is flowed signal (E with the magnetosensitive device power taking with resistance pressure reduction ₊Get with resistance, voltage-stabiliser tube).

If the utility model is used for high-voltage motor (voltage is 3KV～6KV or high voltage more), then automatic air-break switch should be high-voltage switch gear (or high-tension oil switch), or adopts A.C. contactor control high-voltage switch gear; Current transformer can be with 11 or 22 or 33 (exporting 2 utmost point pipes with various current signals separately respectively imports to amplification control circuit) mutually mutually mutually; Each transformer can adopt 380V or 220V power supply; In addition, also can increase the preface signal wave current sensing circuit of high pressure temperature signal sensing circuit as Figure 34 (band inverse time lag circuit) and Figure 35.The front is not marked among Figure 34 is labeled as: T ₃, T _GBe transformer (T ₃Be stabilized voltage power supply), D _G* 4 is the bridge rectifier of 42 utmost point pipe compositions, R _G, R _T0Be resistance, C _G, C _MtBe electrochemical capacitor, R _Mt, R _WG, R _WGK, R _Mt0Be potentiometer (transferring in the back 3), D _Mt, D _MK, D _8tBe 2 utmost point pipes, T _GBe loaded on the near (T of connection box for motor _GIron core grounding, two windings divide stem stem, the same high-voltage motor of the class of insulation); Figure 34 removes R _MF, T _GRemainder, Figure 34 all can be assemblied in shell separately separately, also can unify to be assemblied in the motor protecter.The front is not marked among Figure 35 is labeled as: 1 grade of B phase, C phase, zero sequence current mutual inductor are LH _1B, LH _1C, LH ₁₀LH _2b, LH _2CBe 2 grades of B, C phase current mutual inductor; R _1b, R _4C, R _WB, R _WCBe potentiometer, R _2b, R _E1, R _E2Be resistance, X _3CFor electric capacity (makes R _Ib=R _4C=R _2b R _4CAngle modulation, R _1bAmplitude modulation is to eliminate forward-order current); D _Φ, D _-1, D _-2, D _-, D _L-, D _K-, D ₀₁, D ₀₂, D ₀₀, D _LO, D _KOBe 2 utmost point pipes, C _Φ, C _-, C _1-, C _OO, C ₁₀Be electrochemical capacitor, R _W-, R _WO, R _-t, R _K-, R _Ot, R _KO, R _{μ Φ}, R _μ-, R _{μ O}Be potentiometer (except that first three, being generally interior accent), μ _Φ, μ _-, μ ₀Be galvanometer (being generally microammeter).Figure 35 can be used as a specific installation, exports 1 time, 2 times, 3 primary current signal (μ ₊, μ _-, μ ₀), fault display signal (D _Φ, D _-, D _OO), deferred action signal (D _L, D _L-, D _LO), go back break signal (D _K, D _K-, D _KO).And μ _Φ, μ _-, μ ₀With R _{μ Φ}, R _μ-, R _{μ 0}And D _Φ, D _-, D _OOConnect display circuit " (to special-purpose BG and luminous 2 utmost point pipes) can do ordering signal wave current display separately and (contain BG ₁The PNP total failare signal of starting), also they all can be assemblied in the motor protecter.(negative-sequence current is adjusted and is taken as 0.2～0.4 times of motor rated current); (simple and easy preface signal wave current transducer can be with D _B, D _C, D _-2, D ₀With D ₂* 4 (or halfwave rectifier D ₂Output) output be in parallel, and with D _B, D _C, D _-2, D ₀The former institute of output connection circuit part is all removed, but D _-1Change potentiometer into, its moved end links to each other with quiet end.Figure 36 is other a kind of preface signal wave current transducer, wherein D _LA, D _LB, D _LC, D _L+Be 2 utmost point pipes, R _A, R _B, R _C, R _2C, R _Ao, R _Bo, I _CoBe resistance, X _4b, X _4CBe electric capacity, R _3b, R _3C, R _1C, R _W+, R _W-, R _WABe potentiometer, T _a, T _b, T _cBe current signal transformer, LH _1ABe 1 grade of A phase current mutual inductor, if LH _1A, LH _LCFor current mutual inductor with high transforming ratio then can be with R _A, R _B, R _CChange potentiometer into and omit T _a, T _b, T _c(the former circuit that connects their secondary directly meets R _A, R _B, R _C, R _A, R _B, R _CPress the variable resistor connection); In addition, if no LH _1AThe time, also can be with LH _1B, LH _1CI is passed through on former limit _B-I _C, I _C-I _AWith elimination zero sequence ripple.(also can be with R _1b, R _1cThe sound end separates, with 1 side of both sides, the moved end R that holds concurrently _2b, R _2c).

The utility model stands on the prior art; both had unique feature; the advantage of comprehensive similar technology again; and be to give full play to its feature, advantage according to diversified demand combinations; make every effort to advanced and the unified various embodiments of economy; thereby a kind of applicability is very big, technical-economic index optimization is strong for electric motor protecting provides, thereby by the enormously potential technology of practice.Its different embodiment can be used for medium and small and large-size machine, and low pressure and high-voltage motor (switch becomes high-voltage switch gear) exchange and direct current machine, motor and generator.Certainly, its applicability, superiority remain certain limit, certain limit is arranged, certain epochal character is arranged, and exceeds these boundaries, then still awaits the appearance of advanced new technology more of electric motor protecting technical field.

Claims (7)

1. motor protecter, it is by operating power, signal sensing circuit, the control amplifying circuit, relay is formed, and it is one of following 4 kinds that the operating power that it is characterized in that it can be: or use transformer-supplied, and at this moment its signal sensing circuit comprises the current signal sensing circuit at least, the temperature signal sensing circuit, the insulation signal sensing circuit that is linked to be by the divider resistance of the auxiliary normally closed contact of Insulation Test power supply, motor main switch, motor housing, 1 end of incoming cables of motor, current-limiting resistance, output signal; Or 2 side power supplies of Current Transformer, at this moment its signal sensing circuit comprises the current signal sensing circuit at least; Or with the pull-in winding power supply of the contactor of motor, at this moment its signal sensing circuit comprises the temperature signal sensing circuit at least; Or with powering behind the capacitance decompression, at this moment its signal sensing circuit comprises current signal sensing circuit or temperature signal sensing circuit at least; The dc output end of its operating power and control, amplifying circuit with just, the zero potential end links to each other; Its each signal sensing circuit is exported 2 utmost point pipes by signal separately respectively and is linked to each other with control, input amplifier; The pull-in winding of relay links to each other with control, amplifying circuit and output, and the contact of relay is connected among the loop of control motor main switch break-make.

2. motor protecter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the operating power with transformer-supplied according to claim 1 is made up of transformer and rectification circuit; The operating power of 2 sides of Current Transformer power supply is by 2 sides of current transformer and rectification circuit, and the current signal resistance that 2 utmost point pipe series combination or voltage-stabiliser tube, series connection are with it shunted in the voltage stabilizing that is parallel to rectification circuit output end is formed; Operating power with the pull-in winding power supply of the contactor of motor is in series by contactor pull-in winding and rectification circuit, and rectification circuit input end also is in parallel with the contactor normally closed contact.

3. motor protecter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, current signal sensing circuit according to claim 1 is obtained signal by 1 grade or 2 grades of current transformers; The temperature signal sensing circuit is made up of humid test power supply, thermistor or other temperature-sensitive elements; Temperature-sensitive element can be loaded on motor coil, motor housing, motor bearings vicinity; Each current signal, temperature signal sensing circuit have Signal Regulation potentiometer separately respectively.

4. motor protecter according to claim 1 is characterized in that Insulation Test power supply according to claim 1 both can be obtained by direct current operative power source; Can obtain through electric capacity, resistance step-down current limliting by AC power again; Also can be got by 2 sub-high pressure side-draws of Insulation Test transformer, 1 side of this transformer links to each other with 2 sides of operating power transformer; Humid test power supply according to claim 3 by direct current operative power source through the resistance step-down; Obtain after the voltage-stabiliser tube voltage stabilizing.

5. motor protecter according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; control according to claim 1, amplifying circuit comprise the two-stage amplifying circuit at least; the input amplifier element of elementary amplifying circuit can be 3 utmost point pipe or voltage comparators, and the amplifier element of final stage power amplification circuit is 3 utmost point pipes.

6. motor protecter according to claim 1; the contact that it is characterized in that relay according to claim 1 is connected among the loop of control motor main switch break-make; both can be in the pull-in winding loop of 1 docking point of the relay contactor that is connected in series with motor; 1 docking point that can be relay again is connected in series with in the no-voltage trip coil or closing coil loop of starting switchs such as automatic air-break switch or auto-transformer starter; 1 docking point that can also be relay is connected in the shunt opening trip coil or breaking coil loop of automatic air-break switch, also can be that 1 docking point of relay is connected in series with in the breaking coil loop that drives the disconnecting link switch.

7. motor protecter according to claim 1 is characterized in that according to claim 6ly, is connected in series with by relay 1 docking point among the loop of pull-in winding of contactor of motor, and this contactor both can be directly with the alternating current adhesive; Again can the direct current adhesive, when with the direct current adhesive, can add the DC operation circuit of forming by this contactor normally closed contact, 2 utmost point pipes, electric capacity or electric capacity and transformer.

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