CN221277862U - Device for realizing combustion process of internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition - Google Patents
Device for realizing combustion process of internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a combustion process realizing device based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition, which is a technical device for realizing the combustion process of the combustion process by arranging a combustion chamber outside a cylinder barrel of the internal combustion engine, arranging a nozzle capable of spraying fuel timely as required and a constant-temperature heating device capable of setting and adjusting temperature as required on the combustion chamber, arranging a throttling channel between the combustion chamber and the cylinder barrel according to the required air flow circulation intensity, utilizing the air pressure difference formed by the throttling effect of the throttling channel between the cylinder barrel and the combustion chamber to enable the air flow entering the combustion chamber to flow out at high speed and form circulating air flow under the drainage of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, realizing the second direct ignition of the fuel by the constant-temperature heating device, and enabling the throttling channel to enter the cylinder barrel to generate deflagration to realize acting when the combustion process is expanded after the combustion process is ignited. The device for realizing the combustion process by adopting the device comprises four parts: ① combustion chambers; ② A throttle passage; ③ A constant temperature heating device; ④ A fuel injector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for realizing a combustion process of an internal combustion engine, in particular to a device for realizing the combustion process of the internal combustion engine based on the characteristic of forced circulation hot-surface ignition, which belongs to the technical category of the field of internal combustion engines.
Background
There are two combustion processes of current internal combustion engines:
A spark plug ignition combustion process represented by a gasoline engine, wherein the combustion process is spark initiation-spark initiation combustion, namely initiation of combustion is initiated by electric sparks generated by spark plug discharge, the initial moment of combustion is determined by the moment of first discharge of the spark plug, in the process, a compression stroke of an internal combustion engine compresses a mixture of fuel and air, the spark plug discharge ignites and initiates partial combustion of the mixture at a specific moment in the compression process, the combustion process immediately starts, the mixture after partial ignition ignites the rest of the mixture which is not ignited by spontaneous propagation of flame, and the combustion process is characterized by comprising two combustion stages, namely an initial combustion stage and a diffusion combustion stage, wherein the initial combustion stage is spark plug discharge, and a part of air-fuel mixture contacting spark is ignited for combustion, and the diffusion combustion stage is a stage of igniting other part of the mixture by flame after ignition of the spark plug.
The main problems of this combustion process are: ① The fuel is required to have good volatility, and only the fuel with good volatility can be fully mixed with air, so that the fuel can be normally combusted, and only the fuel with extremely close viscosity and volatility to the gasoline can be used as the fuel of the combustion process in the combustion process mode; ② The fuel is required to have good antiknock property, namely the self-ignition resistance in the compression process, and the fuel is not ignited in the compression stroke only because the fuel has good antiknock property, so that the phenomena of knocking and pre-ignition occur; ③ The fuel to be supplied must be in a certain temperature range, below which the fuel cannot be normally ignited and complete the combustion process because of the inability to volatilize and mix with air, which is in fact a common cold start problem at present; ④ The spark sensitivity of the fuel reaches a certain standard, and the fuel below the standard cannot be ignited by the electric spark emitted by the spark plug; ⑤ The compression ratio of the cylinder has the highest requirement, and when the compression ratio is higher than the highest requirement, the mixed air is ignited at the non-ignition moment due to the fact that the temperature of the mixed air reaches the ignition point due to the fact that the compression ratio is too high, and the phenomenon of pre-ignition or deflagration and knocking is generated; ⑥ The temperature in the cylinder is required to be within a certain range, and below the temperature, the injected fuel cannot be ignited by spark because the injected fuel is heated insufficiently and cannot be evaporated; ⑦ The combustion speed of the required fuel must reach a certain standard, otherwise incomplete combustion, serious power reduction and the like can be caused; ⑧ The cylinder bore of the engine is limited by the presence of knocking so that the power of the internal combustion engine of such a combustion process cannot exceed a certain value.
The above problems have made it possible to select essentially only low flash point, high antiknock (octane) fuels such as gasoline for the spark plug ignition combustion process.
The second is a compression ignition combustion process represented by a diesel engine: the combustion process is "fuel injection initiation-compression-induced combustion initiated by hot air", specifically, initiation of combustion is initiated by the compression-induced hot air, and the initiation of combustion is determined by the timing of the injection of the fuel mist. In this process, the compression stroke of the internal combustion engine compresses pure air, and at a particular moment in the compression process, the fuel injector injects a fuel mist jet, which is ignited in contact with hot air compressed to rise above the ignition point of the fuel, and the combustion process begins immediately. Similarly, the flame after the initial ignition spontaneously propagates the oil mist sprayed after ignition, that is, the combustion process also comprises an initial combustion stage and a diffusion combustion stage, wherein the initial combustion stage is a stage that compressed air generates high temperature, the sprayed oil mist contacts the high temperature air to be ignited and burnt, and the diffusion combustion stage is a stage that the oil mist sprayed after ignition is ignited by the flame generated in the initial combustion stage to be burnt.
The main problems of this combustion process are: ① The spontaneous combustion temperature of the fuel is required to meet a certain standard, and the fuel cannot be ignited by high-temperature air with a certain temperature; ② The temperature of the fuel must meet certain standards, and is too low to be ignited; ③ The heat of vaporization characteristics of the fuel must meet the criteria; ④ The compression ratio must reach a certain height below which the compression stroke cannot compress and warm the temperature of the air to a temperature sufficient to ignite the fuel; ④ The combustion speed of the fuel must reach the standard, otherwise, the phenomenon of serious power reduction and even flameout caused by combustion lag and insufficient combustion occurs; ⑤ The waste gas which generates a large amount of harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides after combustion can be subjected to environmental protection reduction treatment in a post-treatment link by using an additional reducing agent.
The existence of the above problems determines that the compression ignition combustion process is basically only suitable for diesel fuel, which is a fuel with lower octane number and higher cetane number.
The two combustion processes can only select two fossil energy sources with larger pollution, namely gasoline or diesel, as fuel, but cannot select a plurality of environment-friendly alternative fuels with larger differences between physicochemical properties and combustion characteristics and gasoline and diesel (such as natural gas, methanol, hydrogen and the like), so that the development of an internal combustion engine capable of overcoming the problems of the internal combustion engine is obviously unsuitable in the era of carbon neutralization in the prior high-lift environment-friendly flag, and has very important practical significance for realizing the environmental protection reality target and realizing the environment-friendly target of carbon neutralization in the early days.
The invention is a technical scheme with great innovation value which is developed for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a combustion process realizing device based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition, which is characterized in that a combustion chamber is arranged outside a cylinder barrel of the internal combustion engine, a fuel nozzle capable of spraying proper fuel timely as required and a constant-temperature heating device capable of setting and adjusting temperature according to the requirement are arranged on the combustion chamber, a throttling passage which is arranged between the combustion chamber and the cylinder barrel and penetrates through the combustion chamber according to a throttling coefficient required by the circulating strength of air flow is arranged between the combustion chamber and the cylinder barrel, the air flow entering the combustion chamber flows out at a high speed by utilizing the air pressure difference produced between the throttling passage and the combustion chamber and forms a high-speed circulating air flow under the drainage of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the high-speed air flow and/or the high-speed circulating air flow impact the fuel sprayed by the fuel nozzle to be mixed with air in the air flow to form mixed gas with a certain air-fuel ratio, and the mixed gas is firstly ignited and then enters the cylinder barrel through the throttling passage when contacting the heating surface of the constant-temperature heating device in the combustion chamber when being ignited and expanded;
The device is used for realizing that the internal combustion engine in the combustion process does not have a pulse spark plug for igniting fuel, and in the device, the spark plug is not used for igniting the fuel, and the internal combustion engine in the combustion process does not have or does not need an ignition device such as a spark plug.
The device is used for realizing that the internal combustion engine in the combustion process ignites the fuel which is not compressed and heated high-temperature air, the internal combustion engine adopting the device does not have the compression ratio which has to meet the requirement of a certain height like a diesel engine, namely, the device does not have the specific compression ratio requirement of compressing and heating the air in a cylinder to a certain temperature, the ignition of the fuel is not directly related to the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine, the ignition of the fuel does not depend on the ignition of the compressed and heated high-temperature air in the cylinder barrel, the ignition of the fuel is irrelevant to the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine, the ignition of the fuel is irrelevant to the temperature of the fuel, and the internal combustion engine has no cold start problem.
The internal combustion engine adopting the device for realizing the combustion process also has no compression ratio requirement which can not be exceeded by the highest compression ratio like a gasoline engine, namely the setting of the compression ratio does not need to consider the problem of 'antiknock' of fuel, and is not influenced by indexes such as the octane number and/or the cetane number of the fuel.
The combustion process of the internal combustion engine is realized by adopting the device, namely, the heating surface of a constant-temperature heating device is used for igniting fuel, the device is preheated to a set temperature before the internal combustion engine is started, and then the set temperature is kept unchanged during the whole working period of the internal combustion engine;
The ignition window period of the internal combustion engine adopting the device to realize the combustion process is not the moment when the air-fuel mixture reaches the cylinder barrel, but the moment when the air in the cylinder barrel is compressed and then is heated to the ignition point temperature of specific fuel, but the whole period from the heating of the constant temperature heating device to the set constant temperature to the stop of the engine is the ignition window period of the internal combustion engine, namely any moment from the heating of the constant temperature heating device to the set constant temperature state to the start of the stop of the engine, the internal combustion engine has the condition of igniting the fuel, and the long period is a period which is far higher than milliseconds or microseconds.
The combustion process of an internal combustion engine using the device can be ignited at any time of any one of the intake, compression, power or exhaust strokes, which is significantly different from the existing combustion processes of diesel engines (i.e. compression ignition), gasoline engines (i.e. ignition), the ignition of which can only take place at a specific time of the compression stroke, and this specific time is also a very short period of time in milliseconds or even microseconds.
An internal combustion engine adopting the device for realizing the combustion process is provided with a combustion chamber above a cylinder barrel of a cylinder body;
The combustion chamber is provided with a constant-temperature heating device and a fuel nozzle, the heating surface of the constant-temperature heating device stretches into a proper position of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber, the injection outlet end of the fuel nozzle stretches into a proper position of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber, and the volume of the combustion chamber is generally calibrated through experiments according to the requirement of the power of the internal combustion engine on the maximum and/or minimum combustion volume.
A throttling channel which is manufactured according to throttling coefficients calculated according to the functional relation of the volume of the cylinder barrel, the volume of the combustion chamber and the required circulating intensity and penetrates through the cylinder barrel and the combustion chamber is arranged between the cylinder barrel and the combustion chamber, the volume of the channel is matched with the power of an internal combustion engine, and the width of the channel is generally equal to the width of the heating surface of the constant-temperature heating device;
The throttling effect of the throttling channel causes the air pressure in the cylinder barrel and the air pressure of the combustion chamber to generate a set air pressure difference when the piston in the compression stroke moves, and the air pressure difference causes air entering the combustion chamber from the cylinder barrel to form an air flow which circulates at a high speed according to a set circulating strength;
The throttle passage has the function that when the internal combustion engine works, air in the cylinder barrel is extruded through the passage by the upward movement of a piston in the cylinder barrel at a high speed of a compression stroke, so that the air is forced to form high-pressure air flow under the throttle effect of the passage, the high-pressure air flow enters the combustion chamber from one end of the throttle passage connected with the inner cavity of the combustion chamber, and high-speed flowing circulating air flow is formed under the drainage of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the high-pressure air flow and/or the high-speed flowing circulating air flow impact fuel sprayed by a fuel nozzle to fully mix the fuel with the air in the air flow, the mixed air is directly ignited for the second time when the mixed air is shodded to the constant-temperature heating device in the circulation and contacts with the heating surface of the constant-temperature heating device, and the ignited air flow rapidly expands and enters the cylinder barrel along the throttle passage to deflagrate to realize acting.
The constant temperature heating device in the combustion process is electrified to heat to a set constant temperature before the internal combustion engine is started, and continuously maintains the constant temperature in the working process of the internal combustion engine, wherein the constant temperature is set corresponding to the combustion characteristic of the fuel which is currently used, and can directly ignite the fuel, and the temperature generally corresponds to the ignition temperature of the fuel and can be higher than the ignition temperature corresponding to the fuel;
The constant temperature heating device has the function of directly igniting corresponding fuel through a heating surface which continuously keeps the set temperature, not preheating the temperature of the cylinder block and/or air in the cylinder, nor preheating the fuel to raise the temperature of the air entering the combustion chamber, so that the constant temperature heating device in the internal combustion engine adopting the realizing device starts working from the prior of starting the internal combustion engine, and the heating and constant temperature state is kept until the internal combustion engine stops working;
The ignition window of the internal combustion engine implementing the device for realizing the combustion process is not limited to the specific moment of the compression stroke, but covers any moment of all strokes, namely the internal combustion engine adopting the device for realizing can ignite the fuel which reaches the surface of the constant temperature heating device and has the ignition point corresponding to the constant temperature of the fuel at any moment of any stroke;
the heating value and the constant temperature of the constant temperature heating device can be changed according to different fuels and working conditions as required, the fuel is set as required, the fuel supply system and the combustion system of the internal combustion engine are not required to be changed, the ignition mode of the internal combustion engine is not required to be changed, and the constant temperature of the constant temperature heating device is only required to be adjusted according to the combustion characteristic and the working condition of the currently used fuel;
The fuel nozzle of the internal combustion engine adopting the device to complete the combustion process is not directly related to specific fuel properties, the diesel nozzle is not required to be installed when diesel is used, the gasoline nozzle is required to be installed when gasoline is used, and the corresponding gas fuel nozzle is required to be installed when liquefied gas and natural gas are used, so that the fuel nozzle can be suitable for various fuels in general;
The internal combustion engine employing the combustion process can be indifferently fueled by any gaseous or liquid fuel that can be combusted at a temperature without changing the engine fuel supply system and combustion system, including but not limited to diesel, gasoline, kerosene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, methane, hydrogen, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), natural gas, and the like, liquid/gaseous fuels suitable for atomization into an air-fuel mixture within the internal combustion engine.
The device for carrying out the combustion process comprises four parts: ① combustion chambers; ② A throttle passage; ③ A constant temperature heating device; ④ A fuel injector:
the combustion chamber is a cavity arranged above a cylinder barrel of the cylinder body, the cavity can be arranged into a cylinder, a spherical body and a cylinder spherical surface combination body, optimally, as shown in figure 1, the cavity is arranged into a cylindrical blind hole cavity with the top being the inner wall of the spherical cavity and the lower part being the inner cavity of the cylinder, and the opening of the cavity corresponds to the opening of the cylinder barrel and is communicated with the throttle passage;
the combustion chamber can be arranged on a cylinder cover of the internal combustion engine, and can be arranged at other positions except the cylinder cover when needed, and optimally, the combustion chamber is generally arranged at a proper position on the cylinder cover;
The upper part of the combustion chamber is provided with two internal threaded holes which penetrate through the outer wall of the combustion chamber to the inner cavity of the combustion chamber and are respectively used for installing and fixing the constant-temperature heating device and the fuel injector;
the spherical cavity at the upper part of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber is used for guiding high-pressure airflow from the throttling channel to form circulating airflow;
The volume of the combustion chamber is set according to the power and working condition change requirements of the internal combustion engine according to the proportion or calibrated data, and optimally, the calibrated data is generally selected for setting, wherein the calibration generally refers to experimental determination of function change curves of maximum and minimum combustion chamber volumes required by real-time working condition change of the internal combustion engine with different powers by using instruments such as a dynamometer, a precise flow sensor, a high-precision electronic balance, a power detector and the like.
The throttle channel is a duct which is designed to be communicated with the combustion chamber and the cylinder barrel of the internal combustion engine according to the throttle coefficient required by the air flow circulation intensity, one end port of the duct is tightly connected and communicated with the opening end of the cylinder barrel, the other end port of the duct is tightly connected and communicated with the opening of the blind hole inner cavity of the combustion chamber, through the duct, air flow propelled from the cylinder barrel to the combustion chamber can generate an air pressure difference at two ends of the duct due to the throttle effect of the duct, the air pressure difference enables the air flow propelled to the combustion chamber to flow out at a high speed after entering the combustion chamber, and the air flow flowing out at the high speed forms high-pressure and high-speed circulating air flow in the combustion chamber under the drainage of the inner wall of the combustion chamber;
The length, width, height and volume of the throttling channel are set according to throttling coefficients calculated according to a certain mathematical function relation of the cylinder barrel volume, the combustion chamber volume and the airflow circulating strength;
During the compression stroke of the internal combustion engine, air in the cylinder barrel is pushed into the combustion chamber by the piston through the throttling passage to be mixed with fuel, and the gas in the combustion chamber, including the ignited mixed gas, enters the cylinder barrel from the throttling passage to be combusted to do work so as to complete the work stroke;
When the internal combustion engine exhausts the stroke, the fuel nozzle ejects the fuel again to mix with the residual air in the combustion chamber and is ignited by the constant temperature heating device to generate incomplete combustion, a large amount of reducing gas such as carbon monoxide is generated by the incomplete combustion, the reducing gas enters into the exhaust valve through the throttling channel to be mixed with tail gas generated in the power stroke, the tail gas mixed with the reducing gas is subjected to chemical reduction reaction under the action of a catalyst in the aftertreatment system, and the reducing reaction reduces harmful gas in the tail gas into pollutants with no harmful substances or low harm.
The constant temperature heating device is a heating device which can set the heating temperature according to the spontaneous combustion temperature and the combustion characteristic of the fuel and constantly maintain the set temperature;
The constant temperature heating device is fixedly arranged on the combustion chamber through one of the internal threaded holes on the combustion chamber, a heating part of the constant temperature heating device stretches into a proper position in the combustion chamber through the internal threaded hole, and a non-heating part is arranged outside the combustion chamber;
The constant temperature heating device is connected with a starting power supply or other power supplies of the internal combustion engine to obtain a power supply, and optimally, the constant temperature heating device is generally connected with the starting power supply of the internal combustion engine to obtain the power supply;
The heat storage capacity and the constant temperature of the constant temperature heating device are set after being calibrated according to the combustion characteristics of different fuels under different working conditions, the constant temperature heating device is realized in a mechanical or electronic mode, one heating device can set a plurality of constant temperature temperatures corresponding to different fuels and adjust/select the current constant temperature in a manual/electronic mode under the condition of using different fuels, optimally, the current constant temperature is generally selected to be adjusted/selected electronically, when the electronic mode is selected, the calibration data are stored on an ECU (electronic control unit) of the internal combustion engine, and the ECU automatically selects the constant temperature corresponding to the combustion characteristics of the fuel according to the detected fuel and regulates the heating time and the heat storage capacity of the constant temperature heating device in real time according to the stored calibration data;
The calibration refers to experimental determination of a function change curve of heat accumulation capacity which is required by the real-time working condition change of the internal combustion engine with different powers and keeps the set constant temperature to be the maximum and minimum by using instruments such as a dynamometer, a precise flow sensor, a temperature sensor, a high-precision electronic balance, a power detector and the like;
The constant temperature heating device is set at a constant temperature corresponding to different fuels, namely the temperature at which the corresponding fuels can be directly ignited, namely the fuels corresponding to the constant temperature can be directly ignited.
The fuel injector is a valve device capable of injecting a certain amount of fuel at a given moment, and the valve device can be a mechanical valve device or an electronic valve device, and optimally, the electronic valve device is generally selected;
the fuel injector is arranged at a proper position on the combustion chamber through one of the internal threaded holes on the combustion chamber, the injection outlet end of the fuel injector is arranged in the combustion chamber, and the rest part of the fuel injector is arranged outside the combustion chamber;
The time and the duration of the fuel sprayed by the fuel injector are calibrated according to the fuel type, the power and the power change, the control strategy, the technical requirement and the working condition change of the internal combustion engine, the spraying time and the duration of the fuel injector are set according to calibrated data, the fuel is controlled and realized through a mechanical or electronic device, the control and the realization of the electronic device are optimally and generally selected, when an electronic mode is selected, the calibrated data are stored on an ECU (electronic control unit) of the internal combustion engine, and the ECU can timely adjust the spraying time and/or the spraying quantity of the fuel according to the detected fuel attribute and the working condition change;
The calibration refers to experimental determination of a change curve of maximum and minimum fuel mass required by real-time working condition change of the internal combustion engine with different powers by using instruments such as a dynamometer, a precise flow sensor, a high-precision electronic balance, a power detector and the like;
The fuel injector is installed in the combustion chamber only by ensuring that fuel sprayed from an injection outlet end can enter the circulating air flow, no special installation angle or position is required, no special consideration is required to be given to the injection angle and/or the morphological characteristics of spray, no special consideration is required to be given to the atomization effect, namely the granularity of sprayed fuel mist drops, and no special technical requirement is required to be followed by the installation position of a nozzle, so long as the injected fuel is beneficial to entering the circulating air flow;
The fuel injector is a valve injection device which can adapt to the physical and chemical properties of fuel with various viscosity, chemical corrosiveness and atomization properties, and the fuel injector does not need to be replaced when the fuel is replaced, which is obviously different from the condition that the current nozzle of an internal combustion engine generally requires strict correspondence with the viscosity of specific fuel, such as the gasoline nozzle of a gasoline engine cannot be used for a diesel engine, and the nozzle of a diesel engine cannot be used for a gasoline engine, because the viscosity of two fuels is different, if the fuel is misused, the nozzle cannot be opened to spray the fuel, or the fuel cannot be leaked due to sealing.
The internal combustion engine adopting the device to complete the combustion process can selectively ignite fuel at any time of any one of an air suction stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke or an exhaust stroke according to the requirement, generally, the internal combustion engine is selectively ignited once in the compression stroke to complete the power of the internal combustion engine, and the reducing gas is selectively ignited once in the exhaust stroke to assist in manufacturing the reducing gas to reduce the waste gas generated in the power stroke, reduce the waste gas emission and reduce the pollutant/harmful concentration in the waste gas emission.
The basic process of one working cycle of an internal combustion engine employing the device to complete the combustion process is:
1. Preheating: before the internal combustion engine is started, the constant-temperature heating device starts to heat, and the constant temperature is maintained after the constant-temperature heating device is heated to a preset temperature;
2. Forced circulation forms an air flow: after the constant temperature heating device is heated to a set temperature, the internal combustion engine is started, after an air suction stroke, the compression stroke of the internal combustion engine is started, air in the cylinder barrel is extruded by the piston to flow to the throttling channel ② quickly, and when the air flow which is extruded and flows quickly enters the combustion chamber ① through the throttling channel ②, the air flow flows into the combustion chamber ① at a high speed under the action of a throttling effect and forms high-speed circulating air flow in the combustion chamber ① under the drainage of the inner wall of the combustion chamber ①;
3. Fuel injection: the fuel injector ④ sprays a certain amount of fuel fog jet timely, and the air flow with high-speed circulation flow breaks up the fuel sprayed timely by the fuel nozzle into fog and mixes the fog with air to form mixed gas, and then the mixed gas is quickly gushed into the constant-temperature heating device ④;
4. Initiation and end of the combustion process: the mixed air flowing toward the constant temperature heating device ④ contacts the high temperature hot surface of the constant temperature heating device ④ and is then directly ignited by the hot surface of the constant temperature heating device ④; 5. gas expansion work: the mixed gas ignited by the heating surface of the constant temperature heating device rapidly expands at the moment of ignition and then rapidly enters the cylinder barrel through the throttling channel ② to be exploded and burned to do work;
6. Reduction treatment of tail gas: in the exhaust stroke, the fuel nozzle ejects fuel again, the fuel is ignited by the constant temperature generating device ④ after being mixed with the air remained in the combustion chamber ① and enters the exhaust valve through the throttling passage ②, and the ignited mixed gas is insufficiently combusted due to insufficient oxygen content of the air remained after the combustion chamber ① is combusted in the power stroke, so that a large amount of reducing gas is generated by the insufficient combustion, the reducing gas is fully mixed with the exhaust gas generated in the power stroke after entering the exhaust valve, and the reducing gas and the harmful gas in the exhaust gas are subjected to chemical reduction reaction under the action of the catalyst in the aftertreatment system device to reduce the harmful gas in the exhaust gas.
The ignition during the exhaust stroke described above is not a part of the combustion process, that is to say, the ignition during the exhaust stroke is not a constituent and/or component part of the combustion process of the internal combustion engine based on forced-circulation hot-face ignition, but rather the implementation means of the combustion process makes use of the advantage of its ignition window period covering the entire working process of the internal combustion engine to select an operation for raising the exhaust emission standard, which may or may not be carried out, which does not carry out nor affect the completion of the combustion process, which does not affect the integrity of the combustion process, unless otherwise specified, which is merely referred to as a combustion process occurring during the power stroke.
The implementation of the invention has the following effects:
1. The internal combustion engine may be indifferently fueled by any gaseous or liquid source of energy that burns at a temperature, including but not limited to diesel, gasoline, kerosene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, methane, hydrogen, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), natural gas, and any other liquid and/or gaseous fuel suitable for atomizing into an air-fuel mixture in the internal combustion engine.
2. The internal combustion engine can completely realize the construction of the reducing atmosphere in the tail gas treatment by the control means and the structure thereof under the condition of not using the additional reducing agent such as urea and the like, thereby greatly simplifying the tail gas treatment system.
3. The ignition temperature of the internal combustion engine can be changed as needed and set as needed according to the combustion characteristics of the fuel, in particular, the ignition point of the fuel.
4. The fuel supply system and the combustion system of the internal combustion engine are not required to be changed when the fuel is changed, the ignition mode of the internal combustion engine is not required to be changed, and the type of the fuel can be arbitrarily selected according to the need in the fuel range of the calibration data under the condition of calibrating the temperature of the constant temperature heating device in advance, so that an effective technical scheme is provided for the application of various alternative fuels with greatly different physicochemical properties and combustion characteristics in the internal combustion engine and the mixed use of the alternative fuels and the traditional fuels existing at the initial stage of the application of the alternative fuels.
5. The temperature of the fuel is no longer a factor influencing ignition success, and the problem of cold start of the internal combustion engine is solved from the source.
6. The combustion of the internal combustion engine is free from incomplete combustion caused by insufficient diffusion combustion speed and the phenomena of black smoke, pre-ignition and post-ignition caused by the incomplete combustion.
7. The compression ratio of the internal combustion engine is no longer directly related to the ignition temperature, the antiknock property and the like of the fuel, and any reasonable compression ratio is allowed to be adopted in design according to practical conditions.
8. The fuel used by the internal combustion engine is not directly related to the physical and chemical properties such as viscosity and performance indexes of the specific fuel, so that the seamless switching of the same internal combustion engine can be realized without any modification, and the internal combustion engine is suitable for various fuels with large difference in performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of elements of a device for realizing a combustion process of an internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition, according to which the device for realizing a combustion process of an internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition comprises four parts: ① combustion chambers; ② A throttle passage; ③ A constant temperature heating device; ④ A fuel injector.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
The following is a detailed description.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention, and that the appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Any reference numerals such as "①"、"②"、"③" … or "first", "second", "third" … or any other like numerals in the description and claims of the invention and in the drawings are presented herein for convenience only and are not intended to describe any one of the different objects unless otherwise indicated. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements but may, optionally, include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Referring to fig. 1, the implementation device of the combustion process of the internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition according to the invention consists of four parts, namely: ① combustion chambers; ② A throttle passage; ③ A constant temperature heating device; ④ A fuel injector:
The combustion chamber ① is a cylinder inner cavity blind hole with a spherical top surface, which is arranged above a cylinder barrel of a cylinder body, the combustion chamber ① can be arranged on a cylinder cover of the internal combustion engine, an opening of the combustion chamber corresponds to the cylinder barrel opening of the cylinder body, the combustion chamber can also not be arranged on the cylinder cover, optimally, in the embodiment, the combustion chamber ① is selectively arranged on the cylinder cover of the internal combustion engine;
As shown in fig. 1, the upper portion of the combustion chamber ① has two internal threaded holes for mounting and fixing the constant temperature heat generating device ③ and the fuel injector ④.
The throttle channel ② is a hole channel formed on a block body tightly connected between the combustion chamber ① and the cylinder barrel of the internal combustion engine, the lower port of the hole channel is communicated with the opening of the cylinder barrel of the cylinder body, the upper port of the hole channel is communicated with the opening of the combustion chamber ①, when the piston of the cylinder body moves upwards, air in the cylinder barrel is quickly pushed to the combustion chamber ① through the hole channel to form high-speed air flow, and when the piston moves downwards, the mixed air which is ignited and rapidly expands in the combustion chamber ① flows through the hole channel to quickly enter the cylinder barrel for internal combustion to do work;
air pushed by the piston through the duct toward the combustion chamber ① flows out at a high speed when entering the combustion chamber ① under the throttling effect of the duct, and the high-speed flowing out air forms a high-speed circulating air flow under the drainage of the inner wall of the combustion chamber ① and circulates at a high speed in the combustion chamber ①.
The constant temperature heating device ③ is a heating device which sets a heating temperature according to the self-ignition temperature and combustion characteristics of fuel and constantly maintains the set temperature, and is fixedly installed on the combustion chamber ① through one of the internal threaded holes on the combustion chamber ①, the heating part of the constant temperature heating device stretches into a proper position in the combustion chamber ① through the internal threaded hole, and the non-heating part is arranged outside the combustion chamber ①;
The heat storage capacity and the heat generation power of the constant-temperature heat generation device ③ are calibrated according to thermodynamic conditions required by engine ignition processes with different types and powers, and the real-time control of the heat generation time and the constant-temperature of the constant-temperature heat generation device ③ is realized through mechanical or electronic control according to calibration data, and optimally, in the embodiment, all the calibration data exist on an internal combustion engine ECU and the heat generation capacity, the heat generation time and the constant-temperature of the constant-temperature heat generation device ③ are controlled in real time through the ECU;
In this embodiment, the constant temperature heating device ③ is connected with the ECU of the internal combustion engine in data, and is connected with a starting power supply on the internal combustion engine to obtain an operating power supply.
The fuel injector ④ is a valve device capable of injecting a certain amount of fuel at a given time, and the valve device may be a mechanical valve device or an electronic valve device, and preferably, the electronic valve device is selected in this embodiment;
The time and duration of the fuel injected by the fuel injector ④ are calibrated according to the fuel type, power, control strategy, technical requirement and working condition of the internal combustion engine, the injection time and duration of the fuel injector ④ are set according to the calibrated data, and are controlled by a mechanical or electronic device, optimally, in the embodiment, the calibrated data are stored on the ECU of the engine, and the injection time and duration of the fuel injector ④ are controlled by the ECU according to the calibrated data;
The fuel injector ③ is mounted in the combustion chamber ① of the internal combustion engine by one of the internally threaded holes in the combustion chamber ① with its injection outlet end disposed in the combustion chamber ① and with the jet of fuel emitted against the direction of the circulating air flow and the remainder outside the combustion chamber ①.
The working logic and process of the implementation device are as follows:
The power supply is turned on, the constant temperature heating device ③ heats to a set constant temperature, the internal combustion engine is started, the starter of the internal combustion engine drives the cylinder piston to move, during the compression stroke, the piston rapidly pushes the air in the cylinder barrel to the throttling channel ②, the air enters the combustion chamber ① at a high speed under the throttling effect of the throttling channel ② and forms a high-speed circulating air flow in the combustion chamber ①, The fuel injector ④ sprays fuel timely, the sprayed fuel is smashed by the high-speed air flow and/or the circulating air flow which are from the head-on, then is mixed with the air and is carried to the heating surface of the constant temperature heating device ③ by the air flow, and is directly ignited the second time when reaching the heating surface, the mixed gas which is ignited and rapidly expands enters into the cylinder barrel to perform the explosion work through the throttling passage ② under the pushing of the expansion force to complete the work stroke, Then, in the exhaust stroke, the fuel injector ④ injects fuel for the second time and burns in the combustion chamber ①, and since the combustion chamber ① and cylinder tube have just completed the combustion of one power stroke, the oxygen content of the gas in the combustion chamber ① and cylinder tube is not high, The fuel can only be burnt incompletely and generates a large amount of reducing gas such as carbon monoxide, the reducing gas is pushed into the throttle channel ② by the air flow which expands sharply in the process of deflagration of the fuel to enter the exhaust valve, the exhaust gas is mixed with the waste gas generated in the power stroke in the exhaust valve, the mixed waste gas enters the exhaust aftertreatment system and undergoes chemical reduction reaction under the action of a catalyst arranged in the aftertreatment system to reduce harmful gas in the tail gas, and the cycle is repeated.
Claims (8)
1. An implementation device of a combustion process of an internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-face ignition, the implementation device comprising four parts: combustion chamber ①, throttle passage ②, constant temperature heating device ③ and fuel injector ④, characterized by:
The combustion chamber is arranged in the direction of an opening of the internal combustion engine facing the cylinder barrel, and two mounting internal threaded holes penetrating from the outer wall of the combustion chamber to the inner cavity of the combustion chamber are arranged on the combustion chamber and used for fixedly mounting the constant-temperature heating device and the fuel injector;
the spherical cavity at the upper part of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber is used for guiding high-pressure airflow from the throttling channel to form circulating airflow;
The throttle passage is provided with two ports, the upper port is tightly connected with the opening of the combustion chamber, the lower port is tightly connected with the opening of the cylinder barrel, the throttle passage is used for communicating the combustion chamber with the cylinder barrel, air in the cylinder barrel can enter the combustion chamber at a high speed through the throttle passage when the piston moves, and gas in the combustion chamber, including ignited mixed gas, can enter the cylinder barrel and/or an exhaust valve of the internal combustion engine through the throttle passage;
The throttling effect of the throttling channel ensures that air which is rapidly pushed by the piston in the cylinder barrel flows out in a high-speed airflow when entering the combustion chamber and forms a high-speed circulating airflow under the drainage of the inner wall of the combustion chamber;
When the piston of the cylinder barrel moves upwards, air in the cylinder barrel is quickly pushed to the combustion chamber through the pore canal to form high-speed air flow, and when the piston moves downwards, the air mixture which is ignited and rapidly expands in the combustion chamber flows through the pore canal to quickly enter the cylinder barrel for explosion work;
the constant temperature heating device is fixedly arranged in the combustion chamber through an internal threaded hole on the combustion chamber, a heating part of the constant temperature heating device is arranged at a position where mixed gas of fuel and air in the combustion chamber can fully contact with the heating part, and the rest part is arranged outside the combustion chamber;
The constant temperature heating device is in data connection with an ECU of the internal combustion engine and is connected with a starting power supply on the internal combustion engine to obtain a working power supply;
The ECU controls the heating value, heating time and constant temperature of the constant temperature heating device in real time;
the constant temperature heating device is a heating device which can set the heating temperature according to the spontaneous combustion temperature and the combustion characteristic of the fuel and constantly maintain the set temperature;
The constant temperature heating device is set to be a temperature which can directly ignite corresponding fuel corresponding to different fuels, namely the fuel corresponding to the constant temperature can be directly ignited at the temperature;
The constant temperature heating device directly ignites corresponding fuel through a heating surface which continuously keeps the set temperature, the constant temperature heating device starts working before the internal combustion engine starts, and the heating and constant temperature state is kept until the internal combustion engine stops working;
The fuel ignition of the combustion process realized by the device is not spark generated by a spark plug, and is not high temperature generated by compressed air of a cylinder barrel piston, but the heating surface of the constant temperature heating device;
The fuel injector is fixedly arranged in the combustion chamber through another internal threaded hole on the combustion chamber, a nozzle of the fuel injector is arranged in the combustion chamber, and the rest part of the fuel injector is arranged outside the combustion chamber;
The fuel injector is a valve injection device which can adapt to various fuel viscosities, and the fuel injector does not need to be replaced when the fuel is replaced;
The valve device is an electronic valve device;
And the fuel injector controls the injection time and the injection duration of the fuel injector according to the calibrated data through the ECU.
2. The device for realizing a combustion process of an internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a combustion chamber:
The combustion chamber is a cavity arranged outside a cylinder barrel of the cylinder body of the internal combustion engine, the cavity can be formed into a cylinder, a spherical body and a cylindrical spherical combination body, the cavity is formed into a cylindrical blind hole cavity with a spherical inner wall at the top and a cylinder at the lower part, and the opening of the cavity is tightly communicated with the opening of the cylinder barrel in a closed loop through the throttling channel;
In the combustion chamber, the high-speed air flow from the throttling passage impacts the fuel sprayed by the fuel injector, so that the fuel is diffused and mixed with air in the air flow, and the mixed air is rushed to the surface of the constant-temperature heating device in the combustion chamber under the impact of the high-speed air flow and is directly ignited next time at the moment of contacting the heating surface.
3. The device for realizing a combustion process of an internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-face ignition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a throttle passage:
the throttle channel is a duct which is designed to be communicated with the combustion chamber and the cylinder barrel of the internal combustion engine according to the throttle coefficient calculated according to the air flow circulating strength, one end port of the duct is tightly connected with the outward opening end of the cylinder barrel, and the other end port is tightly connected with the opening of the blind hole inner cavity of the combustion chamber.
4. The device for realizing the combustion process of the internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition according to claim 1, which comprises a constant temperature heating device:
The constant temperature heating device is electrified to heat to a set constant temperature before the internal combustion engine is started, and continuously maintains the constant temperature during the working process of the internal combustion engine, wherein the constant temperature is set corresponding to the combustion characteristic of the fuel which is currently used.
5. The device for realizing a combustion process of an internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a fuel injector:
the fuel injector is a valve device capable of ejecting a given amount of fuel at a given time.
6. The device for realizing the combustion process of the internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that:
the internal combustion engine adopting the implementation device to realize the combustion process can select any one of the suction stroke, the compression stroke, the power stroke or the exhaust stroke to ignite fuel according to the requirement;
The method comprises the steps of selectively igniting the internal combustion engine once in a compression stroke to realize the work of the internal combustion engine, and igniting the reducing gas once in an exhaust stroke to assist in realizing the reduction of the exhaust gas generated in the power stroke, thereby reducing the exhaust emission and reducing the concentration of pollutants/harmful substances in the exhaust emission.
7. The device for realizing the combustion process of the internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that:
In one working cycle, it can be set to fire twice, one in the compression stroke, in order to realize the work of the internal combustion engine, complete the combustion process, and the other in the exhaust stroke, in order to assist in realizing the reduction of the tail gas generated by the power stroke and reduce the concentration of pollutants/harmful substances in the exhaust emission.
8. The device for realizing the combustion process of the internal combustion engine based on forced circulation hot-surface ignition according to claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that:
an internal combustion engine employing the device has no spark ignition device such as a spark plug for igniting fuel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2021224000615 | 2021-10-01 | ||
| CN202122400061 | 2021-10-01 |
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