CN221120784U - Balance shaft system of four-cylinder engine - Google Patents
Balance shaft system of four-cylinder engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN221120784U CN221120784U CN202323114759.6U CN202323114759U CN221120784U CN 221120784 U CN221120784 U CN 221120784U CN 202323114759 U CN202323114759 U CN 202323114759U CN 221120784 U CN221120784 U CN 221120784U
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- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of vibration and noise reduction of four-cylinder engines, and particularly relates to a balance shaft system of a four-cylinder engine. The balance shaft system comprises a main gear arranged on a crankshaft of the four-cylinder engine, and a first auxiliary gear and a second auxiliary gear which are respectively arranged on two balance shafts of the four-cylinder engine; the first pinion is rigidly connected with the balance shaft where the first pinion is positioned, the second pinion is also rigidly connected with the balance shaft where the second pinion is positioned, and the first pinion is meshed with the second pinion; the main gear comprises an outer gear ring, an inner fixed ring and a flexible ring connected between the outer gear ring and the inner fixed ring; the inner fixing ring is a rigid piece and is rigidly connected with the crankshaft of the engine; the outer gear ring is a rigid member that meshes with the first pinion. The four-cylinder engine balance shaft system provided by the utility model has the beneficial effects of inhibiting vibration, reducing noise, improving stability, improving load capacity and durability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of vibration and noise reduction of four-cylinder engines, and particularly relates to a balance shaft system of a four-cylinder engine.
Background
Internal rotating components of an automotive engine such as crankshafts, connecting rods, pistons, etc. during operation can generate vibrations and noise which can propagate through the engine and vehicle structure. If the vibration and the noise are not restrained, the vibration and the noise can have negative effects on human health after being in noise and vibration environments for a long time, such as hearing impairment, anxiety, dizziness and other problems. Excessive noise and vibration may affect the attention of the occupant, reaction speed, and driving safety.
From the mechanism of vibration generation, different types of engines have different forms of vibration. For a four-cylinder engine, the first-order inertial force is zero, the first-order inertial moment is zero, the second-order inertial force is not zero and is enhanced, the second-order inertial moment is zero, and the balance of the first order and the second order can achieve 3/4 balance, so the four-cylinder engine is also called as a 3/4 balance engine. In contrast, for a three-cylinder engine, both the first and second order inertial forces are zero, but neither the first nor second order moment of inertia is zero, so the three-cylinder engine is also referred to as a "half-balanced" engine.
In order to suppress the vibration problem caused by the fact that the second-order inertial force of the four-cylinder engine is not zero, the four-cylinder engine generally needs to be provided with two balance shafts. In a four-cylinder engine, since the direction of the second-order reciprocating inertial force is the same as the direction of the piston movement, if only a single balance shaft is used to balance the second-order inertial force, an unbalanced moment is generated in the direction perpendicular to the cylinder. To solve this problem, it is necessary to provide two balance shafts whose rotation directions are opposite, and which are capable of canceling an unbalanced moment perpendicular to the cylinder direction generated by the rotation of the balance shafts, thereby reducing the vibration level. Through the use of two balance shafts which are in linkage rotation with the crankshaft and are matched with each other in phase, the vibration problem caused by second-order inertial force can be effectively restrained, and the stability and riding comfort of the engine are improved.
However, since the crankshaft and the two balance shafts each form an unbalanced rotation shaft when they are rotated in a linked manner, a great vibration and load are caused to gears for linkage between each other, causing a large gear engagement noise and a rapid wear.
Disclosure of utility model
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a balance shaft system of a four-cylinder engine.
The balance shaft system of the four-cylinder engine comprises a main gear arranged on a crankshaft of the four-cylinder engine, and further comprises a first auxiliary gear and a second auxiliary gear which are respectively arranged on two balance shafts of the four-cylinder engine; the first pinion is rigidly connected with the balance shaft where the first pinion is positioned, the second pinion is also rigidly connected with the balance shaft where the second pinion is positioned, and the first pinion is meshed with the second pinion; the main gear comprises an outer gear ring, an inner fixed ring and a flexible ring connected between the outer gear ring and the inner fixed ring; the inner fixing ring is a rigid piece and is rigidly connected with the crankshaft of the engine; the outer gear ring is a rigid member that meshes with the first pinion.
Further, in the four-cylinder engine balance shaft system, the flexible ring is a rubber material piece.
Further, in the four-cylinder engine balance shaft system, the flexible ring is integrally formed in the clearance between the outer gear ring and the inner fixed ring through in-situ vulcanization.
Further, in the four-cylinder engine balance shaft system, the outer wall of the flexible ring is connected with the inner wall of the outer gear ring by adhesive, and the inner wall of the flexible ring is connected with the outer wall of the inner fixing ring by adhesive.
Further, in the four-cylinder engine balance shaft system, the flexible ring has elasticity, the flexible ring forms compressive stress under the combined action of the outer gear ring and the inner fixed ring, the inner wall of the outer gear ring applies compressive stress to the outer wall of the flexible ring, and the outer wall of the inner fixed ring applies compressive stress to the inner wall of the flexible ring.
Further, in the four-cylinder engine balance shaft system described above, the outer circumferences of the first pinion, the second pinion, and the outer ring gear are each provided with helical teeth.
Further, in the four-cylinder engine balance shaft system, the first pinion, the second pinion, the outer gear ring and the inner fixing ring are all powder metallurgy parts.
Compared with the prior art, the four-cylinder engine balance shaft system has the beneficial effects of inhibiting vibration, reducing noise, improving stability, improving load capacity and durability and the like.
The balance shaft system counteracts unbalanced moment which is generated by rotation of the crankshaft and is perpendicular to the direction of the cylinder through reverse linkage rotation, so that vibration is reduced.
The existence, elasticity and damping characteristic of flexible circle can effectively absorb and alleviate impact and vibration that the atress changes and arouses between the transmission gear train, also reduces the noise simultaneously, promotes riding travelling comfort.
The flexible ring is formed by in-situ integral vulcanization, so that the connection strength between the flexible ring and the outer gear ring and the inner fixing ring is improved, and the load capacity and durability of the balance shaft system are enhanced.
The flexible ring is preset with compressive stress, so that oblique stretching during operation can be counteracted, the flexible ring is always kept in a pressed state, and the stability and reliability of combination between the flexible ring and the outer gear ring are improved.
The helical gear manufactured by powder metallurgy has accurate meshing characteristics, can reduce impact and noise, and improves the stability of a balance shaft system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a balance shaft system of a four-cylinder engine of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a main gear.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A plane of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a comparison graph of acoustic performance tests.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the utility model and should not be construed as limiting.
Example 1
The balance shaft system of the four-cylinder engine shown in fig. 1 comprises a main gear 1 arranged on a crankshaft of the four-cylinder engine, and further comprises a first pinion 2 and a second pinion 3 respectively arranged on two balance shafts of the four-cylinder engine; the first pinion 2 is rigidly connected to the balance shaft in which it is located, the second pinion 3 is also rigidly connected to the balance shaft in which it is located, and the first pinion 2 is meshed with the second pinion 3.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the main gear 1 includes an outer ring gear 11, an inner stationary ring 13, and a flexible ring 12 connected between the outer ring gear 11 and the inner stationary ring 13; the inner fixing ring 13 is a rigid piece and is rigidly connected with the engine crankshaft; the external ring gear 11 is a rigid member that meshes with the first pinion 2.
The main gear 1 is positioned on a crankshaft, is a power output part of the whole system, and drives the first auxiliary gear 2, the second auxiliary gear 3 and the balance shaft to rotate by transmitting power through being connected with the crankshaft of the engine. The first and second pinion gears 2 and 3 are located on the balance shaft, and their engagement with the main gear 1 enables the balance shaft to rotate and maintain the phase following the rotation of the crankshaft. The two balance shafts realize reverse linkage rotation and linkage rotation with the crankshaft through the engagement of the first pinion 2 and the second pinion 3, phase matching is kept, unbalanced moment which is generated by rotation of the balance shafts and is perpendicular to the direction of the cylinder can be offset, and vibration caused by second-order inertia force is restrained.
The first pinion 2, the second pinion 3 and the inner race 13 are each rigidly connected to the respective rotational shafts, thereby maintaining a stable phase. The main gear 1 is composed of an outer gear ring 11, an inner fixed ring 13 and a flexible ring 12. The flexible ring 12 is a flexible, elastic and damping element connected between the outer ring 11 and the inner ring 13. Because the rotation of the engine crankshaft and the two balance shafts are unbalanced, the stress between the transmission gears is not kept constant along with the phase change during linkage, and the existence of the flexible ring 12 can effectively absorb and relieve the impact and vibration caused by the stress change, and simultaneously reduce noise and improve riding comfort.
The flexible ring 12 is preferably made of rubber material, but other materials with flexibility, elasticity and damping can be selected from silica gel, special engineering plastics and the like. The rubber material has higher elasticity, can bear larger deformation and is not easy to break, and has better energy absorption property. During the operation of the engine, the flexible ring 12 of rubber material can transfer and buffer the torque between the crankshaft and the two balance shafts, reduce the vibration and noise of the transmission system, and improve the stability of the operation of the engine and the riding comfort.
Preferably, the flexible ring 12 is integrally formed in situ in the gap between the outer ring 11 and the inner retainer ring 13. The flexible ring 12 can be firmly attached between the outer ring 11 and the inner retainer ring 13 by in situ vulcanization molding, forming a unitary structure. Thus, the overall strength of the balance shaft system can be improved, and the load capacity and durability of the balance shaft system can be enhanced.
In addition to in-situ integrally vulcanization molding, other connection modes may be adopted, for example, the flexible ring 12 is manufactured and molded separately, then the outer wall of the flexible ring 12 and the inner wall of the outer ring 11 are bonded and connected by adopting an adhesive, and similarly, the inner wall of the flexible ring 12 and the outer wall of the inner fixed ring 13 are bonded and connected by adopting an adhesive, but the reliability of the connection mode is generally lower than that of in-situ integrally vulcanization molding connection.
Preferably, the flexible ring 12 has elasticity, the flexible ring 12 forms compressive stress inside under the combined action of the outer ring 11 and the inner fixing ring 13, the inner wall of the outer ring 11 applies compressive stress to the outer wall of the flexible ring 12, and the outer wall of the inner fixing ring 13 applies compressive stress to the inner wall of the flexible ring 12. The existence of compressive stress makes the combination between the flexible ring 12 and the outer ring 11 and the inner fixing ring 13 tighter, enhancing the connection strength. When the engine is running, the flexible ring 12 needs to transmit torque, and bear large shearing force in the circumferential direction, so that the flexible ring 12 is stretched in an oblique direction, and the combination between the flexible ring 12 and the outer gear ring 11 is broken. The oblique stretching can be counteracted by preset compressive stress, so that the flexible ring 12 and the outer gear ring 11 are always kept in a pressed state, and the stability and reliability of the combination between the flexible ring 12 and the outer gear ring 11 are improved.
Preferably, the outer circumferences of the first pinion 2, the second pinion 3 and the external ring gear 11 are each provided with helical teeth. The gear tooth surface of the helical gear is in an inclined plane shape, and the gear tooth surface of the helical gear is gradually contacted when in engagement, so that the impact when in abrupt engagement is reduced. In contrast, spur gears are prone to large impacts and noise due to abrupt contact of gear tooth surfaces when engaged. The first pinion 2, the second pinion 3 and the outer gear ring 11 are arranged to be helical teeth, so that the load distribution in the transmission process is more uniform, and the stability of the whole engine balance shaft system is improved.
Preferably, the first pinion 2, the second pinion 3, the outer gear ring 11 and the inner fixing ring 13 are all powder metallurgy parts. Powder metallurgy manufacturing can achieve component manufacturing with complex shapes and accurate dimensions. By powder metallurgy manufacturing, gears with complex tooth shapes and precise meshing characteristics can be produced, thereby improving the stability of the balance shaft system.
Test case
The different protocols were acoustically tested and the results are shown in fig. 4.
The acoustic behavior of the solution of example 1 at different rotational speeds is shown by curves a1 and a 2.
The main gear 1 in the scheme of the embodiment 1 is replaced by an integrally formed rigid powder metallurgy wheel with the same precision, the acoustic performance at different rotating speeds is shown as a curve b1 and a curve b2, and the running noise of the main gear is obviously higher than that of the scheme of the embodiment 1 at different rotating speeds.
The above embodiments are illustrative for the purpose of illustrating the technical concept and features of the present utility model so that those skilled in the art can understand the content of the present utility model and implement it accordingly, and thus do not limit the scope of the present utility model. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present utility model should be construed to be included in the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. A four-cylinder engine balance shaft system, characterized in that: the four-cylinder engine comprises a main gear (1) arranged on a crankshaft of the four-cylinder engine, and further comprises a first auxiliary gear (2) and a second auxiliary gear (3) which are respectively arranged on two balance shafts of the four-cylinder engine; the first pinion (2) is rigidly connected with the balance shaft where the first pinion is positioned, the second pinion (3) is also rigidly connected with the balance shaft where the second pinion is positioned, and the first pinion (2) is meshed with the second pinion (3); the main gear (1) comprises an outer gear ring (11), an inner fixed ring (13) and a flexible ring (12) connected between the outer gear ring (11) and the inner fixed ring (13); the inner fixing ring (13) is a rigid piece and is rigidly connected with the engine crankshaft; the outer gear ring (11) is a rigid piece and is meshed with the first pinion (2).
2. The four-cylinder engine balance shaft system of claim 1, wherein: the flexible ring (12) is made of rubber material.
3. The four-cylinder engine balance shaft system of claim 2, wherein: the flexible ring (12) is formed in the clearance between the outer ring (11) and the inner fixed ring (13) through in-situ integral vulcanization.
4. The four-cylinder engine balance shaft system of claim 2, wherein: the outer wall of the flexible ring (12) is in adhesive connection with the inner wall of the outer ring (11), and the inner wall of the flexible ring (12) is in adhesive connection with the outer wall of the inner fixing ring (13).
5. The four-cylinder engine balance shaft system of claim 1, wherein: the flexible ring (12) has elasticity, the flexible ring (12) forms compressive stress inside under the combined action of the outer ring (11) and the inner fixed ring (13), the inner wall of the outer ring (11) applies compressive stress to the outer wall of the flexible ring (12), and the outer wall of the inner fixed ring (13) applies compressive stress to the inner wall of the flexible ring (12).
6. The four-cylinder engine balance shaft system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the peripheries of the first pinion (2), the second pinion (3) and the outer gear ring (11) are provided with helical teeth.
7. The four-cylinder engine balance shaft system of claim 6, wherein: the first pinion (2), the second pinion (3), the outer gear ring (11) and the inner fixing ring (13) are all made of powder metallurgy.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202323114759.6U CN221120784U (en) | 2023-11-19 | 2023-11-19 | Balance shaft system of four-cylinder engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202323114759.6U CN221120784U (en) | 2023-11-19 | 2023-11-19 | Balance shaft system of four-cylinder engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN221120784U true CN221120784U (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202323114759.6U Active CN221120784U (en) | 2023-11-19 | 2023-11-19 | Balance shaft system of four-cylinder engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN221120784U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-11-19 CN CN202323114759.6U patent/CN221120784U/en active Active
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