CN221110871U

CN221110871U - Machine tool clamping mechanism

Info

Publication number: CN221110871U
Application number: CN202322911883.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 夏建兵
Original assignee: Zhejiang Shentian Precision Machine Tool Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Shentian Precision Machine Tool Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-10-30
Filing date: 2023-10-30
Publication date: 2024-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2033-10-30

Abstract

The utility model provides a machine tool clamping mechanism, and belongs to the technical field of machinery. The clamping mechanism solves the problem that the existing clamping mechanism affects the machining precision of workpieces. The machine tool clamping mechanism comprises a base with a central hole and a hollow main shaft horizontally arranged in the central hole, wherein both ends of the main shaft extend out of the central hole, the front end of the main shaft is provided with an elastic chuck, the rear end of the elastic chuck extends into the main shaft and is matched with the main shaft through a conical surface, the rear end of the main shaft is provided with a cylinder, a connecting rod is arranged in the main shaft, the rear end of the connecting rod extends out of the main shaft and is connected with the cylinder, a pull rod is arranged between the connecting rod and the elastic chuck, the front end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with the elastic chuck, the front end of the connecting rod is axially provided with a mounting hole for the rear end of the pull rod to be inserted, a circle of through hole radially penetrates through the side wall of the mounting hole, and a ball is arranged in the through hole; the two sides of the ball are respectively pressed on the main shaft and the pull rod, an annular seat is formed on the outer wall of the rear end of the pull rod, and under the action of the air cylinder, the ball can be pressed on the annular seat. The machine tool clamping mechanism can improve the machining precision of workpieces.

Description

Machine tool clamping mechanism

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of machinery, and relates to a machine tool, in particular to a machine tool clamping mechanism.

Background

When a workpiece is machined, the workpiece is generally clamped by a clamping mechanism and then subjected to machining procedures such as turning, grinding and the like.

The existing clamping mechanism is an automatic clamping mechanism (application number: 202110333417. X) disclosed in China patent library, and comprises a base with a central hole, a push sleeve arranged in the central hole and a driving mechanism for driving the push sleeve to translate forwards and backwards, wherein a cylindrical elastic chuck is arranged in the front end of the push sleeve, conical surface fit is adopted between the elastic chuck and the push sleeve, the front end of the elastic chuck extends out of the push sleeve, a cylindrical end cover is connected with an external thread of the base, a compression ring is integrally formed at the front end of the end cover, the compression ring and the end cover are coaxial, and the compression ring is sleeved outside the front end of the elastic chuck; the inner wall of the compression ring is a conical surface I with the diameter gradually increasing from front to back, the outer wall of the front end of the elastic chuck is a conical surface II matched with the conical surface I, and the conical surface I and the conical surface II are stuck together; a limiting structure for limiting the back movement of the elastic clamp is also arranged between the elastic clamp and the end cover; the driving mechanism comprises a push rod, a connecting sleeve sleeved outside the front end of the push rod and a driving piece for driving the push rod to move back and forth, the push rod and the push sleeve are coaxial, an annular blocking shoulder is integrally formed on the outer wall of the front end of the push rod, the annular blocking shoulder is coaxial with the push rod, the front end of the connecting sleeve is fixedly connected with the rear end of the push sleeve, an annular blocking edge is formed on the inner wall of the rear end of the connecting sleeve, the annular blocking shoulder is located between the annular blocking edge and the rear end face of the push sleeve, and the annular blocking shoulder can respectively abut against the rear end face of the push sleeve and the annular blocking edge.

The clamping mechanism drives the push sleeve to move forward by utilizing the push rod so that the elastic chuck contracts to clamp the workpiece, the push rod is tightly pressed on the rear end of the push sleeve when the elastic chuck contracts, and when the push sleeve rotates, larger friction can be generated between the push rod and the push sleeve to generate vibration, so that the machining precision and quality of the workpiece are affected.

Disclosure of utility model

The utility model aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a machine tool clamping mechanism capable of improving the machining precision of a workpiece.

The aim of the utility model can be achieved by the following technical scheme: the machine tool clamping mechanism comprises a base with a central hole and a hollow main shaft horizontally and rotatably arranged in the central hole, wherein both ends of the main shaft extend out of the central hole, the front end of the main shaft is provided with an elastic chuck, the rear end of the elastic chuck extends into the main shaft and is matched with the main shaft through a conical surface, the rear end of the main shaft is provided with a cylinder, a connecting rod is arranged in the main shaft, the rear end of the connecting rod extends out of the main shaft and is connected with the cylinder, and a spring which enables the connecting rod to have a forward movement trend is sleeved outside the connecting rod; the front end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with the elastic chuck, the front end of the connecting rod is axially provided with a mounting hole for inserting the rear end of the pull rod, and the rear end of the pull rod is in a round rod shape and is fixedly connected with the connecting rod; a circle of through holes radially penetrate through the side wall of the mounting hole, and a ball matched with the through hole is arranged in each through hole; the round ball both sides are pressed respectively on main shaft inside wall and pull rod lateral wall, and coaxial shaping has annular seat on the pull rod rear end outer wall, and annular seat is in the round ball rear side, and under the cylinder effect, the round ball can press on annular seat.

The pull rod is matched with the round ball and the annular seat to realize indirect connection between the elastic chuck and the air cylinder so as to stably realize that the elastic chuck moves backwards to shrink and clamp a workpiece; meanwhile, the pull rod is in contact fit with the round ball through the circumferential surface, so that the elastic chuck is further limited in the radial direction, the rotation precision of the elastic chuck is enhanced, rolling friction is formed between the round ball and the pull rod when the elastic chuck rotates, the influence of friction resistance formed between the round ball and the pull rod on workpiece processing is effectively weakened, and the workpiece processing quality and precision are effectively improved.

In the machine tool clamping mechanism, the through hole is of a taper hole, the aperture of the through hole is gradually reduced from outside to inside, the minimum inner diameter of the through hole is smaller than the diameter of the ball, the ball is ensured to stably form rolling friction with the pull rod, meanwhile, the ball is used for limiting ball installation, the ball is prevented from falling out of the through hole during assembly, and the assembly is convenient.

In the machine tool clamping mechanism, the outer side face of the front end of the annular seat is provided with the conical extrusion face, the diameter of the extrusion face gradually increases from front to back, the extrusion face extends to the front end face of the annular seat, and the annular seat is contacted with the ball through the extrusion face. By adopting the design, the processing and the design are convenient.

In the machine tool clamping mechanism, the outer side surface of the middle part of the annular seat and the wall of the mounting hole are mutually matched circumferential surfaces and are stuck together for sliding guide of the pull rod, so that the sliding precision of the pull rod is improved, and the elastic clamping head is ensured to stably clamp a workpiece.

In the machine tool clamping mechanism, the connecting rod comprises a straight rod body, a guide rod and a pipe body which are coaxially arranged, two ends of the straight rod body are respectively fixedly connected with the pipe body and the guide rod, the spring is sleeved on the straight rod body, the rear end of the guide rod is fixedly connected with the piston rod of the air cylinder, and the inner hole of the pipe body is the mounting hole. The connecting rod adopts a split structure, which is beneficial to processing.

In the machine tool clamping mechanism, the mounting hole is axially penetrated, the annular limiting seat is formed on the inner wall of the rear end of the mounting hole, a screw is arranged in the mounting hole, the front end of the straight rod body is pressed on the pipe body, the head of the screw is tightly pressed on the front end face of the limiting seat, and a threaded hole for screwing in the screw rod part is axially formed in the front end of the straight rod body. By adopting the design, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly and the like.

In the machine tool clamping mechanism, the guide sleeve matched with the guide rod is fixed in the rear end of the main shaft, and the guide sleeve is sleeved on the guide rod, so that the sliding precision of the connecting rod is improved, and the contraction or expansion of the elastic chuck is better controlled.

Compared with the prior art, the machine tool clamping mechanism has the following advantages:

1. The pull rod is matched with the round ball and the annular seat to realize indirect connection between the elastic chuck and the air cylinder so as to stably realize that the elastic chuck moves backwards to shrink and clamp a workpiece; meanwhile, the pull rod is in contact fit with the round ball through the circumferential surface, so that the elastic chuck is further limited in the radial direction, the rotation precision of the elastic chuck is enhanced, rolling friction is formed between the round ball and the pull rod when the elastic chuck rotates, the influence of friction resistance formed between the round ball and the pull rod on workpiece processing is effectively weakened, and the workpiece processing quality and precision are effectively improved.

2. The type of through-hole is the taper hole, and the minimum internal diameter of through-hole is less than the ball diameter, is guaranteeing to stably form rolling friction between ball and the pull rod, is used for the ball installation spacing again simultaneously, prevents that the ball from deviating from the through-hole when the equipment, is convenient for assemble.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a machine tool clamping mechanism.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a machine tool clamping mechanism.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at a in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the tie rod.

In the figure, 1, a main shaft; 2. a base; 3. a bearing; 4. an elastic chuck; 5. a cylinder; 6. a connecting rod; 6a, a straight rod body; 6b, a guide rod; 6c, a tube body; 6d, mounting holes; 6d1, a limiting seat; 6e, through holes; 7. a spring; 8. a pull rod; 8a, an annular seat; 8a1, an extrusion face; 9. a ball; 10. guide sleeve; 11. and a motor.

Detailed Description

The following are specific embodiments of the present utility model and the technical solutions of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present utility model is not limited to these embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the machine tool clamping mechanism comprises a main shaft 1 and a base 2 with a central hole, wherein the type of the central hole is a round hole, and the central hole is horizontally arranged in actual use; the main shaft 1 is hollow, the main shaft 1 is horizontally arranged in the central hole in a rotating way, and the front end and the rear end of the main shaft 1 extend out of the central hole. In actual products, the main shaft 1 is rotatably supported in the central hole through bearings 3, and at least two bearings 3 are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the main shaft 1 so as to ensure that the main shaft 1 rotates stably.

In particular the number of the elements,

The front end of the main shaft 1 is provided with an elastic chuck 4, and the elastic chuck 4 is an existing product and can be purchased in the market. The rear end of the elastic chuck 4 extends into the main shaft 1, and the elastic chuck and the main shaft are matched through a conical surface. The rear end of the main shaft 1 is provided with an air cylinder 5, the main shaft 1 is internally provided with a connecting rod 6, the rear end of the connecting rod 6 extends out of the main shaft 1 and is connected with the air cylinder 5, and a spring 7 which enables the connecting rod 6 to have forward movement trend is sleeved outside the connecting rod 6. As shown in fig. 2 to 4, a pull rod 8 is arranged between the connecting rod 6 and the elastic chuck 4, and the pull rod 8, the connecting rod 6 and the elastic chuck 4 are coaxially arranged. Wherein the front end of the pull rod 8 is fixedly connected with the elastic chuck 4; the front end of the connecting rod 6 is axially provided with a mounting hole 6d for inserting the rear end of the pull rod 8, and the rear end of the pull rod 8 is round and fixedly connected with the connecting rod 6. A circle of through holes 6e radially penetrate through the side wall of the mounting hole 6d, and a round ball 9 matched with the through holes 6e is arranged in each through hole 6 e. The ball 9 both sides are pressed respectively on main shaft 1 inside wall and pull rod 8 lateral wall, and coaxial shaping has annular seat 8a on the outer wall of pull rod 8 rear end, and annular seat 8a is coaxial with pull rod 8 and is in ball 9 rear side, and under cylinder 5 effect, ball 9 can press on annular seat 8 a.

The pull rod 8 realizes indirect connection of the elastic chuck 4 and the air cylinder 5 under the cooperation of the round ball 9 and the annular seat 8a so as to stably realize the backward movement, shrinkage and clamping of the elastic chuck 4 to a workpiece; meanwhile, the pull rod 8 is in contact fit with the round ball 9 through the circumferential surface, so that the elastic chuck 4 is further limited in the radial direction, the rotation precision of the elastic chuck 4 is enhanced, rolling friction is formed between the round ball 9 and the pull rod 8 when the elastic chuck 4 rotates, the influence of friction resistance formed between the round ball 9 and the pull rod 8 on workpiece processing is effectively weakened, and the workpiece processing quality and precision are effectively improved.

Further, a tapered pressing surface 8a1 is formed on the outer surface of the front end of the annular seat 8a, the diameter of the pressing surface 8a1 gradually increases from front to back, the pressing surface 8a1 extends to the front end surface of the annular seat 8a, and the annular seat 8a is in contact with the ball 9 through the pressing surface 8a 1. The outer side surface of the middle part of the annular seat 8a and the wall of the mounting hole 6d are circumferential surfaces matched with each other and are stuck together for sliding guide of the pull rod 8 so as to improve the sliding precision of the pull rod 8 and ensure that the elastic chuck 4 stably clamps a workpiece.

In the present embodiment of the present invention, in the present embodiment,

As shown in fig. 3, the through hole 6e is a taper hole, the aperture of the through hole 6e gradually decreases from outside to inside, and the minimum inner diameter of the through hole 6e is smaller than the diameter of the ball 9, so that the ball 9 and the pull rod 8 are ensured to stably form rolling friction, and meanwhile, the ball 9 is used for limiting installation, so that the ball 9 is prevented from falling out of the through hole 6e during assembly, and the assembly is convenient.

The connecting rod 6 has the following structure: the link 6 includes a straight rod body 6a, a guide rod 6b, and a tube body 6c coaxially disposed. Wherein, two ends of the straight rod body 6a are respectively fixedly connected with the tube body 6c and the guide rod 6b, and the spring 7 is sleeved on the straight rod body 6 a; the rear end of the guide rod 6b is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the air cylinder 5; the inner hole of the pipe body 6c is the mounting hole 6d. The connecting rod 6 adopts a split structure, which is beneficial to processing. Further, a guide sleeve 10 matched with the guide rod 6b is fixed in the rear end of the main shaft 1, and the guide sleeve 10 is sleeved on the guide rod 6b, so that the sliding precision of the connecting rod 6 is improved, and the contraction or expansion of the elastic chuck 4 is better controlled.

The connection between the tube body 6c and the straight tube body 6a is as follows: the mounting hole 6d is axially penetrated, an annular limiting seat 6d1 is formed on the inner wall of the rear end of the mounting hole 6d, and the limiting seat 6d1 is coaxial with the mounting hole 6 d. The mounting hole 6d is internally provided with a screw, the front end of the straight rod body 6a is pressed on the pipe body 6c, the head of the screw is pressed on the front end face of the limiting seat 6d1, and the front end of the straight rod body 6a is axially provided with a threaded hole for screwing in the screw rod part. By adopting the design, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly and the like.

The connection mode of the straight rod body 6a and the guide rod 6b is as follows: the rear end of the straight rod body 6a is pressed on the guide rod 6b and the guide rod 6b is fixedly connected with the rear end of the straight rod body, and further the connection hole matched with the straight rod body 6a is axially formed in the front end of the guide rod 6b, and the rear end of the straight rod body 6a is embedded in the connection hole and is pressed on the bottom wall of the connection hole.

The spring 7 is mounted as follows: washers are sleeved at two ends of the straight rod body 6a, two ends of the spring 7 respectively act on the two washers, and two opposite ends of the two washers are respectively pressed on the shaft shoulder at the front end of the straight rod body 6a and the guide rod 6 b.

In an actual product, the front end of the pull rod 8 is in threaded connection with the elastic chuck 4; the guide rod 6b is in threaded connection with a piston rod of the air cylinder 5; a motor 11 is arranged at one side of the rear end of the main shaft 1, and the motor 11 drives the main shaft 1 to operate by utilizing a synchronous belt transmission structure.

The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the utility model. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the utility model or exceeding the scope of the utility model as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a lathe clamping mechanism, including base (2) and the cavity form main shaft (1) of horizontal rotation setting in the centre bore that possess the centre bore, centre bore is all stretched out at main shaft (1) both ends, main shaft (1) front end is equipped with collet chuck (4), collet chuck (4) rear end stretches into main shaft (1) and pass through the conical surface cooperation between the two, main shaft (1) rear end is equipped with cylinder (5), be equipped with connecting rod (6) in main shaft (1), connecting rod (6) rear end stretches out main shaft (1) and is connected with cylinder (5), connecting rod (6) overcoat has spring (7) that makes connecting rod (6) have the forward movement trend, characterized in that, be equipped with pull rod (8) between connecting rod (6) and the collet chuck (4), and pull rod (8), connecting rod (6) and collet chuck (4) three coaxial setting; the front end of the pull rod (8) is fixedly connected with the elastic chuck (4), the front end of the connecting rod (6) is axially provided with a mounting hole (6 d) for inserting the rear end of the pull rod (8), and the rear end of the pull rod (8) is in a round rod shape and is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (6); a circle of through holes (6 e) radially penetrate through the side wall of the mounting hole (6 d), and a ball (9) matched with the through holes (6 e) is arranged in each through hole (6 e); the two sides of the ball (9) are respectively pressed on the inner side wall of the main shaft (1) and the side wall of the pull rod (8), an annular seat (8 a) is coaxially formed on the outer wall of the rear end of the pull rod (8), the annular seat (8 a) is positioned at the rear side of the ball (9), and under the action of the air cylinder (5), the ball (9) can be pressed on the annular seat (8 a).

2. Machine tool clamping mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the through hole (6 e) is of the conical hole type, the diameter of the through hole (6 e) gradually decreases from outside to inside, and the smallest inner diameter of the through hole (6 e) is smaller than the diameter of the ball (9).

3. Machine tool clamping mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer side surface of the front end of the annular seat (8 a) is formed with a tapered pressing surface (8 a 1), the diameter of the pressing surface (8 a 1) gradually increases from front to back, the pressing surface (8 a 1) extends to the front end surface of the annular seat (8 a), and the annular seat (8 a) is contacted with the ball (9) through the pressing surface (8 a 1).

4. A machine tool clamping mechanism according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the central outer side of the annular seat (8 a) and the wall of the mounting hole (6 d) are circumferential surfaces which are matched with each other and are attached together.

5. The machine tool clamping mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the connecting rod (6) comprises a straight rod body (6 a), a guide rod (6 b) and a tube body (6 c) which are coaxially arranged, two ends of the straight rod body (6 a) are fixedly connected with the tube body (6 c) and the guide rod (6 b) respectively, the spring (7) is sleeved on the straight rod body (6 a), the rear end of the guide rod (6 b) is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the air cylinder (5), and the inner hole of the tube body (6 c) is the mounting hole (6 d).

6. The machine tool clamping mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the mounting hole (6 d) is formed by axially penetrating, an annular limiting seat (6 d 1) is formed on the inner wall of the rear end of the mounting hole (6 d), a screw is arranged in the mounting hole (6 d), the front end of the straight rod body (6 a) is pressed on the pipe body (6 c), the head of the screw is pressed on the front end face of the limiting seat (6 d 1), and a threaded hole for screwing in the screw rod part is formed in the front end of the straight rod body (6 a) in the axial direction.

7. The machine tool clamping mechanism according to claim 5, wherein a guide sleeve (10) matched with the guide rod (6 b) is fixed in the rear end of the main shaft (1), and the guide sleeve (10) is sleeved on the guide rod (6 b).