CN220774493U - Thermal management device - Google Patents
Thermal management device Download PDFInfo
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- CN220774493U CN220774493U CN202322389180.4U CN202322389180U CN220774493U CN 220774493 U CN220774493 U CN 220774493U CN 202322389180 U CN202322389180 U CN 202322389180U CN 220774493 U CN220774493 U CN 220774493U
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The utility model provides a thermal management device, which comprises a container (1) for containing battery contact type cooling liquid, a heat exchange unit (4) adopting solid-liquid phase material with melting point of 0-45 ℃ as heat exchange medium and a circulating pipeline (5); the head and the tail of the circulating pipeline (5) are respectively in fluid communication with the container (1) to form a circulating loop; the heat exchange unit (4) is arranged on the circulating pipeline (5). According to the thermal management device provided by the utility model, under the condition of small flow, the battery contact type cooling liquid can effectively control the working temperature of the battery, and the overall energy consumption is low.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of cooling, in particular to a thermal management device.
Background
In recent years, energy shortage and environmental protection pressures have prompted global attention to Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). The power supply is a core component of the electric automobile, and current common power supplies comprise a lead-acid battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery and a lithium ion battery. The lead-acid storage battery has low specific energy, and generates a large amount of lead discharge in the processing and recycling processes, thus causing irreversible damage to the environment. Nickel-hydrogen batteries have a relatively high specific energy compared to lead-acid batteries. However, the nickel-metal hydride battery has a memory effect, and has a series of problems of serious charge heating, poor quick charge performance and the like. In contrast, the lithium ion battery has no memory effect, has the remarkable advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate and the like, and becomes a preferred power supply of the electric automobile.
However, the reliability, safety, and lifetime of lithium ion batteries are very sensitive to temperature. Pesaran (Battery thermal models for hybrid vehicle simulations, ahmad A. Pesaran, journal of Power Sources,110 (2), 2002, pp 377-382) proposes that the optimal operating temperature range of a lithium ion battery be 25-40℃and the maximum allowable temperature difference within the battery be 5 ℃. Capacity fade of Sony 18650cells cycled at elevated temperatures:Part I.Cycling performance,P Ramadass,Bala Haran,Ralph White,Branko N Popov,Journal of Power Sources,112 (2), 2002, pp606-613 suggested that the battery capacity decayed by 70% after 500 charge and discharge cycles at 50 ℃ from a lithium ion battery capacity decay analysis. However, the lithium ion battery generates a large amount of heat due to the internal electrochemical reaction during the charge and discharge process, and if the heat dissipation is insufficient, the temperature of the battery pack increases and is not uniform, thereby causing capacity degradation and performance degradation of the battery pack. At the same time, overheated conditions can lead to various exothermic chain reactions within the lithium ion battery, with the result that thermal runaway behavior of the battery, such as catastrophic battery fires and explosions, can be a result. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) with strong heat dissipation capability, where the BTMS can effectively dissipate heat when the battery temperature is high, and rapidly heat the battery when the battery temperature is low, so as to ensure that the lithium ion battery is always in a safe and reasonable working temperature range, and greatly improve the performance and cycle life of the lithium ion battery.
Current common battery cooling schemes include air cooling, indirect liquid cooling, phase Change Material (PCM) cooling, and direct liquid cooling. The air cooling adopts air as a heat transfer medium, absorbs heat generated by the battery through convection heat transfer, has the advantages of simple system structure and low cost, but has lower heat dissipation efficiency and poor temperature uniformity in the battery pack. Particularly, in the case of high C-rate (C-rate indicates the ratio of the charge and discharge current of the battery, also called rate) discharge of lithium ion batteries or high ambient temperature, air cooling is difficult to satisfy BTMS requirements. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of water at room temperature is several tens times that of air and the specific heat capacity of water is four times that of air compared to air, so that the liquid flow has a better heat transfer effect than the air flow, which means that an indirect liquid cooling system using water as a cooling liquid has a relatively higher cooling efficiency. The indirect liquid cooling using water as the cooling liquid and a microchannel plate has become the preferred solution of the current commercial BTMS, and typical electric vehicles, such as bmi 3, tesla, general ford, jirimao and the like, all adopt the indirect liquid cooling scheme to control the temperature of the battery pack. But the battery component of the indirect liquid cooling system is not in direct contact with the cooling liquid, so that the heat resistance in the heat transfer process is increased, the structure of the indirect cooling system is complex, the number of system components is large, and particularly, the danger of short circuit, electric leakage and even burning can be possibly caused at joints and sealing points due to the problem of water pressure leakage, so that great potential safety hazard exists.
PCM cooling uses the latent heat of a phase change material to absorb and store heat generated during operation of a battery, and is receiving attention due to its simple structure and high efficiency. Al Hallaj et Al (S.Al Hallaj, J.R.Selman, ANovel Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicle Batteries Using Phase-Change Material, J.Electrochem. Soc.,2000,147, pp 3231-3236) combine PCM with BTMS and demonstrate that the non-uniformity of the temperature distribution of the battery pack can be significantly reduced by the use of PCM. However, the disadvantage of PCM is that the thermal conductivity of the PCM itself is very low, typically not exceeding 0.5 W.m -1 ·K -1 Only rely on phase changeLatent heat absorbs excess heat. Therefore, after the PCM absorbs heat and changes phase to be completely melted, the PCM cannot continuously absorb the heat generated by the battery due to the low heat conductivity of the PCM, so that the overall cooling effect of the BTMS using the PCM is obviously deteriorated, and the continuous cooling effect of the battery is difficult to be achieved.
As a novel BTMS solution, the submerged liquid cooling adopts a heat exchange medium as a cooling medium to directly contact with the battery, and takes away heat generated during the operation of the battery by utilizing sensible heat (single-phase cooling) or latent heat (two-phase cooling) of the heat exchange medium, thereby realizing the control of the temperature of the battery. In the cooling process, the cooling medium and the battery have no thermal contact resistance, higher cooling efficiency is achieved, heat generated by the battery can be continuously transferred, and meanwhile, the used cooling medium has good dielectric property, so that the risk of thermal runaway is greatly reduced. However, as a direct cooling scheme, the immersed liquid cooling needs to be used for immersing the battery or other heating devices in the heat exchange medium partially or completely, and a corresponding circulating pipeline and a heat exchanger are also required to be arranged for timely transferring the heat generated by the battery operation, so that the heat is transferred layer by layer, and certain requirements are imposed on the power of the pump and the flow of the heat exchange medium. Particularly, the heat exchange medium used in immersion cooling is basically organic matter, the dielectric property is excellent, the specific heat capacity is far lower than that of water, meanwhile, heat-generating devices such as an immersion battery of the heat exchange medium needs to occupy a certain volume, compared with a circulating pump of a micro-channel water cooling plate commonly used in indirect liquid cooling, the BTMS using immersion liquid cooling needs to be provided with a circulating pump with higher power, the flow requirement on the heat exchange medium is higher, and heat transfer is carried out through the flow of the heat exchange medium with high flow, so that the overall energy consumption of the BTMS is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present utility model is to provide a thermal management device for solving the problem of high energy consumption of the thermal management device for a battery in the prior art.
The utility model provides a heat management device, which comprises a container for containing battery contact type cooling liquid, a heat exchange unit and a circulating pipeline, wherein the heat exchange unit is used for taking a solid-liquid phase material with a melting point of 0-45 ℃ as a heat exchange medium; the head and the tail of the circulating pipeline are respectively communicated with the container in a fluid way to form a circulating loop; the heat exchange unit is arranged on the circulating pipeline.
In one embodiment, the circulation pipeline is provided with one or more of a temperature sensor, a one-way valve, a circulation pump and a flowmeter.
In one embodiment, the temperature sensor is proximate to the outlet end and/or inlet end of the vessel.
In one embodiment, the heat exchange unit further includes a heat conductive member formed with a porous structure, the heat conductive member being disposed between the phase change materials and/or between the phase change materials and the circulation line.
In one embodiment, the circulating pipeline is provided with a first branch pipeline; the first branch pipeline is provided with a heating unit; the head end and the tail end of the first branch pipeline are respectively in fluid communication with the circulating pipeline to form a first circulating branch, and the heating equipment is arranged in parallel with the heat exchange unit.
In one embodiment, the first branch pipe is provided with a first switch valve.
In one embodiment, the circulating pipeline is provided with a second branch pipeline; a cooling unit is arranged on the second branch pipeline; the head end and the tail end of the second branch pipeline are respectively in fluid communication with the circulating pipeline to form a first circulating branch, and the cooling unit is arranged in parallel with the heat exchange unit.
In one embodiment, a second switching valve is provided on the second branch line.
In one embodiment, the thermal management device is further provided with one or more of a check valve, a circulation pump, and a flow meter on the main circuit.
In one embodiment, the thermal management device further comprises a controller in signal communication with one or more of the temperature sensor, the one-way valve, the circulation pump, and the flow meter.
As described above, the thermal management device of the present utility model adopts a combination of an immersion cooling mode, a conventional heating mode and a phase-change heat storage mode, and is used for thermal management of a battery, and has the following beneficial effects:
1. under the condition of small flow (such as 40 mL/min), the battery contact type cooling liquid can realize effective control of the working temperature of the battery, namely, the battery is prevented from suffering great temperature fluctuation, especially, thermal runaway under the condition of high-C-rate heat release is prevented, and the whole energy consumption is low;
2. the working temperature of the battery is adaptively adjusted, so that the working temperature of the battery is ensured to be constant, and the service life of the battery is prolonged;
3. the separation setting of the heat exchange unit and the battery is realized, the rapid temperature rise of the battery can be realized in a high-latitude area or in a cold environment in winter, partial heat is prevented from being absorbed by the phase change material, the temperature of the battery is increased by using the minimum energy, and the maximization of energy utilization is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management device according to the present utility model.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management device according to the second embodiment of the present utility model.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management device according to the third embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 to 5 are schematic diagrams showing changes in battery temperature with discharge time when the flow rates of the battery contact type cooling liquid are different.
Fig. 6 to 8 are schematic diagrams showing changes in battery temperature with discharge time.
Reference numerals illustrate: the device comprises a container 1, a heating unit 2, a cooling unit 3, a heat exchange unit 4, a circulating pipeline 5, a temperature sensor 51, a check valve 52, a circulating pump 53, a flowmeter 54, a first branch pipeline 6, a second branch pipeline 7 and a battery 8.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present utility model will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present utility model, which is described by the following specific examples.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 3. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the utility model to the extent that it can be practiced, since modifications, changes in the proportions, or otherwise, used in the practice of the utility model, are not intended to be critical to the essential characteristics of the utility model, but are intended to fall within the spirit and scope of the utility model. Also, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "a" and the like recited in the present specification are merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, but are intended to provide relative positional changes or modifications without materially altering the technical context in which the utility model may be practiced.
As shown in fig. 1, the present utility model provides a thermal management device, comprising a container 1 for containing battery contact type cooling liquid, a heat exchange unit 4 using solid-liquid phase material with melting point of 0-45 ℃ as heat exchange medium, and a circulation pipeline 5; the head and the tail of the circulating pipeline 5 are respectively communicated with the fluid of the container 1 to form a circulating loop; the heat exchange unit 4 is arranged on the circulating pipeline 5.
In the above embodiment, when the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid is too high and reaches the melting point of the phase change material, the phase change material performs phase change heat absorption, so that the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid is reduced; when the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid is reduced to be lower than the melting point of the phase change material, the phase change material performs phase change heat release, so that the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid is prevented from being reduced too fast, and a buffer effect is achieved. The embodiment also realizes the separation of the phase-change material and the battery, can realize the rapid temperature rise of the battery in a high-latitude area or in a cold environment in winter, avoids part of heat from being absorbed by the phase-change material, utilizes the least energy to raise the temperature of the battery, and realizes the maximization of energy utilization.
When the temperature sensor 51 monitors in real time that the working temperature of the battery 8 is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold (including the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold), the circulation pipeline 5 is opened, and heat is exchanged between the battery contact type cooling liquid by heat absorption and heat release caused by the phase change of the phase change material in the heat exchange unit 4, so that the temperature of the battery is regulated.
In one embodiment as shown in fig. 1, the circulation pipeline (5) is provided with one or more of a temperature sensor (51), a one-way valve (52), a circulation pump (53) and a flow meter (54).
In a specific embodiment, the phase change material is a solid-liquid phase change material.
In a more specific embodiment, the phase change material has a thermal conductivity of not less than 0.3 W.m -1 ·K -1 。
In a more specific embodiment, the phase change material is selected from one or more of paraffin wax, fatty acid of at least 8 carbon atoms, fatty alcohol of at least 8 carbon atoms, polyethylene glycol and triglyceride.
In a more specific embodiment, the melting point of the phase change material is 0-45 ℃, preferably 0-40 ℃.
In a specific embodiment, the heat exchange unit 4 further comprises heat conducting elements arranged between the phase change material and/or between the phase change material and the circulation line 5.
In a more specific embodiment, the material of the heat conducting member is a material having a heat conductivity coefficient exceeding 0.5 W.m -1 ·K -1 Comprises nano TiO 2 Nano Fe 3 O 4 One or more of graphene, expanded graphite, carbon nanotubes, copper foam, or aluminum foam. Preferably, the material of the heat conductive member is selected from one or more of graphene, expanded graphite, or carbon nanotubes. More preferably, the material of the heat conductive member is selected from materials having a specific surface area of more than 20m 2 ·g -1 One or more of the graphene, expanded graphite or carbon nanotubes, such as one or more selected from mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon fibers, acetylene black, carbon black, expanded graphite, graphene.
When the heat conducting piece with larger specific surface area is used as a skeleton carrier of the organic phase change material, the organic phase change material can be confined in the pore canal by utilizing capillary force and surface adsorption effect, and even solid-liquid phase change is difficult to leak out of the pore canal.
In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the phase change material to the heat conducting member in the heat exchange unit 4 is (3-9): 1. preferably 4:1.
in a specific embodiment, the heat exchange unit 4 is prepared by: referring to the vacuum impregnation method disclosed in CN110819307B, a phase change material is impregnated into a heat conductive member having a porous structure, wherein the phase change material is a mixture of n-decanoic acid and lauric acid, wherein the mass ratio of n-decanoic acid to lauric acid is 9: the porous heat conducting member is made of expanded graphite, wherein the specific surface area of the expanded graphite is 46.5m according to BET measurement 2 ·g -1 The mass ratio of the phase change material to the expanded graphite is 4:1.
in a specific embodiment, the number of heat exchange units 4 is at least 2; the 2 heat exchange units 4 are connected in series and/or in parallel. The number of heat exchange units 4 may be 2, 3, 4.
In a more specific embodiment, if the number of heat exchange units 4 is 2, the melting point of the first phase change material in the first heat exchange unit is 0-20 ℃, preferably 5-20 ℃; the melting point of the second phase change material in the second phase heat exchange unit 4 is 20-45 c, preferably 25-40 c.
In a specific embodiment, the battery contact coolant is selected from battery contact coolants conforming to the YD/T3982-2021 standard.
In a more specific embodiment, the battery contact coolant has a flash point above 160 ℃.
In a more specific embodiment, the pour point of the battery contact coolant is below-40 ℃, preferably below-50 ℃.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the temperature sensor 51 is located near the outlet and/or inlet end of the container 1. The temperature sensor 51 serves to detect the temperature of the battery contact type coolant flowing out of the container 1 and feed back information to the controller.
In one embodiment, in use, the battery 8 is immersed in the battery contact coolant.
In a more specific embodiment, the battery is selected from one or more of an electrochemical cell, a battery pack, or a battery module.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the circulation line 5 is provided with a first branch line 6; the first branch pipeline 6 is provided with a heating unit 2; the head and tail ends of the first branch pipe 6 are respectively in fluid communication with the circulation pipe 5 to form a first circulation branch, and the heating unit 2 is arranged in parallel with the heat exchange unit 4.
In the above embodiment, when the temperature sensor 51 monitors in real time that the operating temperature of the battery 8 is lower than the first preset threshold, the first branch pipe 6 is opened, and the heating unit 2 heats the battery contact type coolant and thereby transfers heat to the battery 8, so that the battery 8 rapidly reaches the operating temperature of low-temperature charge or continuous discharge. In a specific embodiment, the first preset threshold is 0 ℃.
In a more specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the first branch line 6 is provided with a first on-off valve 61.
In a more specific embodiment, the heating unit 2 is a resistance wire heating plate. The resistance wire heating plate can be turned on and off by adjusting and the heating power is adjusted.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the circulation line 5 is provided with a second branch line 7; the second branch pipeline 7 is provided with a cooling unit 3; the first and the second branch pipes 7 are respectively in fluid communication with the circulation pipes 5 at the head and the tail to form a second circulation branch, and the cooling unit 3 is arranged in parallel with the heat exchange unit 4.
In the above embodiment, when the temperature sensor 51 monitors in real time that the operating temperature of the battery 8 is higher than the second preset threshold, the second branch pipe 7 is opened, the cooling unit 3 reduces the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid, and the operating temperature of the battery 8 is rapidly reduced through the circulation of the battery contact type cooling liquid. In a more specific embodiment, the second predetermined threshold is generally the melting point of the phase change material.
In a more specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the second branch line 7 is provided with an on-off valve.
In a more specific embodiment as shown in fig. 1, one or more of a check valve 52, a circulation pump 53 and a flow meter 54 are also provided on the main circuit of the thermal management device.
In a more specific embodiment as shown in fig. 1, when the heat exchange unit 4 is arranged in parallel with the cooling unit 3 and/or the heating unit 2, the circulation line 5 is further provided with a switching valve for controlling whether the battery contact type cooling liquid passes through the heat exchange unit 4.
In a specific embodiment, the thermal management device further comprises a controller in signal communication with one or more of the temperature sensor 51, the check valve 52, the circulation pump 53, the flow meter 54, and the on-off valve.
The controller is used for controlling the working states of the cooling unit 3, the heating unit 2 and the heat exchange unit 4 through the received information fed back by the temperature sensor 51, so that the working temperature of the battery 8 is adaptively adjusted, and the fluctuation of the temperature of the battery 8 is reduced.
When the temperature sensor 51 detects that the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid flowing out of the container 1 is lower than a first preset threshold value, the temperature sensor 51 feeds information back to the controller, and the controller controls the opening and closing valve on the first branch pipeline 6 to enable the heating unit 2 to work so as to heat the battery contact type cooling liquid; when the temperature sensor 51 detects that the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid flowing out of the container 1 is higher than a second preset threshold value, the temperature sensor 51 feeds information back to the controller, and the controller controls to open the switch valve on the second branch pipeline 7 so that the cooling unit 3 works to cool the battery contact type cooling liquid; when the temperature sensor 51 detects that the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid flowing out of the container 1 is between a first preset threshold value and a second preset threshold value (including the first preset threshold value and the second preset threshold value), the temperature sensor 51 feeds information back to the controller, and the controller controls to open the switch valve on the circulation pipeline 5 so that the heat exchange unit 4 works, and the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid is adjusted based on the heat absorption and release effects of the phase change material in the phase change process.
In a more specific embodiment as shown in fig. 1, a method of using a thermal management device comprises the steps of:
when the temperature of the battery 8 is managed by the thermal management device, the battery 8 is immersed in the battery contact type cooling liquid contained in the container 1, the one-way valve 52, the circulating pump 53 and the flowmeter 54 are opened, when the temperature sensor 51 detects that the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid flowing out of the container 1 is lower than a first preset threshold value, the temperature sensor 51 transmits information to the controller, the controller controls to open the switch valve on the first branch pipeline 6, keeps the switch for controlling the cooling unit 3 and the heat exchange unit 4 to work closed, and starts the heating unit 2 to heat the battery contact type cooling liquid, the circulating pump 53 circulates the battery contact type cooling liquid, and therefore heat is continuously transmitted to the battery 8, and therefore, for a battery with an initial temperature which cannot work normally, the battery 8 can quickly reach a temperature which can work by the thermal management device in the application and enter a normal working state;
as the battery 8 continues to operate, the temperature of the battery 8 continues to rise. When the temperature sensor 51 detects that the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid flowing out of the container 1 rises to a first preset threshold value, the temperature sensor 51 transmits information to the controller, and the controller controls the on-off valve on the first branch pipeline 6 and the on-off valve on the second branch pipeline 7 to be closed, closes the heating unit 2 and controls the on-off valve to be opened so that the battery contact type cooling liquid flows through the heat exchange unit 4; circulating the battery contact type cooling liquid through the circulating pump 53, and performing heat exchange on the battery contact type cooling liquid based on heat absorption caused by phase change in the phase change material along with the temperature rising to a second preset threshold value, so as to primarily regulate the temperature of the battery;
if the temperature sensor 51 detects that the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid flowing out of the container 1 is continuously increased, and the temperature is larger than a second preset threshold value, the temperature sensor 51 transmits information to the controller, the controller controls the switch valve on the circulating pipeline 5 to be closed and controls the cooling unit 3 to work, the cooling unit 3 cools the battery contact type cooling liquid, the battery contact type cooling liquid is output through the circulating pump 53, and heat generated by the battery work is quickly transferred;
if the battery stops working, the temperature of the battery gradually decreases. When the temperature sensor 51 detects that the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid flowing out of the container 1 falls to the second preset threshold value, the temperature sensor 51 transmits information to the control device, the controller controls the cooling unit 3 to be not operated, the switching valve on the circulating pipeline 5 is controlled to be opened again, the phase change material is subjected to phase change to release heat, the battery contact type cooling liquid is output through the circulating pump 53, and the temperature of the battery 8 can be prevented from falling too fast by utilizing the heat released by the phase change.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a thermal management device is provided for use with a lithium ion battery, specifically, a lithium ion battery model number NCR 18650GA (Panasonic corporation, japan), having a cylindrical shape in appearance and dimensions: the diameter is 18.5mm, the height is 65.3mm, the lithium ion battery is placed in a cooling tank, and is immersed in battery contact type cooling liquid, the volume of the cooling tank is 500mL, the size is 100 multiplied by 50 multiplied by 100mm, the battery contact type cooling liquid is C8 alpha olefin trimer prepared based on a metallocene catalyst system and hydrogenation saturation, the related performance is shown in the following table,
preparation of phase change material: referring to a vacuum impregnation method disclosed in CN110819307B, a phase change material is impregnated into a heat conducting member having a porous structure, wherein the organic phase change material is n-decanoic acid and lauric acid, and the mass ratio of the n-decanoic acid to lauric acid is 9:1, the melting point of the phase change material is 31-34 ℃. The porous heat conducting member is made of expanded graphite, wherein the specific surface area of the expanded graphite is 46.5m according to BET measurement 2 ·g -1 The mass ratio of the phase change material to the expanded graphite is 4:1.
the phase change material is filled in the heat exchange unit 4, and the circulation line 5 passes through the heat exchange unit 4 in a spiral shape.
The battery was charged at a rate of 0.5C, a cutoff voltage of 21.25V, and a cutoff current of 0.32A by a constant current constant voltage (CC-CV) method, and discharged to a cutoff voltage of 13.5V under constant current, using a BT-2018P battery test system (new energy devices, inc. In north of lake blue).
When the lithium ion battery is discharged under the multiplying power conditions of 1.5C, 2C and 3C, the flow rate of the battery contact type cooling liquid is respectively set to be 20mL/min and 40mL/min, wherein the flow rate is controlled by the circulating pump 53 and the one-way valve 52, and the flow rate of the battery contact type cooling liquid is measured by the flowmeter 54.
The temperature of the battery was recorded using a calibrated (error ± 0.2) c temperature data collector Agilent 34970a and an omega type K thermocouple, placed in the middle of the lithium battery, starting at 30 ℃. And simultaneously, a temperature sensor is used for detecting the outlet temperature of the cooling tank, the circulating pipeline 5 is opened when the outlet temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃, and the second branch pipeline 7 is opened when the outlet temperature is more than 35 ℃. The change of the battery temperature with the discharge time under different flow rates of the battery contact type cooling liquid is shown in fig. 4 and 5.
As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the minimum flow rate of the battery contact cooling liquid in the thermal management device is 40mL/min, the temperature of the battery when discharging under the multiplying power conditions of 1.5C, 2C and 3C is controlled within 40 ℃ under the flow rate, and the battery contact cooling liquid is in the optimal working temperature range of the battery, if the flow rate of the battery contact cooling liquid is continuously reduced to 20mL/min, the temperature of the battery when discharging under the multiplying power conditions of 1.5C, 2C and 3C exceeds 40 ℃, and the capacity attenuation and performance degradation of the battery are easily caused. This indicates that the battery contact coolant in the thermal management device would not be able to transfer heat effectively if the flow rate is too low.
The test for controlling the battery operating temperature using two different thermal management modes was as follows:
the temperature of the cell was recorded using a calibrated (error ± 0.2 ℃) temperature data collector Agilent 34970a and an omega type K thermocouple, placed in the middle of the lithium cell, starting at 30 ℃. Simultaneously, the temperature sensor 51 is used for detecting the temperature of the battery contact type cooling liquid, the circulating pipeline 5 is opened when the temperature is more than or equal to 0 ℃ and less than or equal to 35 ℃, and the second branch pipeline 7 is switched to cool the battery contact type cooling liquid when the temperature is more than 35 ℃, so that the battery contact type cooling liquid is in a first thermal management mode; the second branch line 7 is directly used without the circulation line 5, which is the second thermal management mode.
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, the change of the battery temperature with the discharge time in different thermal management modes is shown, so that the battery using the switching mode of the circulation line 5 and the second branch line 7 is better in discharge temperature control under the multiplying power conditions of 1.5C, 2C and 3C, good temperature control effect can be obtained under the condition of small flow (40 mL/min), and the battery temperature fluctuation of the battery using the second branch line 7 mode alone is obviously larger, and the highest temperature of the battery under the condition of the same flow and discharge multiplying power is higher.
This is because the thermal management mode in which the circulation line 5 and the second branch line 7 are switched uses the characteristics of the phase change material that has a large latent heat and a small phase change temperature range, and the phase change occurs in a narrow temperature range to absorb a large amount of heat, so that the battery temperature discharged under the high-rate condition is effectively controlled, and the temperature fluctuation range is prevented from being excessively large. For the second thermal management mode, it is also possible to increase the control effect on the battery temperature by increasing the flow of battery contact coolant.
From the test results of fig. 6 to 8, when the flow rate of the battery contact type cooling liquid in the second thermal management mode is 70-100mL/min, the control effect on the battery temperature is close to that when the flow rate of the battery contact type cooling liquid in the first thermal management mode is 40mL/min, which indicates that the thermal management device provided by the embodiment can effectively control the working temperature of the battery at low energy consumption.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a specific thermal management device, specifically, two heat exchange units 4 are connected in series, where the first heat exchange unit includes a phase change material and a porous heat conducting member, and the mass ratio of the phase change material is 3:1, wherein the melting point of the phase change material is 10-14 ℃, the material of the porous structure heat conduction piece is expanded graphite, and the mass ratio of the phase change material to the expanded graphite is 4:1. the second heat exchange unit comprises a phase change material and a porous structure heat conduction member, wherein the phase change material is n-decanoic acid, the melting point of the phase change material is 28-32 ℃, the material of the porous structure heat conduction member is expanded graphite, and the mass ratio of the phase change material to the expanded graphite is 4:1.
as shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a specific thermal management device, specifically, two heat exchange units 4 are connected in parallel, where the first heat exchange unit includes a phase change material and a porous heat conducting member, and the mass ratio of the phase change material is 4:1, wherein the melting point of the phase-change material is 14-19 ℃, the material of the porous structure heat conduction piece is expanded graphite, and the mass ratio of the phase-change material to the expanded graphite is 4:1. the second heat exchange unit comprises a phase change material and a porous heat conduction member, wherein the phase change material is n-capric acid and lauric acid, and the mass ratio of the n-capric acid to lauric acid is 9:1, the melting point of the phase change material is 31-34 ℃, the material of the porous structure heat conduction piece is expanded graphite, and the mass ratio of the phase change material to the expanded graphite is 4:1.
the utility model provides a thermal management device, which can realize rapid cooling of a battery when the temperature is too high and rapid heating when the temperature is too low, so that the battery always works in the most appropriate temperature range, meanwhile, a circulating pipeline is arranged to play a buffering role, the temperature is prevented from rising too rapidly under the condition of rapid heating, and the temperature is prevented from falling too rapidly under the condition of cooling, so that the working efficiency of the battery is improved, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the whole energy consumption of a thermal management system is reduced.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present utility model and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the utility model. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the utility model be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (11)
1. The heat management device is characterized by comprising a container (1) for containing battery contact type cooling liquid, a heat exchange unit (4) adopting solid-liquid phase material with a melting point of 0-45 ℃ as a heat exchange medium and a circulating pipeline (5); the head and the tail of the circulating pipeline (5) are respectively in fluid communication with the container (1) to form a circulating loop; the heat exchange unit (4) is arranged on the circulating pipeline (5).
2. The thermal management device according to claim 1, wherein the circulation line (5) is provided with one or more of a temperature sensor (51), a one-way valve (52), a circulation pump (53) and a flow meter (54).
3. Thermal management device according to claim 2, wherein said temperature sensor (51) is close to the outlet end and/or inlet end of said container (1).
4. The thermal management device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange unit (4) further comprises a heat conducting member formed with a porous structure, said heat conducting member being arranged between phase change materials and/or between phase change materials and the circulation line (5).
5. The thermal management device according to claim 1, wherein the circulation line (5) is provided with a first branch line (6); the first branch pipeline (6) is provided with a heating unit (2); the head end and the tail end of the first branch pipeline (6) are respectively in fluid communication with the circulating pipeline (5) to form a first circulating branch, and the heating unit (2) and the heat exchange unit (4) are arranged in parallel.
6. Thermal management device according to claim 5, wherein said first branch pipe (6) is provided with an on-off valve.
7. A thermal management device according to claim 1, wherein the circulation line (5) is provided with a second branch line (7); the second branch pipeline (7) is provided with a cooling unit (3); the head end and the tail end of the second branch pipeline (7) are respectively in fluid communication with the circulating pipeline (5) to form a second circulating branch, and the cooling unit (3) and the heat exchange unit (4) are arranged in parallel.
8. Thermal management device according to claim 7, characterized in that said second branch line (7) is provided with an on-off valve.
9. The thermal management device of claim 5 or 7, further comprising one or more of a check valve (52), a circulation pump (53) and a flow meter (54) on the main circuit of the thermal management device.
10. The thermal management device of claim 2, further comprising a controller in signal communication with the temperature sensor (51).
11. The thermal management device of claim 9, further comprising a controller in signal communication with one or more of the one-way valve (52), the circulation pump (53), and the flow meter (54).
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