CN220437099U - Vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder - Google Patents

Vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN220437099U
CN220437099U CN202321908522.2U CN202321908522U CN220437099U CN 220437099 U CN220437099 U CN 220437099U CN 202321908522 U CN202321908522 U CN 202321908522U CN 220437099 U CN220437099 U CN 220437099U
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boron carbide
furnace
lifting
graphite electrode
furnace body
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马成良
王成春
李斯
臧东营
于勇
李祥
王安修
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Zhengzhou Yincheng Technology Co ltd
Zhengzhou University
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Zhengzhou Yincheng Technology Co ltd
Zhengzhou University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency

Abstract

The utility model relates to a vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder, and belongs to the field of boron carbide preparation equipment. The device comprises a furnace body, a furnace top sealing cover, a graphite electrode, a lifting device, a one-way exhaust device and a discharge device, wherein one end of the graphite electrode is inserted into the furnace body, the other end of the graphite electrode is connected with the lifting device, and the lifting of the graphite electrode is controlled by the lifting device; two charging tanks are symmetrically arranged on the furnace top sealing cover along the center; the graphite electrode is connected with a power supply device through a wire; the discharging device consists of a bottom valve plate and a hydraulic jack, and the bottom valve plate is adjusted to lift and rapidly discharge through the hydraulic jack; the unidirectional exhaust device is arranged on the furnace body or the furnace top sealing cover and is connected with the environment-friendly dust removing device. The device dynamically adjusts the position of the graphite electrode through the automatic lifting device in the heating process, precisely controls the crystallization process and the smelting process, and the generated boron carbide product is taken out through the discharging device, so that the device has the advantages of simple process, high heating speed, large-scale production and the like.

Description

Vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of boron carbide material preparation equipment, and particularly provides a vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder.
Background
Boron carbide (B) 4 C) The black diamond has high melting point, high strength, low density, large neutron capture surface, excellent thermal property, electrical property and chemical erosion resistance, is the most rigid substance after diamond and cubic boron nitride, so that the boron carbide is widely applied to various industrial fields such as mechanical grinding, refractory materials, engineering ceramics, nuclear industry, military and the like. B (B) 4 The preparation method of C mainly comprises the methods of element direct synthesis method, carbothermic synthesis method, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method (using magnesium as an initiator), chemical vapor deposition method (CVD), sol-gel method, mechanical alloying method, precursor cracking method and the like. At present, the industrialized preparation of boron carbide mainly adopts an alternating current arc furnace carbothermic reduction method, boric acid or boric anhydride is generally used as a raw material, carbon is used as a reducing agent, three-phase alternating current is utilized in the alternating current arc furnace, and high-temperature reduction reaction is carried out through conductive heat transfer of a graphite electrode, wherein a chemical reaction equation in the process is as follows:
2B 2 O 3 +7C=B 4 C+6CO
4H 3 BO 3 +7C=B 4 C+6CO+6H 2 O
the carbothermic reduction method of the alternating current arc furnace is simple in structure, small in occupied area and high in building speed of required equipment, but the process has the following defects: 1. the smelting temperature and the manufacturing process are uncontrollable, the heat loss is serious, the temperature difference of a furnace area is large, and the energy consumption is high (the ton electricity consumption of the boron carbide crystal block is about 27500-28500 kwh); 2. the boron carbide smelting process has the defects of large dust and heavy pollution, so that the production environment is bad, and the purity of the product is low; 3. and the boron carbide product generated by smelting is taken out from the upper opening of the furnace body, and the furnace outlet takes up a long time and has large heat loss. Therefore, there is a need to research and develop a preparation technology which is more energy-saving, environment-friendly and can produce boron carbide in a large scale.
At present, some researches on a preparation method of boron carbide exist, for example, a preparation method of boron carbide ultrafine powder (CN 107758670A) is carried out, a boron source and a carbon source are mixed to obtain smelting raw materials, the raw materials are placed in a smelting furnace body, and the smelting furnace body is subjected to heat preservation at 1500-1900 ℃ for 24-48 hours to obtain the boron carbide ultrafine powder, so that the preparation method has the advantages, but the process energy consumption is high; the novel boron carbide smelting device can prepare boron carbide by a near-closed high-temperature treatment method, so that the pollution of impurity elements is reduced, the product crystallinity is good, the purity is higher, but arc smelting is mainly adopted, and the process energy consumption and the production cost are higher; the preparation method of the boron carbide fine powder (CN 114105144A) comprises the steps of mixing boric acid, graphite powder, deionized water and a dispersing agent in a reaction kettle, and performing heat treatment twice to obtain the boron carbide fine powder, wherein the preparation method has the advantages of complex preparation process, low production efficiency and incapability of large-scale production; the method for producing the boron carbide crystal block by using the resistance furnace (CN 106747452A) comprises the steps of pressing boric acid and a carbon reducing agent into pellets by water, then placing the pellets into the resistance furnace for heating to 1900-2500 ℃, and smelting for 20-48 h to obtain the boron carbide crystal block.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the existing boron carbide preparation, the utility model prepares boron carbide by a nearly closed vertical direct current resistance heating or alternating current arc furnace heating smelting device with a movable electrode and a bottom discharging device, and the position of a graphite electrode is dynamically adjusted by an automatic lifting device in the heating process so as to accurately control the crystallization process and smelting process of the boron carbide, and the generated boron carbide product is taken out by the bottom discharging device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the vertical smelting furnace for preparing the boron carbide powder comprises a furnace body, a furnace top sealing cover, a graphite electrode, a lifting device, a one-way exhaust device and a discharge device, wherein one end of the graphite electrode is inserted into the furnace body through an opening in the furnace top sealing cover, the other end of the graphite electrode is connected with the lifting device, the lifting device consists of a support, a lifting driving piece, a lifting guide rail and a connecting rod, the other end of the graphite electrode is connected with the lifting driving piece of the lifting device through the connecting rod, and the lifting of the graphite electrode is controlled through the lifting of the lifting driving piece; two charging tanks are symmetrically arranged on the furnace top sealing cover along the center, and smelting raw materials are charged into the furnace body through the charging tanks; the graphite electrode is connected with a power supply device through a wire, and forms a current loop together with smelting raw materials in the furnace body, so that rapid heating is realized; the discharging device consists of a bottom valve plate and a hydraulic ram, and the smelted boron carbide material is rapidly discharged by adjusting the lifting of the bottom valve plate through the hydraulic ram, so that continuous production is realized; the unidirectional exhaust device is arranged on the furnace body or the furnace top sealing cover and is connected with an environment-friendly dust removing device.
Further, the number of the graphite electrodes is at least 2.
Further, the outer walls of the furnace body and the furnace top sealing cover plate are covered with heat preservation layers, and sealing layers are covered outside the heat preservation layers.
Further, the unidirectional exhaust device is of a self-operated type, an electromagnetic type or an electric type.
Further, the lifting device is of a gear transmission type or a hydraulic transmission type.
Further, the power supply device can generate stable and controllable direct current or alternating current.
The method for producing boron nitride by using the device comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing a boron source material and a carbon source material according to a certain mass ratio, uniformly mixing the weighed boron source material and the carbon source material, and further grinding to obtain a uniformly refined smelting raw material;
(2) After a furnace top sealing cover is covered on the top end of the furnace body, a graphite electrode is inserted and contacted with a bottom plate valve;
(3) After the smelting raw materials are filled into a furnace body through a charging tank, voltage and current are regulated through a power supply device, and the smelting raw materials are heated;
(4) According to different temperature stages, the graphite electrode is lifted by an automatic lifting device during heating along with the rise of the temperature of the smelting raw material, and the insertion depth of the graphite electrode is dynamically adjusted; heating smelting raw materials to 1900-2300 ℃ to obtain a boron carbide material;
(5) Taking out the boron carbide material through a discharging device;
(6) Crushing and grinding the synthesized boron carbide material, washing and filtering twice, and grading and drying to obtain boron carbide powder.
Further, the boron source material is at least one of boric anhydride and boric acid.
Further, the carbon source material is at least one of coke, activated carbon, petroleum coke and graphite.
Further, the mass ratio of the boron source material to the carbon source material is 3-5:1.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
according to the utility model, the boron carbide is prepared by a nearly closed vertical direct-current resistance heating or alternating-current arc furnace heating smelting device with a movable electrode and a bottom discharging device, the position of a graphite electrode is dynamically adjusted by an automatic lifting device in the heating process, so that the crystallization process and smelting process of the boron carbide are precisely controlled, and the generated boron carbide product is taken out by the bottom discharging device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sealed vertical DC resistance heating or AC arc heating metallurgical plant with mobile electrodes and a discharge device used in an embodiment of the utility model;
the device comprises a 1-furnace body, a 2-furnace top sealing cover, a 3-graphite electrode, a 4-lifting device, a 4 a-support, a 4 b-lifting driving piece, a 4 c-lifting guide rail, a 4 d-connecting rod, a 5-discharging device, a 5 a-bottom valve plate, a 5 b-hydraulic ram, a 6-lead, a 7-power supply device, an 8-charging tank, a 9-one-way exhaust device and a 9 a-environment-friendly dust removing device.
Detailed Description
The technical solution and effects of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the sealed vertical direct current resistance heating or alternating current arc heating smelting device with a movable electrode and a discharging device used in the following embodiments comprises a furnace body 1, a furnace top closed cover 2, a graphite electrode 3, a lifting device 4, a one-way exhaust device 9 and a discharging device 5, wherein one end of the graphite electrode 3 is inserted into the furnace body 1 through an opening on the furnace top closed cover 2, the other end is connected with the lifting device 4, the lifting device 4 consists of a support 4a, a lifting driving piece 4b, a lifting guide rail 4c and a connecting rod 4d, the other end of the graphite electrode 3 is connected with the lifting driving piece 4b of the lifting device 4 through the connecting rod 4d, and the lifting of the graphite electrode 3 is controlled through the lifting of the lifting driving piece 4 b; two charging tanks 8 are symmetrically arranged on the furnace top sealing cover 2 along the center, and are one-way discharging devices with sealing devices, and smelting raw materials are charged into the furnace body 1 through the charging tanks 8; the graphite electrode 3 is connected to a power supply device 7 through a lead 6, and forms a current loop together with smelting raw materials in the furnace body 1, so that rapid heating is realized; the discharging device 5 consists of a bottom valve plate 5a and a hydraulic top 5b, is a vertical reciprocating mechanism, and is used for adjusting the lifting of the bottom valve plate 5a to rapidly discharge the smelted boron carbide material through the hydraulic top 5b, so that continuous production is realized; the unidirectional exhaust device 9 is arranged on the furnace body 1 or the furnace top closed cover 2 and is connected with the environment-friendly dust removing device 9a.
The number of graphite electrodes 3 is at least 2, and in this embodiment, 3.
The outer walls of the furnace body 1 and the furnace top sealing cover 2 are covered with heat preservation layers, and sealing layers are covered outside the heat preservation layers.
The unidirectional exhaust device 9 is of a self-operated type, an electromagnetic type or an electric type.
The lifting device 4 is of a gear transmission type or a hydraulic transmission type.
The power supply device 7 can generate stable and controllable high-voltage direct current or alternating current with the voltage of more than 1000V.
Example 1
The method for preparing the boron carbide powder by adopting the vertical smelting furnace in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) Weighing a boron source material and a carbon source material according to a mass ratio of 4:1, uniformly mixing the weighed boron source material and the carbon source material, and further grinding to obtain a uniformly refined smelting raw material;
(2) After a furnace top sealing cover is covered on the top end of the furnace body, a graphite electrode is inserted and contacted with a bottom plate valve;
(3) After the smelting raw materials are filled into a furnace body through a charging tank, voltage and current are regulated through a power supply device, and the smelting raw materials are heated;
(4) According to different temperature stages, the graphite electrode is lifted by an automatic lifting device during heating along with the rise of the temperature of the smelting raw material, and the insertion depth of the graphite electrode is dynamically adjusted; heating smelting raw materials to 1900-2300 ℃ to obtain a boron carbide material;
(5) Taking out the boron carbide material through a discharging device;
(6) Crushing and grinding the synthesized boron carbide material, washing and filtering twice, and grading and drying to obtain boron carbide powder.
Example 2
The method for preparing the boron carbide powder by adopting the vertical smelting furnace in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) Weighing a boron source material and a carbon source material according to a mass ratio of 3:1, uniformly mixing the weighed boron source material and the carbon source material, and further grinding to obtain a uniformly refined smelting raw material;
(2) After a furnace top sealing cover is covered on the top end of the furnace body, a graphite electrode is inserted and contacted with a bottom plate valve;
(3) After the smelting raw materials are filled into a furnace body through a charging tank, voltage and current are regulated through a power supply device, and the smelting raw materials are heated;
(4) According to different temperature stages, the graphite electrode is lifted by an automatic lifting device during heating along with the rise of the temperature of the smelting raw material, and the insertion depth of the graphite electrode is dynamically adjusted; heating smelting raw materials to 1900-2300 ℃ to obtain a boron carbide material;
(5) Taking out the boron carbide material through a discharging device;
(6) Crushing and grinding the synthesized boron carbide material, washing and filtering for three times, and grading and drying to obtain boron carbide powder.
The boron source material of the utility model is boric anhydride or boric acid, and the carbon source material is coke, activated carbon, petroleum coke or graphite.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and not for limiting the same; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the utility model, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.

Claims (6)

1. The vertical smelting furnace for preparing the boron carbide powder is characterized by comprising a furnace body, a furnace top sealing cover, a graphite electrode, a lifting device, a one-way exhaust device and a discharge device, wherein one end of the graphite electrode is inserted into the furnace body through an opening on the furnace top sealing cover, the other end of the graphite electrode is connected with the lifting device, the lifting device consists of a support, a lifting driving piece, a lifting guide rail and a connecting rod, the other end of the graphite electrode is connected with the lifting driving piece of the lifting device through the connecting rod, and the lifting of the graphite electrode is controlled through the lifting of the lifting driving piece; two charging tanks are symmetrically arranged on the furnace top sealing cover along the center, and smelting raw materials are charged into the furnace body through the charging tanks; the graphite electrode is connected with a power supply device through a wire, and forms a current loop together with smelting raw materials in the furnace body, so that rapid heating is realized; the discharging device consists of a bottom valve plate and a hydraulic ram, and the smelted boron carbide material is rapidly discharged by adjusting the lifting of the bottom valve plate through the hydraulic ram, so that continuous production is realized; the unidirectional exhaust device is arranged on the furnace body or the furnace top sealing cover and is connected with an environment-friendly dust removing device.
2. The vertical smelting furnace for producing boron carbide powder according to claim 1, wherein the number of graphite electrodes is at least 2.
3. The vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder according to claim 1, wherein the furnace body and the outer wall of the furnace top sealing cover plate are covered with heat insulation layers, and the heat insulation layers are covered with sealing layers.
4. The vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder according to claim 1, wherein the unidirectional exhaust device is a self-operated type, an electromagnetic type or an electric type.
5. The vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder according to claim 1, wherein the lifting device is of a gear drive type or a hydraulic drive type.
6. The vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder according to claim 1, wherein the power supply device is capable of generating a stable and controllable direct current or alternating current.
CN202321908522.2U 2023-07-20 2023-07-20 Vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder Active CN220437099U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202321908522.2U CN220437099U (en) 2023-07-20 2023-07-20 Vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202321908522.2U CN220437099U (en) 2023-07-20 2023-07-20 Vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN220437099U true CN220437099U (en) 2024-02-02

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