CN220076112U - Battery pack locking mechanism and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a battery pack locking mechanism and an electric vehicle, wherein the battery pack locking mechanism is used for locking or unlocking a battery pack and a vehicle body of the electric vehicle to realize quick replacement of the battery pack, the locking mechanism comprises a first locking unit and a second locking unit, the first locking unit is arranged on the battery pack, the second locking unit is arranged on the vehicle body, the first locking unit comprises a positioning piece, an operating piece and a locking piece, the operating piece is rotationally connected with the positioning piece, the operating piece and the positioning piece are matched and enclose a limiting space, the locking piece can be floatably limited in the limiting space, and the operating piece can drive the locking piece to rotate when rotating so as to enable the locking piece to have a locking position locked with the second locking unit and an unlocking position unlocked with the second locking unit. The locking mechanism provided by the application enables the battery pack to be directly detached from the vehicle body from top to bottom, so that the installation locking and unlocking of the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle are easily realized, the battery pack is easy to operate and control, and the vehicle body space can be saved.

Description

Battery pack locking mechanism and electric vehicle

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to a battery pack locking mechanism and an electric vehicle.

Background

The electric vehicle has the advantages of zero emission, low noise, high operation and maintenance cost performance and the like, and is increasingly favored by users. The energy used by the electric vehicle is the electric energy provided by a battery pack carried by the electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle needs to be charged after the electric energy is used up. The battery pack of an electric vehicle is generally configured in a fixed type and a replaceable type, wherein the fixed type battery pack is generally fixed on the vehicle, and the vehicle is directly used as a charging object during charging. The battery pack can be quickly taken down to be independently replaced, namely, the battery which is pre-charged can be directly arranged on the vehicle, and the detached battery which is full of electricity can be independently charged to be arranged on the vehicle which is charged in a follow-up mode, so that the vehicle can be replaced with the full-charged battery in a very short time to quickly complete continuous voyage and energy supplement. Particularly, for heavy trucks, due to the structure, loading requirements and the like, large batteries with large capacity are often arranged on the heavy trucks, and the charging time of the large batteries is longer, so that the power change mode for the heavy trucks is more convenient to supplement energy. In a heavy truck with power change, a battery pack needs to be fixed by adopting a locking mechanism, and when power change is needed, the battery pack needs to be fixed by adopting the locking mechanism.

The battery package of interchangeable, all generally fix the top at the automobile body longeron, utilize the longeron to realize the supporting role to the battery package, because the automobile body longeron is higher on electric vehicle's the position relatively ground, battery package weight is heavier moreover, make the focus of battery package higher, stability relative to the vehicle is relatively poor, thereby influence the security that the vehicle was driven, and occupy the great space in driver rear, experience is relatively poor to the driving of driver, in addition, because the battery package sets up in the longeron top, only can change the battery package through hoisting structure, and adopt hoisting structure, the whole building of power conversion station is higher, area is big, the maintenance cost is high and the security is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a battery pack locking mechanism and an electric vehicle, which enable a battery pack to be installed on a vehicle body from bottom to top, so as to solve the problems of safety, stability and the like caused by the fact that the electric vehicle adopts a hoisting mode to install the battery pack.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:

the utility model provides a battery package locking mechanism for battery package and electric vehicle's automobile body locking or unblock realize the quick change of battery package, locking mechanism includes first locking unit and second locking unit, first locking unit is located on the battery package, the second locking unit is located on the automobile body, first locking unit includes setting element, operating element and locking piece, the operating element with the setting element rotates to be connected, the operating element with the setting element cooperation encloses into spacing space, the locking piece floatably be limited in the spacing space, the operating element can drive when taking place to rotate the locking piece is rotatory so that the locking piece has with the locking position of second locking unit locking and with the unblock position of second locking unit unblock.

In the technical scheme, the locking mechanism is used for locking or unlocking the battery pack and the body of the electric vehicle so as to realize quick replacement of the battery pack. The locking mechanism comprises a first locking unit arranged on the battery pack and a second locking unit arranged on the vehicle body, the locking member can be driven to rotate and be locked with the second locking unit by enabling the operating member to rotate along one direction, so that the battery pack can be directly arranged on the vehicle body from bottom to top, the operating member can be driven to rotate in the opposite direction, the locking member can be driven to reversely rotate and be unlocked with the second locking unit, the battery pack can be directly detached from the vehicle body from top to bottom, the installation locking and unlocking of the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle are easily realized, the battery pack is easy to operate and control, the disassembly and the assembly can be realized only by up-down movement, and the battery pack can be arranged below a longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle due to the structural design, so that the safety in the power change process is improved, and the space above the longitudinal beam is not required to be occupied; meanwhile, under the condition of meeting the use requirement of the electric vehicle, the electric vehicle has the advantages of simple and light structure, convenient operation and low cost, and is favorable for the popularization and the use of quick power change of the vehicle. Secondly, the operation piece and the positioning piece are matched to form a limiting space for limiting the locking piece, so that the operation piece, the positioning piece and the locking piece form an integral structure, locking and unlocking can be realized only by rotating the operation piece, the operation is convenient and quick, the first locking unit is still of an integral structure after unlocking, the phenomenon that all parts are scattered and separated can not occur, the first locking unit can still be kept in an installation state with the battery pack, and the quick disassembly and assembly of the battery pack are facilitated. In addition, the locking piece can float and set up, can reduce the requirement of counterpoint precision between locking piece and the second locking unit for even there is some angular deviation in second locking unit can make the locking piece can realize with the disconnection or locking cooperation of second locking unit along with the rotation of operating piece. In the preferred embodiment, can also install the second locking unit in the bottom of automobile body longeron, first locking unit installs at the top of battery package, makes battery package locking installation in the longeron below through the locking of first locking unit and second locking unit, realizes that the chassis trades the electricity, has following advantage: the battery pack is positioned below the longitudinal beam, so that the gravity center of the battery pack can be effectively reduced, the installation stability of the battery pack is improved, and the stability and safety of a vehicle are greatly improved; meanwhile, the structure is compact, the space utilization rate is high, and particularly, the space in the vertical direction of the vehicle body is high; in addition, the chassis is used for replacing electricity, so that the fault risk in the electricity replacing process is reduced, the safety is improved, the occupied area of the chassis electricity replacing system is small, the popularization cost of the electricity replacing station is low, and the quick replacement of the battery pack can be realized below the vehicle body by using the electricity replacing trolley; furthermore, the first locking unit is used as an operating part for force unlocking and locking, is arranged on the battery pack, and is easier to provide a power exchanging operation space for an operator or a power exchanging trolley in a mode of bottom power exchanging, so that the operation difficulty is reduced.

Preferably, the first locking unit further comprises a first elastic member, and the first elastic member is located between the locking member and the operating member, so that the locking member floats in the limiting space through the first elastic member.

In the technical scheme, the locking piece floats in the limiting space by utilizing the elastic change of the first elastic piece, and the locking piece is simple in structure, easy to realize and convenient to install. Moreover, the locking piece can be driven to move towards the position where the second locking unit is located by utilizing the ejection effect of the first elastic piece, so that the locking piece and the second locking unit are convenient to cooperate.

Preferably, the locking piece comprises a shaft rod extending along the vertical direction and a stop protrusion located at the end part of the shaft rod, which is close to one end of the second locking unit, the shaft rod is provided with a lock hole used for locking with the second locking unit, the lock hole extends along the axial direction and is arranged towards the second locking unit, and the first elastic piece is sleeved on the shaft rod and is located between the stop protrusion and the operating piece.

In this technical scheme, first elastic component cover is established outside the axostylus axostyle of locking piece and is located between backstop arch and the operating means, not only realizes that the locking piece can float, can also realize radial spacing to the locking piece, avoids the locking piece to take place great aversion along radial, guarantees that lockhole and the comparatively accurate counterpoint of second locking unit and realize the cooperation.

Preferably, a guide inclined plane capable of guiding the second locking unit to be matched with the lock hole is arranged at the end part of the lock hole, which is close to one end of the second locking unit.

In this technical scheme, utilize the guiding effect of direction inclined plane, make the second locking unit can easily get into in the lockhole and realize the locking, avoid locking piece counterpoint in-process to have too big position deviation to lead to the unable accurate ground of second locking unit to cooperate with the lockhole and influence and trade electric efficiency.

Preferably, the operation piece is provided with a limit groove, the limit groove and the positioning piece are matched to form a limit space, the periphery of the stop protrusion is provided with a matching surface, a limit surface is arranged in the limit groove, and the matching surface and the limit surface are in limit fit so as to drive the locking piece to rotate when the operation piece rotates.

In this technical scheme, through the spacing cooperation of the locating surface that makes the protruding cooperation that sets up of backstop and the locating surface in the spacing groove realize the linkage of operating piece and locking piece, make the locking piece can take place rotatoryly along with the rotation of operating piece, simple structure, simple to operate, reliability are strong.

Preferably, the lock hole is configured as a threaded hole, the second locking unit includes a bolt, the positioning member is provided with a through hole corresponding to the lock hole, and a threaded portion of the bolt extends into the limit space through the through hole to be matched with the lock hole.

In this technical scheme, through making the lockhole be the screw hole, the second locking unit includes the bolt, and the bolt screws the cooperation with the screw hole and realizes the locking of battery package and automobile body, and cooperation intensity is higher, fully guarantees the reliability and the stability of battery package at automobile body locking, even if under the form of bottom trading electricity, high-strength locking mechanism can give the reliable support of big heavyweight level battery package.

Preferably, the locating piece is internally provided with a working cavity for accommodating the operating piece, the operating piece comprises a limiting end and an operating end, the limiting end is rotatably arranged in the working cavity and matched with the end part of the locating piece, which is close to one end of the second locking unit, to form the limiting space, and the end part of the locating piece, which is far away from one end of the second locking unit, is open for at least part of the operating end to extend out.

In this technical scheme, the operating piece rotationally installs in the working chamber of setting element, and the limit end rotates in the working chamber and can realize driving the locking piece and rotate, and the operating end stretches out from the setting element, and the operating personnel of being convenient for is handheld or through the unblock or the locking of instrument rotation operating end realization locking mechanism.

Preferably, the limiting end and the positioning piece are in rotary connection through a bearing or a ball.

In the technical scheme, the rotating connection between the operating part and the positioning part is realized through the bearing or the ball, so that the rotating friction between the operating part and the positioning part is reduced, the rotation of the operating part is smoother and more labor-saving, the friction and abrasion of the operating part and the positioning part can be reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

Preferably, the periphery of the limiting end is provided with a first annular limiting groove, the inner wall of the working cavity is provided with a second annular limiting groove, and the first annular limiting groove and the second annular limiting groove are matched to form a rotary slideway for accommodating the balls.

In this technical scheme, the ball is except making the rotation of operating piece smoother, the ball respectively with the second annular spacing recess with the cooperation of first annular spacing recess can also spacing operating piece, avoids the operating piece to take place to remove along the axial of setting element.

Preferably, the locking mechanism further comprises a locking member movably disposed in the positioning member to have a first position and a second position, wherein: in the first position, the anti-loose piece is in anti-rotation fit with the operation piece to limit the rotation of the operation piece; in the second position, the locking member releases the restriction on the operating member to make the operating member rotatable.

In the technical scheme, the anti-loose piece is matched with the operation piece in a rotation stopping way when being positioned at the first position so as to limit the rotation of the operation piece, the operation piece is prevented from spontaneously rotating to drive the locking piece to unlock, the limitation on the operation piece is relieved when the anti-loose piece is positioned at the second position so that the operation piece can rotate, and the operation piece can drive the locking piece to lock or unlock.

Preferably, the anti-loose piece is provided with an annular gear, the operation end axially comprises a matched shaft section and an avoidance shaft section, the matched shaft section is provided with an outer annular gear, and the outer surface of the avoidance shaft section is smoothly arranged; in the first position, the locking piece limits the rotation of the operating piece through the matching of the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring; in the second position, the anti-loose member is sleeved on the avoidance shaft section so that the operation member can rotate.

In the technical scheme, the locking piece is meshed with the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring to limit the rotation of the operating piece, and the locking piece is simple in structure, convenient to install and reliable in rotation stopping limit. The outer surface of the avoidance shaft section is smooth, so that the rotation of the operating piece can not be blocked even if the inner gear ring of the anti-loose piece abuts against the avoidance shaft section.

Preferably, the periphery of the locking piece is provided with a sliding protruding portion, the inner wall of the working cavity is provided with a sliding groove, the sliding groove extends along the axial direction of the working cavity, the sliding protruding portion is in sliding fit with the sliding groove so as to switch between the first position and the second position, and the sliding protruding portion is in limiting fit with the sliding groove so as to limit the locking piece to rotate relative to the positioning piece.

In this technical scheme, the cooperation of slip convex part and spout forms spacing and direction to the locking piece, and not only avoid locking piece to rotate and drive the operation piece and rotate relative setting element, still make locking piece along the axial of operation piece remove more stable, smooth and easy.

Preferably, a hole shoulder extending along the circumferential direction of the working cavity is arranged in the positioning piece, a second elastic piece is arranged between the anti-loose piece and the hole shoulder, and the second elastic piece is used for driving the anti-loose piece to automatically move from the second position to the first position.

According to the technical scheme, through the arrangement of the second elastic piece, the locking piece is convenient to return to the first position from the second position automatically by utilizing the elasticity of the second elastic piece after the external force applied to the locking piece is removed.

Preferably, the periphery of the positioning piece is provided with a positioning convex edge extending outwards along the circumferential direction, and the positioning piece can be fixed on the battery pack through the positioning convex edge.

In this technical scheme, the setting of location protruding along is convenient for setting up locating part and battery package reliably fixed, can not produce the interference to locking piece and the operating piece in the working chamber when fixed, and the reliable of locating part and battery package is fixed, has also strengthened the intensity of locking mechanism, makes it can bear the battery package more reliably and stably.

The application provides an electric vehicle which comprises a vehicle body, a battery pack and a battery pack locking mechanism as described above, wherein the battery pack locking mechanism is used for locking and unlocking the battery pack and the vehicle body.

Due to the adoption of the structure, the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle is easily locked and unlocked, and the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle is simple and light in structure, convenient to operate and low in cost under the condition of meeting the use requirement of the electric vehicle, so that the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle is beneficial to popularization and use of quick-change electric vehicles.

By adopting the technical scheme, the application has the following technical effects: the locking mechanism is used for locking or unlocking the battery pack and the body of the electric vehicle so as to realize quick replacement of the battery pack. The locking mechanism comprises a first locking unit arranged on the battery pack and a second locking unit arranged on the vehicle body, the locking member can be driven to rotate and be locked with the second locking unit by enabling the operating member to rotate along one direction, so that the battery pack can be directly arranged on the vehicle body from bottom to top, the operating member can be driven to rotate and be unlocked with the second locking unit by rotating along the opposite direction, the battery pack can be directly detached from the vehicle body from top to bottom, the installation locking and unlocking of the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle are easily realized, the battery pack is easy to operate and control, the disassembly and the assembly can be realized only by up-down movement, and the battery pack can be arranged below a longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle by adopting the structural design, so that the safety in the power change process is improved, and the space above the longitudinal beam is not occupied; meanwhile, under the condition of meeting the use requirement of the electric vehicle, the electric vehicle has the advantages of simple and light structure, convenient operation and low cost, and is favorable for the popularization and the use of quick power change of the vehicle. Secondly, the operation piece and the positioning piece are matched to form a limiting space for limiting the locking piece, so that the operation piece, the positioning piece and the locking piece form an integral structure, locking and unlocking can be realized only by rotating the operation piece, the operation is convenient and quick, the first locking unit is still of an integral structure after unlocking, the phenomenon that all parts are scattered and separated can not occur, the first locking unit can still be kept in an installation state with the battery pack, and the quick disassembly and assembly of the battery pack are facilitated. In addition, the locking piece can float and set up, can reduce the requirement of counterpoint precision between locking piece and the second locking unit for even there is some angular deviation in second locking unit can make the locking piece can realize with the disconnection or locking cooperation of second locking unit along with the rotation of operating piece. In the preferred embodiment, can also install the second locking unit in the bottom of automobile body longeron, first locking unit installs at the top of battery package, makes battery package locking installation in the longeron below through the locking of first locking unit and second locking unit, realizes that the chassis trades the electricity, has following advantage: the battery pack is positioned below the longitudinal beam, so that the gravity center of the battery pack can be effectively reduced, the installation stability of the battery pack is improved, and the stability and safety of a vehicle are greatly improved; meanwhile, the structure is compact, the space utilization rate is high, and particularly, the space in the vertical direction of the vehicle body is high; in addition, the chassis is used for replacing electricity, so that the fault risk in the electricity replacing process is reduced, the safety is improved, the occupied area of the chassis electricity replacing system is small, the popularization cost of the electricity replacing station is low, and the quick replacement of the battery pack can be realized below the vehicle body by using the electricity replacing trolley; furthermore, the first locking unit is used as an operating part for force unlocking and locking, is arranged on the battery pack, and is easier to provide a power exchanging operation space for an operator or a power exchanging trolley in a mode of bottom power exchanging, so that the operation difficulty is reduced.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a locking mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a locking member according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an operation member according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the operating member and the locking member according to the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a bolt according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a first locking unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a positioning member according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a locking element according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a positioning member according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a mating assembly formed by a vehicle body, a battery pack and a locking structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a mating assembly formed by a vehicle body, a battery pack, and a locking structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals:

the positioning piece 1, the second annular limiting groove 11, the sliding groove 12, the hole shoulder 13 and the positioning convex edge 14;

2, an operation piece, a 21 limit groove, a 22 limit surface, a 23 limit end, a 231 first annular limit groove, a 24 operation end, 241 are matched with the shaft section, 2411 outer gear rings and 242 are avoided;

3 locking piece, 31 shaft lever, 32 stop projection, 33 lock hole, 34 guide inclined plane and 35 matching surface;

4 a first elastic member;

a 5 bolt, a 51 thread part and a 52 thread head;

6, rolling balls;

7, locking pieces, 71 inner gear rings and 72 sliding convex parts;

8 a second elastic member;

a 9 snap ring;

10 a vehicle body;

20 battery packs.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the general inventive concept, a detailed description is given below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

In the embodiment of the application, a battery pack locking mechanism is provided, and for convenience of explanation and understanding, the following matters are provided on the basis of the structure of the illustrated product. It will of course be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-described construction is provided as a specific example and illustrative only and is not intended to constitute a specific limitation on the scope of the application. In addition, the application also provides an electric vehicle which can be a commercial vehicle such as a heavy truck, a light truck and the like, and can be other electric vehicle types.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the battery pack locking mechanism provided by the application is used for locking or unlocking a battery pack and a vehicle body of an electric vehicle to realize quick replacement of the battery pack, and comprises a first locking unit and a second locking unit, wherein the first locking unit is arranged on the battery pack, the second locking unit is arranged on the vehicle body, the first locking unit comprises a positioning piece 1, an operating piece 2 and a locking piece 3, the operating piece 2 is rotationally connected with the positioning piece 1, the operating piece 2 and the positioning piece 1 are matched to form a limiting space, the locking piece 3 can be floatably limited in the limiting space, and the operating piece 2 can drive the locking piece 3 to rotate when rotating so that the locking piece 3 has a locking position locked with the second locking unit and an unlocking position unlocked with the second locking unit. In fig. 1, the locking member 3 and the second locking unit are shown in a locked state, and the locking member 3 gradually moves downward and is disengaged from the second locking unit as the operation member 2 is rotated and unlocked.

In the application, the locking mechanism is used for locking or unlocking the battery pack and the body of the electric vehicle so as to realize quick replacement of the battery pack. The locking mechanism comprises a first locking unit arranged on the battery pack and a second locking unit arranged on the vehicle body, the locking member 3 can be driven to rotate and be locked with the second locking unit by enabling the operating member 2 to rotate along one direction, so that the battery pack is directly arranged on the vehicle body from bottom to top, the operating member 2 can be rotated along the opposite direction, the locking member 3 can be driven to reversely rotate and be unlocked with the second locking unit, the battery pack is directly detached from the vehicle body from top to bottom, the installation locking and unlocking of the quick-change battery pack of the electric vehicle are easily realized, the battery pack is easy to operate and control, the disassembly and the assembly can be realized only by moving up and down, and the battery pack can be arranged below a longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle due to the structural design, so that the safety in the power change process is improved, and the space above the longitudinal beam is not required to be occupied; meanwhile, under the condition of meeting the use requirement of the electric vehicle, the electric vehicle has the advantages of simple and light structure, convenient operation and low cost, and is favorable for the popularization and the use of quick power change of the vehicle. Secondly, the operation piece 2 and the positioning piece 1 are matched to form a limiting space for limiting the locking piece 3, so that the operation piece 2, the positioning piece 1 and the locking piece 3 form an integral structure, locking and unlocking can be realized only by rotating the operation piece 2, the operation is convenient and quick, the first locking unit is still of an integral structure after unlocking, the phenomenon that all parts are scattered and separated can not occur, the first locking unit can still be kept in an installation state with the battery pack, and the quick assembly and disassembly of the battery pack are facilitated. In addition, the locking piece 3 can float and set up, can reduce the requirement to the alignment accuracy between locking piece 3 and the second locking unit for even there is some angular deviation in the second locking unit can make locking piece 3 can realize with the rotatory disconnection or locking cooperation of second locking unit of operating piece 2.

In the preferred embodiment, can also install the second locking unit in the bottom of automobile body longeron, first locking unit installs at the top of battery package, makes battery package locking installation in the longeron below through the locking of first locking unit and second locking unit, realizes that the chassis trades the electricity, has following advantage: the battery pack is positioned below the longitudinal beam, so that the gravity center of the battery pack can be effectively reduced, the installation stability of the battery pack is improved, and the stability and safety of a vehicle are greatly improved; meanwhile, the structure is compact, the space utilization rate is high, and particularly, the space in the vertical direction of the vehicle body is not required to occupy the space above the longitudinal beam; in addition, the chassis is used for replacing electricity, so that the fault risk in the electricity replacing process is reduced, the safety is improved, the occupied area of the chassis electricity replacing system is small, the popularization cost of the electricity replacing station is low, and the quick replacement of the battery pack can be realized below the vehicle body by using the electricity replacing trolley; furthermore, the first locking unit is used as an operating part for force unlocking and locking, is arranged on the battery pack, and is easier to provide a power exchanging operation space for an operator or a power exchanging trolley in a mode of bottom power exchanging, so that the operation difficulty is reduced. When the battery is specifically replaced, the battery with the electricity shortage can be supported in advance through the electricity replacing trolley, then the operation piece is rotated to enable the locking piece and the second locking unit to be unlocked, the first locking unit is separated from the second locking unit, the battery with the electricity shortage can be removed from the lower portion of the longitudinal beam through the electricity replacing trolley after the battery with the electricity shortage is detached, the battery with the electricity shortage is further detached, then the battery with the electricity shortage can be carried to the lower portion of the longitudinal beam through the electricity replacing trolley, the first locking unit on the battery with the electricity shortage is enabled to be accurately aligned with the second locking unit at the bottom of the longitudinal beam, then the battery with the electricity shortage is lifted to enable the locking piece to be in contact with the second locking unit, and the locking piece and the second locking unit are enabled to be in locking fit through the rotation operation piece, so that the locking installation of the battery with the electricity shortage is completed.

It should be noted that the locking manner of the locking member 3 and the second locking unit of the present application is not limited, and includes, but is not limited to, a threaded connection, a turnbuckle connection, a screw connection, and the like.

In order to ensure the locking reliability of the locking mechanism to the battery pack, the locking member 3 needs to have extremely strong structural strength, but the locking member 3 needs to be floatable in the limiting space, so as a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the first locking unit may further include a first elastic member 4, and the first elastic member 4 is located between the locking member 3 and the operating member 2, so that the locking member 3 floats in the limiting space through the first elastic member 4. It can be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the elastic force of the first elastic member 4 is utilized to make the locking member 3 float in the limiting space, the structure is simple, easy to implement and convenient to install, the structural strength of the locking member 3 is not damaged, moreover, the pushing effect of the first elastic member 4 is utilized to drive the locking member 3 to cooperate with the second locking unit, for example, in the embodiment of threaded cooperation of the locking member 3 and the second locking unit shown in fig. 2, the first elastic member 4 can drive the internal thread of the locking member 3 to contact with the external thread of the second locking unit, and the locking member 3 can be screwed with the second locking unit only by rotating after the internal thread and the external thread contact. In a preferred embodiment, the first elastic member 4 may be made as a spring, which is easy to install and inexpensive to install.

As to the specific structure of the locking member 3 and the manner of fitting with the first elastic member 4, as a preferred example in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, it is possible to make the locking member 3 include a shaft 31 extending in the vertical direction and a stopper projection 32 located at an end of the shaft 31 near one end of the second locking unit, the shaft 31 being provided with a lock hole 33 for locking with the second locking unit, the lock hole 33 extending in the axial direction and being provided toward the second locking unit, the first elastic member 4 being fitted over the shaft 31 and located between the stopper projection 32 and the operating member 2.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the first elastic member 4 is sleeved outside the shaft 31 of the locking member 3 and between the stop protrusion 32 and the operating member 2, when the locking member 3 and the second locking unit are unlocked, the stop protrusion 32 compresses the first elastic member 4 gradually along with the rotation and axial movement of the locking member 3, and when the locking member 3 is pulled out from the lock hole 33, the first elastic member 4 returns the locking member 3 by pushing the stop protrusion 32. The mounting mode of the first elastic piece 4 not only realizes that the locking piece 3 can float, but also can realize radial limit to the locking piece 3, avoids the locking piece 3 from generating larger displacement along the radial direction, ensures that the locking hole 33 and the second locking unit are aligned relatively accurately and realize cooperation.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a guide slope 34 capable of guiding the second locking unit to be engaged with the locking hole 33 may be provided at an end of the locking hole 33 near one end of the second locking unit. By utilizing the guiding function of the guiding inclined plane 34, the second locking unit can easily enter the lock hole 33 to realize locking, and the problem that the second locking unit cannot be accurately matched with the lock hole 33 to influence the power conversion efficiency due to overlarge position deviation in the aligning process of the locking piece 3 is avoided.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, the operating member 2 may be provided with a limiting groove 21, the limiting groove 21 and the positioning member 1 are combined to form a limiting space, the periphery of the stop protrusion 32 is provided with a mating surface 35, the limiting groove 21 is provided with a limiting surface 22, and the mating surface 35 and the limiting surface 22 are in a limiting fit to drive the locking member 3 to rotate when the operating member 2 rotates. The linkage of the operating piece 2 and the locking piece 3 is realized by the limit fit of the matching surface 35 arranged on the stop protrusion 32 and the limit surface 22 in the limit groove 21, so that the locking piece 3 can rotate along with the rotation of the operating piece 2, and the locking device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation and strong reliability. The present application schematically shows that the stop protrusion 32 has a polygonal structure with a rectangular cross section, so that the inner surface of the stop groove 21 may also have a rectangular structure adapted to the stop protrusion 32, four outer side surfaces of the stop protrusion 32 may form the mating surface 35, and four inner side surfaces of the stop groove 21 may also form the stop surface 22. Of course, the stop protrusion 32 may have other suitable structures, such as a triangle, a pentagon, or even an irregular polygon structure, and only the mating surface 35 disposed thereon is in limit fit with the limit surface 22 disposed in the limit slot 21 to realize rotation of the locking member 3 along with rotation of the operating member 2.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 5 and 6, the lock hole 33 is configured as a screw hole, the second locking unit includes the bolt 5, the positioning member 1 is provided with a through hole corresponding to the lock hole 33, and the screw portion 51 of the bolt 5 extends into the limit space through the through hole to be engaged with the lock hole 33. Through making lockhole 33 be the screw hole, the second locking unit includes bolt 5, and bolt 5 and screw hole screw the cooperation and realize the locking of battery package and automobile body, and cooperation intensity is higher, fully guarantees the reliability and the stability of battery package at automobile body locking, even if under the form of bottom trading electricity, high-strength locking mechanism can give the reliable support of big heavyweight level battery package. In practice, the screw head 52 of the bolt 5 may be extended in the radial direction of the bolt 5, and the screw head may be reliably fixed to the vehicle body by a plurality of fasteners such as screws.

Regarding the manner of the rotation fit of the operating member 2 and the positioning member 1, as shown in fig. 4 and 7, as a preferred embodiment of the present application, all the foregoing embodiments and examples may further provide a working chamber for accommodating the operating member 2 in the positioning member 1, where the operating member 2 includes a limiting end 23 and an operating end 24, the limiting end 23 is rotatably disposed in the working chamber and cooperates with an end of the positioning member 1 near the end of the second locking unit to form a limiting space, and an end of the positioning member 1 far from the end of the second locking unit is open for at least part of the operating end 24 to extend.

With the above structure, the operation member 2 is rotatably installed in the working cavity of the positioning member 1, and the limiting end 23 rotates in the working cavity to drive the locking member 3 to rotate, so in the embodiment in which the operation member 2 is provided with the limiting groove 21, the limiting groove 21 is disposed at the limiting end 23, so that the locking member 3 is in limiting fit with the limiting end 23. The operation end 24 extends out of the positioning piece 1, so that an operator can conveniently hold the locking mechanism by hand or rotate the operation end 24 through a tool to unlock or lock the locking mechanism.

In order to ensure a reliable rotation of the operating element 2 in the positioning element 1, as a preferred embodiment, the limit end 23 can be rotatably connected to the positioning element 1 by means of bearings or balls. Because the operating piece 2 and the positioning piece 1 are rotationally connected through the bearing or the ball, the rotational friction between the operating piece 2 and the positioning piece 1 is reduced, the rotation of the operating piece 2 is smoother and more labor-saving, the frictional wear of the operating piece 2 and the positioning piece 1 can be reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

In this embodiment, for the embodiment that the operating member 2 and the positioning member 1 are rotationally connected by the balls, as shown in fig. 4, 7 and 8, the outer periphery of the limiting end 23 is provided with a first annular limiting groove 231, the inner wall of the working cavity is provided with a second annular limiting groove 11, and the first annular limiting groove 231 and the second annular limiting groove 11 are matched to form a rotary slideway for accommodating the balls 6. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, in addition to enabling smoother rotation of the operating member 2 relative to the positioning member 1, the cooperation of the balls 6 with the second annular restraining groove 11 and the first annular restraining groove 231, respectively, also enables restraining of the operating member 2, avoiding movement of the operating member 2 in the axial direction of the positioning member 1.

In this embodiment, as a preferred example, as shown in fig. 9, the locking mechanism may further include an anti-loosening member 7, where the anti-loosening member 7 is movably disposed in the positioning member 1 to have a first position and a second position, and wherein: in the first position, the anti-loose element 7 is in anti-rotation fit with the operating element 2 to limit the rotation of the operating element 2; in the second position, the lock 7 releases the restriction on the operation member 2 to make the operation member 2 rotatable.

As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the locking element 7 is in a locked engagement with the operating element 2 when in the first position to limit the rotation of the operating element 2, so as to prevent the operating element 2 from spontaneously rotating to drive the locking element 3 to unlock, thereby ensuring the locking reliability of the locking structure and further improving the stability of the battery pack. When the anti-loose piece 7 is located at the second position, the restriction on the operation piece 2 is released, so that the operation piece 2 can rotate, and the operation piece 2 can drive the locking piece 3 to lock or unlock.

Regarding the manner in which the locking member 7 is in locking engagement with the operating member 2, the present application is not limited, and in a preferred example, as shown in fig. 4, 7 and 9, the locking member 7 may be provided with an annular gear 71, the operating end 24 includes a engaging shaft section 241 and an avoiding shaft section 242 along the axial direction, the engaging shaft section 241 is provided with an outer gear 2411, and the outer surface of the avoiding shaft section 242 is smoothly arranged; in the first position, the anti-loose element 7 restricts the rotation of the operating element 2 by the engagement of the inner ring gear 71 with the outer ring gear 2411 on the engagement shaft segment 241; in the second position, the anti-loose member 7 is sleeved on the avoiding shaft section 242 so as to enable the operating member 2 to rotate. Fig. 7 shows a state of the locking element 7 in the first position, where the locking element 7 is in anti-rotation fit with the operating element 2 through the annular gear 71 and the outer annular gear 2411, at this time, the locking element 7 can be pushed to move up to a second position sleeved on the avoidance shaft section 242, and in a specific implementation, the diameter of the section of the avoidance shaft section 242 can be smaller than that of the matching shaft section 241 so that the avoidance shaft section 242 is not in contact with the annular gear 71 of the locking element 7, so that the operating element 2 can rotate, and of course, the outer surface of the avoidance shaft section 242 is smoothly arranged, so that the rotation of the operating element 2 can not be blocked even if the annular gear 71 of the locking element 7 is abutted against the avoidance shaft section 242. The locking piece 7 restricts the rotation of the operating piece 2 through the engagement of the inner gear ring 71 and the outer gear ring 2411, and has simple structure, convenient installation and reliable rotation stopping limit.

Further, as shown in fig. 7 to 9, the outer periphery of the locking member 7 is provided with a sliding protrusion 72, the inner wall of the working chamber is provided with a sliding groove 12, the sliding groove 12 extends along the axial direction of the working chamber, the sliding protrusion 72 is in sliding fit with the sliding groove 12 to switch between a first position and a second position, and the sliding protrusion 72 is in limiting fit with the sliding groove 12 to limit the rotation of the locking member 7 relative to the positioning member 1.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the cooperation of the sliding protrusion 72 and the chute 12 forms a limit and guide for the locking element 7, so that not only is the locking element 7 prevented from rotating relative to the positioning element 1 to drive the operating element 2 to rotate, but also the locking element 7 is moved more stably and smoothly along the axial direction of the operating element 2.

Further, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, a hole shoulder 13 extending along the circumferential direction of the working cavity is provided in the positioning member 1, and a second elastic member 8 is provided between the locking member 7 and the hole shoulder 13, and the second elastic member 8 is used for driving the locking member 7 to automatically move from the second position to the first position. By the arrangement of the second elastic member 8, it is convenient to automatically return the locking member 7 from the second position to the first position by the elastic force of the second elastic member 8 after the external force applied to the locking member 7 is removed.

In addition, in the implementation, as shown in fig. 7, a snap ring 9 may be installed at the open position of the positioning member 1, and the first position of the locking member 7 is limited by the snap ring 9, so as to prevent the locking member 7 from being separated from the positioning member 1.

In this embodiment, as a preferred example, as shown in fig. 10, a positioning flange 14 extending outward in the circumferential direction may be provided on the outer periphery of the positioning member 1, and the positioning member 1 may be fixed to the battery pack by the positioning flange 14. The setting of location protruding edge 14 is convenient for setting up setting element 1 and battery package reliably fixed, can not produce the interference to locking piece 3 and the operating piece 2 of working intracavity when fixed, and the reliable of setting element 1 and battery package is fixed, has also strengthened the intensity of locking mechanism, makes it can bear the battery package more reliably and stably. Preferably, the fixing member 1 may be reliably fixed to the battery pack by fastening members such as screws penetrating the fixing flange 14 and being connected to the battery pack.

An electric vehicle according to the present application, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, includes a vehicle body 10 (only a part of the vehicle body at the installation site or a structure connected to the vehicle body is shown in the drawing), a battery pack 20 (only a part of the battery pack at the installation site or a structure connected to the battery pack is shown in the drawing), and a battery pack locking mechanism as described above for locking and unlocking the battery pack 20 to and from the vehicle body 10. Specifically, the first locking unit may be disposed on the battery pack 20, the second locking unit may be disposed on the vehicle body 10, and the battery pack 20 may be detachably mounted on the vehicle body 10 by locking the first locking unit and the second locking unit to realize quick replacement of the battery pack 20. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of second locking units may be respectively disposed at bottoms of two longitudinal beams of the vehicle body, and a plurality of first locking units are correspondingly disposed at tops of the battery packs, so that the battery packs are reliably fixed through one-to-one locking cooperation of the plurality of first locking units and the second locking units on the basis of realizing bottom power conversion.

It should be noted that, since the electric vehicle provided by the present application includes the battery pack locking mechanism in any one of the foregoing embodiments and examples, the battery pack locking mechanism has the beneficial effects that the electric vehicle provided by the present application includes, and no description is given here.

The application can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art at the places which are not described in the application.

In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.

The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (15)

1. The utility model provides a battery package locking mechanism for battery package and electric vehicle's automobile body locking or unblock realize the quick change of battery package, its characterized in that, locking mechanism includes first locking unit and second locking unit, first locking unit is located on the battery package, the second locking unit is located on the automobile body, first locking unit includes setting element, operating element and locking piece, the operating element with the setting element rotates to be connected, the operating element with the setting element is cooperated and is enclosed into spacing space, the locking element floatably be limited in the spacing space, the operating element can drive when taking place to rotate the locking element is rotatory so that the locking element has with the locking position of second locking unit locking and with the unblock position of second locking unit unblock.

2. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein,

the first locking unit further comprises a first elastic piece, wherein the first elastic piece is located between the locking piece and the operating piece, so that the locking piece floats in the limiting space through the first elastic piece.

3. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 2, wherein,

the locking piece comprises a shaft rod extending along the vertical direction and a stop protrusion located at the end part of the shaft rod, which is close to one end of the second locking unit, the shaft rod is provided with a lock hole used for locking with the second locking unit, the lock hole extends along the axial direction and faces to the second locking unit, and the first elastic piece is sleeved on the shaft rod and located between the stop protrusion and the operating piece.

4. The battery pack locking mechanism as in claim 3, wherein,

the end part of the lock hole, which is close to one end of the second locking unit, is provided with a guide inclined plane which can guide the second locking unit to be matched with the lock hole.

5. The battery pack locking mechanism as in claim 3, wherein,

the operation piece is provided with a limiting groove, the limiting groove is matched with the positioning piece to form a limiting space, the periphery of the stop protrusion is provided with a matching surface, a limiting surface is arranged in the limiting groove, and the matching surface is in limiting fit with the limiting surface so as to drive the locking piece to rotate when the operation piece rotates.

6. The battery pack locking mechanism as in claim 3, wherein,

the lock hole is configured as a threaded hole, the second locking unit comprises a bolt, the positioning piece is provided with a through hole corresponding to the lock hole, and a threaded part of the bolt extends into the limit space through the through hole to be matched with the lock hole.

7. The battery pack locking mechanism as in any one of claims 1-6, wherein,

the locating piece is internally provided with a working cavity for accommodating the operating piece, the operating piece comprises a limiting end and an operating end, the limiting end is rotatably arranged in the working cavity and matched with the end part of the locating piece, which is close to one end of the second locking unit, to form a limiting space, and the end part of the locating piece, which is far away from one end of the second locking unit, is open for at least part of the operating end to extend out.

8. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 7, wherein,

the limiting end is in rotary connection with the positioning piece through a bearing or a ball.

9. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 8, wherein,

the periphery of the limiting end is provided with a first annular limiting groove, the inner wall of the working cavity is provided with a second annular limiting groove, and the first annular limiting groove and the second annular limiting groove are matched to form a rotary slideway for accommodating the balls.

10. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 7, wherein,

the locking mechanism further comprises a locking piece movably arranged in the positioning piece to have a first position and a second position, wherein: in the first position, the anti-loose piece is in anti-rotation fit with the operation piece to limit the rotation of the operation piece; in the second position, the locking member releases the restriction on the operating member to make the operating member rotatable.

11. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 10, wherein,

the anti-loose piece is provided with an annular gear, the operation end axially comprises a matching shaft section and an avoidance shaft section, the matching shaft section is provided with an outer annular gear, and the outer surface of the avoidance shaft section is smoothly arranged;

in the first position, the locking piece limits the rotation of the operating piece through the matching of the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring; in the second position, the anti-loose member is sleeved on the avoidance shaft section so that the operation member can rotate.

12. The battery pack locking mechanism as in claim 11, wherein,

the anti-loose piece is characterized in that a sliding protruding portion is arranged on the periphery of the anti-loose piece, a sliding groove is formed in the inner wall of the working cavity, the sliding groove extends along the axial direction of the working cavity, the sliding protruding portion is in sliding fit with the sliding groove to switch between a first position and a second position, and the sliding protruding portion is in limiting fit with the sliding groove to limit the anti-loose piece to rotate relative to the positioning piece.

13. The battery pack locking mechanism as in claim 12, wherein,

the locating piece is internally provided with a hole shoulder extending along the circumferential direction of the working cavity, a second elastic piece is arranged between the anti-loose piece and the hole shoulder and used for driving the anti-loose piece to automatically move from the second position to the first position.

14. The battery pack locking mechanism of claim 7, wherein,

the periphery of the locating piece is provided with a locating convex edge which extends outwards along the circumferential direction, and the locating piece can be fixed on the battery pack through the locating convex edge.

15. An electric vehicle comprising a vehicle body, a battery pack, and the battery pack locking mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 14 for locking and unlocking the battery pack to the vehicle body.