CN219778929U - Liquid flow battery liquid storage tank and liquid flow battery system - Google Patents
Liquid flow battery liquid storage tank and liquid flow battery system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of flow batteries and provides a liquid storage tank of a flow battery and a flow battery system, wherein the liquid storage tank of the flow battery comprises a first liquid storage tank body and a second liquid storage tank body, the second liquid storage tank body is arranged at the top end of the first liquid storage tank body, the second liquid storage tank body is communicated with the first liquid storage tank body, and any cross section area of the second liquid storage tank body along the axial direction is smaller than any cross section area of the first liquid storage tank body along the axial direction; the first liquid storage tank body and the second liquid storage tank body are enclosed to form a storage cavity, and the storage cavity is configured to store electrolyte; according to the liquid storage tank of the flow battery, when the liquid level exists in the second liquid storage tank body, the surface area of the liquid level is smaller than that of the liquid level when the first liquid storage tank body exists, so that the contact area of the electrolyte and air is smaller, the contact oxidation degree of the electrolyte and air is weakened, and further the capacity attenuation of the flow battery can be slowed down.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of flow batteries, and particularly provides a liquid storage tank of a flow battery and a flow battery system.
Background
The large-scale use of traditional fossil energy brings about a plurality of problems such as climate warming and environmental pollution. In recent years, with the "peak of carbon, carbon neutralization" goal has been proposed. Renewable energy sources represented by wind energy and solar energy have been greatly developed. However, renewable energy sources have characteristics of volatility, intermittence and the like, and often cause larger impact on a power grid, which becomes a bottleneck limiting the large-scale application of the renewable energy sources. The energy storage technology with high power, high capacity and low cost is a key technology for adjusting the structure of the propulsion energy source and popularizing the development of renewable energy sources.
As a new generation of energy storage technology, the flow battery has good expandability, good safety and long service life, and has wide development prospect. Flow batteries are well suited as large-scale energy storage technologies because of their capacity and power independence, i.e., the electrolyte of stored energy can be increased independently of power, which can also be increased solely by increasing the number of cells in the stack.
In practical application, in order to prevent that the gas that the battery charge and discharge in-process produced can't in time be discharged, lead to the inside pressure of battery to rise to make the inside temperature of battery rise, influence the result of use and the life-span of battery, the liquid storage pot generally leaves certain space, so that the discharge of gas. However, in the conventional design, the liquid storage tank is generally in a straight-tube type design, and the negative electrolyte is oxidized by contact with air during the operation of the battery, so that the valence state of the flow battery is deviated, and the capacity attenuation is serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the utility model aims to provide a liquid flow battery liquid storage tank and a liquid flow battery system, and aims to solve the problem that in the related art, the contact area of electrolyte in a straight-cylinder liquid storage tank and air is large, and the capacity attenuation is serious due to oxidization.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the utility model is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a liquid flow battery liquid storage tank, including a first liquid storage tank body and a second liquid storage tank body, where the second liquid storage tank body is disposed at a top end of the first liquid storage tank body, and the second liquid storage tank body is communicated with the first liquid storage tank body, and any cross-sectional area of the second liquid storage tank body along an axial direction is smaller than any cross-sectional area of the first liquid storage tank body along the axial direction; the first liquid storage tank body and the second liquid storage tank body enclose to form a storage cavity, and the storage cavity is configured to be capable of storing electrolyte.
The embodiment of the utility model has the beneficial effects that: according to the liquid storage tank of the flow battery, the first liquid storage tank body and the second liquid storage tank body are enclosed to form the storage cavity to store electrolyte, wherein any cross section area of the second liquid storage tank body along the axial direction is smaller than any cross section area of the first liquid storage tank body along the axial direction, when the liquid level exists in the second liquid storage tank body, the surface area of the liquid level is smaller than that of the liquid level when the liquid level exists in the first liquid storage tank body, so that the contact area of the electrolyte and air is smaller, the contact oxidation degree of the electrolyte and the air is weakened, and further the capacity attenuation of the flow battery can be slowed down.
In one embodiment, the second liquid storage tank body is provided with a liquid mixing pipeline, and the liquid mixing pipeline is provided with a control valve; the liquid flow battery liquid storage tank further comprises a liquid level sensing device, wherein the liquid level sensing device is configured to monitor the liquid level position of the electrolyte; the liquid level sensing device is electrically connected with the control valve.
In one embodiment, the second liquid storage tank body is provided with an observation window, the liquid level sensing device comprises a visual sensor and a controller, the visual sensor is electrically connected with the controller, the controller is electrically connected with the control valve, and the sensing end of the visual sensor faces the observation window.
In one embodiment, the second liquid storage tank body is provided with a liquid outlet pipe, and the radius of the cross section of the liquid outlet pipe is S 2 The radius of the cross section of the second liquid storage tank body is S 1 The ratio of the radius of the cross section of the liquid outlet pipeline to the radius of the cross section of the second liquid storage tank body isWherein K is more than or equal to 1.2.
In one embodiment, the second liquid storage tank body is provided with an exhaust channel, and the exhaust channel is provided with a one-way valve along the storage cavity to the outside.
In one embodiment, the first fluid reservoir is a cylindrical canister and the second fluid reservoir is a cylindrical canister.
In one embodiment, the second fluid reservoir has a cross-sectional radius S 1 The radius of the cross section of the first liquid storage tank body is S 3 The ratio of the radius of the cross section of the second liquid storage tank body to the radius of the cross section of the first liquid storage tank body isWherein, the value range of R is 0.1-0.6.
In one embodiment, the height of the second liquid storage tank body is H 1 The height of the first liquid storage tank body is H 2 The ratio of the height of the second liquid storage tank body to the height of the first liquid storage tank body isWherein the value range of H is 0.2-1.
In one embodiment, the height of the second liquid storage tank body is H 1 The radius of the cross section of the second liquid storage tank body is S 1 The ratio of the height of the second liquid storage tank body to the radius of the cross section of the first liquid storage tank body isWherein, the value range of D is 0.5-2.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present utility model further provides a flow battery system, where the flow battery system at least includes a flow battery liquid storage tank as described above.
The embodiment of the utility model has the beneficial effects that: according to the flow battery system provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the liquid level area of the liquid storage tank of the flow battery can be reduced when electrolyte is stored, so that the purpose of reducing the oxidation degree and slowing down the capacity attenuation is realized, and therefore, the capacity attenuation rate of the flow battery system is relatively slower.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid storage tank of a flow battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow battery system according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a battery capacity fade in accordance with a first embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an ultraviolet spectroscopic test in the first embodiment of the application.
Wherein, each reference sign in the figure:
100. a liquid storage tank of the flow battery; 101. a storage chamber; 200. a flow battery system; 10. a first liquid storage tank body; 20. a second liquid storage tank body; 21. a liquid mixing pipeline; 22. a control valve; 23. an observation window; 24. a visual sensor; 25. a controller; 26. an exhaust passage; 27. a one-way valve; 28. and a liquid outlet pipeline.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present utility model are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present utility model and should not be construed as limiting the utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present utility model and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the use process of the flow battery system, in order to prevent that the gas generated in the battery charging and discharging process can not be discharged in time, the internal pressure of the battery is increased, so that the internal temperature of the battery is increased, the use effect and the service life of the battery are influenced, and a certain space is reserved in a liquid storage tank so as to facilitate the discharge of the gas. However, in the conventional design, the liquid storage tank is generally in a straight-tube type design, and the negative electrolyte is oxidized by contact with air during the operation of the battery, so that the valence state of the flow battery is deviated, and the capacity attenuation is serious.
The effect of oxidation of the electrolyte upon contact with air will be described in detail below.
In the long-term cyclic operation process of the flow battery system, active ions of the negative electrode can be oxidized by contacting with oxygen in the air. Taking an all-vanadium redox flow battery (vanadium redox flow battery, hereinafter referred to as VRFB) as an example, the reaction is as follows:
O 2 +4H + +4V 2+ →4V 3+ +2H 2 O。
taking an iron-chromium flow battery as an example, the reaction is as follows:
O 2 +4H + +4Cr 2+ →4Cr 3+ +2H 2 O。
this reaction can result in loss of state of charge (SOC) on the negative side of the flow battery system, affecting battery coulombic efficiency, and causing an increase in overall electrolyte valence and a decay in battery cycling capacity.
Taking an all-vanadium redox flow battery as an example, from the following formulas, the negative electrode side electrolyte active material undergoes an oxidation reaction with air to affect the battery Coulombic Efficiency (CE) and the electrolyte valence (valence), and the circulation capacity (capacity) is attenuated due to the increase of the electrolyte valence.
Capacity＝min{vol - *C - *|3.5-Val - |，vol + *C + *|3.5-Val + |}
Wherein n is v2 Is V in the negative electrode electrolyte 2+ Is used in the preparation of a medicament,is the total amount of substance of V (vanadium) ions in the negative electrode electrolyte. n is n v5 Is VO in the negative electrode electrolyte 2+ The amount of (vanadium oxy ion) substance, < >>The total amount of substance that is V ion in the positive electrode electrolyte. When the battery SOC - When the electrolyte is not zero, the negative electrode electrolyte has V 2+ The ions are easy to contact with air to generate oxidation reaction, such as the oxidation reaction formula of the vanadium redox flow battery, so that the negative electrode SOC of the battery is caused - Decline to the positive pole SOC + The difference exists, so that the valence (valence) is shifted (the equilibrium valence is 3.5), and the relationship between the capacity attenuation and valence unbalance is obtained by the capacity calculation formula according to the valence calculation formula.
Wherein the Coulombic Efficiency (CE) is equal to the discharge amount (Qdischarge) divided by the charge amount (Qcharge), and 1 minus V 2+ The sum of the amount of charge lost by contact with air (qcondume) and the amount of charge consumed by diffusion of vanadium ions across the membrane and side reactions (qther) inside the VRFB is divided by the amount of charge (qdharge). When V is 2+ The increase of the amount of charge (qcondume) lost by contact with air reduces CE, and the performance of the flow battery system decreases and the energy storage cost increases.
Wherein the valence state (value) of the electrolyte is equal to the volume (vol) of the positive electrode electrolyte + ) Multiplying the concentration of the positive electrode electrolyte (C + ) Multiplying the valence state (Val) of the positive electrode electrolyte + ) Volume of negative electrode electrolyte (vol) - ) Multiplying the concentration of the negative electrode electrolyte (C - ) Multiplying the negative electrode electricityValence of the solution (Val) - ) The sum is divided by (vol) + *C + +vol - *C - ). Due to V2 + With air, resulting in Val - Elevation, resulting in an elevation of the overall valence state. According to the Capacity calculation formula, the cycle Capacity (Capacity) of the VRFB can be attenuated due to the fact that the valence of the negative electrode of the VRFB is increased.
In summary, in addition to VRFB, in the charge and discharge operation process of other flow battery systems, oxidation of the low-valence active material of the negative electrode in contact with air may lead to cycle capacity attenuation and loss of coulombic efficiency, and finally result in reduction of the electricity storage amount and improvement of the electricity storage cost of the battery in the service life. In order to solve the problems that oxidation of the active material on the negative electrode side of RFBs in contact with air can lead to cycle capacity attenuation and coulombic efficiency loss, we found through experiments that the ratio K of the contact area of air and the electrolyte liquid level to the cross-sectional area of a liquid outlet pipeline has the following relation with the negative electrode SOC of a flow battery system:
SOC - ＝e -c *e -Kt
wherein e -c Constant equal to initial SOC - 。SOC - As can be seen from the above formula, decreasing the ratio K can slow down the SOC - Thereby mitigating valence shifts and capacity decays. Therefore, the embodiment of the utility model provides the liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the flow battery system, because any cross section area of the second liquid storage tank body along the axial direction is smaller than any cross section area of the first liquid storage tank body along the axial direction, when the liquid level exists in the second liquid storage tank body, the surface area of the liquid level is smaller than that of the liquid level when the liquid level exists in the first liquid storage tank body, the contact area of the electrolyte and the air is smaller, the contact oxidation degree of the electrolyte and the air is weakened, and the capacity attenuation of the flow battery can be further slowed down.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a liquid flow battery liquid storage tank 100, which includes a first liquid storage tank body 10 and a second liquid storage tank body 20, wherein the second liquid storage tank body 20 is disposed at the top end of the first liquid storage tank body 10, the second liquid storage tank body 20 is communicated with the first liquid storage tank body 10, and any cross-sectional area of the second liquid storage tank body 20 along the axial direction is smaller than any cross-sectional area of the first liquid storage tank body 10 along the axial direction; the first and second liquid storage tanks 10, 20 enclose a storage chamber 101, the storage chamber 101 being configured to be able to store an electrolyte.
It will be appreciated that the flow battery reservoir 100 is configured to store electrolyte of a flow battery, and the flow battery reservoir 100 may be configured to serve as a reservoir for negative electrolyte and may also serve as a reservoir for positive electrolyte.
The first liquid storage tank 10 is used for storing electrolyte, so the first liquid storage tank 10 is generally a cylindrical tank with larger volume; the second liquid storage tank body 20 is arranged at the top end of the first liquid storage tank body 10, the second liquid storage tank body 20 is used for setting the liquid level of electrolyte, any cross-sectional area of the second liquid storage tank body 20 is smaller than any cross-sectional area of the first liquid storage tank body 10, namely, the largest cross-sectional area of the second liquid storage tank body 20 is smaller than the smallest cross-sectional area of the first liquid storage tank body 10, the liquid level is smaller when existing in the second liquid storage tank body 20, and the contact area between the liquid level and air reserved in the storage cavity 101 is updated, so that the oxidation degree is reduced, and the purpose of reducing the volume attenuation is achieved.
Specifically, the top end of the first liquid storage tank body 10 refers to the side, above the working state, of the first liquid storage tank body 10 when the liquid flow battery liquid storage tank 100 is in the working state; the second liquid storage tank 20 is located at the top end of the first liquid storage tank 10, and when electrolyte is injected into the storage chamber 101, the liquid level of the electrolyte can move into the second liquid storage tank 20 along with continuous filling of the electrolyte.
The first liquid storage tank 10 may be, but not limited to, a tank made of PP (polypropylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or the like, and the first liquid storage tank 10 may be, but not limited to, a tank made of barrel, cone, sphere or the like; the second liquid storage tank 20 may be, but not limited to, a tank made of PP (polypropylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or the like, and the second liquid storage tank 20 may be, but not limited to, a tank made of a barrel, a cone, a sphere or the like. Wherein, the first liquid storage tank body 10 and the second liquid storage tank body 20 can be fixedly connected into a whole by adopting modes of hot melt connection or bonding and the like; it will be appreciated that when the first liquid storage tank 10 and the second liquid storage tank 20 are made of PP, they are connected together by hot melt, and when the first liquid storage tank 10 and the second liquid storage tank 20 are made of PVC, they are connected together by adhesion.
According to the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the storage cavity 101 is formed by enclosing the first liquid storage tank body 10 and the second liquid storage tank body 20, wherein any cross section area of the second liquid storage tank body 20 along the axial direction is smaller than any cross section area of the first liquid storage tank body 10 along the axial direction, when the liquid level exists in the second liquid storage tank body 20, the surface area of the liquid level is smaller than that of the liquid level when the liquid level exists in the first liquid storage tank body 10, so that the contact area of the electrolyte and air is smaller, the contact oxidation degree of the electrolyte and the air is weakened, and the capacity attenuation of the flow battery can be slowed down.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, a liquid mixing pipe 21 is disposed on the second liquid storage tank 20, and a control valve 22 is disposed on the liquid mixing pipe 21; the flow battery reservoir 100 further includes a level sensing device configured to monitor the level of electrolyte; the liquid level sensing means is electrically connected to the control valve 22.
Wherein, the liquid mixing pipeline 21 is used for introducing electrolyte into the storage cavity 101; the control valve 22 is used for controlling on-off of the liquid mixing pipeline 21, when the control valve 22 controls the liquid mixing pipeline 21 to be communicated, electrolyte is introduced into the storage cavity 101 through the liquid mixing pipeline 21, and when the control valve 22 controls the liquid mixing pipeline 21 to be disconnected, the liquid mixing pipeline 21 stops introducing electrolyte into the storage cavity 101.
The liquid level sensing means may be an infrared sensor, a pilot pulse type liquid level sensor or the like. It will be appreciated that the sensing portion of the liquid level sensing means may be mounted at the top end of the first liquid storage tank 10 with the sensing portion of the liquid level sensing means facing the second liquid storage tank 20; alternatively, the sensing portion of the liquid level sensing device may be further mounted on the tank sidewall of the second liquid storage tank 20, with the sensing portion of the liquid level sensing device facing into the second liquid storage tank 20.
The liquid level sensing device is used for monitoring the liquid level position of the electrolyte so as to keep the liquid level of the electrolyte in the second liquid storage tank body 20; when the liquid level sensing device monitors that the liquid level of the electrolyte is lower than a first threshold value, the liquid level sensing device can send an electric signal to the control valve 22 so that the control valve 22 is opened, and the electrolyte is introduced into the storage cavity 101 through the liquid mixing pipeline 21; when the liquid level sensing device monitors that the liquid level of the electrolyte is higher than the second threshold value, the liquid level sensing device can send an electric signal to the control valve 22 so that the control valve 22 is closed, and the electrolyte mixing pipeline 21 stops flowing the electrolyte. The first threshold and the second threshold may be the height parameter of the second liquid storage tank 20, for example, the first threshold may be one third of the height of the second liquid storage tank 20, and the second threshold may be two thirds of the height of the second liquid storage tank 20.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the second liquid storage tank 20 is provided with an observation window 23, the liquid level sensing device includes a vision sensor 24 and a controller 25, the vision sensor 24 is electrically connected to the controller 25, the controller 25 is electrically connected to the control valve 22, and a sensing end of the vision sensor 24 faces the observation window 23.
Wherein the observation window 23 is used for observing from the outside to the inside of the second tank body 20 so that the position of the liquid surface can be observed. The observation window 23 can be made of transparent PP or PVC materials, and is resistant to strong acid corrosion.
The vision sensor 24 is primarily composed of one or two graphic sensors, and the vision sensor 24 is primarily used to acquire the most primitive images that are adequately processed by the machine vision system.
The controller 25 refers to a master device that changes the wiring of a main circuit or a control circuit and changes the resistance value in the circuit in a predetermined order to control the starting, speed regulation, braking, and reversing of the motor. The controller 25 may be, for example, a single-chip microcomputer or the like.
The vision sensor 24 faces the observation window 23, the vision sensor 24 transmits to the controller 25 through shooting a real-time image, the controller 25 performs image analysis to judge the liquid level position, when the controller 25 judges that the liquid level in the image is reduced to a first threshold value, the control valve 22 is controlled to be opened, the electrolyte mixing pipeline 21 is filled with electrolyte into the storage cavity 101, and until the controller 25 judges that the liquid level in the image is up to a second threshold value, the control valve 22 is closed.
By such arrangement, the liquid level of the electrolyte can be kept in the second liquid storage tank body 20, the liquid level area is reduced, the oxidation degree of the electrolyte is reduced on the premise of not influencing the storage of the electrolyte, and the capacity fading is further slowed down.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the second liquid storage tank 20 is provided with a liquid outlet pipe 28, and a radius of a cross section of the liquid outlet pipe 28 is S 2 The second fluid reservoir body 20 has a cross-sectional radius S 1 The ratio of the cross-sectional radius of the liquid outlet pipe 28 to the cross-sectional radius of the second liquid storage tank 20 isWherein K is more than or equal to 1.2.
Wherein the liquid outlet pipe 28 is used for discharging the electrolyte in the storage cavity 101 outwards to flow through the inside of the electric pile. It will be appreciated that K is the ratio of the cross-sectional radius of the outlet conduit 28 to the cross-sectional radius of the second reservoir 20, with a smaller value of K being more beneficial in retarding the oxidative decay of the electrolyte.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the second liquid storage tank 20 is provided with a vent channel 26, and the vent channel 26 is provided with a check valve along the storage cavity 101 to the outside. The vent passage 26 is provided with a check valve 27 so that the vent passage 26 can allow hydrogen gas generated by a side reaction of the flow battery to be discharged from the vent passage 26, while external air cannot enter the inside of the flow battery reservoir 100 from the outside.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the first liquid storage tank 10 is a cylindrical tank. It will be appreciated that the first liquid storage tank 10 is provided as a cylindrical tank so as to be able to store a sufficient amount of electrolyte.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the second liquid storage tank 20 is a cylindrical tank. The second liquid storage tank 20 is a cylindrical tank, and the radius of the cross section of the second liquid storage tank 20 is smaller than that of the first liquid storage tank 10. The second liquid storage tank body 20 is arranged at the top end of the first liquid storage tank body 10, when the electrolyte is stored in the storage cavity 101, the electrolyte can be stored in the first liquid storage tank body 10, and the liquid level of the electrolyte exists in the second liquid storage tank body 20.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the second fluid reservoir body 20 has a cross-sectional radius S 1 The first liquid storage tank 10 has a cross-sectional radius S 3 The ratio of the cross-sectional radius of the second fluid reservoir 20 to the cross-sectional radius of the first fluid reservoir 10 isWherein, the value range of R is 0.1-0.6. As can be appreciated, the relative sizes of the first and second fluid tanks 10, 20 are adjusted by controlling the ratio of the cross-sectional radius of the second fluid tank 20 to the cross-sectional radius of the first fluid tank 10; the size of the second liquid storage tank 20 relative to the first liquid storage tank 10 is controlled by setting the value range of R to be 0.1-0.6, and the area of the liquid level is controlled to exist in the second liquid storage tank 20 on the basis of not influencing storage, so that the contact area of the liquid level and air is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the height of the second liquid storage tank 20 is H 1 The first liquid storage tank 10 has a height H 2 The ratio of the height of the second liquid storage tank 20 to the height of the first liquid storage tank 10 isWherein the value range of H is 0.2-1. It can be appreciated that by controlling the ratio of the height of the second liquid storage tank 20 to the height of the first liquid storage tank 10 to adjust the relative height of the second liquid storage tank 20, the second liquid storage tank 20 is prevented from being excessively high or excessively low to affect the storage of the electrolyte.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the height of the second liquid storage tank 20 is H 1 The second fluid reservoir body 20 has a cross-sectional radius S 1 The ratio of the height of the second liquid storage tank 20 to the radius of the cross section of the first liquid storage tank 10 isWherein, the value range of D is 0.5-2. By controlling the secondThe ratio of the height of the liquid storage tank body 20 to the radius of the cross section of the first liquid storage tank body 10 controls the overall configuration of the second liquid storage tank body 20, and the storage and the flow of electrolyte are prevented from being influenced by the too thick or the too thin arrangement of the second liquid storage tank body 20.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in a second aspect, a flow battery system 200 is further provided in an embodiment of the present utility model, where the flow battery system 200 at least includes a flow battery liquid storage tank 100 as described above. According to the flow battery system 200 provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the liquid level area of the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 can be reduced when the electrolyte is stored, so that the purpose of reducing the oxidation degree and slowing down the capacity fade is achieved, and therefore the capacity fade rate of the flow battery system 200 is relatively slower.
In one specific embodiment, the flow battery fluid reservoir 100 is designed as follows:
firstly, according to the required storage capacity Q of the system and the concentrations C of positive electrolyte and negative electrolyte, the storage volume of the liquid storage tank is determined to be V=Q/C/F= 965000/1/96500 =10m 3 。
The parameters k=10, r=0.4, h=0.5 and d=1 are determined.
The storage volume of the system liquid storage tank can also be obtained by the sum of the storage volume of the first liquid storage tank body 10 and the storage volume of the second liquid storage tank body 20, namely
WhileThus->The parameters k=10, r=0.4, h=0.5 and d=1 are substituted again to obtain
Thus, R is 1 ＝R 3 ·R＝0.98×0.4＝0.39m，
H 2 ＝R 3 ·D＝0.98×1＝0.98m，
H 1 ＝H 2 ·H＝0.98×0.5＝0.49m。
Finally pass->Determination of the cross-sectional area of the outlet conduit 28>And finally, finishing the determination of all design parameters of the closing-in type.
Through the above design flow, when the liquid storage tank 100 of the flow battery is filled with the electrolyte with a predetermined capacity, the liquid level of the electrolyte can be obtained to be at the position of one half of the height of the second liquid storage tank body 20, which ensures that the liquid storage tank 100 of the flow battery is filled to play a role.
In this embodiment, after the flow battery system 200 is operated for 102 days, the volume of the electrolyte in the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 for storing the negative electrode electrolyte is reduced to a critical value, the electrolyte in the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 for storing the positive electrode electrolyte is increased, and the visual sensor 24 outside the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 for storing the negative electrode electrolyte monitors the liquid level of the electrolyte through the observation window 23; wherein the vision sensor 24 may be a sensor of the relevant model number OV 7725. When the volume of the electrolyte in the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 for storing the negative electrolyte is reduced to a critical value, the singlechip (the singlechip with the model of STM 32F can be selected) judges by collecting information of the visual sensor 24 and sends an instruction for opening the control valve 22, the control valve 22 is opened, so that the excessive electrolyte in the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 for storing the positive electrolyte flows to the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 for storing the negative electrolyte under the principle of a communicating vessel, and finally the volume of the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte is rebalanced, and the function of the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 continues to play a role.
In the following, a detailed description will be given of several embodiments.
Example 1
The flow battery system 200 in this embodiment adopts an all-vanadium flow battery system, and both the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte of the all-vanadium flow battery system are stored by adopting the liquid storage tank 100 of the flow battery. The all-vanadium redox flow battery system also comprises a magnetic pump and a galvanic pile, and the pipe diameter of the liquid outlet pipe 28 of the liquid storage tank 100 of the redox flow battery is 3mm. In the working process of the all-vanadium redox flow battery system, the magnetic pump pumps positive electrolyte and negative electrolyte into the battery pile for reaction to release or store electric energy.
Illustratively, in the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 in this embodiment, the radius of the first liquid storage tank body 10 is 30mm, and the radius of the second liquid storage tank body 20 is 15mm, so that the value of K is
For convenience of comparison, the conventional flow battery system and the conventional liquid storage tank in the related art are used for synchronous test; the pipe diameter of the liquid outlet pipe 28 of the traditional liquid storage tank is also 3mm, and the radius of the tank body of the traditional liquid storage tank is 30mm, so that the value of K isThat is, the K value of the flow battery fluid reservoir 100 employed in this embodiment is lower than that of a conventional fluid reservoir.
Meanwhile, after the all-vanadium redox flow battery system adopting the redox flow battery liquid storage tank 100 and the traditional redox flow battery system adopting the traditional liquid storage tank in the embodiment are respectively operated for 50 hours, the battery capacity attenuation condition shown in fig. 3 is obtained; wherein, the abscissa in fig. 3 is the number of battery cycles, and the ordinate in fig. 3 is the discharge capacity (mAh); the triangles in fig. 3 refer to the capacity fade of an all-vanadium redox flow battery system employing a redox flow battery reservoir 100, and the diamonds in fig. 3 refer to the capacity fade of a conventional redox flow battery system employing a conventional reservoir. As can be appreciated from fig. 3, the capacity fade for a particular battery is as follows:
in the embodiment, the battery capacity of the all-vanadium redox flow battery system adopting the redox flow battery liquid storage tank 100 is reduced from 513.38mAh to 420.66mAh, and the capacity retention rate is 81.87%;
the battery capacity of the traditional flow battery system adopting the traditional liquid storage tank is reduced from 511.5mAh to 350mAh, and the capacity retention rate is 68.43%.
That is, the capacity retention rate of the all-vanadium redox flow battery system adopting the redox flow battery liquid storage tank 100 in the embodiment is relatively improved by 13.44%, and the fact shows that the redox flow battery liquid storage tank 100 in the embodiment plays an obvious role in delaying the cycle capacity attenuation of the all-vanadium redox flow battery system.
Meanwhile, in this embodiment, after the all-vanadium redox flow battery system using the redox flow battery liquid storage tank 100 and the conventional redox flow battery system using the conventional liquid storage tank are operated for 50 hours, respectively, the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte are mixed, and then diluted to 0.1M for ultraviolet spectroscopic test, and the average valence state of the battery electrolyte is calculated, as shown in fig. 4. Wherein the abscissa in fig. 4 is wavelength (nm), and the ordinate in fig. 4 is absorbance (a.u.); the triangles in fig. 4 refer to standard curves, the circles in fig. 4 refer to the uv spectroscopic test results of an all-vanadium redox flow battery system employing a redox flow battery reservoir 100, and the diamonds in fig. 4 refer to the uv spectroscopic test results of a conventional redox flow battery system employing a conventional reservoir. The standard curve is an ultraviolet spectroscopic standard curve when the valence state of the 0.1M electrolyte is equal to 3.5, and is also the initial valence state before the running of the flow battery system.
As shown in fig. 4, after the battery electrolyte of the conventional flow battery system using the conventional liquid storage tank is operated for another 50 hours, the ultraviolet spectroscopic curve of the mixed electrolyte is more severely deviated than that of the all-vanadium flow battery system using the liquid storage tank 100 of the flow battery.
As can be calculated from the ultraviolet spectroscopic data, in this embodiment, after the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte of the all-vanadium redox flow battery system using the redox flow battery liquid storage tank 100 are mixed, the average valence state of the electrolyte is 3.58 (valance 2=3.58).
After the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte of the battery capacity of the traditional flow battery system adopting the traditional liquid storage tank are mixed, the average valence state of the electrolyte is 3.64 (valance 1=3.64).
It will be appreciated that the higher the valence state, the more severe the capacity fade, thus further illustrating that the flow battery fluid reservoir 100 of the present embodiment has a significant retarding effect on the cyclical capacity fade of an all-vanadium flow battery system.
Example two
The flow battery system 200 in this embodiment adopts an iron-chromium flow battery system, and both the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte of the iron-chromium flow battery system are stored by adopting the liquid storage tank 100 of the flow battery. The all-vanadium redox flow battery system also comprises a magnetic pump and a galvanic pile, and the pipe diameter of the liquid outlet pipe 28 of the liquid storage tank 100 of the redox flow battery is 3mm. In the working process of the iron-chromium flow battery, the magnetic pump pumps positive electrolyte and negative electrolyte into the pile for reaction to release or store electric energy.
Illustratively, in the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 in this embodiment, the radius of the first liquid storage tank body 10 is 30mm, and the radius of the second liquid storage tank body 20 is 15mm, so that the value of K is
For convenience of comparison, the conventional flow battery system and the conventional liquid storage tank in the related art are used for synchronous test; the pipe diameter of the liquid outlet pipe 28 of the traditional liquid storage tank is also 3mm, and the radius of the tank body of the traditional liquid storage tank is 30mm, so that the value of K isThat is, the K value of the flow battery fluid reservoir 100 employed in this embodiment is lower than that of a conventional fluid reservoir.
Meanwhile, after the ferrochrome flow battery system adopting the flow battery liquid storage tank 100 and the traditional flow battery system adopting the traditional liquid storage tank in the embodiment are respectively operated for 50 hours, the capacity attenuation conditions of the battery are obtained as follows:
in the embodiment, the battery capacity of the all-vanadium redox flow battery system adopting the redox flow battery liquid storage tank 100 is reduced from 1270.6mAh to 1016.66mAh, and the capacity retention rate is 80.05%;
the battery capacity of the traditional flow battery system adopting the traditional liquid storage tank is reduced from 266.2mAh to 832.1mAh, and the capacity retention rate is 65.72%.
That is, the capacity retention rate of the all-vanadium redox flow battery system adopting the redox flow battery liquid storage tank 100 in the embodiment is relatively improved by 14.33%, and the fact proves that the redox flow battery liquid storage tank 100 in the embodiment has an obvious delay effect on the cycle capacity attenuation of the ferrochrome redox flow battery system.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the utility model is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. A flow battery fluid reservoir, comprising:
a first liquid storage tank body; and
the second liquid storage tank body is arranged at the top end of the first liquid storage tank body and is communicated with the first liquid storage tank body, and any cross section area of the second liquid storage tank body along the axial direction is smaller than any cross section area of the second liquid storage tank body along the axial direction; the first liquid storage tank body and the second liquid storage tank body enclose to form a storage cavity, and the storage cavity is configured to be capable of storing electrolyte.
2. The flow battery fluid reservoir of claim 1, wherein: the second liquid storage tank body is provided with a liquid mixing pipeline, and the liquid mixing pipeline is provided with a control valve;
the liquid flow battery liquid storage tank further comprises a liquid level sensing device, wherein the liquid level sensing device is configured to monitor the liquid level position of the electrolyte; the liquid level sensing device is electrically connected with the control valve.
3. The flow battery fluid reservoir of claim 2, wherein: the liquid level sensing device comprises a visual sensor and a controller, wherein the visual sensor is electrically connected with the controller, the controller is electrically connected with the control valve, and the sensing end of the visual sensor faces the observation window.
4. The flow battery fluid reservoir of claim 1, wherein: a liquid outlet pipeline is arranged on the second liquid storage tank body, and the radius of the cross section of the liquid outlet pipeline is S 2 The radius of the cross section of the second liquid storage tank body is S 1 The ratio of the radius of the cross section of the liquid outlet pipeline to the radius of the cross section of the second liquid storage tank body isWherein K is more than or equal to 1.2.
5. A flow battery fluid reservoir as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the second liquid storage tank body is provided with an exhaust channel, and the exhaust channel is provided with a one-way valve from the storage cavity to the outside.
6. A flow battery fluid reservoir as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the first liquid storage tank body is a cylindrical tank body; and/or, the second liquid storage tank body is a cylindrical tank body.
7. The flow battery fluid reservoir of claim 6, wherein: the radius of the cross section of the second liquid storage tank body is S 1 The radius of the cross section of the first liquid storage tank body is S 3 The ratio of the radius of the cross section of the second liquid storage tank body to the radius of the cross section of the first liquid storage tank body isWherein, the value range of R is 0.1-0.6.
8. The flow battery fluid reservoir of claim 6, wherein: the second liquid storage tank bodyHeight of H 1 The height of the first liquid storage tank body is H 2 The ratio of the height of the second liquid storage tank body to the height of the first liquid storage tank body isWherein the value range of H is 0.2-1.
9. The flow battery fluid reservoir of claim 6, wherein: the height of the second liquid storage tank body is H 1 The radius of the cross section of the second liquid storage tank body is S 1 The ratio of the height of the second liquid storage tank body to the radius of the cross section of the first liquid storage tank body isWherein, the value range of D is 0.5-2.
10. A flow battery system, characterized by: the flow battery system at least comprises the flow battery liquid storage tank according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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