CN219711679U

CN219711679U - Cylinder head assembly, engine and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN219711679U
Application number: CN202321080219.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王贵琛; 吴雪娇
Original assignee: Weichai Power Co Ltd
Current assignee: Weichai Power Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-05-04
Filing date: 2023-05-04
Publication date: 2023-09-19
Anticipated expiration: 2033-05-04

Abstract

The utility model discloses a cylinder head assembly, an engine and a vehicle, wherein the cylinder head assembly comprises: the cylinder cover is provided with a mounting cavity, and the inner side wall of the mounting cavity is provided with a sealing component; the valve seat, at least part valve seat peg graft in the installation intracavity, and the valve seat includes body structure, and body structure includes: the first area is arranged on the outer side wall of the body structure and corresponds to the sealing assembly; the first groove is arranged on the outer side wall of the body structure and is adjacent to the first area, and the first groove and part of the side wall of the mounting cavity form a cooling channel together; wherein the first region cooperates with the seal assembly to form a seal with the cooling gallery. According to the valve seat provided by the utility model, the first grooves for forming the cooling channels are formed in the adjacent positions of the first areas, and the cooling medium is introduced into the cooling channels to cool the sealing structure, so that the sealing structure can still have a good sealing effect after working for a long time at a high temperature.

Description

Cylinder head assembly, engine and vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to a cylinder head assembly, an engine and a vehicle.

Background

This section provides merely background information related to the present disclosure and is not necessarily prior art.

With the continuous development of engine technology, the requirements on engine power and the requirements on service environment are higher and higher, when the engine works, high-temperature and high-pressure gas acts on the bottom surface of an exhaust valve in the process of power stroke, heat is transferred to the exhaust valve seat ring through the sealing contact surface of the exhaust valve and the exhaust valve seat ring, and when the exhaust valve is opened and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows through the exhaust valve seat ring to be discharged, the surrounding structure of the exhaust valve seat ring is subjected to higher heat load, and the air valve and the valve seat are influenced; and even the performance and service life of the internal combustion engine.

Because the engine releases a large amount of heat in the working process, a sealing structure is avoided between the valve seat and the cylinder cover, so that the sealing element is prevented from being invalid due to insufficient temperature resistance under the high-temperature condition, and the cylinder cover and the valve seat are connected in an interference fit mode under the existing condition.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to at least solve the technical problem of poor sealing of a valve seat under a high-temperature condition in the prior art. The aim is achieved by the following technical scheme:

a first aspect of the present utility model proposes a cylinder head assembly comprising: the cylinder cover is provided with an installation cavity, and the inner side wall of the installation cavity is provided with a sealing component;

the valve seat, at least part the valve seat peg graft in the installation cavity, the valve seat includes body structure, body structure includes:

the first area is arranged on the outer side wall of the body structure and corresponds to the sealing assembly;

the first groove is arranged on the outer side wall of the body structure and adjacent to the first area, and the first groove and part of the side wall of the mounting cavity form a cooling channel together;

wherein the first region cooperates with the seal assembly to form a seal with the cooling passage.

According to the cylinder head assembly, the first area is arranged on the outer side wall of the body structure and is matched with the sealing assembly in the mounting cavity to form the sealing structure, heat can be prevented from being transmitted to the sealing assembly through the wall of the valve seat because the sealing assembly is arranged in the mounting cavity, and the first groove for forming the cooling channel is arranged at the position adjacent to the first area, and cooling medium is introduced into the cooling channel to cool the sealing structure, so that the sealing structure can still have a good sealing effect when working at high temperature for a long time.

In addition, the cylinder head assembly according to the embodiment of the utility model may have the following additional technical features:

in some embodiments of the cylinder head assembly of the present disclosure, the body structure has a uniform wall thickness in the first region.

In some embodiments of the cylinder head assembly of the present utility model, the body structure is provided with a through cavity penetrating in the axial direction, and the body structure is provided with a second area at one end of the through cavity, and the second area is used for being matched with the end part of the valve;

along the axial direction of body structure, body structure includes first body structure, second body structure and the third body structure that sets gradually along the axial direction, second body structure's radial dimension is less than respectively first body structure with third body structure, and form first recess, wherein, first body structure's lateral wall is equipped with first region, third body structure's inside wall is equipped with the second region.

In some embodiments of the cylinder head assembly of the present disclosure, the first body structure is provided with a second recess disposed opposite the first region, the second recess being in communication with the first recess.

In some embodiments of the cylinder head assembly of the present disclosure, the third body structure is provided with a third recess disposed opposite the second region, the third recess being in communication with the first recess.

In some embodiments of the cylinder head assembly of the present disclosure, the first body structure, the second body structure, and the third body structure are all solid of revolution structures.

In some embodiments of the cylinder head assembly of the present disclosure, the third body structure is connected to the mounting cavity in an interference fit.

In some embodiments of the cylinder head assembly of the present disclosure, a gap is provided between an end of the body structure remote from the second region and the mounting cavity.

A second aspect of the utility model provides an engine comprising a cylinder head assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.

A third aspect of the utility model provides a vehicle, characterized in that the vehicle has an engine as described above.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a valve seat according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 illustrates a plan view of a valve seat according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;

fig. 4 illustrates a perspective view of a valve seat according to a second embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 5 illustrates a plan view of a valve seat according to a second embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 6 illustrates a perspective view of a valve seat according to a third embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 7 illustrates a plan view of a valve seat according to a third embodiment of the present utility model;

fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a mounting chamber of the valve seat mounted to a cylinder head of the present utility model.

100. A valve seat; 110. a body structure; 111. an end portion; 120. a first body structure; 121. a first region; 122. a second groove; 130. a second body structure; 131. a first groove; 140. a third body structure; 141. a second region; 142. a third groove; 150. a cooling channel; 160. a through cavity;

200. a mounting cavity; 210. a seal assembly; 220. a fourth groove; 230. a seal;

d1 is the outer diameter of the first cylindrical section; d2 is the outer diameter of the second cylindrical section; d3 is the outer diameter of the third cylindrical section.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.

For ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "inner," "outer," "lower," "below," "upper," "above," and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" or "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the example term "below … …" may include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions) and the spatial relative relationship descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The utility model provides a valve seat which is arranged on a cylinder cover of an engine, and because a piston of the engine conducts a large amount of heat to a cylinder cover and parts connected with the cylinder cover in the stroke acting process, excessive heat is accumulated in each part of the engine, so that local high temperature can be caused, parts are easy to wear, deform and crack under the working condition of long-time high temperature, and the cylinder cover and the engine are seriously influenced.

The cylinder body of the engine is used for combusting a certain proportion of oil-gas mixture to apply work to the piston, so that preset power is output through the crankshaft connected with the piston, and a large amount of heat can be transferred to the cylinder body in the air inlet and exhaust processes, so that under normal conditions, an exhaust valve seat is arranged between the exhaust valve and the cylinder body, and an air inlet valve seat 100 is arranged between the intake valve and the cylinder body, and the exhaust valve seat and the air inlet valve seat can be made of wear-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials or be of structures which are easy to cool, so that the engine is beneficial to long-time work after being matched with the air valve.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the valve seat 100 provided by the utility model is suitable for both an exhaust valve seat and an intake valve seat, the valve seat 100 is mounted in a mounting cavity 200 of an engine cylinder cover, a sealing assembly 210 is arranged in the mounting cavity 200, a first area 121 of a body structure 110 of the valve seat 100 is matched with the sealing assembly 210 of the mounting cavity 200 to form a good sealing structure, and the sealing structure is used for sealing a cooling medium in a cooling channel 150 for cooling the valve seat 100, preventing the cooling medium from entering a combustion chamber after leaking, and damaging key components such as a cylinder sleeve, a piston ring and the like.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a first groove 131 is provided in the body structure 110 of the valve seat 100, the first groove 131 is provided adjacent to the first region 121 of the body structure 110, the first groove 131 forms a cooling channel 150 with a part of the cavity of the installation cavity 200, a cooling medium is introduced into the cooling channel 150, and the first region 121 and a sealing assembly 210 connected with the first region 121 can be cooled, and meanwhile, a large amount of heat of the valve seat 100 can be taken away by the cooling medium, so that the first groove 131 on the valve seat 100 has an important function of cooling the sealing assembly 210, preventing the sealing assembly 210 from continuously operating and failing under a high-temperature working condition, and a large amount of heat of the valve seat 100 and a cylinder body can be taken away by the cooling medium in the cooling channel 150.

Compared with the existing valve seat, the valve seat 100 provided by the utility model is greatly improved in structure, and firstly, the valve seat 100 and the installation cavity 200 of the cylinder cover are provided with the sealing structure instead of being connected only through interference fit, the sealing structure is adopted to replace the traditional interference fit, so that the valve seat 100 and the cylinder cover are convenient to detach during maintenance, and the valve seat 100 and the installation cavity 200 can be always kept well sealed by periodically replacing a vulnerable sealing part.

In the valve seat 100 of the present utility model, the first area 121 is disposed on the outer side wall of the body structure 110, and forms a sealing structure together with the sealing component 210 in the installation cavity 200, whereas the existing valve seat 100 generally places the O-ring on the valve seat 100, and the heat on the valve seat 100 is directly transferred to the O-ring, so that the deformation failure of the rubber ring is easily caused.

In the valve seat 100 of the present utility model, the first groove 131 for forming the cooling channel 150 is provided adjacent to the first region 121, and a large amount of heat is taken away by cooling the sealing assembly 210 through the cooling medium in the cooling channel 150, so that the cooling medium can take away most of the heat even if the valve seat 100 is in a high temperature environment, and the sealing assembly 210 always maintains a good sealing effect, and thus, the valve seat 100 of the present utility model is completely different from the conventional valve seat 100 in structure, and can achieve a good technical effect of being convenient to detach and preventing the sealing assembly 210 from being failed due to the influence of high temperature.

The valve seat 100 of the present utility model has been given specific structural configurations by various embodiments to facilitate the application of the valve seat 100 to various cylinder head assemblies and engines by those skilled in the art based on the examples of the valve seat 100 of the present utility model.

In an embodiment of the valve seat 100 according to the present utility model, the body structure 110 is provided with a through cavity 160, and an intake valve or an exhaust valve is disposed in the through cavity 160, wherein the body structure 110 is provided with a second area 141 at one end of the through cavity 160, the second area 141 is used for being matched with the end 111 of the valve, and the opening or closing is performed between the end 111 of the valve and the second area 141 of the body structure 110 at a certain interval time along with the rotation of the camshaft, so that the gas in the combustion chamber is exhausted, or smoothly enters the combustion chamber.

The first region 121 of the body structure 110 is far away from the second region 141, so that the valve seat 100 may be provided with a sealing structure at a position far from the end 111 of the valve, and the first recess 131 for forming the cooling channel 150 is provided at a position adjacent to the first region 121 of the body structure 110 of the valve seat 100, it should be noted that the second region 141 of the valve seat 100 of the present utility model can form a channel for gas to enter or exit from the end 111 of the valve, and the second region 141 also accumulates a large amount of heat, so the cooling channel 150 should be close to the vicinity of the second region 141 as much as possible, so that the cooling medium in the cooling channel 150 may take away a large amount of heat accumulated on the second region 141.

The wall thickness between the body structure 110 of the valve seat 100 and the through cavity 160 at the position of the first region 121 in the embodiment of the present utility model should be uniform, and the wall thickness at the adjacent portion of the first region 121 of the body structure 110 should also be uniform, so as to prevent the wall thickness of the body structure 110 in the first region 121 or the region near the first region 121 from being reduced, and a large amount of heat is conducted to the sealing assembly 210 connected to the first region 121, because the thicker wall on the valve seat 100 has a thermal resistance effect, and can block the heat transfer in the high temperature environment.

In an embodiment of the valve seat of the present utility model, the body structure 110 is sequentially provided with the first body structure 120, the second body structure 130, and the third body structure 140 along the extending direction of the through cavity 160. The body structure 110 is divided into a plurality of structures to explain respectively, and the technical teaching is that the body structure 110 can be arranged according to the specific structure of the cylinder body, for example, the body structure is arranged in an irregular structural form or is arranged as a revolving body structural member which is beneficial to processing.

The first area 121 of the valve seat 100 may be disposed on the first body structure 120, and the valve seat 100 forms a sealing structure with the sealing assembly 210 of the mounting cavity 200 through the first area 121 on the first body structure 120, so as to prevent the cooling medium in the cooling channel 150 from entering the combustion chamber, and the first body structure 120 may be disposed in different geometric shapes, such as a cylindrical structure, an elliptic cylindrical structure, or a cuboid structure, or may be disposed in a structure suitable for being matched with the mounting cavity 200 according to a specific structure of the cylinder, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, and the shape of the first body structure is an elliptic cylindrical structure.

Wherein, the seal assembly 210 of the installation cavity 200 may be configured as a seal groove structure, and the seal groove that is configured by roundabout achieves the effect of sealing the cooling medium, and may further be configured with a seal groove and different seal rings that are configured in the seal groove, and by means of the seal ring being matched with the first area 121, the seal ring may be configured as an O-ring, a Y-ring, or other seal rings that can prevent the cooling medium from leaking.

The first groove 131 of the valve seat 100 of the present utility model may be disposed in the second body structure 130, and the first groove 131 on the second body structure 130 and a part of the cavity of the installation cavity 200 form a cooling channel 150, and the cooling channel 150 may be communicated with a cooling circulation system of the cylinder head or the engine, and a circulating cooling medium is introduced into the cooling channel 150 to take away heat on the sealing structure, heat of the valve seat 100 itself, and heat in the installation cavity 200 of the cylinder head; the second body structure 130 may be a revolving body structure, the revolving body structure is concaved into a first groove 131, the second body structure 130 may be provided with other grooves or channels in other structures, and the effective area between the first groove 131 and the mounting cavity 200 on the cylinder cover should be as large as possible to achieve the purpose of taking away more heat, for example, the first groove 131 is annularly arranged on the valve seat 100, a cooling channel 150 may be formed between the first groove 131 and the mounting cavity 200 in the circumferential direction, and heat may be taken away in all directions of the circumferential direction of the valve seat 100; and, the first groove 131 and the cooling passage 150 formed in the installation cavity 200 should be provided with an inlet adapted to the entrance of the cooling medium and an outlet adapted to the discharge of the cooling medium to achieve the technical effect of circulating the cooling liquid in the cooling passage 150.

The structural form of the second body structure 130 can be adjusted according to the overall structure of the valve seat 100 and the structural form of the installation cavity 200, so as to achieve the effect of radiating heat of the sealing structure and taking away a large amount of heat in the installation cavity 200 of the valve seat 100 and the cylinder cover.

In an embodiment of the valve seat 100 of the present utility model, the second region 141 may be disposed on the third body structure 140, the second region 141 of the third body structure 140 is matched with the end 111 of the valve, the third body structure 140 is disposed outside the mounting cavity 200 of the cylinder body compared to the first body structure 120 and the second body structure 130, and thus, a sealing structure may be disposed at a region where the third body structure 140 is matched with the mounting cavity 200, in particular, a sealing assembly 210 may be disposed in the mounting cavity 200, and the sealing assembly 210 is matched with a sidewall of the third body structure 140 to form a sealing structure. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the outer shape of the third body structure is set to a rectangular parallelepiped structure.

Since the third body structure 140 is disposed outside the installation cavity 200, the third body structure 140 may be connected with the installation cavity 200 in an interference fit manner, and in the valve seat 100 of the present utility model, the sealing structure may be disposed at one end, and the interference fit structure may be disposed at the other end, so that the valve seat 100 may be easily separated from the installation cavity 200 of the cylinder head, and thus, the disassembly and the maintenance are convenient.

In an embodiment of the valve seat 100 of the present utility model, the bottom of the first groove 131 is disposed to extend into the first body structure 120, and the cooling channel 150 may extend into the first body structure 120, so as to cool the vicinity of the first region 121 of the body structure 110, wherein the first groove 131 may extend into the first body structure 120 on a sidewall near the bottom.

As shown in fig. 8, to better cool the sealing structure, including cooling the first region 121 and the sealing assembly 210 in the mounting cavity 200, a second groove 122 may be further disposed on the first body structure 120, where the second groove 122 is in communication with the first groove 131, so that the second groove 122 may be used as a part of the cooling channel 150, and the second groove 122 alone may have a better cooling effect on the sealing structure; the second groove 122 may be embedded in the first body structure 120 and communicate with a sidewall or bottom of the first groove 131, so that the second groove 122 is used to form a channel for cooling the sealing structure in the first body structure 120, and may take away most of heat from the sealing structure.

The second groove 122 may be further disposed in the first body structure 120 along the extending direction of the through cavity 160 and extend toward the vicinity of the first region 121 or be disposed parallel to the first region 121 to be capable of cooling the first region 121 and the sealing assembly 210 to a greater extent.

In an embodiment of the valve seat 100 of the present utility model, the second body structure 130 is a solid structure, and the second body structure 130 is configured as a solid structure, so that the cooling channel 150 can be formed in the circumferential direction of the second body structure 130, so that the effective area of the cooling channel 150 is larger, where the sidewall of the second body structure 130 of the solid structure is concave into the first groove 131, or the solid structure is further beneficial to controlling the cross-sectional area forming the cooling channel, or to properly reduce the wall thickness of the second body structure 130, so as to increase the flow area of the cooling channel 150.

As shown in fig. 8, in an embodiment of the valve seat 100 according to the present utility model, the third body structure 140 is provided with the third groove 142, and the third groove 142 is in communication with the first groove 131, so that the third body structure 140 may be cooled as a part of the cooling channel 150, and in particular, the second region 141 on the third body structure 140 may remove heat accumulated on the second region 141 and dissipate heat from the third body structure 140, so that the third groove 142 may extend in the third body structure 140 to a position close to the second region 141 to form cooling for the second region 141.

In an embodiment of the valve seat 100 of the present utility model, the first body structure 120, the second body structure 130, and the third body structure 140 are all solid of revolution, and the first body structure 120, the second body structure 130, and the third body structure 140 may be provided with cylindrical shapes, which are respectively a first cylindrical section, a second cylindrical section, and a third cylindrical section of the body structure 110, so that the body structure 110 and the mounting cavity 200 form a cooling channel 150, and the first cylindrical section, the second cylindrical section, and the third cylindrical section may be provided with a stepped shape.

Wherein, the external diameter of first cylindrical section is D1, the external diameter of second cylindrical section is D2, the external diameter of third cylindrical section is D3, D2 < D1 and D2 < D3, the external diameter of first cylindrical section and third cylindrical section is all greater than the external diameter of second cylindrical section to form cooling channel 150 between first cylindrical section and third cylindrical section, cooling channel 150 can cool off first cylindrical section and third cylindrical section simultaneously.

Wherein the outer diameter D1 of the first cylindrical section may also be set smaller than or equal to the outer diameter D3 of the third cylindrical section, which arrangement facilitates the assembly of the valve seat 100.

In an embodiment of the valve seat 100 according to the present utility model, the third body structure 140 of the valve seat 100 is connected with the installation cavity 200 in an interference fit manner, so that one end of the valve seat 100 is provided with the sealing structure as described above, and the other end of the valve seat 100 is provided with the interference fit with the installation cavity 200, and since the interference fit is located at a position near the outer side of the installation cavity 200, the valve seat 100 can be detached from the installation cavity 200 of the cylinder cover more conveniently.

In an embodiment of the valve seat 100 according to the present utility model, a gap is provided between the end 111 of the body structure 110, which is far from the second region 141, and the installation cavity 200, and the gap is used to prevent heat from being transferred from the installation cavity 200 to the valve seat 100, and since the gap is closer to the sealing structure, the gap is provided, so that heat can be reduced to be accumulated on the sealing structure, and a large amount of heat can be discharged as the gas passes through between the valve and the second region 141.

The utility model provides a cylinder cover assembly, which comprises a cylinder cover and a plurality of valve seats 100, wherein a plurality of mounting cavities 200 are arranged on the cylinder cover, one valve seat 100 is arranged in each mounting cavity 200, and a sealing assembly 210 is arranged in each mounting cavity 200, and the sealing assembly 210 is matched with a first area 121 of the valve seat 100 to seal cooling medium in a cooling channel 150, and meanwhile, the cooling medium in the cooling channel 150 can cool the sealing assembly 210 to prevent the sealing assembly 210 from losing efficacy at high temperature for a long time.

The seal assembly 210 includes a fourth groove 220 disposed in the mounting cavity 200, and a seal 230, such as an O-ring or a Y-ring, may be disposed in the fourth groove 220 to form a seal with the first region 121 of the valve seat 100.

A third aspect of the utility model also provides an engine comprising a cylinder head assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.

The present utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present utility model are intended to be included in the scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the utility model is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A cylinder head assembly, comprising:

the cylinder cover is provided with an installation cavity, and the inner side wall of the installation cavity is provided with a sealing component;

2. The cylinder head assembly of claim 1, wherein a wall thickness of the body structure is uniform in the first region.

3. The cylinder head assembly of claim 1, wherein the body structure is provided with a through cavity extending therethrough in an axial direction, the body structure being provided with a second region at one end of the through cavity for mating with an end of a valve;

4. The cylinder head assembly of claim 3, wherein the first body structure is provided with a second recess disposed opposite the first region, the second recess being in communication with the first recess.

5. The cylinder head assembly of claim 4, wherein the third body structure is provided with a third recess disposed opposite the second region, the third recess being in communication with the first recess.

6. The cylinder head assembly of any one of claims 3-5, wherein the first body structure, the second body structure, and the third body structure are each solid of revolution structures.

7. The cylinder head assembly of claim 6, wherein the third body structure is connected to the mounting cavity in an interference fit.

8. The cylinder head assembly of any one of claims 3-5, wherein a gap is provided between an end of the body structure remote from the second region and the mounting cavity.

9. An engine comprising the cylinder head assembly of any one of claims 1-8.

10. A vehicle characterized in that it has an engine according to claim 9.