CN219454637U - Converting furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a converting furnace. The converting furnace comprises a furnace hearth, a furnace wall and a furnace top, wherein the furnace hearth, the furnace wall and the furnace top are enclosed to form a molten pool, the furnace hearth comprises a second refractory layer, the second refractory layer is close to the molten pool, arch seats are arranged on two opposite outer sides of the second refractory layer in the width direction Y, each arch seat comprises an inclined wall which is obliquely arranged, a cavity is formed between the inclined wall and the furnace wall, the caliber size of the cavity is gradually decreased from top to bottom, and a first spring which horizontally extends towards the inclined wall is arranged on the furnace wall. According to the utility model, the arch seat is arranged on the outer side of the second refractory layer, and the cavity is formed between the arch seat and the furnace wall, so that a space is provided for the expansion of the second refractory layer, the expansion of the second refractory layer is effectively balanced, the expansion force is transmitted to the first spring and the furnace wall, and the deformation of the second refractory layer is reduced.

Description

Converting furnace

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy pyrometallurgy, in particular to a converting furnace.

Background

In the process of converting matte or nickel matte into blister copper or converting low nickel matte into high nickel matte, air or oxygen enrichment is required to be supplemented, and iron in the blister copper or the low nickel matte is removed.

At present, the technology mainly utilizes a converter to carry out converting, and the main problems brought by the operation of the converter are represented in the following aspects: in the operation process of the converter, hot melt, slag and metal are all added from a furnace mouth, so that the workload of the furnace mouth is increased, and the service life is not guaranteed; the mode of feeding, deslagging and metal discharge brings about discontinuous and unstable smoke and great difficulty in subsequent smoke treatment.

To solve the above problems, the respective charging ports of the converting furnace need to be separated, such as the converting equipment and the continuous copper smelting equipment disclosed in the prior patent publication No. CN215930528U, and in the technical scheme, the solvent charging port, the matte charging port, the anode scrap charging port, the blister copper discharging port, the converting slag discharging port and the like are separately designed, so that the workload of the furnace mouth can be reduced. However, the refractory materials on the hearth are directly adhered and fixed on the furnace wall, and the refractory materials expand after being heated and continuously squeeze the furnace wall, so that the deformation of the refractory materials is easy to cause and the thermal stability of the refractory materials is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide a converting furnace capable of effectively balancing expansion of refractory materials.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: the utility model provides a converting furnace includes the hearth, locates the peripheral furnace wall of hearth, and locates the furnace roof at hearth top, hearth, furnace wall and furnace roof enclose and form the molten bath, the hearth includes the second flame retardant coating, the second flame retardant coating is close to the molten bath setting, the second flame retardant coating is equipped with the hunch-up in width direction Y's relative two outsides, the hunch-up is including the inclined wall that the slope set up, form the cavity between inclined wall and the furnace wall, the bore size of cavity top-down gradually decreases, be equipped with on the furnace wall to the first spring of inclined wall horizontal extension.

In the scheme, the arch seat is arranged on the outer side of the second refractory layer, a cavity is formed between the arch seat and the furnace wall, the cavity provides space for expansion of the second refractory layer, expansion of the second refractory layer is effectively balanced, expansion force is transmitted to the first spring and the furnace wall, and deformation of the second refractory layer is reduced.

Preferably, the abutment further comprises a first wall bent from the bottom of the inclined wall, and the lower end of the first wall is connected with the furnace wall through a fixed pull rod.

A fixed pull rod is arranged on the bent first wall so as to better adapt the arch abutment to the expansion of the second refractory layer.

The second refractory layer expands to drive the arch abutment to displace, in order to guarantee stability of arch abutment displacement, the arch abutment still includes from the second wall of buckling in inclined wall top, the second wall is parallel and the extending direction is opposite with first wall, the bottom laminating of the partial structure of furnace wall being close to the molten bath is followed to the second wall.

Preferably, the inclined wall is provided with a stop block corresponding to the first spring position. The stop block can reduce the contact area between the inclined wall and the first spring when the second refractory layer expands, and the load transmission is facilitated.

In order to better bear the axial load transferred by the inclined wall, the first spring is a belleville spring.

Preferably, a first water jacket is arranged on the furnace top, is hung below the furnace top and is positioned in the molten pool, and a flux inlet for adding a first cold material into the molten pool is arranged on the first water jacket; a plurality of air-cooled air-collecting chambers are arranged below the outer part of the hearth, and a plurality of cooling air channels for blowing air to the bottom of the hearth are arranged in each air-cooled air-collecting chamber.

Preferably, the converting furnace further comprises a flue penetrating through the furnace top, a burner hole and a cleaning hole are formed in the upper end of the flue, and a vertically extending flue gas partition wall is arranged between the flue and the first water jacket.

Preferably, the heated side of the first water jacket is provided with a dovetail groove for hanging slag or embedding bricks.

Preferably, the furnace wall comprises a first refractory layer, a second water jacket, a steel frame and a boundary beam, wherein the first refractory layer is arranged on the periphery of one side of the second water jacket, the steel frame is arranged on the other side of the second water jacket, the boundary beam is arranged at intervals with the steel frame, a second spring elastically connected with the steel frame is arranged on the boundary beam, the furnace top is connected with the boundary beam, the first spring is arranged on the boundary beam, and a cavity is formed between the inclined wall and the boundary beam.

Compared with the related art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that: and an arch seat is arranged on the outer side of the second refractory layer, a cavity is formed between the arch seat and the furnace wall, the cavity provides space for the expansion of the second refractory layer, the expansion of the second refractory layer is effectively balanced, the expansion force is transmitted to the first spring and the furnace wall, and the deformation of the second refractory layer is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an internal structure of a converting furnace according to a first view angle;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a converting furnace according to a second view angle provided by the present utility model;

fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at a in fig. 2.

In the accompanying drawings: 1. a cooling air duct; 2. a liquid melt inlet; 3. an observation hole; 4. a first water jacket; 5. a spray gun; 6. a slag discharging port; 7. a metal port; 8. a second refractory layer; 9. a flue gas partition wall; 10. a flue; 11. a burner hole; 12. edge beams; 13. fixing the pull rod; 14. a first spring; 15. an arch base; 151. a first wall; 152. an inclined wall; 153. a second wall; 16. a second spring; 18. a boom; 19. an air-cooled plenum; 20. cleaning the hole; 21. a hearth; 22. a furnace wall; 23. a furnace roof; 24. a molten pool; 25. a first refractory layer; 26. a second water jacket; 27. a steel frame; 28. a bottom beam; 29. a stop block; 30. a cavity.

Detailed Description

The utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present utility model and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are used hereinafter to denote only the directions corresponding to the upper, lower, left, and right directions of the drawings, and do not limit the structure.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the converting furnace provided in this embodiment includes a hearth 21, a wall 22 provided around the hearth 21, a furnace roof 23 provided on the top of the hearth 21, and a flue 10. The hearth 21, the furnace wall 22 and the furnace roof 23 enclose a molten bath 24. The cross section of the converting furnace body is rectangular, circular or racetrack, and the width or radius of the furnace is 5m-8m. The converting furnace has a length direction X and a width direction Y.

The hearth 21 comprises a bottom beam 28, a second refractory layer 8 and an arch abutment 15, wherein the lower end surface of the bottom beam 28 is a plane, the bottom beam is connected with a converting furnace mounting base, the upper end surface of the bottom beam is a concave surface, and the second refractory layer 8 is arranged on the concave surface.

The second refractory layer 8 is provided with abutments 15 on opposite outer sides in the width direction Y. The abutment 15 includes a first wall 151, an inclined wall 152 and a second wall 153. The first wall 151 and the second wall 153 extend horizontally at both ends of the inclined wall 152 such that the cross section of the abutment 15 forms a zigzag shape.

The furnace wall 22 includes a first refractory layer 25, a second water jacket 26, a steel frame 27, and side rails 12. The side beams 12 are located outermost, extend downwardly to connect with the bottom beams 28 and extend upwardly to connect with the roof 23. The furnace roof 23 is also designed as a beam structure. The second water jacket 26 is arranged on the periphery of one side, close to the molten pool 24, of the first refractory layer 25, and the steel frame 27 is arranged on the other side. The side beam 12 is spaced from the steel frame 27, and a second spring 16 elastically connected to the steel frame 27 is provided on the side beam 12. The second springs 16 are arranged in two in the same height direction, and a plurality of groups are arranged on the furnace wall 22. The second spring 16 is effective to overcome the expansion of the first refractory layer 25, the second water jacket 26 and the steel frame 27 disposed therein. The second water jacket 26 is a flat plate type water jacket, and can effectively protect the refractory material of the first refractory layer 25.

As shown in fig. 3, the lower end of the steel frame 27 extends to the position of the abutment 15, a cavity 30 is formed between the inclined wall 152 of the abutment 15 and the steel frame 27, and the caliber size of the cavity 30 gradually decreases from top to bottom. The second wall 153 is attached to the lower end surface of the second water jacket 26, and the lower end of the first wall 151 is connected to the side beam 12 through the fixing tie rod 13. The fixed pull rod 13 is provided with a plurality of fixed pull rods at the bottom of the arch seat 15. The fixed pull rod 13 is hinged with the side beam 12 through bolts or pins.

The side of the cavity 30 may be provided with a rib plate for enclosing the cavity 30, so as to form a water channel, which not only has a cooling effect, but also does not affect the expansion of the second refractory layer.

The side beam 12 is provided with a first spring 14 extending horizontally. The first spring 14 is a butterfly spring, a stop block 29 corresponding to the position of the first spring 14 is arranged on the inclined wall 152 of the arch seat 15, and the stop block 29 is spaced from the first spring 14. The zigzag abutment 15 is effective to balance the expansion of the hearth 21 and to transmit the expansion force to the first springs 14 and the side beams 12.

A plurality of air-cooled air-collecting chambers 19 are arranged below the outer part of the hearth 21, and a plurality of cooling air channels 1 for blowing air to the bottom of the hearth 21 are arranged in each air-cooled air-collecting chamber 19. The cooling duct 1 of the multiple channels protects the refractory material at the bottom of the hearth 21 while preventing blister copper or nickel matte from extending into the refractory material.

The first water jacket 4 is suspended below the furnace roof 23 by a suspension rod 18, and a dovetail groove is arranged on the heated side of the first water jacket 4 and used for hanging slag or embedding bricks. A steel frame is provided on the non-heated side of the first water jacket 4 for fasteners between the water jackets and as a connection to the boom 18.

The first water jacket 4 is provided with a flux inlet for adding a first cold charge into the molten pool 24. The furnace wall 22 is provided with a metal port 7 communicated with the molten pool 24, a plurality of slag tap holes 6 and a liquid melt inlet 2 for adding a second cold material into the molten pool 24. The liquid solution inlet 2 is arranged at one end of the converting furnace in the length direction X, the metal opening 7 is arranged at the other end of the converting furnace in the length direction X, and the metal opening 7 is arranged near the lower end of the furnace wall 22. The liquid melt inlet 2 is arranged on the upper side of the metal opening 7. The slag tap 6 is located between the liquid melt inlet 2 and the metal tap 7.

The furnace top 23 is provided with a plurality of spray guns 5 extending into the molten pool 24, the plurality of spray guns 5 can simultaneously spray coal gas, pulverized coal and oxygen enriched air, the structure is a multi-layer sleeve or single-tube structure, and the diameter of the outer layer is between phi 50 and phi 100. The spray gun 5 realizes the function of top blowing and spraying, so that the sprayed pulverized coal, oxygen-enriched air or air rotates, and the functions of combustion, smelting and converting in the smelting process can be realized in the intra-furnace time-division mode. The spray gun plays an important role in maintaining the heat balance of the kiln.

The furnace wall 22 is also provided with an observation hole 3 for observing the working state of the spray gun 5.

The flue 10 extends through the furnace roof 23 on one side of the furnace roof 23 and communicates with the melt pool 24. The flue 10 is made of a heat-resistant steel plate and slag nails, a water channel surrounded by channel steel is arranged on the outer side of the heat-resistant steel plate, and the inner side of the heat-resistant steel plate is fixed through the slag nails. The overall shape of the flue 10 is rectangular or circular. The upper end of the flue 10 is provided with a burner hole 11 and a cleaning hole 20. The smoke inlet and the smoke outlet of the flue 10 are both provided with thermocouple temperature measuring devices. A vertically extending flue gas partition wall 9 is arranged between the flue 10 and the first water jacket 4. The flue gas partition wall 9 comprises a pure copper water jacket, a dovetail groove is formed in a heating surface of the pure copper water jacket, bricks are embedded in the dovetail groove, water cooling hanging slag is arranged on the dovetail groove, the blocking effect of flue gas and smoke dust is achieved, and backflow from a flue inlet of the flue 10 is avoided.

The working method of the converting furnace comprises the following steps: the first cold charge enters the furnace through a flux inlet provided on the furnace roof 23, and the second cold charge enters the furnace through a liquid melt inlet 2 provided on the side of the furnace wall 22; starting a spray gun 5, and carrying out oxidation desulfurization reaction or slag forming reaction or copper making reaction on materials, oxygen-enriched fuel in the furnace to form slag and metal, wherein the slag is discharged at the side part of the furnace wall through a slag discharging port 6, and the metal is discharged at the lower end close to the furnace wall 22 through a metal port 7; excess heat at the bottom of the hearth 21 is carried away by the cooling air duct 1.

Example 1

Liquid matte from side-blown, bottom-blown, austempered, flash, etc. furnaces enters the converting furnace through liquid melt inlet 2, lance 5 above bath 24 blows corresponding oxygen according to the amount of liquid matte, wherein the oxygen-enriched concentration is adjusted according to furnace conditions and heat balance. The temperature in the molten pool 24 is maintained at about 1200-1300 ℃, the height of the melt is controlled between 1100-1200 mm, the height of the blister copper is controlled between 800-1000 mm, the blister copper is discharged 3 times per day by the converting furnace, and the slag is discharged 1 time.

The copper content of the crude copper can reach more than 98%, the sulfur content is reduced to below 0.05%, and the iron content is reduced to below 0.02%. The blister copper is discharged through a metal port 7 and fed into an anode furnace or a disc casting machine. Slag enters a water quenching system or a slag casting machine through a slag discharging port 6, redundant heat of the furnace bottom is taken away by a cooling air duct 1 at the bottom of a hearth 21, and the temperature between a working layer and a secondary working layer of the hearth 21 is kept below 900 ℃.

The cold charge or flux is added to the flux inlet of the first water jacket 4 at the furnace roof 23, the spray gun 5 works in the upper and lower range of the melt interface, and the operation condition of the spray gun 5 is observed through the observation hole 3.

The flue gas is discharged into the flue 10 through the flue opening (flue inlet), and the flue gas and smoke dust are prevented from flowing back through the flue gas partition wall 9 arranged beside the flue opening. And finally, enabling the flue gas to enter a waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery, and finally sending the flue gas to be treated after dust collection.

Pulverized coal/natural gas reduction tuyeres can be arranged on the furnace wall 22 to realize purification of crude copper and reach copper content of more than 99 percent.

Cold matte or scrap copper may be added to the melt pool 24 through a flux inlet located in the first water jacket 4 to effect melting and blowing of the cold charge.

Example two

Liquid low nickel matte from side-blown, bottom-blown, austempered, flash, etc. smelting furnaces enters the converting furnace through liquid melt inlet 2, lance 5 above bath 24 blows corresponding oxygen according to the amount of liquid low nickel matte, wherein the oxygen enrichment concentration is adjusted according to furnace conditions and heat balance. The temperature in the molten pool 24 is maintained at about 1200-1300 ℃, the height of the melt is controlled between 1100-1200 mm, the height of the high nickel matte is controlled between 800-1000 mm, the high nickel matte is discharged for 3 times each day in the converting furnace, and the slag is discharged for 1 time. The nickel content of the high nickel matte can reach more than 75 percent. The high nickel matte is discharged through a metal port 7 and recycled by a water quenching system.

Slag enters a water quenching system or a slag ladle through a slag discharging port 6 and returns to the smelting system. The cooling air duct 1 at the bottom of the hearth 21 takes away the redundant heat of the furnace bottom, and the temperature between the working layer and the secondary working layer of the hearth 21 is kept below 900 ℃. The cold charge or flux is added to the flux inlet of the first water jacket 4 at the furnace roof 23, the spray gun 5 works in the upper and lower range of the melt interface, and the operation condition of the spray gun 5 is observed through the observation hole 3.

The flue gas is discharged into the rising flue 10 through the flue opening, and finally the flue gas enters the waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery, and is finally sent to the flue gas for treatment after dust collection.

The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a converting furnace, includes the hearth, locates the peripheral furnace wall of hearth, and locates the furnace roof at hearth top, hearth, furnace wall and furnace roof enclose and form the molten bath, its characterized in that, the hearth includes the second flame retardant coating, the second flame retardant coating is close to the molten bath setting, the second flame retardant coating is equipped with the hunch-up in width direction Y's relative two outsides, the hunch-up includes the inclined wall that the slope set up, form the cavity between inclined wall and the furnace wall, the bore size of cavity top-down gradually reduces, be equipped with on the furnace wall to the first spring of inclined wall horizontal extension.

2. The converting furnace of claim 1, wherein the abutment further comprises a first wall bent from the bottom of the inclined wall, the lower end of the first wall being connected to the furnace wall by a fixed tie rod.

3. The converting furnace of claim 2, wherein the abutment further comprises a second wall bent from the top of the sloped wall, the second wall being parallel to and extending in opposite directions from the first wall, the second wall conforming to the bottom of the portion of the furnace wall proximate the molten bath.

4. The converting furnace of claim 1, wherein the inclined wall is provided with a stop corresponding to the first spring position.

5. The converting furnace of claim 1, wherein the first spring is a belleville spring.

6. The converting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace roof is provided with a first water jacket suspended below the furnace roof and located in the molten bath, the first water jacket being provided with a flux inlet for adding a first cold charge into the molten bath; a plurality of air-cooled air-collecting chambers are arranged below the outer part of the hearth, and a plurality of cooling air channels for blowing air to the bottom of the hearth are arranged in each air-cooled air-collecting chamber.

7. The converting furnace of claim 6, further comprising a flue penetrating the furnace roof, wherein a burner hole and a cleaning hole are provided at an upper end of the flue, and wherein a vertically extending flue gas partition wall is provided between the flue and the first water jacket.

8. The converting furnace of claim 6, wherein the heated side of the first water jacket is provided with a dovetail groove for hanging slag or embedding bricks.

9. The converting furnace of claim 1, wherein the furnace wall comprises a first refractory layer, a second water jacket, a steel frame and a boundary beam, wherein the first refractory layer is arranged on the periphery of one side of the second water jacket, the steel frame is arranged on the other side of the second water jacket, the boundary beam is arranged at intervals with the steel frame, a second spring elastically connected with the steel frame is arranged on the boundary beam, the furnace roof is connected with the boundary beam, the first spring is arranged on the boundary beam, and the cavity is formed between the inclined wall and the boundary beam.