CN219096917U

CN219096917U - Transmission structure

Info

Publication number: CN219096917U
Application number: CN202320160164.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 练务炎
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2023-02-08
Filing date: 2023-02-08
Publication date: 2023-05-30
Anticipated expiration: 2033-02-08

Abstract

The utility model discloses a transmission structure, which comprises a first disk, a second disk, a gear transmission mechanism, a first unidirectional transmission part, a second unidirectional transmission part and an input shaft, wherein the gear transmission mechanism comprises a sun wheel and a planet wheel which are arranged on the inner side surface of the first disk, the sun wheel is arranged at the center of the first disk, the planet wheel is rotatably arranged on the first disk and meshed with the sun wheel, an annular fluted disc meshed with the planet wheel is arranged on the inner side surface of the second disk, and the first disk, the second disk and the annular fluted disc can be jointly enclosed to form a containing cavity capable of containing the gear transmission mechanism. The planetary gear transmission mechanism is arranged on the transmission structure, so that the structure is compact, the transmission ratio of the transmission structure can be effectively improved, and the transmission efficiency is further improved. The transmission structure is divided into a single-shaft input type and a double-shaft output type, can be applied to devices such as bicycles, spinning, body-building riding bicycles and the like, has a wide application range, and can meet specific use requirements.

Description

Transmission structure

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of transmission mechanical equipment, in particular to a transmission structure.

Background

A bicycle is a common riding device, and the basic structure of the currently mainstream bicycle generally consists of a body part, a transmission part, a movement part and a safety device, wherein the body part comprises a frame. The front brake, the handle bar, the saddle and the front fork assembly are the main body of the bicycle. The transmission part comprises pedals, a crank, a chain wheel, a chain, a middle shaft, a flywheel and the like. The running part, i.e. the front and rear wheels, comprises front and rear axle parts, spokes, rims, tires, etc. The safety device comprises a brake, a car lamp, a bicycle bell and the like.

The transmission part is an important component part of the bicycle, and aims to transmit power, and the flywheel is driven to rotate through the chain wheel so as to drive the rear wheel to rotate, so that the bicycle is driven to move forwards.

The transmission part of the existing bicycle only has one-stage transmission, the speed ratio is small, the speed is low, the riding speed is fast, the potential of muscles of a human body can be only exerted, the pedaling frequency is increased, the labor intensity of a person is necessarily increased, and the fatigue of the human body is caused; in addition, the existing transmission part can only realize unidirectional power input or power output generally, and has poor applicability.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present utility model is to provide a transmission structure which solves at least one of the above mentioned problems.

According to one aspect of the utility model, there is provided a transmission structure comprising a first disc, a second disc, a gear transmission mechanism, a first unidirectional transmission member, a second unidirectional transmission member and an input shaft, wherein the gear transmission mechanism comprises a sun wheel and a planet wheel which are arranged on the inner side surface of the first disc, the sun wheel is arranged at the center of the first disc, the planet wheel is rotatably arranged on the first disc and meshed with the sun wheel, an annular fluted disc meshed with the planet wheel is arranged on the inner side surface of the second disc, the first disc, the second disc and the annular fluted disc can be jointly enclosed to form a containing cavity capable of containing the gear transmission mechanism, the first unidirectional transmission member is fixedly sleeved on the sun wheel, the second unidirectional transmission member is fixedly sleeved on the second disc, the first unidirectional transmission member and the second unidirectional transmission member are oppositely arranged, and the input shaft penetrates through the first unidirectional transmission member and the second unidirectional transmission member;

the first unidirectional transmission member can drive the sun wheel to rotate when rotating along one direction, and can not drive the sun wheel to rotate when rotating along the other direction;

the second unidirectional transmission piece can drive the second disc piece to rotate when rotating along one direction, but can not drive the second disc piece to rotate when rotating along the other direction.

Therefore, the utility model provides a transmission structure with a brand new structure, which is provided with the planetary gear transmission mechanism, and the planetary gear transmission mechanism has the advantages of compact structure, small mass, small volume and large transmission ratio, can effectively improve the transmission ratio of the transmission structure, and further improves the transmission efficiency. More importantly, the transmission structure is a single-shaft input structure, power is input through the same input shaft, and the second disc member is driven to rotate in the same direction no matter the input shaft rotates clockwise or anticlockwise, namely, the power output direction is the same direction, so that the transmission structure can be applied to devices such as bicycles, spinning bicycles and body-building riding bicycles, has a wide application range and can meet specific use requirements.

In some embodiments, the first unidirectional transmission member includes a first ratchet wheel, a first pawl and a first roller, the first ratchet wheel is rotatably sleeved on the periphery of the first roller and fixedly connected with the sun wheel on the outer side, and the first pawl is movably mounted on the first roller and matched with the first ratchet wheel.

In some embodiments, the second unidirectional transmission member includes a second ratchet wheel, a second pawl and a second roller, the second ratchet wheel is rotatably sleeved on the periphery of the second roller and fixedly connected with the second disc member on the outer side, and the second pawl is movably mounted on the second roller and matched with the second ratchet wheel.

In some embodiments, the annular fluted disc is double-layered, and the annular fluted disc positioned on the upper layer is meshed with the planet wheel.

In some embodiments, the number of planets is three. Therefore, the sun wheel can be effectively limited, and the stability is good.

In some embodiments, the first disk member has a first mounting hole formed in a center thereof, and the first unidirectional transmission member is sleeved in the first mounting hole.

In some embodiments, a second mounting hole is formed in the center of the second disc, and the second unidirectional transmission member is sleeved in the second mounting hole.

According to another aspect of the present utility model there is provided a transmission structure comprising a first disc, a second disc, a gear drive, a first output shaft and a second output shaft, the gear drive comprising a sun wheel and planet wheels arranged on the inner side of the first disc, the sun wheel being mounted in the centre of the first disc, the planet wheels being rotatably mounted on the first disc and engaging with the sun wheel, the inner side of the second disc being provided with an annular toothed disc engaging with the planet wheels, the first disc, the second disc and the annular toothed disc being co-operable to form a receiving chamber for receiving the gear drive, the first output shaft being fixedly mounted on the sun wheel, the second output shaft being fixedly mounted on the second disc.

Therefore, the utility model provides a transmission structure with another design mode, the transmission structure is in a double-shaft design, the power input end is a second disc-shaped part, and the second disc-shaped part can drive the first output shaft and the second output shaft to rotate in the same rotation direction, namely the bidirectional output is realized no matter the second disc-shaped part rotates clockwise or anticlockwise. The structure can be applied to devices such as bicycles, spinning, body-building riding bicycles and the like according to actual needs.

In some embodiments, the second disc is a circular fluted disc. Therefore, the chain can be matched to realize power input or power output.

In some embodiments, the first disk is a circular disk having a diameter greater than the outer diameter of the annular toothed disk and less than the outer diameter of the second disk, and a groove is formed between the first disk, the second disk, and the annular toothed disk that can house the drive belt.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

the utility model provides a transmission structure with a brand new structure, which is provided with a planetary gear transmission mechanism, wherein the planetary gear transmission mechanism has compact structure, small mass, small volume and large transmission ratio, the transmission ratio of the transmission structure can be effectively improved, and the transmission efficiency is further improved.

More importantly, the transmission structure is divided into a single-shaft input structure or a double-shaft output structure:

the single-shaft input structure inputs power through the same input shaft, and the second disc member is driven to rotate along the same direction no matter the input shaft rotates clockwise or anticlockwise, namely the power output direction is the same direction.

The power input end of the double-shaft output structure is a second disc-shaped member, and the second disc-shaped member can drive the first output shaft and the second output shaft to rotate in the same rotation direction, namely bidirectional output is realized no matter the second disc-shaped member rotates clockwise or anticlockwise.

The transmission structure of the utility model can be applied to devices such as bicycles, spinning, body-building riding bicycles and the like, has wide application range and can meet specific use requirements.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a transmission structure of an embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a second perspective view of the transmission structure of the embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partially exploded view of the transmission structure shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partially exploded construction of the transmission shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic semi-sectional view of the transmission structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is one of the schematic diagrams of the first disc of the transmission structure of FIG. 4 in a top view;

FIG. 7 is one of the schematic diagrams of the second disc of the transmission structure of FIG. 3 in a top view;

FIG. 8 is a second schematic diagram of a second disc of the transmission structure of FIG. 3 in a top view;

FIG. 9 is a second schematic diagram of the first disk of the transmission structure of FIG. 4 in a top view;

FIG. 10 is one of the schematic views of the partially exploded construction of the transmission structure of embodiment 2 of the present utility model;

FIG. 11 is a second schematic diagram of a partially exploded structure of the transmission structure of embodiment 2 of the present utility model;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a second disc of the transmission structure of FIG. 11 in a top view;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the first disc of the transmission structure of fig. 11 in a top view.

Reference numerals in fig. 1 to 13: 1-a first disc; 2-a second disc; 3-gear transmission mechanism; 4-a first unidirectional transmission member; 5-a second unidirectional transmission member; 6-an input shaft; 7-an annular fluted disc; 8-a first output shaft; 9-a second output shaft; 10-a receiving cavity; 11-a first mounting hole; 20-grooves; 21-a second mounting hole; 31-sun; 32-planet wheels; 33-fixing frame; 41-a first ratchet; 42-a first pawl; 43-first roller; 51-second ratchet wheel, 52-second pawl; 53-second roller.

Detailed Description

The utility model will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.

Example 1

Figures 1-9 schematically illustrate a transmission structure according to one embodiment of the utility model.

As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the transmission structure comprises a first disc member 1, a second disc member 2, a gear transmission mechanism 3, a first unidirectional transmission member 4, a second unidirectional transmission member 5 and an input shaft 6, wherein the gear transmission mechanism 3 comprises a sun wheel 31 and a planet wheel 32 which are arranged on the inner side surface of the first disc member 1, the sun wheel 31 is arranged at the center of the first disc member 1, the planet wheel 32 is rotatably arranged on the first disc member 1 and meshed with the sun wheel 31, an annular fluted disc 7 meshed with the planet wheel 32 is arranged on the inner side surface of the second disc member 2, and the annular fluted disc 7 is fixedly arranged on the second disc member 2 in a welding or fastening mode and the like. The first disc member 1, the second disc member 2 and the annular fluted disc 7 can jointly enclose to form a containing cavity 10 capable of containing the gear transmission mechanism 3, and the depth of the containing cavity 10 is equal to the thickness of the annular fluted disc 7. The first unidirectional transmission member 4 is fixedly sleeved on the sun wheel 31, the second unidirectional transmission member 5 is fixedly sleeved on the second disc-shaped member 2, the first unidirectional transmission member 4 and the second unidirectional transmission member 5 are oppositely arranged, and the input shaft 6 penetrates through the first unidirectional transmission member 4 and the second unidirectional transmission member 5;

the first unidirectional transmission member 4 can drive the sun 31 to rotate when rotating along one direction, but can not drive the sun 31 to rotate when rotating along the other direction;

the second unidirectional transmission member 5 can drive the second disc member 2 to rotate when rotating in one direction, but cannot drive the second disc member 2 to rotate when rotating in the other direction.

Specifically, the first unidirectional driving member 4 includes a first ratchet wheel 41, a first pawl 42 and a first roller 43, where the first ratchet wheel 41 is rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the first roller 43 and fixedly connected with the sun wheel 31 by welding or fastening, the first pawl 42 is movably installed on the first roller 43 and matched with the first ratchet wheel 41, a ball is disposed between the first roller 43 and the first ratchet wheel 41, and the first pawl 42 can limit the first ratchet wheel 41.

The second unidirectional transmission piece 5 comprises a second ratchet wheel 51, a second pawl 52 and a second roller 53, the second ratchet wheel 51 is rotatably sleeved on the periphery of the second roller 53, the outer side of the second ratchet wheel 51 is fixedly connected with the second disc-shaped piece 2 in a welding or fastening mode, the second pawl 52 is movably arranged on the second roller 53 and matched with the second ratchet wheel 51, a ball is arranged between the second roller 53 and the second ratchet wheel 51, and the second pawl 52 can limit the second ratchet wheel 51.

The annular fluted disc 7 is double-layered, and the annular fluted disc 7 positioned at the upper layer is meshed with the planet wheel 32.

The sun 31 is a double-layer toothed disc stack, preferably having the same thickness as the depth of the receiving cavity 10.

The number of the planetary gears 32 of the present embodiment is at least one, and preferably, the number of the planetary gears 32 is three. Therefore, the sun 31 can be effectively limited, and the stability is good.

The gear transmission mechanism 3 of the present embodiment further includes a fixing frame 33 for fixing the planetary gear 32, where the fixing frame 33 is mounted on the outer side surface of the first disc member 1 and is correspondingly located on the back surface of the planetary gear 32, and the fixing frame 33 and the planetary gear 32 are connected through a rotating shaft, a rivet, a pin shaft, or the like.

The center of the first disc member 1 is provided with a first mounting hole 11, and the first unidirectional transmission member 4 may be detachably sleeved in the first mounting hole 11 or fixedly sleeved in the first mounting hole 11. The preferred detachable suit of this embodiment. The first unidirectional transmission member 4 and the sun 31 are integrally formed, and are convenient to disassemble and assemble. One of the longitudinal end faces of the first unidirectional transmission member 4 is flush with the end face of the sun 31 adjacent to the second disc 2, and the other end face of the first unidirectional transmission member 4 extends beyond the other end face of the first disc 1 (i.e. protrudes relative to the outer end face of the first disc 1).

The center of the second disc member 2 is provided with a second mounting hole 21, and the second unidirectional transmission member 5 can be sleeved in the second mounting hole 21 in a detachable mode or a fixed mode. The embodiment is sleeved in a fixed mode. The second unidirectional transmission 5 is formed integrally with the second disc 2. One end surface of the second unidirectional transmission member 5 in the length direction is flush with one end surface of the second disc member 2 close to the first disc member 1, and the other end surface of the second unidirectional transmission member 5 extends out of the other end surface of the second disc member 2 (i.e. protrudes relative to the outer end surface of the second disc member 2)

The second disc 2 is a circular toothed disc. Therefore, the chain can be matched to realize power input or power output.

The first disc 1 is a circular disc, the diameter of the first disc 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the annular fluted disc 7 and smaller than the outer diameter of the second disc 2, and a groove 20 capable of sleeving a driving belt is formed among the first disc 1, the second disc 2 and the annular fluted disc 7.

Preferably, the number of teeth on the outer periphery of the second disc member in this embodiment is 45, the number of teeth on the ring gear is 45, the number of teeth on the sun gear is 21, and the number of teeth on the planet gear is 12.

The transmission structure of the utility model has the following specific principle:

as shown in fig. 6-7, the first disc 1 and the second disc 2 are connected (i.e. coaxial) by the same input shaft 6:

when the input shaft 6 rotates anticlockwise, the input shaft drives the first unidirectional transmission piece 4 on the first disc-shaped piece 1 to rotate anticlockwise, and the second unidirectional transmission piece 5 on the second disc-shaped piece 2 idles at the moment; the first unidirectional transmission member 4 rotates to drive the sun wheel 31 to rotate anticlockwise, the sun wheel 31 drives all the planet wheels 32 to rotate clockwise, and the second disc member 2 is driven to rotate anticlockwise through the annular fluted disc 7.

As shown in fig. 8-9, when the input shaft 6 rotates clockwise, it drives the second unidirectional transmission 5 on the second disc 2 to rotate counterclockwise, while the first unidirectional transmission 4 on the first disc 1 idles at this time; the second unidirectional transmission member 5 drives the second disc member 2 to rotate anticlockwise, and then drives all the planetary gears 32 to rotate clockwise through the annular fluted disc 7, and the sun gear 31 drives the second ratchet wheel 51 of the second unidirectional transmission member 5 to rotate anticlockwise relative to the second roller 53 inside.

In summary, in the coaxial state, the second disc member 2 is driven to rotate in the same direction, i.e. the power output direction is the same direction, regardless of whether the input shaft 6 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise.

The utility model provides a transmission structure with a brand new structure, which is provided with a planetary gear transmission mechanism 3, wherein the planetary gear transmission mechanism 3 has compact structure, small mass, small volume and large transmission ratio, the transmission ratio of the transmission structure can be effectively improved, and the transmission efficiency is further improved. More importantly, the transmission structure is a single-shaft input structure, power is input through the same input shaft 6, and the second disc-shaped member 2 is driven to rotate in the same direction no matter the input shaft 6 rotates clockwise or anticlockwise, namely, the power output direction is the same direction, so that the transmission structure can be applied to devices such as bicycles, spinning bicycles and body-building riding bicycles, has a wide application range and can meet specific use requirements.

Example 2

Fig. 10-13 schematically show a transmission structure according to another embodiment of the utility model.

As shown in fig. 10 to 13, the transmission structure comprises a first disc 1, a second disc 2, a gear transmission mechanism 3, a first output shaft 8 and a second output shaft 9, wherein the gear transmission mechanism 3 comprises a sun wheel 31 and a planet wheel 32 which are arranged on the inner side surface of the first disc 1, the sun wheel 31 is arranged at the center of the first disc 1, the planet wheel 32 is rotatably arranged on the first disc 1 and meshed with the sun wheel 31, an annular fluted disc 7 meshed with the planet wheel 32 is arranged on the inner side surface of the second disc 2, the first disc 1, the second disc 2 and the annular fluted disc 7 can jointly enclose to form a containing cavity 10 capable of containing the gear transmission mechanism 3, the first output shaft 8 is fixedly arranged on the sun wheel 31, and the second output shaft 9 is fixedly arranged on the second disc 2.

The transmission structure of this embodiment is the biggest difference with respect to the transmission structure of embodiment 1 in that the first unidirectional transmission member 4 and the second unidirectional transmission member 5 are omitted, while a double output shaft is provided.

when the first disk member 1 and the second disk member 2 are connected to different output shafts (i.e., biaxial state):

as shown in fig. 12-13, when the second disc 2 is driven by a chain or a belt, the second disc 2 drives the second output shaft 9 to rotate clockwise, and the annular inner teeth on the second disc 2 drive all the planetary gears 32 on the first disc 1 to rotate clockwise, so as to drive the sun 31 to rotate counterclockwise, and further drive the first output shaft 8 to rotate counterclockwise.

Similarly, when the second disc 2 rotates anticlockwise, it drives the second output shaft 9 to rotate anticlockwise, and at the same time, the annular internal teeth on the second disc 2 drive all the planets 32 on the first disc 1 to rotate anticlockwise, drive the sun 31 to rotate clockwise, and then drive the first output shaft 8 to rotate clockwise.

In summary, in the dual-shaft state, the second disc 2 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, and finally drives the first output shaft 8 and the second output shaft 9 to rotate in different directions, so as to realize bidirectional output.

In particular application, the above embodiment 1 can be applied to a chinese utility model patent with application number 202211325007.1 and patent name as a riding type body-building exercise device, and the transmission structure replaces the driving component in the patent, so as to achieve the following effects: the drive force for rotating the rear wheels can be generated regardless of whether the user is stepping on the pedal or stepping on the pedal reversely.

The utility model provides a transmission structure with a brand new structure, which is provided with a planetary gear transmission mechanism 3, wherein the planetary gear transmission mechanism 3 has compact structure, small mass, small volume and large transmission ratio, the transmission ratio of the transmission structure can be effectively improved, and the transmission efficiency is further improved.

the single-shaft input structure inputs power through the same input shaft 6, and the input shaft 6 rotates clockwise or anticlockwise, and finally drives the second disc member 2 to rotate along the same direction, namely the power output direction is the same direction.

In the double-shaft output structure, the power input end is the second disc-shaped part 2, and the second disc-shaped part 2 rotates clockwise or anticlockwise and finally drives the first output shaft 8 and the second output shaft 9 to rotate, and the rotation directions of the first output shaft and the second output shaft are inconsistent, namely bidirectional output is realized.

The transmission structure of the utility model can be applied to bicycles, water bicycles, pedal boats, electric bicycles, scooters and body-building spinning, and is not listed here. Any of the above machines adopts the transmission mechanism in the utility model, and falls into the protection scope of the utility model.

What has been described above is merely some embodiments of the present utility model. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the utility model.

Claims

1. The transmission structure is characterized by comprising a first disc (1), a second disc (2), a gear transmission mechanism (3), a first unidirectional transmission member (4), a second unidirectional transmission member (5) and an input shaft (6), wherein the gear transmission mechanism (3) comprises a sun wheel (31) and a planet wheel (32) which are arranged on the inner side surface of the first disc (1), the sun wheel (31) is rotatably arranged on the first disc (1), the planet wheel (32) is rotatably arranged on the first disc (1) and meshed with the sun wheel (31), an annular fluted disc (7) meshed with the planet wheel (32) is arranged on the inner side surface of the second disc (2), the first disc (1), the second disc (2) and the annular fluted disc (7) are jointly enclosed to form a containing cavity (10) capable of containing the gear transmission mechanism (3), the first unidirectional transmission member (4) is fixedly sleeved on the sun wheel (31), the second unidirectional transmission member (5) is reversely arranged on the second disc (2) opposite to the first unidirectional transmission member (4), the input shaft (6) penetrates through the first unidirectional transmission part (4) and the second unidirectional transmission part (5);

the first unidirectional transmission part (4) can drive the sun wheel (31) to rotate when rotating along one direction, and can not drive the sun wheel (31) to rotate when rotating along the other direction;

the second unidirectional transmission piece (5) can drive the second disc-shaped piece (2) to rotate when rotating along one direction, and can not drive the second disc-shaped piece (2) to rotate when rotating along the other direction.

2. The transmission structure according to claim 1, wherein the first unidirectional transmission member (4) includes a first ratchet wheel (41), a first pawl (42) and a first roller (43), the first ratchet wheel (41) is rotatably sleeved on the periphery of the first roller (43) and fixedly connected with the sun wheel (31) on the outer side, and the first pawl (42) is movably mounted on the first roller (43) and is matched with the first ratchet wheel (41).

3. The transmission structure according to claim 1, wherein the second unidirectional transmission member (5) comprises a second ratchet wheel (51), a second pawl (52) and a second roller (53), the second ratchet wheel (51) is rotatably sleeved on the periphery of the second roller (53) and fixedly connected with the second disc member (2) on the outer side, and the second pawl (52) is movably mounted on the second roller (53) and is matched with the second ratchet wheel (51).

4. The transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular toothed disc (7) is double-layered, the annular toothed disc (7) located in the upper layer being in engagement with the planet wheels (32).

5. The transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of planetary wheels (32) is three.

6. The transmission structure according to claim 1, wherein a first mounting hole (11) is formed in the center of the first disc (1), and the first unidirectional transmission member (4) is sleeved in the first mounting hole (11).

7. The transmission structure according to claim 1, wherein a second mounting hole (21) is formed in the center of the second disc (2), and the second unidirectional transmission member (5) is sleeved in the second mounting hole (21).

8. The transmission structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the second disc (2) is a circular toothed disc.

9. The utility model provides a transmission structure, its characterized in that includes first disk (1), second disk (2), gear drive (3), first output shaft (8) and second output shaft (9), gear drive (3) including set up in sun (31) and planet wheel (32) of first disk (1) medial surface, sun (31) rotationally install in first disk (1), planet wheel (32) rotationally install in first disk (1) and with sun (31) mesh, the medial surface of second disk (2) be provided with ring fluted disc (7) that mesh with planet wheel (32), first disk (1), second disk (2), ring fluted disc (7) can enclose jointly and form one and can hold holding chamber (10) of gear drive (3), first output shaft (8) fixed mounting in sun (31), second output shaft (9) fixed mounting in second disk (2).

10. The transmission structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the first disc (1) is a circular disc, the second disc (2) is a circular toothed disc, the diameter of the first disc (1) is larger than the outer diameter of the annular toothed disc (7) and smaller than the outer diameter of the second disc (2), and a groove (20) for sleeving a transmission belt is formed between the first disc (1), the second disc (2) and the annular toothed disc (7).