CN219068177U - Circuit for automatically adjusting output signal along with variation of input signal - Google Patents
Circuit for automatically adjusting output signal along with variation of input signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a circuit for automatically adjusting an output signal along with the change of an input signal, which comprises a first matching network, a frequency selecting network, a second matching network, a voltage-controlled attenuator, an amplifier, a coupler, a detector and a control signal generator. The circuit has a better test dynamic range, the test dynamic range of the test equipment is doubled, and the use ratio of the test equipment is greatly improved. The circuit has better test flatness, and when the circuit is not introduced, the fluctuation of test results is larger, so that good test bandwidth cannot be brought, and the test performance of a test instrument is directly influenced; after the circuit of the utility model is introduced, the test result has no obvious large fluctuation, can bring good test bandwidth, and effectively improves the test performance of the test instrument.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of automatic gain control, in particular to a circuit for automatically adjusting an output signal along with an input signal.
Background
With the development of high-tech and sophisticated technology in the current society, the development of electronic technology and communication technology is mature, and the requirements of communication systems such as optical fiber communication, microwave communication and satellite communication, radar, broadcast television systems, various receivers and signal acquisition systems on signal acquisition are higher and higher, so that the signal acquisition range is wide, and the sensitivity requirement is also high.
The measurement range of the test device depends on the input signal amplitude and the gain of the amplifying circuit at the front end itself. For various reasons, the range of signal amplitude to be measured is sometimes large, the signal is sometimes weak, the signal is sometimes strong, the signal is possibly 0.1 microwatts when the signal is weak, 100 milliwatts can be reached when the signal is strong, the strongest signal and the weakest signal differ by tens of dB, and the interval of the dynamic state is called the test dynamic range.
In order to prevent the input signal amplitude from being too small to be measured, the input signal amplitude is too large to cause signal blockage, and the test dynamic range of the test equipment needs to be improved, so that reasonable and effective gain control needs to be performed on an amplifying circuit at the front end of the test equipment, the gain of the amplifying circuit can be enabled to automatically adjust the output signal amplitude along with the conversion of the input signal amplitude, and the circuit is generally called an automatic gain control circuit.
The automatic gain control circuit is one kind of output amplitude limiting device, and the output signal is regulated with the effective combination of linear amplification and compression amplification, and the circuit can maintain the output signal amplitude unchanged or change in small dynamic range under the condition of great change of the input signal amplitude, and ensure the stable back end input signal amplitude, so as to avoid the condition that the front end amplifying circuit is saturated, blocked and incapable of measuring caused by too small signal amplitude.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide an automatic gain control circuit to solve the problem of narrow test dynamic range in the existing circuit.
The utility model is realized in the following way: a circuit for automatically adjusting output signal along with input signal change comprises
The input end of the first matching network is connected with the input signal, and the output end of the first matching network is connected with the frequency selection network and is used for guaranteeing full-frequency and full-amplitude input matching of the input signal;
the input end of the frequency selection network is connected with the output end of the first matching network, and the output end of the frequency selection network is connected with the input end of the second matching network, so that full-band complete input is ensured, and meanwhile, out-of-band signal interference is reduced;
the input end of the second matching network is connected with the output end of the frequency selection network, the output end of the second matching network is connected with the input end of the voltage-controlled attenuator, so that full-frequency and full-amplitude input matching of input signals is ensured, and interference generated by the frequency selection network is prevented from being introduced into a lower-level circuit;
the first input end of the voltage-controlled attenuator is connected with the output end of the second matching network, the second input end of the voltage-controlled attenuator is connected with the output end of the control signal generator, and the output end of the voltage-controlled attenuator is connected with the input end of the amplifier and is used for completing the control of the amplitude of the signal by attenuating the input signal;
the input end of the amplifier is connected with the output end of the voltage-controlled attenuator, and the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of the coupler and is used for effectively amplifying the amplitude of an input signal and ensuring the amplitude of the signal;
the input end of the coupler is connected with the output end of the amplifier, the first output end outputs a signal, and the second output end is connected with the input end of the detector and is used for sampling the main link signal to finish the detection of the main signal;
the input end of the detector is connected with the second output end of the coupler, and the output end of the detector is connected with the input end of the control signal generator and is used for converting the main link signal adopted by the coupler into common direct-current voltage;
and the control signal generator is used for comparing the preset reference voltage with the sampling conversion voltage of the detector to generate proper control voltage, and controlling the attenuation of the voltage-controlled attenuator to ensure proper attenuation and proper output signal amplitude.
Further, the utility model can be realized according to the following technical scheme:
the first matching network and the second matching network are both composed of elements KAT-1+, a pin 2 of the element KAT1 is an input end, a pin 5 is an output end, and other pins are all grounded.
The frequency-selecting network consists of an element HIFCN-1800 and an element LFCN-400D which are connected in series, wherein an input pin of the element HIFCN-1800 is connected with an output end of the first matching network, and an output pin of the element HIFCN-400D is connected with an input pin of the element LFCN-400D; the output pin of the element LFCN-400D is connected with the input end of the second matching network; the other pins of the element HIFCW-1800 and the element LFCN-400D are grounded.
The voltage controlled attenuator is composed of elements RFSA-40,
The amplifier is composed of the elements MAAM-011109,
The coupler is composed of an element EDC-40, wherein a pin 5 of the element EDC-40 is an input end, a pin 20 is a first output end, a pin 25 is a second output end, and other pins are all grounded.
The detector comprises an element LTC5596, a pin 2 of the element LTC5596 is an input end, a pin 10 is an output end, a pin 7 is divided into five paths, a first path is connected with a +5v power supply terminal, a second path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C6, a third path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C7, a fourth path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C11, a fifth path is connected with a pin 5, and other pins of the element LTC5596 are grounded.
The control signal generator consists of an element TL072C, a pin 7 is an output end, the pin 7 is connected with a pin 6, a pin 1 is connected with a pin 5, one path of a pin 2 is connected with the pin 1 through a resistor R24, the other path of the pin 2 is connected with the output end of the detector through a resistor R23, one path of the pin 3 is connected with a-5V power supply terminal through a resistor R22, and the other path of the pin 3 is grounded through a resistor R21; the pin 4 is divided into four paths, the first path is connected with-5V voltage, the second path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C40, the third path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C29, the fourth path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C10, the pin 8 is divided into four paths, the first path is connected with a +5V power supply terminal, the second path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C2, the third path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C3, and the fourth path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C4.
The circuit has a better test dynamic range, the test dynamic range of the test equipment is doubled, and the use ratio of the test equipment is greatly improved.
When the circuit of the utility model has better test sensitivity and is not introduced into the circuit of the utility model, the optimal test sensitivity is-15 dBm, and most of the current measurement requirements cannot be met; after the circuit of the utility model is introduced, the optimal test sensitivity reaches-35 dBm, so that the circuit can meet most of measurement requirements, the application range of a measuring instrument can be wider, and more test scenes can be matched.
The circuit has better test flatness, and when the circuit is not introduced, the fluctuation of test results is larger, so that good test bandwidth cannot be brought, and the test performance of a test instrument is directly influenced; after the circuit of the utility model is introduced, the test result has no obvious large fluctuation, can bring good test bandwidth, and effectively improves the test performance of the test instrument.
The utility model has reliable front-end circuit protection, the circuit is actually a negative feedback circuit, and the purpose of stabilizing the amplitude of an output signal is achieved by reasonably and effectively controlling the gain of the variable gain amplifier. When the input signal is large, the feedback depth is deep, and the gain of the variable gain amplifier is small, so that the front-end circuit device is ensured not to be damaged due to the large input signal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a frame diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is a partial circuit diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is a partial circuit diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the attenuation of the voltage controlled attenuator and the input signal Ui according to the present utility model.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of element HICW-1800.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of element RFSA-40.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the component EDC-40.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the circuit for automatically adjusting an output signal according to the input signal of the present utility model comprises: the device comprises a first matching network, a frequency selection network, a second matching network, a voltage-controlled attenuator, an amplifier, a coupler, a detector and a control signal generator.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the input end of the first matching network is connected with the input signal, and the output end of the first matching network is connected with the frequency selecting network, so as to ensure full-band and full-amplitude input matching of the input signal. The input end of the second matching network is connected with the output end of the frequency selection network, and the output end of the second matching network is connected with the input end of the voltage-controlled attenuator, so that full-frequency and full-amplitude input matching of input signals is ensured, and interference generated by the frequency selection network is prevented from being introduced into a lower circuit. The first matching network and the second matching network are both composed of an element KAT-1+, a pin 2 of the element KAT-1+ is an input end, a pin 5 is an output end, and other pins are all grounded.
The input end of the frequency selection network is connected with the output end of the first matching network, and the output end of the frequency selection network is connected with the input end of the second matching network, so that full-band complete input is ensured, and out-of-band signal interference is reduced. The frequency-selecting network consists of an element HIFCN-1800 and an element LFCN-400D which are connected in series, wherein an input pin of the element HIFCN-1800 is connected with an output end of the first matching network, and an output pin of the element HIFCN-400D is connected with an input pin of the element LFCN-400D; the output pin of the element LFCN-400D is connected with the input end of the second matching network; the other pins of the element HIFCW-1800 and the element LFCN-400D are grounded.
The first input end of the voltage-controlled attenuator is connected with the output end of the second matching network, the second input end of the voltage-controlled attenuator is connected with the output end of the control signal generator, and the output end of the voltage-controlled attenuator is connected with the input end of the amplifier and used for completing the control of the amplitude of the signal (in a subsequent circuit) through attenuating the input signal. The voltage-controlled attenuator consists of an element RFSA-40, wherein a pin 3 of the element RFSA-40 is a first input end, a pin 16 is a second input end, a pin 13 is an output end, a pin 12 is divided into four paths, the first path is connected with a +5v power supply terminal, the second path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C50 (0.1 uF), the third path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C59 (1000 pF), and the fourth path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C62 (100 pF); the other pins of the element RFSA-40 are all grounded.
The input end of the amplifier is connected with the output end of the voltage-controlled attenuator, and the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of the coupler and is used for effectively amplifying the amplitude of an input signal and guaranteeing the amplitude of the signal. The amplifier is composed of an element MAAM-011109, a pin 3 of the element MAAM-011109 is an input end, a pin 13 is an output end, a pin 18 is divided into five paths, a first path is connected with a +5v power supply terminal, a second path is grounded through a capacitor C51 (0.1 uF), a third path is grounded through a capacitor C60 (1000 pF), a fourth path is grounded through a capacitor C63 (100 pF), a fifth path is connected with a pin 17, and other pins of the element MAAM-011109 are all grounded.
The input end of the coupler is connected with the output end of the amplifier, the first output end outputs a signal, and the second output end is connected with the input end of the detector and is used for sampling the main link signal to finish the detection of the main signal. The coupler is composed of an element EDC-40, wherein a pin 5 of the element EDC-40 is an input end, a pin 20 is a first output end, a pin 25 is a second output end, and other pins are all grounded.
The input end of the detector is connected with the second output end of the coupler, and the output end of the detector is connected with the input end of the control signal generator and is used for converting the main link signal adopted by the coupler into common direct-current voltage. The detector consists of an element LTC5596, a pin 2 of the element LTC5596 is an input end, a pin 10 is an output end, a pin 7 is divided into five paths, a first path is connected with a +5v power supply terminal, a second path is grounded through a capacitor C6 (0.1 uF), a third path is grounded through a capacitor C7 (1000 pF), a fourth path is grounded through a capacitor C11 (100 pF), a fifth path is connected with a pin 5, and other pins of the element LTC5596 are all grounded.
The first input end of the control signal generator is connected with the reference voltage Vp, the second input end of the control signal generator is connected with the output end of the detector, and the output end of the control signal generator is connected with the second input end of the voltage-controlled attenuator and used for comparing the preset reference voltage with the sampling conversion voltage of the detector to generate proper control voltage and controlling the attenuation of the voltage-controlled attenuator to ensure proper output signal amplitude. The control signal generator consists of an element TL072C, a pin 7 is an output end, the pin 7 is connected with a pin 6, a pin 1 is connected with a pin 5, one path of a pin 2 is connected with the pin 1 through a resistor R24 (1.47 kΩ), the other path of the pin 2 is connected with the output end of the detector through a resistor R23 (1 kΩ), one path of the pin 3 is connected with-5V voltage through a resistor R22, and the other path of the pin 3 is grounded through a resistor R21 (40 Ω); the pin 4 is divided into four paths, wherein the first path is connected with-5V voltage, the second path is grounded through a capacitor C40 (0.1 uF), the third path is grounded through a capacitor C29 (1000 pF), the fourth path is grounded through a capacitor C10 (100 pF), the pin 8 is divided into four paths, the first path is connected with a +5V power supply terminal, the second path is grounded through a capacitor C2 (0.1 uF), the third path is grounded through a capacitor C3 (1000 pF), and the fourth path is grounded through a capacitor C4 (100 pF). The capacitors adopted by the utility model are all 0402 packaging sizes, and the resistors are all 0603 packaging sizes.
In the frequency-selective network, the element HICW-1800 is a high-pass filter with impedance: 50 Ω, passband: 17.5-40.5GHz. The schematic diagram of element HICW-1800 is shown in FIG. 6.
Pin definition:
table 1 typical data for element HICW-1800: at a temperature of 25 DEG C
| Frequency (MHz) | Insertion loss (dB) | Standing wave ratio (: 1) |
| 14600 | 15.2 | 1.39 |
| 17500 | 1.9 | 1.5 |
| 18300 | 1.93 | 1.25 |
| 20000 | 1.24 | 1.35 |
| 23000 | 0.93 | 1.37 |
| 25000 | 0.92 | 1.46 |
| 27000 | 0.71 | 1.39 |
| 30000 | 0.75 | 1.34 |
| 33000 | 0.68 | 1.42 |
| 35000 | 0.59 | 1.28 |
| 37000 | 0.55 | 1.32 |
| 39500 | 0.95 | 1.46 |
| 40500 | 1.35 | 1.41 |
| 43600 | 12.1 | 1.35 |
In the voltage-controlled attenuator, the frequency range of the element RFSA-40 is 15-40GHz, and the attenuation range is 0-30dB. The schematic diagram of the component RFSA-40 is shown in FIG. 7.
Table 2 pin function of element RFSA-40:
| pin | Function of | Description of the |
| 3 | INPUT | |
| 13 | OUTPUT | Signal output terminal |
| 16 | Vp | Voltage-controlled |
| 18 | Vcc | Power supply (+ 5V) |
| 1,2,4-12,14,15,17,19,20,21 | GND | Grounding end |
Table 3 technical index of element RFSA-40:
the frequency range of the component EDC-40 in the coupler is 15-40GHz. The schematic diagram of the component EDC-40 is shown in FIG. 8.
Table 4 pin definition of element EDC-40:
| pin | Function of |
| 5 | |
| 20 | OUTPUT |
| 25 | COUPLED |
| 1-4,6-19,21-24,26-32,33 | GND |
Table 5 technical index of element EDC-40:
the working process of the utility model is as follows: the input signal Ui is input through a terminal J1, is subjected to frequency matching and selection through a first matching network and a frequency selecting network, is subjected to second matching network, is subjected to basic attenuation through a voltage-controlled attenuator, is amplified through an amplifier, is sampled through a coupler, and generates an output signal Uo, and is output through a terminal J2. The signal is sampled by the coupler, the sampled signal is detected by the detector to generate a direct-current voltage signal V1, the direct-current voltage signal V1 and the basic control voltage Vp are processed by the control signal generator to generate a control voltage V2, and the control voltage V2 controls the voltage-controlled attenuator to attenuate the input signal, so that the stability of the output signal Uo is ensured.
When the input signal amplitude Ui is input, the frequency is selected through a matching network and a frequency selecting network, then attenuated through a voltage-controlled attenuator, amplified and amplified preliminarily, a coupler samples a main link signal, the sampled signal is detected by a detector to generate detection voltage V1, the detection voltage V1 and a reference voltage value Vp, the control voltage V2 of the voltage-controlled attenuator is generated through a control signal generator, the attenuation of the voltage-controlled attenuator is controlled, and proper output signal amplitude is generated.
When the amplitude Ui of the input signal is very small, the detector compares the detected voltage V1 generated after the detection of the sampling signal with the reference voltage Vp through the voltage comparator, when V1 is smaller than Vp, the automatic gain control circuit does not work, at the moment, the voltage-controlled attenuator takes the reference control voltage Vp as a coefficient to generate the control voltage V2 through the control signal generator, and attenuates the amplitude of the input signal Ui to generate the output signal Uo at the moment.
When the amplitude of the output signal is gradually increased, the detector compares the detection voltage V1 generated after the detection of the sampling signal with the reference voltage Vp, and when V1 is larger than Vp, the automatic gain control circuit starts to act, and at the moment, the voltage-controlled attenuator generates a control voltage V2 through the control signal generator according to the coefficient calculated by the reference control voltage Vp and the detection voltage V1, so as to control the attenuation quantity of the voltage-controlled attenuator; the larger the input signal amplitude Ui is, the larger the attenuation amount of the voltage-controlled attenuator is, so that the output signal amplitude Uo is ensured to be basically unchanged or changed in a small range to ensure the normal operation of a subsequent circuit.
The larger the input signal amplitude Ui is, the deeper the feedback depth is, and the larger the attenuation amount of the voltage-controlled attenuator is, so that the purpose of stabilizing the output signal amplitude Uo is achieved. It can be seen that the relationship between the input signal Ui and the attenuation Amount (ATT) of the voltage controlled attenuator is shown in fig. 5.
TABLE 6 test dynamic Range of test apparatus before Circuit Using the utility model
TABLE 7 test dynamic Range of test apparatus after Circuit Using the utility model
As can be seen from the comparison of the table 6 and the table 7, the optimal dynamic range of the test before the circuit of the utility model is used is-15 dBm to +7dBm, and the dynamic range of the test equipment is too small to meet the practical use requirement; the optimal dynamic test range reaches-35 dBm to +20dBm after the circuit of the utility model is used, the dynamic test range of the test equipment is doubled, and the utilization rate of the test equipment is greatly improved.
Claims (8)
1. A circuit for automatically adjusting output signal along with input signal variation is characterized by comprising
The input end of the first matching network is connected with the input signal, and the output end of the first matching network is connected with the frequency selection network and is used for guaranteeing full-frequency and full-amplitude input matching of the input signal;
the input end of the frequency selection network is connected with the output end of the first matching network, and the output end of the frequency selection network is connected with the input end of the second matching network, so that full-band complete input is ensured, and meanwhile, out-of-band signal interference is reduced;
the input end of the second matching network is connected with the output end of the frequency selection network, the output end of the second matching network is connected with the input end of the voltage-controlled attenuator, so that full-frequency and full-amplitude input matching of input signals is ensured, and interference generated by the frequency selection network is prevented from being introduced into a lower-level circuit;
the first input end of the voltage-controlled attenuator is connected with the output end of the second matching network, the second input end of the voltage-controlled attenuator is connected with the output end of the control signal generator, and the output end of the voltage-controlled attenuator is connected with the input end of the amplifier and is used for completing the control of the amplitude of the signal by attenuating the input signal;
the input end of the amplifier is connected with the output end of the voltage-controlled attenuator, and the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of the coupler and is used for effectively amplifying the amplitude of an input signal and ensuring the amplitude of the signal;
the input end of the coupler is connected with the output end of the amplifier, the first output end outputs a signal, and the second output end is connected with the input end of the detector and is used for sampling the main link signal to finish the detection of the main signal;
the input end of the detector is connected with the second output end of the coupler, and the output end of the detector is connected with the input end of the control signal generator and is used for converting the main link signal adopted by the coupler into common direct-current voltage;
and the control signal generator is used for comparing the preset reference voltage with the sampling conversion voltage of the detector to generate proper control voltage, and controlling the attenuation of the voltage-controlled attenuator to ensure proper attenuation and proper output signal amplitude.
2. The circuit for automatically adjusting an output signal according to claim 1, wherein the first matching network and the second matching network are each composed of a KAT-1+, pin 2 of KAT1 is an input terminal, pin 5 is an output terminal, and the other pins are all grounded.
3. The circuit for automatically adjusting an output signal according to claim 1, wherein the frequency selective network comprises an element HIFCW-1800 and an element LFCN-400D connected in series, an input pin of the element HIFCW-1800 being connected to an output terminal of the first matching network, and an output pin being connected to an input pin of the element LFCN-400D; the output pin of the element LFCN-400D is connected with the input end of the second matching network; the other pins of the element HIFCW-1800 and the element LFCN-400D are grounded.
4. The circuit for automatically adjusting an output signal as defined in claim 1, wherein said voltage controlled attenuator is comprised of an element RFSA-40,
pin 3 of the element RFSA-40 is a first input end, pin 16 is a second input end, pin 13 is an output end, pin 12 is divided into four paths, the first path is connected with a +5v power supply terminal, the second path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C50, the third path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C59, and the fourth path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C62; the other pins of the element RFSA-40 are all grounded.
5. The circuit for automatically adjusting an output signal as in claim 1, wherein the amplifier is comprised of MAAM-011109,
pin 3 of element MAAM-011109MADT-01 is the input, pin 13 is the output, and pin 18 divide into five ways, and first way is connected with +5v power supply terminal, and the second way is through ground behind electric capacity C51, the third way is through ground behind electric capacity C60, and the fourth way is through ground behind electric capacity C63, and the fifth way is connected with pin 17, other pins of element MAAM-011109 are all grounded.
6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the coupler comprises an element EDC-40, pin 5 of the element EDC-40 being an input terminal, pin 20 being a first output terminal, pin 25 being a second output terminal, and the other pins being connected to ground.
7. The circuit for automatically adjusting an output signal according to claim 1, wherein the detector comprises an element LTC5596, a pin 2 of the element LTC5596 is an input terminal, a pin 10 is an output terminal, a pin 7 is divided into five paths, a first path is connected to a +5v power supply terminal, a second path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C6, a third path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C7, a fourth path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C11, a fifth path is connected to a pin 5, and other pins of the element LTC5596 are all grounded.
8. The circuit for automatically adjusting an output signal according to the variation of an input signal according to claim 1, wherein the control signal generator is composed of a component TL072C, a pin 7 is an output end, the pin 7 is connected with a pin 6, a pin 1 is connected with a pin 5, a pin 2 is connected with the pin 1 through a resistor R24, another path is connected with the output end of the detector through a resistor R23, a pin 3 is connected with a-5V power terminal through a resistor R22, and another path is grounded through a resistor R21; the pin 4 is divided into four paths, the first path is connected with-5V voltage, the second path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C40, the third path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C29, the fourth path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C10, the pin 8 is divided into four paths, the first path is connected with a +5V power supply terminal, the second path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C2, the third path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C3, and the fourth path is grounded after passing through a capacitor C4.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222544191.0U CN219068177U (en) | 2022-09-26 | 2022-09-26 | Circuit for automatically adjusting output signal along with variation of input signal |
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| CN202222544191.0U CN219068177U (en) | 2022-09-26 | 2022-09-26 | Circuit for automatically adjusting output signal along with variation of input signal |
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| CN219068177U true CN219068177U (en) | 2023-05-23 |
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