CN219010223U - Fluidized bed gasifier water power slag discharging system - Google Patents
Fluidized bed gasifier water power slag discharging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN219010223U CN219010223U CN202223257849.6U CN202223257849U CN219010223U CN 219010223 U CN219010223 U CN 219010223U CN 202223257849 U CN202223257849 U CN 202223257849U CN 219010223 U CN219010223 U CN 219010223U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a hydraulic slag discharging system of a fluidized bed gasifier, which comprises a gasification unit, a slag discharging unit and a hydraulic slag control unit; the bottom end of the gasification furnace body lower slag pipe of the gasification unit is communicated with the slag inlet of the slag discharging pipe of the lower slag unit in a sealing way, and the slag outlet of the slag discharging pipe of the lower slag unit is communicated with the coal slag inlet pipe of the hydraulic slag control unit in a sealing way. The gasification unit adopts an innovative design concept, changes a dense-phase straight cylinder section of the traditional gasification furnace into a conical section structure, improves the gas velocity of a bed layer at the bottom of the gasification furnace, thoroughly solves the problem that the high-pressure fluidized bed is low in slag formation due to the gas velocity of the bed layer, and the superheated steam in the jacket of the slag discharging unit enters the slag discharging pipe through a through hole formed in the inner wall of the slag discharging pipe to directly contact and cool coal slag, so that the cooling speed is high and the recovery of high-temperature heat energy in the coal slag is realized; the hydraulic slag control unit initiates a hydraulic slag discharge structure of the fluidized bed for the first time, and solves the problems of high slag discharge temperature of the fixed bed, environmental pollution, difficult slag discharge control by a pneumatic control wet method and pipeline blockage.
Description
Technical field:
the utility model belongs to the technical field of coal chemical industry, and particularly relates to a hydraulic deslagging system of a fluidized bed gasifier.
The background technology is as follows:
the high-pressure fluidized bed gasification is also called ebullated bed gasification, and gasifying agent (steam and oxygen-enriched air or oxygen) enters the furnace from the bottom of the furnace, so that coal particles roll up and down in the furnace to form a boiling state for gasification reaction. The high-pressure fluidized bed gasifier greatly reduces the gas velocity of the fluidized bed layer due to the improvement of the system pressure, particularly the bottom of the fluidized bed, is the region with the lowest gas velocity of the fluidized bed layer, is easy to induce the occurrence of the situation of fluidized bed slag bonding, and causes serious economic loss for enterprises.
The combustion improver oxygen of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is completely fed from a central jet pipe in the central area of the bottom of the gasification furnace, the gas speed of a traditional single central jet pipe is greatly reduced under high pressure, the oxygen concentration (the percentage of oxygen accounting for the gasification agent) is unchanged, an ultra-high temperature area is formed in the coverage area of the central jet pipe of the high pressure fluidized bed, and high temperature and low gas speed are very easy to induce high temperature slagging.
The crude gas of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is separated by a cyclone dust removal system, the traditional cyclone dust removal system of the fluidized bed gasification furnace adopts a multi-stage cyclone separation dust removal system, so that the dust carrying amount of the gas dust of the fluidized bed process is reduced, and a series of problems of high design difficulty, high equipment investment cost, complex process operation, difficult subsequent equipment fault maintenance, low secondary gasification efficiency after fly ash return to the furnace and the like exist.
The slag discharging mode of the fluidized bed gasification furnace mainly comprises a fixed bed dry slag discharging mode and an air control wet slag discharging mode. The dry-method slag discharging mode of the fixed bed is easy to control, and the accurate control of the slag discharging amount of the fluidized bed can be realized, but the slag discharging temperature of the dry-method slag discharging of the fixed bed is high, so that the temperature resistance requirement on a slag discharging control valve is high, and the slag discharging pipe is easy to leak due to abrasion. The air-control wet slag discharging mode mainly cools coal slag through chilled water, so that the corresponding slag discharging temperature is low, but a pipeline of a slag discharging system is easy to block, and production is unstable. In addition, hot slag generated by the circulating fluidized bed gasifier is entrained into a slag discharging pipe in the slag discharging process, and the hot slag is burnt with coal gas and coal slag near a slag discharging port, so that the slag discharging port at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier is blocked and cannot smoothly discharge slag due to the fact that the material near the slag discharging pipe flows slowly.
The utility model comprises the following steps:
in order to solve the technical problems, the utility model aims to provide a hydraulic deslagging system of a fluidized bed gasifier.
The utility model is implemented by the following technical scheme: a hydraulic slag discharging system of a fluidized bed gasifier comprises a gasification unit, a slag discharging unit and a hydraulic slag control unit;
the gasification unit comprises a gasification furnace body, a cyclone separator and a dipleg; the gasification outlet of the gasification furnace body is communicated with the inlet of the cyclone separator, the exhaust port of the cyclone separator is a process gas outlet, the discharge port of the cyclone separator is communicated with the inlet of a dipleg, the outlet of the dipleg is communicated with the central powder return jet pipe through a powder return pipe, and the powder return pipe is provided with a pneumatic conveying pipe;
the slag discharging unit comprises a slag discharging pipe and a cold medium storage device which are vertically arranged; the slag discharging pipe is of a jacketed tubular structure with two open ends, the upper opening end and the lower opening end of the slag discharging pipe are respectively a slag inlet and a slag outlet, a plurality of through holes are formed in the inner wall of the slag discharging pipe, and a cold medium inlet communicated with the inside of the jacket of the slag discharging pipe is formed in the outer wall of the slag discharging pipe; the cold medium inlet is communicated with the cold medium storage device through a pipeline;
the hydraulic slag control unit comprises a hydraulic slag control pipe, a slag water mixing tank, a slag water flash tank, a slag dragging machine, a sedimentation tank, water filtering equipment and a clean water tank, wherein the hydraulic slag control pipe is an inclined pipe, two ends of the inclined pipe are closed, a coal slag inlet pipe and a coal slag outlet pipe are respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the pipe wall of the hydraulic slag control pipe along the inclined downward direction in a penetrating manner, and a coal slag inlet valve and a coal slag outlet valve are respectively arranged on the coal slag inlet pipe and the coal slag outlet pipe;
the bottom end of the cinder outlet pipe is communicated with the inlet of the cinder water mixing tank, the bottom outlet of the cinder water mixing tank is communicated with the side inlet of the cinder water flash evaporation tank through a pipeline, a cinder discharging water valve is arranged on the pipeline communicated between the cinder water mixing tank and the cinder water flash evaporation tank, the top of the cinder water flash evaporation tank is communicated with a blow-down pipe, the bottom outlet of the cinder water flash evaporation tank is communicated with the inlet of the cinder dragging machine, the water outlet of the cinder dragging machine is communicated with the inlet of the sedimentation tank, the upper part of the sedimentation tank is communicated with the inlet of the water filtering equipment through a sewage pump, the outlet of the water filtering equipment is communicated with the inlet of the clean water tank, the clean water tank is communicated with the upper closed end of the hydraulic cinder control pipe through a clean water pipe, and a high cinder pressure control pump and a clean water valve are arranged on the clean water pipe;
the bottom end of the gasification furnace body slag discharging pipe of the gasification unit is communicated with the slag inlet of the slag discharging pipe of the slag discharging unit in a sealing way, and the slag outlet of the slag discharging pipe of the slag discharging unit is communicated with the coal slag inlet pipe of the hydraulic slag control unit in a sealing way.
Preferably, in the gasification unit, the gasification furnace body is divided into a gasification chamber, a dense phase chamber and a fly ash sedimentation chamber which are sequentially communicated from bottom to top, an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the gasification chamber, a funnel-shaped distribution plate is arranged in the gasification chamber, the top of the distribution plate is in sealing connection with the inner side wall of the gasification chamber, a slag discharging pipe which is vertically arranged is communicated with the bottom of the distribution plate, and the bottom end of the slag discharging pipe penetrates through the wall of the gasification chamber and is arranged outside the gasification chamber; the gasification agent jet pipe is communicated with the gasification agent conveying pipe, the dense phase chamber is of an inverted cone structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, and a coal inlet is formed in the side wall of the lower part of the dense phase chamber; and a gasification outlet is arranged at the top of the fly ash settling chamber.
Preferably, in the gasification unit, a pneumatic conveying valve is arranged on the pneumatic conveying pipe, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are respectively arranged at the lower part and the upper part of the dipleg, and the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are respectively connected with the pneumatic conveying valve through signals.
Preferably, in the gasification unit, the gasifying agent jet pipes are at least 2.
Preferably, in the gasification unit, the inlet of the pneumatic conveying pipe is communicated with a carbon dioxide pipe, and a carbon dioxide valve is arranged on the carbon dioxide pipe; the lower part and the upper part of the gasification chamber are respectively provided with a third pressure sensor and a fifth pressure sensor, the powder return pipe is provided with a fourth pressure sensor, and the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor are both in signal connection with the carbon dioxide valve.
Preferably, in the gasification unit, the inlet of the pneumatic conveying pipe is also communicated with a superheated steam pipe, and a steam valve is arranged on the superheated steam pipe; the powder return pipe is provided with a first temperature sensor which is in signal connection with the steam valve.
Preferably, in the deslagging unit, the cold medium storage device comprises a superheated steam source and a desalted water source, a first valve is arranged on a pipeline which is communicated with the cold medium inlet and the superheated steam source, and a second valve is arranged on a pipeline which is communicated with the cold medium inlet and the desalted water source;
a sixth pressure sensor is arranged in the slag discharging pipe, and a second temperature sensor is arranged at the slag outlet of the slag discharging pipe; a seventh pressure sensor is arranged in the jacket of the slag discharge pipe; the sixth pressure sensor and the seventh pressure sensor are electrically connected with the first valve, and the second temperature sensor is electrically connected with the second valve.
Preferably, in the slag discharging unit, the cold medium storage device further comprises a carbon dioxide gas source, and a third valve is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the carbon dioxide gas source with the cold medium inlet.
Preferably, in the slag discharging unit, the aperture of the through hole is 0.5-1.5mm.
Preferably, in the hydraulic slag control unit, a slag flushing valve is arranged on the hydraulic slag control pipe between the coal slag outlet pipe and the lower closed end of the hydraulic slag control pipe, an evacuation pipe is arranged at the lower part of the hydraulic slag control pipe between the slag flushing valve and the lower closed end of the hydraulic slag control pipe in a penetrating manner, and an evacuation valve is arranged on the evacuation pipe.
Preferably, in the hydraulic slag control unit, the hydraulic slag control device further comprises a side discharge pipe, an inlet end of the side discharge pipe is arranged at the lower part in the slag water flash tank, an outlet end of the side discharge pipe is communicated with a side inlet of the slag water flash tank, and a side discharge valve and a liquid level control slag discharge valve are arranged on the side discharge pipe.
Preferably, in the hydraulic slag control unit, the middle part of the clear water pipe is also communicated with the blow-down pipe through a first connecting pipe, a first regulating valve is arranged on the first connecting pipe, a clear water valve and an eighth pressure sensor are arranged on the clear water pipe between the first connecting pipe and the hydraulic slag control pipe, a ninth pressure sensor is arranged on the hydraulic slag control pipe, the eighth pressure sensor and the ninth pressure sensor are both in signal connection with the first regulating valve, and the clear water valve is in signal connection with the third pressure sensor and the fifth pressure sensor.
Preferably, the upper part of the slag-water mixing tank is communicated with the blow-down pipe through a second connecting pipe, and a second regulating valve is arranged on the second connecting pipe.
Preferably, in the hydraulic slag control unit, the hydraulic slag control unit further comprises a flushing water pipe, an inlet end of the flushing water pipe is arranged in the clean water tank, an outlet end of the flushing water pipe is respectively communicated with the bottom of the slag water mixing tank and the side discharge pipe between the slag water mixing tank and the liquid level control slag discharge valve, and two control valves are respectively arranged on the flushing water pipe communicated with the slag water mixing tank and the side discharge pipe.
Preferably, in the hydraulic slag control unit, a liquid level sensor is arranged on the slag-water mixing tank, and the liquid level sensor is in signal connection with the liquid level control slag discharge valve.
Preferably, the included angle between the hydraulic slag control pipe and the horizontal plane is 5-45 degrees.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the utility model adopts an innovative design concept, changes the dense-phase straight cylinder section of the traditional gasification furnace into a conical section structure, improves the gas velocity of the bed layer at the bottom of the gasification furnace, and thoroughly solves the problem of low slag formation of the high-pressure fluidized bed due to the gas velocity of the bed layer; the traditional single central tube jet structure is changed into a multi-port scattering central jet structure, the radiation range of a central jet area is increased, the temperature of the central jet area is reduced, and the slagging risk is reduced; the N-shaped valve or wing valve return structure of the traditional cyclone system is changed into a pneumatic dense-phase conveying to the central jet flow return structure at the bottom of the gasifier, so that the powder return openings are positioned at the centers of the jet pipes in a plurality of central areas, and the pulverized coal is positioned in a high-oxygen, high-temperature and high-gas-velocity area after returning to the gasifier, so that the pulverized coal can be gasified secondarily in an instant manner.
2. The slag discharging pipe with the jacket type tubular structure has an indirect cooling effect on the coal slag, meanwhile, superheated steam in the jacket enters the slag discharging pipe through the through hole formed in the inner wall of the slag discharging pipe to directly contact and cool the coal slag, the cooling speed is high, and the recovery of high-temperature heat energy in the coal slag is realized;
3. in the slag discharging pipe, the superheated steam after heat exchange with coal slag returns to the gasification furnace, so that the recovered high-temperature heat energy is sent back to the fluidized bed gasification furnace to fully utilize the heat energy, the gas speed at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is improved, and the risk of slag bonding at the bottom of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is reduced;
4. the through holes are formed in the inner wall of the slag discharging pipe, so that the abrasion of coal slag to the inner wall of the slag discharging pipe can be reduced, the temperature inside and outside the jacket can be uniform, the expansion stress of the slag discharging pipe can be reduced, the service life of the slag discharging pipe is effectively prolonged, and the failure rate is reduced.
5. The utility model innovates the existing fluidized bed deslagging mode, initiates a hydraulic deslagging structure of the fluidized bed, and solves the problems of high deslagging temperature of a fixed bed, environmental pollution, difficult control of gas control wet deslagging and pipeline blockage.
6. The utility model changes the traditional intermittent deslagging concept of a high-pressure system, adopts high-pressure continuous depressurization discharge, and solves the problems that the process pipeline of the deslagging system is easy to block and the system is complex; the continuous slag discharging mode makes the slag discharging system simple in process and high in efficiency.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the disclosure, are not intended to limit the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain, but do not limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic slag discharging system of a fluidized bed gasifier according to the embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gasification unit of the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the gasification unit in the slag discharging pipe of the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a slag discharging unit in the present embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic slag control unit in this embodiment.
In the figure: the gasification device comprises a gasification unit 1, a slag discharging unit 2, a hydraulic slag control unit 3, a gasification furnace body 1.1, a gasification chamber 1.1.1, a dense phase chamber 1.1.2, a fly ash sedimentation chamber 1.1.3, an air inlet 1.1.4, a distribution plate 1.1.5, a slag discharging pipe 1.1.6, a gasifying agent jet pipe 1.1.7, a central powder return jet pipe 1.1.8, a coal inlet 1.1.9, a gasification outlet 1.1.10, a cyclone separator 1.2, a dipleg 1.3, a gasifying agent delivery pipe 1.4, a powder return pipe 1.5, a pneumatic delivery pipe 1.6, a pneumatic delivery valve 1.7, a first pressure sensor 1.8, a second pressure sensor 1.9, a carbon dioxide pipe 1.10, a superheated steam pipe 1.11, a carbon dioxide valve 1.12, a steam valve 1.13, a third pressure sensor 1.14, a fourth pressure sensor 1.15, a fifth pressure sensor 1.16 and a first temperature sensor 1.17; the slag discharging pipe 2.1, the superheated steam source 2.2, the desalted water source 2.3, the carbon dioxide source 2.4, the through hole 2.5, the first valve 2.6, the second valve 2.7, the third valve 2.8, the sixth pressure sensor 2.9, the second temperature sensor 2.10, the third temperature sensor 2.11, the seventh pressure sensor 2.12, the hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1, the slag water mixing tank 3.2, the slag flash tank 3.3, the slag dragging machine 3.4, the sedimentation tank 3.5, the water filtering device 3.6, the clean water tank 3.7, the cinder inlet valve 3.8, the cinder outlet valve 3.9, the slag discharging water valve 3.10, the blow-down pipe 3.11, the high pressure-controlled cinder pump 3.12, the slag flushing valve 3.13, the emptying valve 3.14, the first connecting pipe 3.15, the first regulating valve 3.16, the eighth pressure sensor 3.17, the ninth pressure sensor 3.18, the second regulating valve 3.19, the second regulating valve 3.20, the side liquid level controller 3.21, the liquid level controller 3.27.28, the clear water level controller 3.26, the clear water controller 3.28, the flushing pipe.
The utility model is further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments below:
a hydraulic slag discharging system of a fluidized bed gasifier comprises a gasification unit 1, a slag discharging unit 2 and a hydraulic slag control unit 3;
the gasification unit 1 comprises a gasification furnace body 1.1, a cyclone separator 1.2 and a dipleg 1.3; the gasification outlet 1.1.10 of the gasification furnace body 1.1 is communicated with the inlet of the cyclone separator 1.2, the exhaust port of the cyclone separator 1.2 is a process gas outlet, the discharge port of the cyclone separator 1.2 is communicated with the inlet of the dipleg 1.3, the outlet of the dipleg 1.3 is communicated with the central powder return jet pipe 1.1.8 through a powder return pipe 1.5, and a pneumatic conveying pipe 1.6 is arranged on the powder return pipe 1.5;
the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body 1.1, a gasification chamber 1.1.1, a dense phase chamber 1.1.2 and a fly ash sedimentation chamber 1.1.3 which are sequentially communicated from bottom to top, wherein an air inlet 1.1.4 is formed in the side wall of the gasification chamber 1.1.1, a funnel-shaped distribution plate 1.1.5 is arranged in the gasification chamber 1.1.1, the top of the distribution plate 1.1.5 is in sealing connection with the inner side wall of the gasification chamber 1.1.1, a slag discharging pipe 1.1.6 which is vertically arranged is communicated with the bottom of the distribution plate 1.1.5, and the bottom end of the slag discharging pipe 1.1.6 penetrates through the chamber wall of the gasification chamber 1.1.1 and is arranged outside the gasification chamber 1.1.1; 4 gasifying agent jet pipes 1.1.7 and a central powder return jet pipe 1.1.8 are vertically arranged in the slag discharging pipe 1.1.6, outlets of the gasifying agent jet pipes 1.1.7 and the central powder return jet pipe 1.1.8 are upwards arranged, the gasifying agent jet pipe 1.1.7 is communicated with the gasifying agent conveying pipe 1.4, the dense phase chamber 1.1.2 is of an inverted cone structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, and a coal inlet 1.1.9 is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the dense phase chamber; the top of the fly ash settling chamber 1.1.3 is provided with a gasification outlet 1.1.10.
The pneumatic conveying pipe 1.6 is provided with a pneumatic conveying valve 1.7, the lower part and the upper part of the dipleg 1.3 are respectively provided with a first pressure sensor 1.8 and a second pressure sensor 1.9, and the first pressure sensor 1.8 and the second pressure sensor 1.9 are respectively connected with the pneumatic conveying valve 1.7 in a signal manner.
The inlet of the pneumatic conveying pipe 1.6 is communicated with a carbon dioxide pipe 1.10, and a carbon dioxide valve 1.12 is arranged on the carbon dioxide pipe 1.10; the lower part and the upper part of the gasification chamber 1.1.1 are respectively provided with a third pressure sensor 1.14 and a fifth pressure sensor 1.16, the powder return pipe 1.5 is provided with a fourth pressure sensor 1.15, and the third pressure sensor 1.14 and the fourth pressure sensor 1.15 are respectively connected with the carbon dioxide valve 1.12 in a signal way.
The inlet of the pneumatic conveying pipe 1.6 is also communicated with a superheated steam pipe 1.11, and a steam valve 1.13 is arranged on the superheated steam pipe 1.11; the powder return pipe 1.5 is provided with a first temperature sensor 1.17, and the first temperature sensor 1.17 is in signal connection with the steam valve 1.13.
The slag discharging unit 2 comprises a slag discharging pipe 2.1 which is vertically arranged; the slag discharging pipe 2.1 is of a jacketed tubular structure with two open ends, the upper opening end and the lower opening end of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 are respectively a slag inlet and a slag outlet, the inner wall of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 is provided with a plurality of through holes 2.5 with the diameter of 1mm, and the outer wall of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 is provided with a cold medium inlet communicated with the inside of the jacket of the slag discharging pipe 2.1; the cold medium inlet is communicated with the superheated steam source 2.2, the desalted water source 2.3 and the carbon dioxide gas source 2.4 through pipelines, a first valve 2.6 is arranged on the pipeline for communicating the cold medium inlet and the superheated steam source 2.2, and a second valve 2.7 is arranged on the pipeline for communicating the cold medium inlet and the desalted water source 2.3; a third valve 2.8 is arranged on a pipeline which is communicated with the carbon dioxide gas source 2.4 and the cold medium inlet.
A sixth pressure sensor 2.9 is arranged in the slag discharging pipe 2.1, and a second temperature sensor 2.10 is arranged at the slag outlet of the slag discharging pipe 2.1; a seventh pressure sensor 2.12 is arranged in the jacket of the slag discharging pipe 2.1; the sixth pressure sensor 2.9 and the seventh pressure sensor 2.12 are both in signal connection with the first valve 2.6, and the second temperature sensor 2.10 is in signal connection with the second valve 2.7.
The hydraulic slag control unit 3 comprises a hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1, a slag water mixing tank 3.2, a slag water flash tank 3.3, a slag dragging machine 3.4, a sedimentation tank 3.5, water filtering equipment 3.6 and a clean water tank 3.7, wherein the hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1 is an inclined pipe with an angle of 10 degrees with the horizontal plane, two ends of the inclined pipe are closed, a coal slag inlet pipe and a coal slag outlet pipe are respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the pipe wall of the hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1 along the inclined downward direction in a penetrating way, and a coal slag inlet valve 3.8 and a coal slag outlet valve 3.9 are respectively arranged on the coal slag inlet pipe and the coal slag outlet pipe; the hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1 between the coal slag outlet pipe and the lower closed end of the hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1 is provided with a slag flushing valve 3.13, the lower part of the hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1 between the slag flushing valve 3.13 and the lower closed end of the hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1 is provided with an emptying pipe in a penetrating way, and the emptying pipe is provided with an emptying valve 3.14.
The bottom end of a coal slag outlet pipe is communicated with an inlet of a slag water mixing tank 3.2, the bottom outlet of the slag water mixing tank 3.2 is communicated with a side inlet of a slag water flash evaporation tank 3.3 through a pipeline, a slag water discharging valve 3.10 is arranged on the pipeline between the slag water mixing tank 3.2 and the slag water flash evaporation tank 3.3, the top of the slag water flash evaporation tank 3.3 is communicated with a blow-down pipe 3.11, the bottom outlet of the slag water flash evaporation tank 3.3 is communicated with an inlet of a slag dragging machine 3.4, a water outlet of the slag dragging machine 3.4 is communicated with an inlet of a sedimentation tank 3.5, the upper part of the sedimentation tank 3.5 is communicated with an inlet of a water filtering device 3.6 through a sewage pump, the outlet of the water filtering device 3.6 is communicated with an inlet of a clean water tank 3.7, the clean water tank 3.7 is communicated with the upper closed end of a hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1 through a clean water pipe 3.27, and a high-pressure slag pump 3.12 and a clean water valve 3.28 are arranged on the clean water pipe 3.27;
the embodiment also comprises a side discharge pipe 3.21, wherein the inlet end of the side discharge pipe 3.21 is arranged at the lower part in the slag water flash tank 3.3, the outlet end of the side discharge pipe 3.21 is communicated with the side inlet of the slag water flash tank 3.3, and the side discharge pipe 3.21 is provided with a side discharge valve 3.22 and a liquid level control slag discharge valve 3.23.
The middle part of the clear water pipe 3.27 is also communicated with the blow-down pipe 3.11 through a first connecting pipe 3.15, a first regulating valve 3.16 is arranged on the first connecting pipe 3.15, a clear water valve 3.28 and an eighth pressure sensor 3.17 are arranged on the clear water pipe 3.27 which is communicated between the first connecting pipe 3.15 and the hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1, a ninth pressure sensor 3.18 is arranged on the hydraulic slag control pipe 3.1, the eighth pressure sensor 3.17 and the ninth pressure sensor 3.18 are both in signal connection with the first regulating valve 3.16, and the clear water valve 3.28 is in signal connection with the third pressure sensor 1.14 and the fifth pressure sensor 1.16; the upper part of the slag-water mixing tank 3.2 is communicated with the blow-down pipe 3.11 through a second connecting pipe 3.19, and a second regulating valve 3.20 is arranged on the second connecting pipe 3.19.
In this embodiment, the hydraulic slag control unit 3 further includes a flushing water pipe 3.25, an inlet end of the flushing water pipe 3.25 is disposed in the clean water tank 3.7, an outlet end of the flushing water pipe 3.25 is respectively communicated with a bottom of the slag water mixing tank 3.2 and a side discharge pipe 3.21 communicating between the slag water mixing tank 3.2 and the liquid level control slag discharge valve 3.23, and two control valves 3.26 are respectively disposed on the flushing water pipe 3.25 communicating with the slag water mixing tank 3.2 and the side discharge pipe 3.21.
The slag-water mixing tank 3.2 is provided with a liquid level sensor 3.24, and the liquid level sensor 3.24 is in signal connection with a liquid level control slag discharging valve 3.23.
The bottom end of a gasification furnace body 1.1 slag discharging pipe 1.1.6 of the gasification unit 1 is communicated with a slag inlet of a slag discharging pipe 2.1 of the slag discharging unit 2 in a sealing way, and a slag outlet of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 of the slag discharging unit 2 is communicated with a coal slag inlet pipe of the hydraulic slag control unit 3 in a sealing way.
Working principle:
(1) The gasification unit 1 works in principle:
1. the high-pressure fluidized bed gasifier is generally divided into a dilute phase section (fly ash sedimentation section), a dense phase section (conical section) and a gasifier bottom air chamber section (comprising a gasifier air chamber distribution plate 1.1.5 and a central slag discharging channel). The conical concentrated phase section has the smallest sectional area at the bottom of the fluidized bed, and the gas velocity of the fluidized bed is also the largest at the bottom of the fluidized bed, so that the bottom of the fluidized bed has a good fluidization state, and the slagging of the fluidized bed is avoided. In the dilute phase section of the gasifier, the sectional area of the fluidized bed reaches the maximum value, and the apparent gas velocity of the fluidized bed reaches the minimum value, so that larger fly ash particles in the process gas are settled down to reduce the carrying amount of the fly ash at the top of the gasifier.
2. The fluidized bed is provided with pressure and temperature monitoring points, wherein the difference value between the third pressure sensor 1.14 and the fifth pressure sensor 1.16 at the upper part is the fluidized bed pressure difference which represents the height of the fluidized bed, and the pressure difference is used for controlling the opening of the clean water valve 3.28 of the hydraulic slag control unit 3, and the higher the pressure difference is, the larger the valve opening is controlled.
3. Raw coal is added from a coal inlet 1.1.9, and reacts with gasifying agent (the gasifying agent is superheated steam and oxygen) at the bottom of the gasifier, process gas is led out from the top of the fluidized bed and is led out from the top of a cyclone separator 1.2 after dust removal by a cyclone dust removal system.
4. The bottom of the fluidized bed gasifier is provided with a slag discharging channel, and the cinder is discharged out of the system through the slag discharging channel.
5. Steam enters from the gasifier gas chamber, passes through the small holes of the distribution plate 1.1.5 and then enters the bottom of the gasifier, thereby playing a role in bottom fluidization.
6. Oxygen and steam required by the gasifier enter through the central jet pipe after being mixed, and are the main source of fluidization and heat of the gasifier. The design of a plurality of central jet pipes (the traditional design is single) can effectively improve the jet speed (the pipe diameter is small), enlarge the jet coverage, be favorable to the temperature diffusion of the central area of the gasification furnace and reduce the temperature of the central area.
7. The central jet flow comprises a central powder return jet pipe 1.1.8 and gasifying agent jet pipes 1.1.7 (4) which are circumferentially surrounded, wherein the main medium of the central powder return jet pipe 1.1.8 is ash powder, steam and CO 2 The high-speed ash powder jet flow is positioned in the center of the slag channel of the gasification furnace, can strengthen fluidization in the central area of the bottom of the gasification furnace, and the other ash powder is wrapped by the central jet flow of the gasification agent, so that the rapid secondary gasification of the ash powder can be realized, and the dust content of the outlet of the gasification furnace can be effectively reduced.
8. The fly ash separated by cyclone falls into a dipleg 1.3, and the dipleg 1.3 is provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the dipleg 1.3 and the cyclone working state; the device is provided with a first pressure sensor 1.8 and a second pressure sensor 1.9, and is used for monitoring the height of materials in the dipleg 1.3, controlling the opening of the pneumatic conveying valve 1.7 through a difference value, and when the pressure difference is high, indicating that the materials in the dipleg 1.3 are more, opening the pneumatic conveying valve 1.7 and increasing the conveying air flow; the dipleg 1.3 is provided with a material level monitor for monitoring the highest material level and the lowest material level allowed in the dipleg 1.3, and simultaneously, the material level monitor is verified with the pressure measurement values of the first pressure sensor 1.8 and the second pressure sensor 1.9, so that the accurate monitoring of the materials in the dipleg 1.3 is ensured.
9. The materials in the dipleg 1.3 are conveyed to a powder return jet pipe 1.1.8 at the center of the bottom of the gasifier through pneumatic dense phase, and carbon dioxide and steam are used as conveying gas; the ash returning pipeline (pneumatic conveying pipe 1.6) is provided with a fourth pressure sensor 1.15 and temperature monitoring, the opening of the carbon dioxide valve 1.12 is controlled by the pressure difference measured by the third pressure sensor 1.14 and the fourth pressure sensor 1.15, the pressure difference is large, the opening of the control valve 3.26 is smaller, the opening of the steam valve 1.13 is controlled by the first temperature sensor 1.17, the opening of the control valve 3.26 is smaller when the temperature is high, and meanwhile, the pressure difference measured by the third pressure sensor 1.14 and the fourth pressure sensor 1.15 is smaller, and the carbon dioxide valve 1.12 is larger.
(2) The working principle of the slag discharging unit 2 is as follows:
in the start-up or stop stage of the fluidized bed gasification furnace, the first valve 2.6 and the second valve 2.7 are closed, the third valve 2.8 is opened, the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas is utilized to purge the slag discharging pipe 2.1, the gas in the slag discharging pipe 2.1 and the gas in the jacket of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 are replaced, and meanwhile, the through holes 2.5 on the pipe wall of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 can be prevented from being blocked by coal cinder.
In the normal operation stage of the fluidized bed gasification furnace, the first valve 2.6 is opened, the second valve 2.7 and the third valve 2.8 are closed, superheated steam enters the jacket of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 and enters the slag discharging pipe 2.1 through the through hole 2.5 to perform indirect and direct heat exchange with high-temperature coal slag respectively, the pressure in the jacket of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 and the pressure in the slag discharging pipe 2.1 are regulated by regulating the opening degree of the first valve 2.6, the difference between the pressure in the jacket of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 (the pressure measured by the seventh pressure sensor 2.12) and the pressure in the slag discharging pipe 2.1 (the pressure measured by the sixth pressure sensor 2.9) is kept to be larger than 0.1MPa, and meanwhile, the temperature in the jacket of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 (the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor 2.11) is kept to be the same as the temperature at the slag outlet of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 (the temperature measured by the second pressure sensor 1.9). When the temperature of the slag outlet of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 is higher than a preset value, the second valve 2.7 is opened, and the desalted water cools the superheated steam, so that the temperature of the superheated steam before entering the jacket of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 reaches or is lower than the saturated steam temperature, and the temperature of the slag outlet of the slag discharging pipe 2.1 is lowered to the preset value. After the heat exchange between the superheated steam and the cinder, the cinder enters the fluidized bed gasifier from the cinder inlet of the cinder discharging pipe 2.1 for recycling, and the cinder enters the subsequent cinder discharging system from the cinder outlet of the cinder discharging pipe 2.1 for further treatment and discharge.
(3) The hydraulic slag control unit 3 works in principle:
1. the gasification furnace cinder falls into the hydraulic cinder control pipe 3.1 through the cinder inlet valve 3.8, water pumped by the high-pressure cinder control pump 3.12 is washed, and cinder water continuously falls into the cinder water mixing tank 3.2 through the cinder outlet valve 3.9; the slag water is continuously pumped and decompressed through a liquid level control slag discharging valve 3.23 (an angle valve in the embodiment), the coal slag water enters a slag water flash tank 3.3, flash steam is discharged through high-point emptying, the decompressed coal slag water is continuously discharged into a slag dragging machine 3.4, the slag water is precipitated, overflows into a precipitation tank 3.5 to continue precipitation, and cleaner water enters a clean water tank 3.7 after entering water filtering system equipment (conventional equipment) through a sewage pump.
2. When the slag-water mixing tank 3.2 needs to be emptied, closing a coal slag outlet valve 3.9, opening a liquid level control slag discharge valve 3.23 to pump water and reduce pressure, opening a second regulating valve 3.20 and a slag discharge water valve 3.10, after the slag-water mixing tank 3.2 is completely discharged, closing the second regulating valve 3.20 and the slag discharge water valve 3.10, opening a control valve 3.26 on a flushing water pipe 3.25 communicated with the bottom of the slag-water mixing tank 3.2, and when the pressure of the two flushing water pipes 3.25 is the same after water injection and pressure rising, opening the coal slag outlet valve 3.9, then opening a liquid level control slag discharge valve 3.23 to control the liquid level of the slag-water mixing tank 3.2, and continuously performing slag pumping operation; in the process of discharging the slag-water mixing tank 3.2, a secondary line is required to be started in time for slag discharging operation (the secondary line is omitted in the figure).
3. The slag-water mixing tank 3.2 is provided with high and low liquid levels, the liquid level is monitored by a liquid level sensor 3.24, and the opening of a valve of the slag discharging valve 3.23 can be controlled by the liquid level; the slag water temperature sensor in the slag water mixing tank 3.2 controls the opening of the control valve 3.26 on the flushing water pipe 3.25 communicated with the bottom of the slag water mixing tank 3.2, and when the temperature of the slag water temperature sensor is high, the opening of the control valve 3.26 is increased.
4. The coal cinder outlet valve 3.9 controls the water inflow into the bottom of the cinder-water mixing tank 3.2, so that the bottom of the tank body is in a flowing state, the bottom cinder accumulation is reduced, and the emptying operation frequency of the cinder-water mixing tank 3.2 is reduced; in addition, the bottom temperature can be reduced by supplementing cold water at the bottom, the slag discharging water temperature is pumped out by the liquid level control slag discharging valve 3.23, and the content of slag water flash steam is reduced.
5. And 3.21 lines of the liquid level control slag discharging valve 3.23 side discharge pipe are washed forward and backward at regular time, so that the blockage of the lines is prevented.
6. The high-pressure flushing water is pressurized by a high-pressure flushing water pump and then cooled by a circulating cooling water heat exchanger, and the high-pressure flushing water and the bottom fluidization water of the slag water mixing tank 3.2 are used as the system, and the system is monitored to operate by a heat exchanger inlet and outlet pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.
7. The clear water is pressurized by a high-pressure slag pump 3.12, cooled by a circulating cooling water heat exchanger, and is monitored by a heat exchanger inlet and outlet pressure sensor and a temperature sensor to operate; the opening degree of the first regulating valve 3.16 is regulated and controlled through the pressure difference of the eighth pressure sensor 3.17 and the ninth pressure sensor 3.18, and when the pressure difference is larger, the opening degree of the first regulating valve 3.16 is correspondingly increased.
8. The pressure difference signal (the pressure difference between the third pressure sensor 1.14 and the fifth pressure sensor 1.16) from the gasification hearth controls the opening of the clean water valve 3.28, when the fluidized bed rises too fast or too high, the fluidized bed is indicated to have little slag discharge, the clean water valve 3.28 can be controlled to be opened, and the slag flushing water quantity is increased.
9. The liquid level control slag discharging valve 3.23 is an angle valve, which has the functions of continuously pumping slag, reducing pressure and the like.
10. The cinder outlet valve 3.9 is a high-temperature cut-off valve, and plays an emergency cut-off role when the system fails.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
In addition, the specific features described in the foregoing embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure does not further describe various possible combinations.
Moreover, any combination between the various embodiments of the present disclosure is possible as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure, which should also be construed as the disclosure of the present disclosure.
Claims (16)
1. The hydraulic slag discharging system of the fluidized bed gasifier is characterized by comprising a gasification unit, a slag discharging unit and a hydraulic slag control unit;
the gasification unit comprises a gasification furnace body, a cyclone separator and a dipleg; the gasification outlet of the gasification furnace body is communicated with the inlet of the cyclone separator, the exhaust port of the cyclone separator is a process gas outlet, the discharge port of the cyclone separator is communicated with the inlet of a dipleg, the outlet of the dipleg is communicated with a central powder return jet pipe through a powder return pipe, and a pneumatic conveying pipe is arranged on the powder return pipe;
the slag discharging unit comprises a slag discharging pipe and a cold medium storage device which are vertically arranged; the slag discharging pipe is of a jacketed tubular structure with two open ends, the upper open end and the lower open end of the slag discharging pipe are respectively provided with a slag inlet and a slag outlet, the inner wall of the slag discharging pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the outer wall of the slag discharging pipe is provided with a cold medium inlet communicated with the inside of the jacket of the slag discharging pipe; the cold medium inlet is communicated with the cold medium storage device through a pipeline;
the hydraulic slag control unit comprises a hydraulic slag control pipe, a slag water mixing tank, a slag water flash tank, a slag dragging machine, a sedimentation tank, water filtering equipment and a clean water tank, wherein the hydraulic slag control pipe is an inclined pipe, two ends of the inclined pipe are closed, a coal slag inlet pipe and a coal slag outlet pipe are respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the pipe wall of the hydraulic slag control pipe along the inclined downward direction in a penetrating manner, and a coal slag inlet valve and a coal slag outlet valve are respectively arranged on the coal slag inlet pipe and the coal slag outlet pipe;
the bottom end of the cinder outlet pipe is communicated with the inlet of the cinder water mixing tank, the bottom outlet of the cinder water mixing tank is communicated with the side inlet of the cinder water flash evaporation tank through a pipeline, a cinder discharging water valve is arranged on the pipeline communicated between the cinder water mixing tank and the cinder water flash evaporation tank, the top of the cinder water flash evaporation tank is communicated with a blow-down pipe, the bottom outlet of the cinder water flash evaporation tank is communicated with the inlet of the cinder dragging machine, the water outlet of the cinder dragging machine is communicated with the inlet of the sedimentation tank, the upper part of the sedimentation tank is communicated with the inlet of the water filtering equipment through a sewage pump, the outlet of the water filtering equipment is communicated with the inlet of the clean water tank, the clean water tank is communicated with the upper closed end of the hydraulic cinder control pipe through a clean water pipe, and a high cinder pressure control pump and a clean water valve are arranged on the clean water pipe;
the bottom end of the gasification furnace body slag discharging pipe of the gasification unit is communicated with the slag inlet of the slag discharging pipe of the slag discharging unit in a sealing way, and the slag outlet of the slag discharging pipe of the slag discharging unit is communicated with the coal slag inlet pipe of the hydraulic slag control unit in a sealing way.
2. The fluidized bed gasifier hydraulic slag discharging system according to claim 1, wherein in the gasification unit, the gasification furnace body is divided into a gasification chamber, a dense phase chamber and a fly ash sedimentation chamber which are sequentially communicated from bottom to top, an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the gasification chamber, a funnel-shaped distribution plate is arranged in the gasification chamber, the top of the distribution plate is in sealing connection with the inner side wall of the gasification chamber, a slag discharging pipe which is vertically arranged is communicated with the bottom of the distribution plate, and the bottom end of the slag discharging pipe penetrates through the wall of the gasification chamber and is arranged outside the gasification chamber; the gasification agent jet pipe is communicated with the gasification agent conveying pipe, the dense phase chamber is of an inverted cone structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, and a coal inlet is formed in the side wall of the lower part of the dense phase chamber; and a gasification outlet is arranged at the top of the fly ash settling chamber.
3. The hydraulic slag discharging system of the fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 2, wherein a pneumatic conveying valve is arranged on the pneumatic conveying pipe in the gasification unit, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are respectively arranged at the lower part and the upper part of the dipleg, and the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are respectively connected with the pneumatic conveying valve through signals.
4. The fluidized bed gasifier water slag discharging system as set forth in claim 2, wherein said gasifying unit has at least 2 gasifying agent jet pipes.
5. The hydraulic slag discharging system of the fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 2, wherein in the gasification unit, the inlet of the pneumatic conveying pipe is communicated with a carbon dioxide pipe, and a carbon dioxide valve is arranged on the carbon dioxide pipe; the lower part and the upper part of the gasification chamber are respectively provided with a third pressure sensor and a fifth pressure sensor, the powder return pipe is provided with a fourth pressure sensor, and the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor are both in signal connection with the carbon dioxide valve.
6. The hydraulic slag discharging system of the fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 2, wherein in the gasification unit, the inlet of the pneumatic conveying pipe is also communicated with a superheated steam pipe, and a steam valve is arranged on the superheated steam pipe; the powder return pipe is provided with a first temperature sensor which is in signal connection with the steam valve.
7. The fluidized bed gasifier hydraulic slag discharging system according to claim 1, wherein in the slag discharging unit, the cold medium storage device comprises a superheated steam source and a desalted water source, a first valve is arranged on a pipeline which is communicated with the cold medium inlet and the superheated steam source, and a second valve is arranged on a pipeline which is communicated with the cold medium inlet and the desalted water source;
a sixth pressure sensor is arranged in the slag discharging pipe, and a second temperature sensor is arranged at the slag outlet of the slag discharging pipe; a seventh pressure sensor is arranged in the jacket of the slag discharge pipe; the sixth pressure sensor and the seventh pressure sensor are electrically connected with the first valve, and the second temperature sensor is electrically connected with the second valve.
8. The fluidized bed gasification furnace hydraulic slag discharging system according to claim 1, wherein in the slag discharging unit, the cold medium storage device further comprises a carbon dioxide gas source, and a third valve is arranged on a pipeline communicating the carbon dioxide gas source with the cold medium inlet.
9. The hydraulic slag discharging system of a fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein in the slag discharging unit, the aperture of the through hole is 0.5-1.5mm.
10. The hydraulic slag discharging system of the fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein in the hydraulic slag control unit, a slag flushing valve is arranged on a hydraulic slag control pipe between the coal slag outlet pipe and the lower closed end of the hydraulic slag control pipe, an emptying pipe is arranged at the lower part of the hydraulic slag control pipe between the slag flushing valve and the lower closed end of the hydraulic slag control pipe in a penetrating manner, and an emptying valve is arranged on the emptying pipe.
11. The hydraulic slag discharging system of the fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 1, further comprising a side discharge pipe, wherein an inlet end of the side discharge pipe is arranged at the lower part in the slag water flash tank, an outlet end of the side discharge pipe is communicated with a side inlet of the slag water flash tank, and a side discharge valve and a liquid level control slag discharging valve are arranged on the side discharge pipe.
12. The hydraulic slag discharging system of the fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 5, wherein in the hydraulic slag control unit, the middle part of the clean water pipe is also communicated with the blow-down pipe through a first connecting pipe, a first adjusting valve is arranged on the first connecting pipe, a clean water valve and an eighth pressure sensor are arranged on the clean water pipe which is communicated between the first connecting pipe and the hydraulic slag control pipe, a ninth pressure sensor is arranged on the hydraulic slag control pipe, the eighth pressure sensor and the ninth pressure sensor are both in signal connection with the first adjusting valve, and the clean water valve is in signal connection with a third pressure sensor and a fifth pressure sensor.
13. The hydraulic slag discharging system of a fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the slag-water mixing tank is communicated with the blow-down pipe through a second connecting pipe, and a second regulating valve is arranged on the second connecting pipe.
14. The hydraulic slag discharging system of the fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 11, further comprising a flushing water pipe, wherein an inlet end of the flushing water pipe is arranged in the clean water tank, an outlet end of the flushing water pipe is respectively communicated with the bottom of the slag-water mixing tank and the side discharge pipe communicated between the slag-water mixing tank and the liquid level control slag discharging valve, and two control valves are respectively arranged on the flushing water pipes communicated with the slag-water mixing tank and the side discharge pipe.
15. The hydraulic slag discharging system of the fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 11, wherein a liquid level sensor is arranged on the slag-water mixing tank in the hydraulic slag control unit, and the liquid level sensor is in signal connection with the liquid level control slag discharging valve.
16. The hydraulic slag discharging system of a fluidized bed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the included angle between the hydraulic slag control pipe and the horizontal plane is 5-45 degrees.
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| CN202223257849.6U CN219010223U (en) | 2022-12-06 | 2022-12-06 | Fluidized bed gasifier water power slag discharging system |
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| CN202223257849.6U CN219010223U (en) | 2022-12-06 | 2022-12-06 | Fluidized bed gasifier water power slag discharging system |
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