CN218836093U

CN218836093U - Selective laser melting equipment

Info

Publication number: CN218836093U
Application number: CN202222493995.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈志茹; 高桦; 汪承杰; 肖静宇; 黄霖超; 周天双; 计霞; 刘慧渊; 沈于蓝; 周德敬
Original assignee: Falcontech Co ltd
Current assignee: Falcontech Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-19
Filing date: 2022-09-19
Publication date: 2023-04-11
Anticipated expiration: 2032-09-19

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of selective laser melting, a selective laser melting equipment is disclosed, including forming device, blast apparatus and the device that induced drafts. A forming cavity is arranged in the forming device, a laser channel is arranged at the top of the forming cavity, and the part is formed on the bottom surface of the forming cavity; the blowing device is arranged on the side wall of the forming device and comprises a plurality of blowing openings which are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction; the air suction device is arranged on the side wall of the forming device and is arranged opposite to the air blowing device, the air suction device comprises a plurality of air suction openings, and the air suction openings are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction. This equipment can make smoke and dust, residue etc. in time taken out forming device effectively on guaranteeing the fashioned basis of part safety on the bottom surface in shaping chamber, avoids covering of smoke and dust, residue etc. to laser channel to protect forming device not contaminated, effectively improved the printing precision of part, guaranteed the printing quality of part.

Description

Selective laser melting equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a election district laser melting technical field especially relates to a election district laser melting equipment.

Background

The selective laser melting is the most common metal additive manufacturing technology at present, and is a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional solid part by controlling and deflecting a high-energy laser beam through a scanning galvanometer according to profile data of each section of a three-dimensional model of the part so as to selectively melt metal powder, spreading the powder layer by layer, and melting, solidifying and stacking the powder layer by layer. The selective laser melting is suitable for manufacturing various parts with complex structures, has high manufacturing efficiency, and is gradually applied to the fields of aerospace, medical treatment, automobiles and the like.

Because the laser beam is used for sintering the metal powder with high energy instantly, a large amount of smoke dust and residues are generated in the manufacturing process of parts, and the smoke dust and the residues are attached to a protective lens of an optical path system of equipment, so that the transmission of the laser is influenced, the laser spot is enlarged, and the sintering energy is reduced; the smoke dust and the residues are attached to the powder layer, so that the absorption of the powder layer on laser energy is influenced, and the printing quality of parts is finally influenced. In order to solve the problem, the selective laser melting equipment is provided with an air field system, wherein the air field system comprises an air blowing port and an air suction port, the air blowing port is arranged above the side wall of one side of the forming device, so that smoke dust is not attached to a protective lens of the optical path system as far as possible, the other air blowing port is arranged below the forming device, the smoke dust and residues generated by sintering are blown away and do not fall on the surface of the powder layer, and the air suction port is arranged on the side wall of the other side of the forming device, so that the smoke dust and the residues can be sucked away.

However, in order to improve the printing efficiency, the prior selective laser melting equipment mostly adopts multiple lasers such as double lasers, four lasers, six lasers and the like, the sintering of the multiple lasers aggravates the smoke dust in the forming device, the prior selective laser melting equipment adopts a single air suction opening, the whole wind field system is unstable, and the smoke dust and the residues in the forming device, especially the smoke dust above the forming device, cannot be effectively removed in time. Therefore, smoke dust is attached to a protective lens of the optical path system to generate white fog, and laser passes through the optical path system to increase light spots, so that the surface roughness of printed parts is increased, the size precision of the parts is reduced, and even the parts are scrapped.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a election district laser melting equipment can improve the printing precision of part, guarantees the printing quality of part.

To achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:

a selective area laser melting apparatus comprising:

the forming device is internally provided with a forming cavity, the top of the forming cavity is provided with a laser channel, and a part is formed on the bottom surface of the forming cavity;

the blowing device is arranged on the side wall of the forming device and comprises a plurality of blowing openings which are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction;

the air suction device is arranged on the side wall of the forming device and opposite to the air blowing device, and comprises a plurality of air suction openings which are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction.

Preferably, the blowing device further comprises a blowing pipe, and the blowing openings are respectively communicated with the blowing pipe.

Preferably, the air outlet extends in a horizontal direction and is elongated.

Preferably, a blowing division plate is arranged in the blowing port, and the blowing division plate divides the blowing port into a plurality of blowing holes.

Preferably, the air suction device further comprises an air suction pipe, and the plurality of air suction ports are respectively communicated with the air suction pipe.

Preferably, the air suction opening extends in the horizontal direction and is in a strip shape.

Preferably, an air suction division plate is arranged in the air suction opening, and the air suction division plate divides the air suction opening into a plurality of air suction holes.

Preferably, the forming device comprises a light path system, a forming platform and a forming chamber, the forming chamber is arranged in the forming chamber, the light path system is arranged outside the forming chamber, laser emitted by the light path system penetrates through the laser channel to enter the forming chamber, and the forming platform is arranged on the bottom surface of the forming chamber and used for bearing the part.

Preferably, the optical path system includes a plurality of lasers, a plurality of scanning galvanometers, and a plurality of protective mirrors, the plurality of protective mirrors are respectively installed in the laser channel, the plurality of lasers are configured to emit a plurality of laser beams, the plurality of scanning galvanometers control deflection of the plurality of laser beams in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the plurality of laser beams transmit the plurality of protective mirrors in a one-to-one correspondence manner through the plurality of scanning galvanometers.

Preferably, the forming table comprises a powder bed configured to carry powder and a doctor blade configured to convey and spread the powder onto the powder bed.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the utility model provides a election district laser melting equipment, this equipment adopts the mode of a plurality of inlet scoops of a plurality of mouth collocation of blowing, cut apart into a plurality of airflow channel along vertical direction with the shaping chamber, can control the air steady flow in the airflow channel of not co-altitude level in the shaping intracavity, the windlass effect of air has effectively been avoided, thereby can be on the basis of part safety molding on the bottom surface of guaranteeing the shaping chamber, make the smoke and dust, the residue etc. is in time taken out forming device effectively, avoid the smoke and dust, the shielding of residue etc. to laser channel, thereby protected forming device not contaminated, the printing precision of part has effectively been improved, the printing quality of part has been guaranteed.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram i of a selective laser melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram ii of a selective laser melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. a molding device; 11. an optical path system; 111. a plurality of lasers; 112. scanning a galvanometer; 113. protective glasses; 12. a forming platform; 121. a powder bed; 122. a scraper;

2. a blowing device; 21. an air blowing port; 22. a blowpipe;

3. an air suction device; 31. an air inlet; 32. an air suction pipe;

100. and (4) parts.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.

In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the recitation of a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may include the recitation of the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the recitation of the first and second features not being in direct contact, but being in contact with another feature between them. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. "beneath," "under" and "beneath" a first feature includes the first feature being directly beneath and obliquely beneath the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", and the like are used based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of operation, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.

The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The embodiment provides a selective laser melting device which can effectively remove smoke dust and residues generated in the printing process and is particularly suitable for large-plane multi-laser printing. The selective laser melting equipment comprises a forming device 1, an air blowing device 2 and an air suction device 3.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2 in particular, a forming cavity is arranged in the forming device 1, a laser channel is arranged at the top of the forming cavity, and the part 100 is formed on the bottom surface of the forming cavity; the blowing device 2 is arranged on the side wall of the forming device 1, the blowing device 2 comprises a plurality of blowing openings 21, and the blowing openings 21 are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction; the air suction device 3 is arranged on the side wall of the forming device 1 and is opposite to the air blowing device 2, the air suction device 3 comprises a plurality of air suction openings 31, and the air suction openings 31 are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction.

This equipment adopts the mode of a plurality of inlet vents 31 of a plurality of 21 collocation of blowing mouths, cut apart into a plurality of airflow channel along vertical direction with the shaping chamber, the air in the airflow channel of different height levels in can the control shaping intracavity flows steadily, effectively avoided the hoist effect of air, thereby can be on the basis of part 100 safety molding on the bottom surface of guaranteeing the shaping chamber, make the smoke and dust, the residue etc. is in time taken out forming device 1 effectively, avoid the smoke and dust, the shielding of residue etc. to laser channel, thereby protected forming device 1 not contaminated, effectively improved the printing precision of part 100, the printing quality of part 100 has been guaranteed.

Further, the air blowing device 2 further includes a blowing pipe 22, the plurality of blowing ports 21 are respectively communicated with the blowing pipe 22, and the blowing pipe 22 distributes the air to the plurality of blowing ports 21. In this embodiment, the blowing pipe 22 is set to be one, and the plurality of blowing ports 21 are communicated with the same blowing pipe 22, so that the device has a simple structure, and the device cost is saved. Of course, in other embodiments, the plurality of blowpipes 22 may be provided in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of blowports 21, or two or more adjacent blowports 21 may be communicated with one blowpipe 22 to jointly form the plurality of blowpipes 22.

In order to expand the range of the operation area of the air blowing port 21 as much as possible, the air blowing port 21 extends in the horizontal direction, is elongated, and has a width close to the width of the forming apparatus 1, and the air blowing ports 21 are arranged in the vertical direction in sequence and uniformly.

A blowing partition plate is provided in the blowing port 21, and the blowing partition plate partitions the blowing port 21 into a plurality of blowing holes. In this embodiment, the cross section of blowhole is regular hexagon, and the whole honeycombed shape that is of mouth 21 of blowing, this structural shape rule can guarantee that the mouth 21 air output of blowing is even, avoids appearing the too big or undersize condition of local area amount of wind. Of course, in other embodiments, the blowholes may have other shapes, such as square, circular, etc.

Similar to the structure of the blowing device 2, the air suction device 3 further includes an air suction pipe 32, the plurality of air suction ports 31 are respectively communicated with the air suction pipe 32, and the smoke, the residue and the like absorbed by the plurality of air suction ports 31 are discharged from the air suction pipe 32. In this embodiment, one air suction pipe 32 is provided, and the plurality of air suction ports 31 are communicated with the same air suction pipe 32, so as to save the equipment cost. In other embodiments, the number of the air suction pipes 32 may be multiple according to actual needs.

In order to expand the working area range of the air suction opening 31 as much as possible, the air suction opening 31 extends along the horizontal direction and is in a long strip shape, the width of the air suction opening is close to the width of the forming device 1, and meanwhile, the air suction openings 31 are sequentially and uniformly distributed in the vertical direction.

An air suction division plate is arranged in the air suction opening 31 and divides the air suction opening 31 into a plurality of air suction holes. The shape of the air suction hole can be square, round and the like.

Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the blowing holes is smaller than that of the suction holes, so that when wind is distributed from the blowing pipe 22 to each blowing port 21, the blowing holes with small apertures can increase the wind volume, thereby ensuring enough wind force to blow the smoke, residue and the like in the forming device 1 to the direction of the suction ports 31, and the suction ports 31 can effectively suck the smoke, residue and the like through the suction holes with large apertures. Meanwhile, the plurality of air blowing openings 21 and the plurality of air suction openings 31 are arranged in a one-to-one opposite mode in the same vertical direction, the distance of an air flow channel is favorably shortened, the air flow of the whole wind field is uniform, even in multi-laser selective laser melting equipment for large-plane printing, smoke dust, residues and the like can be effectively discharged in time, and the quality of the large-plane printing part 100 is guaranteed.

As shown in fig. 2, the molding device 1 includes an optical path system 11, a molding platform 12 and a molding chamber, the molding chamber is disposed in the molding chamber, the optical path system 11 is located outside the molding chamber, laser emitted from the optical path system 11 penetrates through a laser channel and enters the molding chamber, and the molding platform 12 is located on a bottom surface of the molding chamber and is used for bearing the part 100.

Specifically, the optical path system 11 includes a plurality of lasers 111, a plurality of scanning mirrors 112, and a plurality of protective mirrors 113, the plurality of protective mirrors 113 are respectively installed in the laser channels for protecting the scanning mirrors 112 from being contaminated by the smoke generated during the printing process, the plurality of lasers 111 are energy output ends of the selective laser melting device and are configured to emit a plurality of laser beams, the plurality of scanning mirrors 112 control the deflection of the plurality of laser beams in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the plurality of laser beams transmit the plurality of protective mirrors 113 through the plurality of scanning mirrors 112 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

The forming table 12 includes a powder bed 121 and a doctor blade 122, the powder bed 121 being configured to carry powder, the doctor blade 122 being configured to transport and spread the powder onto the powder bed 121. The cooperating working steps and principles of the powder bed 121 and the scraper 122 are conventional in the art and will not be described in further detail herein.

When the device is used for printing, the multi-laser 111 emits a plurality of laser beams, the laser beams are correspondingly irradiated on the scanning galvanometers 112, the scanning galvanometers 112 control the laser beams to deflect in a specified direction, the laser beams are finally irradiated on the powder bed 121 to sinter metal powder on the powder bed 121, then the powder is spread layer by layer on the powder bed 121 through the scraper 122, and the metal powder is melted, solidified and accumulated from point to surface and from surface to body to form the three-dimensional solid part 100.

In this embodiment, the multi-laser 111 can emit two laser beams and irradiate two scanning mirrors 112 correspondingly, the two scanning mirrors 112 control the two laser beams to deflect in a predetermined direction, and the two scanning mirrors 112 are provided with two protective mirrors 113.

Furthermore, a large amount of smoke and residues can be generated by laser sintering of the metal powder, and at the moment, the plurality of air blowing openings 21 and the plurality of air suction openings 31 which are positioned at the upper part of the forming cavity are mutually matched to form an upper layer airflow channel of the forming cavity, so that the smoke and the dust in the upper space of the forming cavity are mainly removed, and the smoke and the dust are prevented from being attached to the protective mirror 113 to pollute the protective mirror 113; the air blowing openings 21 and the air suction openings 31 which are positioned at the lower part of the forming cavity are mutually matched to form a lower layer airflow channel of the forming cavity, and the lower layer airflow channel is mainly used for removing smoke dust and residues in the space at the lower part of the forming cavity and preventing the smoke dust and the residues from falling on the surface of the powder bed 121 to influence the printing quality of the part 100.

In this embodiment, the two air blowing openings 21 correspond to the two air suction openings 31 one by one, and one air blowing opening 21 and one air suction opening 31 located at the upper part of the forming cavity form an upper layer airflow channel of the forming cavity, and one air blowing opening 21 and one air suction opening 31 located at the lower part of the forming cavity form a lower layer airflow channel of the forming cavity.

Furthermore, the airflow intensity of the upper airflow channel and the airflow intensity of the lower airflow channel can be set to be different, for example, the airflow intensity of the upper airflow channel is set to be larger, so that the smoke above the forming cavity can be pressed down, the smoke is prevented from floating upwards to pollute the protective mirror 113, and the smoke in the upper space of the forming cavity can be removed more quickly; set up the air current intensity of lower floor's air current passageway for littleer, can avoid the powder of powder bed 121 also to be taken away on the basis of effectively cleaing away the smoke and dust and the residue that become die cavity below laser sintering produced, maintain the stability of shaping platform 12.

It is obvious that the above embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, rearrangements and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Selective laser melting apparatus, comprising:

the forming device comprises a forming device (1), wherein a forming cavity is arranged in the forming device (1), a laser channel is arranged at the top of the forming cavity, and a part (100) is formed on the bottom surface of the forming cavity;

the blowing device (2) is arranged on the side wall of the forming device (1), the blowing device (2) comprises a plurality of blowing openings (21), and the blowing openings (21) are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction;

the air suction device (3) is arranged on the side wall of the forming device (1) and is opposite to the air blowing device (2), and the air suction device (3) comprises a plurality of air suction openings (31) which are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction.

2. The selective laser melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the blowing device (2) further includes a blowpipe (22), and the plurality of blowports (21) are respectively communicated with the blowpipe (22).

3. The selective laser melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the blow port (21) extends in a horizontal direction and is of a long strip shape.

4. The selective laser melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a blowing divider plate is provided in the blowing port (21), the blowing divider plate dividing the blowing port (21) into a plurality of blowing holes.

5. The selective laser melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air suction device (3) further comprises an air suction pipe (32), and the plurality of air suction ports (31) are respectively communicated with the air suction pipe (32).

6. The selective laser melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air suction opening (31) extends in a horizontal direction and is elongated.

7. The selective laser melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a suction partition plate is provided in the suction opening (31), the suction partition plate dividing the suction opening (31) into a plurality of suction holes.

8. The selective laser melting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the forming device (1) comprises a light path system (11), a forming platform (12) and a forming chamber, the forming chamber is disposed in the forming chamber, the light path system (11) is located outside the forming chamber, the laser emitted from the light path system (11) is emitted into the forming chamber through the laser channel, and the forming platform (12) is located on a bottom surface of the forming chamber and is used for carrying the part (100).

9. The selective laser melting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the optical path system (11) includes a multi-laser (111), a plurality of scanning galvanometers (112), and a plurality of protective mirrors (113), the plurality of protective mirrors (113) are respectively installed in the laser channels, the multi-laser (111) is configured to emit a plurality of laser beams, the plurality of scanning galvanometers (112) control deflection of the plurality of laser beams in a one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of laser beams transmit the plurality of protective mirrors (113) in a one-to-one correspondence through the plurality of scanning galvanometers (112).

10. The selective laser melting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the shaping platform (12) comprises a powder bed (121) and a doctor blade (122), the powder bed (121) being configured to carry powder, the doctor blade (122) being configured to transport and spread the powder onto the powder bed (121).