CN218824615U

CN218824615U - Lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor

Info

Publication number: CN218824615U
Application number: CN202223027887.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许克宇; 武斌; 许宙; 赵俊
Original assignee: Shenzhen Meisi Xianrui Electronic Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Meisi Xianrui Electronic Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-11-15
Filing date: 2022-11-15
Publication date: 2023-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2032-11-15

Abstract

The utility model discloses a lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor, which comprises an upper cover, a sensor module and a lower cover, wherein the upper cover and the lower cover are assembled and connected to form a main body, and the sensor module is arranged in the main body; the single chip microcomputer controller is respectively electrically connected with the particulate matter sensor, the carbon dioxide sensor, the temperature sensor, the AQS sensor and the pressure sensor. The utility model discloses a lithium cell thermal runaway early warning composite sensor through the structure who improves sensor device, utilizes to set up and effectively judges whether take place the thermal runaway in the inside single chip microcomputer controller of sensor, realizes the particulate matter, and carbon dioxide, methane, temperature, AQS, pressure combination monitoring for the data that the integration combines a plurality of physical sensors can improve monitoring speed, helps reducing the uncertainty of perception in-process, reduces the misstatement rate.

Description

Lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a sensor technical field, concretely relates to lithium cell thermal runaway early warning composite sensor.

Background

With the popularization of new energy automobiles, batteries are more and more widely applied, wherein lithium ion batteries have the characteristic of high energy density, but the electrode potential is most negative, and lithium has the strongest metal activity in known elements including radioactive elements, so the lithium ion batteries have incomparable advantages compared with other batteries due to the physical and chemical properties of the lithium ion batteries, and meanwhile, have small potential safety hazards. During the use process, the occurrence of thermal runaway needs to be prevented. The thermal runaway phenomenon, and its intensity, is related to the size, configuration, and number of battery cells of the battery. The cause may be overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit, high temperature, extrusion, impact, etc. The propagation process is extremely rapid, and the battery pack which is extremely easy to cause thermal runaway is easily ignited, even explodes and is natural, so that the life safety of personnel is directly threatened.

The current common monitoring modes comprise voltage, smoke, temperature, pressure and expansion force. Wherein, the pressure monitoring mode is relatively mature. Since the pressure signature is very distinct during thermal runaway. When a single battery is out of control due to heat, the temperature is increased along with the temperature, the pressure in the whole battery pack can be rapidly increased, when the pressure in the battery pack is greater than the external pressure to a certain value, the explosion-proof valve of the battery pack can be opened instantly to release the internal pressure, and serious explosion accidents are prevented. However, in the existing scheme, the pressure sensors are all arranged near the explosion-proof valve of the battery pack, when the thermal runaway of the battery core occurs, the battery core which is at the beginning to generate the thermal runaway is random, the arranged sensors are too far away, the monitoring speed is influenced, the error is large, and the precision is not high.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The present invention aims at solving at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. Therefore, the utility model provides a lithium cell thermal runaway early warning composite sensor through the structure construction who improves lithium cell thermal runaway early warning composite sensor, detects through the combination and has improved detection speed.

The utility model adopts the technical proposal that:

a lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor comprises an upper cover, a sensor module and a lower cover, wherein the upper cover and the lower cover are assembled and connected to form a main body, and the sensor module is arranged inside the main body; the sensor module comprises a PCB (printed circuit board), wherein a particulate matter sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a methane sensor, a temperature sensor and an AQS (air quality monitoring) sensor are arranged on one surface of the PCB, and a pressure sensor and a single chip microcomputer controller are arranged on the other surface of the PCB; the single chip microcomputer controller is respectively electrically connected with the particulate matter sensor, the carbon dioxide sensor, the temperature sensor, the AQS sensor and the pressure sensor.

In some embodiments, the upper cover is provided with a first air hole and a second air hole.

In some embodiments, the lower cover is provided with a third air hole and a fourth air hole.

In some embodiments, the sensor module further comprises an interface disposed at one end of the PCB circuit board.

In some embodiments, the particle sensor includes a photodiode and a photoreceiver with a first lens and a second lens disposed therebetween.

In some embodiments, the particle sensor further comprises a first shutter plate disposed in correspondence with the photodiode.

In some embodiments, the particulate matter sensor further includes a second shutter disposed in correspondence with the photoelectric receiver.

In some embodiments, the methane sensor module is a semiconductor compound gas sensor or a thermopile gas sensor or a pyroelectric gas sensor or a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor.

In some embodiments, the temperature sensor is an NTC sensor or a thermopile sensor or a pyroelectric sensor.

In some embodiments, the PCB circuit board has an alignment hole formed thereon, and the alignment hole is disposed corresponding to the fourth air hole.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a lithium cell thermal runaway early warning composite sensor through the structure who improves sensor device, utilizes to set up and effectively judges whether take place the thermal runaway in the inside single chip microcomputer controller of sensor, realizes the particulate matter, carbon dioxide, methane, temperature, AQS, pressure combination monitoring for the data that the integration combines a plurality of physical sensor can improve monitoring speed, helps reducing the uncertainty of perception in-process, reduces the misstatement rate.

Drawings

In order to more clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be described below.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is an explosion diagram of a lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor module in a lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of a sensor module in a lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals:

1. an upper cover; 101. a first air hole; 102. a second air hole; 2. a PCB circuit board; 201. a photodiode; 202. a first lens; 203. a second lens; 204. a photoelectric receiver; 205. a first light shielding plate; 206. a second light shielding plate; 207. a carbon dioxide sensor; 208. a methane sensor; 209. a temperature sensor; 210. an interface; 211. an AQS sensor; 212. a pressure sensor; 213. a single chip controller; 214. aligning holes; 3. a lower cover; 301. a third air hole; 302. and a fourth air hole.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.

The terms such as "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention are only used for distinguishing relevant technical features, and do not indicate the sequence. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances in order to facilitate the description of the embodiments of the application herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "middle", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.

Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.

Furthermore, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "secured" are to be construed broadly. For example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components.

Electric motor car battery package takes place thermal runaway, and inside a large amount of heats and the gas of producing of its single electric core, in sealed battery package space, along with heat and the gaseous continuous accumulation of a large amount of effusions, internal pressure constantly increases thereupon, finally leads to the battery package shell to break, and a large amount of heats and gas are followed and erupt out, and adjacent electric core also can be infected rapidly, the thermal runaway appears in succession. The propagation process is extremely rapid, and the battery pack is extremely easy to cause fire or even explosion due to thermal runaway, so that the life safety of personnel is directly threatened. The safety problem of lithium cell is solved, can have very big promotion to the security of car, ensures to provide reliable alarm signal before dangerous the emergence. The common monitoring modes include voltage, smoke, temperature and pressure. Wherein, the pressure monitoring mode is relatively mature. Since the pressure signature is very distinct during thermal runaway. When a single battery is out of control due to heat, along with temperature rise and gas eruption, the pressure in the whole battery pack can rise rapidly, and when the pressure in the battery pack is greater than the external pressure to a certain value, an explosion-proof valve of the battery pack can be opened instantly to release the internal pressure, so that serious explosion accidents are prevented.

The existing monitoring modes comprise voltage, smoke, temperature, pressure and expansive force. Wherein, the pressure monitoring mode is relatively mature. Since the pressure signature is very distinct during thermal runaway. When a single battery is out of control due to heat, along with temperature rise and gas eruption, the pressure in the whole battery pack can be rapidly increased, and when the pressure in the battery pack is greater than the external pressure to a certain value, the explosion-proof valve of the battery pack can be opened instantly to release the internal pressure, so that serious explosion accidents are prevented. However, in the existing scheme, the pressure sensors are all arranged near the explosion-proof valve of the battery pack, when the thermal runaway of the battery core occurs, the battery core which is at the beginning to generate the thermal runaway is random, the arranged sensors are too far away, the monitoring speed is influenced, the error is large, and the precision is not high. Moreover, the single monitoring principle has the risk of false alarm and is easily interfered by the environment.

Embodiments of the present invention aim to address one or more of the above problems.

Examples

The embodiment of the utility model provides a lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor, as shown in fig. 1-4, which comprises an upper cover 1, a sensor module and a lower cover 3, wherein the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 3 are assembled and connected to form a main body, and the sensor module is arranged inside the main body; the sensor module comprises a PCB (printed circuit board) 2, a particulate matter sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor 207, a methane sensor 208, a temperature sensor 209 and an AQS sensor 211 are arranged on one surface of the PCB 2, and a pressure sensor 212 and a singlechip controller 213 are arranged on the other surface of the PCB 2; the single chip microcomputer controller 213 is respectively electrically connected with the particulate matter sensor, the carbon dioxide sensor 207, the temperature sensor 209, the AQS sensor 211 and the pressure sensor 212. The upper cover 1 and the lower cover 3 mainly play a role in protecting the internal structure of the sensor and are matched with the model of the used battery cell. The sensor module is mainly divided into two parts, namely a particulate matter sensor module and a sensor circuit module; the particulate matter sensor module can be used for monitoring the change of the concentration of particulate matters in the Battery pack, the sensor circuit module can be used for detecting the change of pressure and temperature in the Battery pack, the conditions of the concentration of the particulate matters, carbon dioxide, methane, temperature, AQS and pressure change are judged through a built-in algorithm of the single chip microcomputer controller 213, and once preset conditions are triggered, an alarm signal is given to an external BMS (Battery Management System, chinese: battery Management System) through interruption.

The integral structure of the sensor is matched with the size of the used battery core model.

In this embodiment, the upper cover 1 has a first air hole 101 and a second air hole 102, and the lower cover 3 has a third air hole 301 and a fourth air hole 302. Wherein the third air hole 301 may be an air pressure hole of the pressure sensor 212 and the fourth air hole 302 may be a convection air hole of the particulate matter.

Therefore, the particle sensor module is positioned inside the sensor module and above the sensor module circuit board, and the upper cover 1 or the lower cover 3 is provided with an air hole communicated with the sensor.

Further, the carbon dioxide sensor 207 module is located inside the sensor module, and is located on the sensor module circuit board, and the upper cover 1 or the lower cover 3 has air holes to communicate with the sensor.

Further, the methane sensor 208 module is located inside the sensor module, above the sensor module circuit board, and the upper cover 1 or the lower cover 3 has air holes to communicate with the sensor.

Further, the temperature sensor 209 module is located inside the sensor module, is located on the back of the sensor module circuit board, and is set to be an island PCB board mode to reduce interference of other environmental conditions to the sensor.

Further, the temperature sensor 209 module is located inside the sensor module, above the sensor module circuit board, and the housing has air holes to communicate with the sensor.

Further, the pressure sensor 212 module is located inside the sensor module, and is located on the back of the sensor module circuit board, and the upper cover 1 or the lower cover 3 has air holes to communicate with the sensor.

More specifically, the gas sensor in the carbon dioxide sensor 207 module has a variety of principle structures, and may be a semiconductor compound gas sensor, a thermopile gas sensor, a pyroelectric gas sensor, or a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor.

More specifically, the gas sensor in the methane sensor 208 module has a variety of principle structures, and may be a semiconductor compound gas sensor, a thermopile gas sensor, a pyroelectric gas sensor, or a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor.

More specifically, the gas sensor principle structure in the AQS sensor 211 module has diversity, and can be a semiconductor compound gas sensor, a thermopile gas sensor, a pyroelectric gas sensor, or a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor.

More specifically, the pressure sensor 212 in the pressure sensor 212 module has a variety of principle structures, and may be a piezoresistive pressure sensor 212, a capacitive pressure sensor 212, or a resonant pressure sensor 212.

More specifically, the signal interface 210 is connected to the interface 210 to facilitate communication of the BMS system.

In this embodiment, the sensor module further includes an interface 210, the interface 210 is disposed at one end of the PCB 2, and the interface 210 is mainly used for transmitting data and supplying power to the sensor module.

In the present embodiment, the particle sensor includes a photodiode 201 and a photoreceptor 204, and a first lens 202 and a second lens 203 are installed between the photodiode 201 and the photoreceptor 204.

In the present embodiment, the particle sensor further includes a first light shielding plate 205, and the first light shielding plate 205 is disposed corresponding to the photodiode 201.

In the present embodiment, the particulate matter sensor further includes a second light shielding plate 206, and the second light shielding plate 206 is disposed corresponding to the photoelectric receiver 204. In this way, the particle concentration change is detected by the light path scattering principle, and the particle concentration change is used for monitoring the change of the particulate matter concentration in the battery pack in real time and sending the monitored particulate matter concentration value to the single chip microcomputer controller 213.

The carbon dioxide sensor 207 is used for monitoring the change of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the battery pack in real time and sending the monitored concentration value to the single chip microcomputer controller 213; the methane sensor 208 is used for monitoring the change of the methane concentration in the battery pack in real time and sending the monitored concentration value to the single chip microcomputer controller 213; the temperature sensor 209 is used for monitoring the change of the internal temperature of the battery pack in real time, sending the monitored temperature value to the single chip microcomputer controller 213, the AQS sensor 211 is used for monitoring the change of the gas concentration from the battery escape number in real time, sending the monitored concentration value to the single chip microcomputer controller 213, the pressure sensor 212 is used for monitoring the change of the internal pressure of the battery pack in real time, and sending the monitored pressure value to the single chip microcomputer controller 213; the single chip controller 213 judges whether thermal runaway occurs or not by means of an internal algorithm; the interface 210 communicates and is electrically connected to an external BMS.

In the present embodiment, the methane sensor 208 module is a semiconductor compound gas sensor or a thermopile gas sensor or a pyroelectric gas sensor or a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor.

In the present embodiment, the temperature sensor 209 is an NTC sensor or a thermopile sensor or a pyroelectric sensor.

In this embodiment, the PCB 2 is provided with an alignment hole 214, and the alignment hole 214 corresponds to the fourth air hole 302.

The shape, structure and size of the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 3 are not limited to a single size, and can be changed into other size and structure.

The temperature sensor 209 may be an NTC temperature sensor 209, or may be a temperature sensor 209 module compensated by a signal processing circuit.

The pressure sensor 212 may be a pressure sensor 212 integrated with a conditioning chip, or may be a digital sensor module compensated by a signal processing circuit.

The interface 210 is not limited to a six-core port, but may be a four-core.

The communication mode of the sensor is not unique, and the sensor CAN be compatible with mainstream communication protocols on the market, such as CAN, lin and PWM.

The gas sensor principle structure in the carbon dioxide sensor 207 module has diversity, and can be a semiconductor compound gas sensor, a thermopile gas sensor, a pyroelectric gas sensor, or a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor.

The gas sensor in the methane sensor 208 module has a variety of principle structures, and can be a semiconductor compound gas sensor, a thermopile gas sensor, a pyroelectric gas sensor, or a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor.

The temperature sensor 209 in the temperature sensor 209 module has a variety of principle structures, and can be an NTC temperature sensor 209, a thermopile temperature sensor 209 and a pyroelectric temperature sensor 209.

The gas sensor principle structure in the AQS sensor 211 module has diversity, and can be a semiconductor compound gas sensor, a thermopile gas sensor, a pyroelectric gas sensor, or a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor.

The pressure sensor 212 in the pressure sensor 212 module has various principle structures, and can be a piezoresistive pressure sensor 212, a capacitive pressure sensor 212 or a resonant pressure sensor 212.

When thermal runaway occurs, the temperature of a battery core rises suddenly, gas escapes are generated inside, smoke is generated, and meanwhile the internal pressure of the battery pack can be increased sharply, an all-in-one sensor located inside the battery pack can rapidly monitor the temperature rise of the battery pack, the gas concentration change and the pressure change are judged whether thermal runaway occurs or not by means of an internal algorithm of a single chip microcomputer controller, multiple times of thermal runaway experimental test data are utilized, the single chip microcomputer controller is trained in a deep learning mode, data of a plurality of physical sensors are combined in a fusion mode, the uncertainty in the sensing process is reduced, the false alarm rate is reduced, once preset program conditions are triggered in the early stage, an alarm signal is given to a BMS, and timely and effective monitoring is performed on the thermal runaway of single batteries in the pack.

The monitoring of the particulate matter, carbon dioxide, methane, temperature, AQS and pressure is combined, so that the corresponding monitoring speed can be improved;

by designing a six-in-one multi-aspect monitoring sensor, whether thermal runaway occurs or not is effectively judged by utilizing an algorithm of a single chip microcomputer controller in the sensor.

The singlechip controller is trained by utilizing multiple times of thermal runaway experiment test data and adopting a deep learning mode, so that data of a plurality of physical sensors are combined in a fusion mode, uncertainty in a perception process is reduced, and a false alarm rate is reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a lithium cell thermal runaway early warning combined sensor through the structure who improves sensor device, utilizes to set up and effectively judges whether take place the thermal runaway in the inside single chip microcomputer controller of sensor, realizes the particulate matter, carbon dioxide, methane, temperature, AQS, pressure combination monitoring for the data that the integration combines a plurality of physical sensor can improve monitoring speed, helps reducing the nondeterminacy of perception in-process, reduces the wrong report rate.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The early warning composite sensor for the thermal runaway of the lithium battery is characterized by comprising an upper cover (1), a sensor module and a lower cover (3), wherein the upper cover (1) and the lower cover (3) are assembled and connected to form a main body, and the sensor module is arranged in the main body;

the sensor module comprises a PCB (printed circuit board) (2), wherein a particulate matter sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor (207), a methane sensor (208), a temperature sensor (209) and an AQS sensor (211) are arranged on one surface of the PCB (2), and a pressure sensor (212) and a single chip microcomputer controller (213) are arranged on the other surface of the PCB (2); and the single chip microcomputer controller (213) is respectively electrically connected with the particulate matter sensor, the carbon dioxide sensor (207), the temperature sensor (209), the AQS sensor (211) and the pressure sensor (212).

2. The lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper cover (1) is provided with a first air hole (101) and a second air hole (102).

3. The lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor of claim 1, wherein the lower cover (3) is provided with a third air hole (301) and a fourth air hole (302).

4. The lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor module further comprises an interface (210), and the interface (210) is provided at one end of the PCB (2).

5. The lithium battery thermal runaway early warning compound sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the particulate matter sensor comprises a photodiode (201) and a photoelectric receiver (204), and a first lens (202) and a second lens (203) are arranged between the photodiode (201) and the photoelectric receiver (204).

6. The lithium battery thermal runaway early warning compound sensor of claim 5, further comprising a first light shielding plate (205), wherein the first light shielding plate (205) is disposed corresponding to the photodiode (201).

7. The lithium battery thermal runaway early warning compound sensor of claim 6, wherein the particulate matter sensor further comprises a second light shielding plate (206), and the second light shielding plate (206) is arranged corresponding to the photoelectric receiver (204).

8. The lithium battery thermal runaway pre-warning composite sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the methane sensor (208) module is a semiconductor compound gas sensor or a thermopile gas sensor or a pyroelectric gas sensor or a photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensor.

9. The early warning composite sensor for thermal runaway of lithium battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the temperature sensor (209) is an NTC sensor or a thermopile sensor or a pyroelectric sensor.

10. The lithium battery thermal runaway early warning composite sensor of claim 3, wherein the PCB circuit board (2) is provided with a registration hole (214), and the registration hole (214) and the fourth air hole (302) are correspondingly arranged.