CN218815852U - Door and window hinge and door and window - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a door and window hinge and door and window, including window frame bottom plate, casement bottom plate, pull rod, cantilever and mount pad, the casement bottom plate is fixed on the mount pad, the both ends of cantilever respectively with window frame bottom plate, mount pad are articulated, be equipped with location structure between window frame bottom plate and the mount pad, the window frame bottom plate includes central line an, the cantilever is pin joint A with the pin joint of window frame bottom plate, the cantilever is pin joint B with the pin joint of mount pad, pin joint A is sharp B with pin joint B line, line B is alpha with central line a's contained angle, wherein alpha > 5. The utility model discloses an optimize the articulated position of cantilever for line between two pin joints of cantilever and the contained angle between the central line of window frame bottom plate are greater than 0 all the time, make the casement more stable, in the initial stage of opening moreover, have avoided the possibility of bumping between the location structure.

Description

Door and window hinge and door and window

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a door and window field, especially hinge that door and window was used.

Background

The existing aluminum alloy doors and windows can be divided into the following steps according to the opening mode: flat-open, split, push-pull, folding, top-hung, evagination, etc., wherein the better comprehensive performance is the flat-open window. Meanwhile, in order to improve the heat insulation performance of doors and windows, most of the existing casement windows adopt heat insulation broken bridge profiles and hollow glass. The casement window is opened and closed by installing the hardware hinge in the opening process.

The existing door and window hinge generally adopts a hinge with a four-bar structure, and comprises a window frame bottom plate, a window sash bottom plate, a pull rod and a cantilever, wherein two ends of the pull rod and the cantilever are respectively hinged with the window frame bottom plate and the window sash bottom plate. When the window sash is closed, the window frame bottom plate and the window sash bottom plate are basically parallel to each other, the cantilever is a main stressed member of the window sash, at the moment, a connecting line of two hinged points of the cantilever is also approximately parallel to a center line of the window frame bottom plate, so that the window sash is in an unstable state when being closed, and positioning grooves on the window sash bottom plate are easily scratched to positioning columns on the window frame bottom plate in the initial stage of opening and the final stage of closing of the window sash.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is: it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a door and window hinge, which solves one or more of the problems of the prior art, and at least provides a useful alternative or creation.

The utility model provides a solution of its technical problem is: the door and window hinge comprises a window frame bottom plate, a window sash bottom plate, a pull rod, a cantilever and a mounting seat, wherein the window sash bottom plate is fixed on the mounting seat, two ends of the cantilever are respectively hinged with the window frame bottom plate and the mounting seat, a positioning structure is arranged between the window frame bottom plate and the mounting seat, the window frame bottom plate comprises a central line a, a hinge point A of the cantilever and the window frame bottom plate is a hinge point A, the hinge point B of the cantilever and the mounting seat is a hinge point, a connecting line of the hinge point A and the hinge point B is a straight line B, and an included angle between the connecting line B and the central line a is alpha, wherein alpha is larger than 5 deg.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are that: the utility model discloses an optimize the articulated position of cantilever for the contained angle between the line between two pin joints of cantilever and the central line of window frame bottom plate is greater than 0 throughout, thereby makes the casement under the state of closing, keep certain angle between the central line of cantilever and the central line of window frame bottom plate, make the casement more stable, in the initial stage of opening moreover, the direction that the casement bottom plate removed and the angle of the central line an of window frame bottom plate are less than 90, have avoided the possibility of bumping between the location structure.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the hinge point a is located inside the center line a.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the sash bottom plate includes a second center line, and the hinge point B is located outside the second center line.

By optimizing the positions of the two hinge points, the included angle alpha between the connecting line between the hinge points A and B and the central line a is larger, and the larger the angle alpha is, the more stable the window sash is when being closed.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the positioning structure includes a positioning column and a positioning groove, the positioning column is disposed on the central line a of the window frame bottom plate, and the positioning groove is disposed on the end surface of the mounting seat. Through setting up the reference column on central line a, can be so that the atress of casement is more even, and the structure is simple compact more.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, one end of the pull rod is hinged to the window frame bottom plate, the window frame further comprises a slide rod, a slide groove is arranged on the pull rod, the slide groove extends along the length direction of the pull rod, one end of the slide rod is hinged to the window frame bottom plate, and the other end of the slide rod is connected to the slide groove.

This application is through having set up the spout on the pull rod to make can not set up corresponding sliding structure on the window frame bottom plate, avoided the dust to gather on the window frame bottom plate, simultaneously because the pull rod can stretch out outside the window when using, so even be afraid of the spout collection dirt, also clear up more easily.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a hinge point of the pull rod and the window frame bottom plate is located outside a center line a of the window frame bottom plate. The hinged position of the pull rod is closer to the outer side, the movement track of the window sash bottom plate is more reasonable, and the possibility of collision and interference between the window sash and the window frame is lower in the movement process.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the window frame bottom plate includes a base section and a support section, the support section has a width greater than that of the base section, and the hinge point a is disposed on the support section. During the use process of the hinge, the cantilever is a main stressed component, and the closer the hinge point of the cantilever is to the inner side, the longer the service life of the hinge is. Simultaneously, the width of the supporting section is increased, so that the cantilever can be supported more, and the bearing capacity of the hinge is improved.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, a limiting column is arranged on the window frame bottom plate and is close to the cantilever. Through setting up spacing post, can restrict the biggest opening angle of hinge.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the limiting column and the window frame bottom plate are eccentrically arranged. Because the spacing post is eccentrically installed, the opening and closing angle of the hinge can be adjusted by rotating the position of the spacing post.

And simultaneously, the utility model also provides a door and window, including window frame and casement, the casement passes through foretell door and window hinge with the window frame and articulates. After the door and window with the door and window hinge is adopted, the window sash can be closed more stably, and the window sash is opened and closed more smoothly.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is clear that the described figures represent only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments, and that a person skilled in the art, without inventive effort, can also derive other designs and figures from them.

Fig. 1 is a partial front view of the door hinge according to the present invention in a folded state;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a front view of the door hinge according to the present invention in an opened state;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of FIG. 3;

fig. 5 is a front view of the door hinge according to the present invention in a folded state.

Detailed Description

The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, so that the objects, features, and effects of the present invention can be fully understood. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive labor based on the embodiments of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the attached drawings, which are used to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with figures, so that one can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the whole technical solution of the present invention, but they cannot be understood as the limitation of the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated with respect to the orientation description, such as up, down, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, a plurality of means are one or more, a plurality of means are two or more, and the terms greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the number, and the terms greater than, less than, within, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.

In the description of the present invention, unless there is an explicit limitation, the words such as setting, installation, connection, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in combination with the specific contents of the technical solution. Meanwhile, all technical characteristics in the invention can be interactively combined on the premise of not conflicting with each other.

The utility model provides a door and window hinge for flat-open window, the door and window hinge of this application is used for connecting window frame and casement for the casement can be opened by the relative window frame upset. The flat-open window mainly used by the door and window hinge is an aluminum profile door and window with a heat insulation broken bridge. Because the insulating bridge-cut-off door and window basically uses hollow glass, the total weight of the window sash is larger. When the hinge is used, the weight of a window sash and wind pressure need to be borne, so that the strength requirement on the hinge is high, and the traditional hinge cannot meet the use requirement. Therefore, in the prior art, a door and window hinge of a four-bar structure appears, and the door and window hinge of the four-bar structure not only can obtain a larger opening angle, but also has strong load-carrying capacity, and has gradually become a mainstream side-hung window hinge.

However, in the existing casement window hinge, the central line of an important bearing cantilever is almost parallel to the central line of a window frame in the state that a window sash is closed, so that the state of the window sash is not stable enough in the closed state of the window sash, and the positioning structures of the hinge are easy to scratch.

Therefore, the application provides a door and window hinge, and it is through optimizing the four-bar linkage structure of hinge under the prerequisite that does not increase the cost for the mounting structure of cantilever is more reasonable, and the casement is more stable when closing, and the motion trail of the initial stage of opening and close of casement is more reasonable moreover, thereby avoids taking place between the location structure on the hinge motion interference problem.

Specifically, referring to fig. 1 to 5, the door and window hinge provided in this embodiment includes a frame bottom plate 100 for being fixed on a frame, a sash bottom plate 200 for being fixedly connected with a sash, and a pull rod 300, a sliding rod 400 and a cantilever 500 for rotatably connecting the frame bottom plate 100 and the sash bottom plate 200. In addition, the door and window hinge further includes a mounting seat 600 for mounting the window sash bottom plate 200. The end of the window frame bottom plate 100 is provided with a positioning column 110, the end of the mounting base 600 is provided with a positioning groove 610 matched with the positioning column 110, and the positioning column 110 and the positioning groove 610 form a positioning structure. Referring to fig. 1, when the window sash is in a closed state, the positioning column 110 is snapped into the positioning groove 610, so as to prevent the window sash from swinging inwards or outwards.

When the installation is performed, the pull rod 300, the slide rod 400 and the suspension arm 500 are respectively and sequentially installed on the window frame base plate 100 through rivets, wherein the length of the pull rod 300 is the largest, the length of the suspension arm 500 is the smallest, and the slide rod 400 is located between the pull rod 300 and the suspension arm 500. Then the other end of the sliding rod 400 is hinged on a sliding block 700, the pull rod 300 is provided with a sliding groove 310, and the sliding block 700 is connected with the sliding groove 310 in a sliding manner; and the cantilever 500 and the other end of the drawbar 300 are hinged to the mounting seat 600. Finally, the window sash bottom plate 200 is fixedly connected to the mounting seat 600. The general structure of the four-bar hinge is not much different from the prior art. However, the greatest innovation of the present door/window hinge is in improving the hinge position of the cantilever 500.

In the prior art, two hinge points of the cantilever 500 are respectively located on the center lines of the window frame bottom plate and the mounting seat, and when the window sash is closed, the center lines of the window frame bottom plate and the window sash bottom plate are substantially parallel, so that after the window sash is closed, the connecting line of the two hinge points of the cantilever is substantially parallel to the center line of the window frame bottom plate. This may cause the window sash to be unstable and easily swing in the closed state. In the initial stage of opening the window sash, the cantilever needs to swing, so that the positioning column and the positioning groove can move relative to each other in the vertical direction, and the window sash can be scratched.

In the present application, the hinged position of the boom is innovatively changed, thereby overcoming the above-mentioned disadvantages.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, it is assumed that the window frame bottom plate 100 includes a center line a, and the positioning column 110 on the window frame bottom plate 100 and the center point of the mounting hole are located on the center line a (due to machining errors, the actual product may deviate, but the protection scope of the present patent is not affected). The window sash bottom plate 200 includes a second center line c, where two first riveting holes 220 are formed on the second center line c, and three first riveting holes 220 are formed in the second center line c, where the circle centers of the window sash mounting hole 210 and the first riveting hole 220 are both located on the center line c (due to a machining error, an actual product may have a deviation, but the protection range of the present patent is not affected). Referring again to fig. 5, when the hinge is in the folded state, the centre lines of the frame bottom panel 100 and the sash bottom panel 200 substantially overlap, i.e. the centre line a and the second centre line c overlap in the hinge folded state.

Referring to fig. 1 again, it is assumed that the hinge point of the cantilever 500 and the window frame bottom plate 100 is a hinge point a, the hinge point of the cantilever 500 and the mounting base 600 is a hinge point B, the connection line between the hinge point a and the hinge point B is a straight line B, and the included angle between the connection line B and the central line a is α. The angle α varies with the action of the hinge, and in the state of fig. 1, i.e. when the hinge is folded, said angle α is at a minimum value, in this example, the angle α is about 9 °. When the hinge is opened, the included angle α increases continuously, and when the window sash bottom plate 200 is turned to the maximum angle, the included angle α also reaches the maximum value.

Compared with the prior art, when the hinge is in the folding state, alpha is close to 0 degrees, thereby causing various defects, and in the scheme, the minimum value of alpha is increased by changing the hinge position of the cantilever, so that the angle alpha is larger than 5 degrees even in the minimum state. Due to the fact that the angle alpha is increased compared with the angle in the prior art, when the window sash is in a closed state, a triangular structure is formed among the hinge point A, the hinge point B and the central point C of the positioning column. It is well known that the triangle shape has stability, so that the window sash is more stable and does not easily shake when the window sash is closed. In addition, when the window sash is opened, the moving direction between the window sash bottom plate and the window frame bottom plate is complementary to the included angle alpha, namely when the angle alpha is 9 degrees, the included angle between the direction of the window sash bottom plate and the window frame bottom plate for revealing movement and the central line a is 81 degrees. Therefore, interference between the positioning column 110 and the positioning groove 610 cannot occur, and the risk of scratching is reduced.

In this embodiment, in order to obtain a larger included angle α, the hinge point a is moved to the outside by moving the hinge point a to the inside, i.e. the hinge point a is located to the inside of the center line a. And the hinge point B is located outside the second centre line c. Of course, in some other embodiments, to obtain a larger included angle α, it is also possible to arrange the hinge point a closer to the center point C or to arrange the hinge point B further away from the center point C.

In order to support the hinge point B further to the outside with respect to the second center line c, the width of the mounting seat 600 is larger than that of the mounting seat of the prior art, but the width of the mounting seat 600 is limited by the door window profile and cannot be increased infinitely.

In the embodiment, the size of the included angle alpha is increased to the maximum extent in a limited space, so that after the hinge is applied, the window sash is more stable in a closed state. And when the hinge is locked and unfolded, the positioning column cannot scratch the positioning groove.

Meanwhile, practices prove that when the door and window hinge is applied to doors and windows, the sash can be closed more stably, the movement track of the sash is optimized, and the scraping and rubbing risks with a window frame are reduced when the sash is closed and opened. The door and window structure which is more beneficial to the built-in installation of the hinge.

In the existing casement window technology, the hinge is generally installed on a broken bridge section bar close to one side outdoors, but the external installation has the following problems that 1, the anti-theft performance is poor, the hinge is installed in a watertight cavity close to one side outdoors in a window frame, and a lawless person can easily disassemble the hinge from the outdoors to steal the hinge; 2. the hinge is arranged in a watertight cavity at one side of the window frame outside the room, so that the width of the broken bridge section bar close to the outside of the room is larger than that of the broken bridge section bar close to the inside of the room, and the heat insulation effect is poor; 3. the processing of hardware hole positions is inconvenient; 4. is not durable, and the hinge is arranged at one side close to the outdoor and is easy to be stained with water and rusted. In order to solve the problems of the casement window, at present, a technical scheme adopted by a plurality of manufacturers is to transfer the installation end of the hinge from a watertight cavity inside a window frame to an airtight cavity, namely, the installation of the built-in common hinge in the prior art. In order to avoid the rotation interference between the opening sash and the window frame caused by the change of the installation position of the hinge, manufacturers can extend the cantilever of the hinge, the technical scheme can lead the bearing force arm of the hinge to be longer, the hinge can bear higher pressure, after the casement window is used for a short period of time, the cantilever of the hinge can be pressed to deform downwards, the opening sash integrally descends, finally, the bottom of the opening sash is scraped to the transverse section at the bottom of the window frame when the opening sash rotates, the opening sash is unsmooth in opening and rotating, the opening sash is not closed tightly, and the waterproof and heat-insulating properties are reduced.

After the door and window hinge is adopted, the hinge point of the cantilever 500 is changed, so that the moving track of the window sash is optimized. Referring to fig. 3, the sash bottom plate 200 includes a second center line c, and both hinge points of the pull rod 300 and the cantilever 500 on the mount 600 are located outside the second center line c. Note that the outside here generally refers to the outdoors, i.e., the direction in which the window sash is opened.

By arranging the hinge point of the pull rod 300 and the cantilever 500 beyond the second center line c, the problem of scraping of the window sash and the window frame after the hinge is internally installed can be well solved. Assuming that the window sash is in a closed state, the lengths of the frame bottom plate 100, the sash bottom plate 200, the pull rod 300, the slide bar 400, and the cantilever 500 are substantially parallel. Then when the window sash needs to be opened, the window sash is pushed outwards with force, the pull rod 300, the slide rod 400 and the cantilever 500 can be relatively turned and moved under the action of the external force, and the pull rod 300 and the cantilever 500 are hinged on the mounting seat 600, and meanwhile, the initial positions of the pull rod 300 and the cantilever 500 are basically parallel, so that when the mounting seat 600 starts to move, the mounting seat 600 integrally swings outwards approximately horizontally under the combined action of the pull rod 300 and the cantilever 500, the window sash is separated from the window frame approximately horizontally, and the possibility that the edge of the window sash is scratched and rubbed with the edge of the window frame is avoided. Then, as the pull rod 300 and the suspension arm 500 are continuously turned, the relative phase difference between the pull rod 300 and the suspension arm 500 is increased, and the installation seat 600 drives the window sash bottom plate 200 to move outwards and simultaneously perform horizontal turning movement. Since the window sash is fixed to the window sash bottom plate 200, the movement locus of the window sash bottom plate 200 is also the movement locus of the window sash. In the scheme, the hinge point of the pull rod 300 and the cantilever 500 is located at the outer side of the second center line c of the window sash bottom plate 200, so that the movement track of the window sash is optimized in the initial stage of window opening of the pull rod 300 and the cantilever 500, the turning angle of the window sash is very small in the initial stage, the horizontal outward movement is mainly used, and the risk that the window sash is scratched to the window frame can be avoided. Of course, the door and window hinge can be applied to a structure of built-in installation and can be used for external installation.

Meanwhile, in the present embodiment, only the rivet structure is provided on the window frame base plate 100, and the sliding structure is not provided, and the sliding structure of the hinge is provided on the pull rod 300. Thus, the window frame bottom plate 100 can be easily cleaned of dust during use. The influence on the normal use of the hinge after dust is accumulated on the window frame bottom plate 100 is avoided. Since most of the pull rod 300 is protruded outdoors during the opening process, the sliding groove on the pull rod 300 is not easy to accumulate dust. And because the built-in mounting mode that this hinge adopted, rainwater also can not corrode the hinge, consequently, the life of hinge is longer.

Of course, in some other embodiments, the pull rod 300 and the window frame bottom plate 100 may be connected by a sliding structure, and the sliding rod 400 and the pull rod 300 are directly connected by a rivet. That is, a sliding groove or a guide rail is provided on the window frame base plate 100, and then a slider, to which one end of the pull rod 300 is hinged, is provided in the sliding groove or the guide rail.

Referring to fig. 3, in order to make the motion path of the window sash when being opened more desirable, as a further preferred embodiment, the hinge point of the pull rod 300 and the frame bottom plate 100 is located outside the centerline a of the frame bottom plate 100. And the hinge point of the slide bar 400 with the window frame bottom plate 100 is located on the center line a of the window frame bottom plate 100.

In addition, when the window sash is opened, the gravity of the window sash mainly acts on the cantilever 500, and in order to enhance the strength of the cantilever 500, the support area of the window frame bottom plate 100 to the cantilever 500 is increased, so that the effect of enhancing the strength of the cantilever 500 is achieved. To this end, first, the cantilever 500 is installed further to the inside, that is, the hinge point of the cantilever 500 with the window frame bottom plate 100 is disposed to the inside of the center line of the window frame bottom plate. Second, the width of the corresponding position of the window frame bottom plate 100 is increased. Referring to fig. 3, the window frame bottom plate 100 of the present embodiment includes a base section 101 having a rectangular shape as a whole, the pull rod 300 and the sliding rod 400 are hinged to the base section 101, and a supporting section 102 is disposed beside the base section 101. Of course, the base section 101 and the supporting section 102 are made of the same sheet metal piece, the width of the supporting section 102 is greater than that of the base section 101, and the cantilever 500 is mounted on the supporting section 102. Due to the greater width of the support section 102 and the more inward hinge mounting point of the cantilever 500, a greater part of the cantilever 500 is supported by the frame bottom plate 100 when the sash is opened outwards, so that the cantilever 500 has greater strength and the hinge has better load bearing capacity.

Furthermore, the wider support section 102 gives just enough installation space for installing the retaining structure.

The limiting structure is mainly used for limiting the opening angle of the window sash. However, the present embodiment can limit the opening angle of the window sash by limiting the swing angle of the suspension arm 500.

Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, a position-limiting column 800 is disposed on the supporting section 102, and the position-limiting column 800 is disposed beside the cantilever 500. When the cantilever 500 is turned outwards, the end surface of the cantilever 500 touches the limiting column 800, and then the cantilever 500 cannot be turned outwards continuously, so that the limiting effect is achieved.

In addition, in order to realize adjustable control of the opening angle of the window sash, in this embodiment, the limiting column 800 is eccentrically installed on the bottom plate 100 of the window frame. In this embodiment, the limiting column 800 is a regular hexagonal prism, and the edge of the limiting column is abutted against the end surface of the cantilever 500, so as to limit the position. Meanwhile, the position of the rotary limiting column 800 on the window frame bottom plate 100 is adjusted, so that different edges of the limiting column 800 are abutted to the end face of the cantilever 500, and the cantilever 500 obtains different adjustment angles. For example, as shown in fig. 3, the end surface of the position-limiting column 800 is far away from the hinge point of the cantilever 500, so that the cantilever 500 can obtain a larger rotation angle, and after the position-limiting column 800 rotates 180 °, the end surface of the position-limiting column 800 is closer to the cantilever 500, so that the rotation angle of the cantilever 500 can be reduced.

Further, as a preferred embodiment, the window sash bottom plate 200 includes a vertical side 201 and a horizontal side 202, and the vertical side and the horizontal side are perpendicular to each other. When the window sash is fixed, the vertical edge and the transverse edge are fixed on the window sash, so that the window sash is more tightly connected with the window sash bottom plate 200.

Further, in a preferred embodiment, one end of the mounting seat 600 is provided with a positioning groove 610, and a positioning column 110 is disposed on a corresponding side of the window frame bottom plate 100. By the cooperation of the positioning column 110 and the positioning groove 610, the window sash can be more firm and reliable after being closed.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the window sash bottom plate 200 and the mounting seat 600 are different sheet metal members, but in some other embodiments, the window sash bottom plate 200 may be integrally formed with the mounting seat 600. Namely, the same sheet metal part is adopted and processed by machining or precision casting and other modes.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments shown, but is capable of various modifications and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a door and window hinge, includes window frame bottom plate, casement bottom plate, pull rod, cantilever and mount pad, the casement bottom plate is fixed on the mount pad, the both ends of cantilever respectively with window frame bottom plate, mount pad are articulated, be equipped with location structure between window frame bottom plate and the mount pad, its characterized in that: the window frame bottom plate comprises a center line a, a hinge point A is formed at a hinge point of the cantilever and the window frame bottom plate, a hinge point B is formed at a hinge point of the cantilever and the mounting seat, a connecting line of the hinge point A and the hinge point B is a straight line B, an included angle between the straight line B and the center line a is alpha, and alpha is larger than 5 degrees.

2. The hinge for doors and windows according to claim 1, wherein: the hinge point a is located inside the center line a.

3. The hinge for doors and windows according to claim 1, wherein: the sash bottom plate comprises a second center line, and the hinge point B is positioned outside the second center line.

4. The hinge for doors and windows according to claim 1, wherein: the positioning structure comprises a positioning column and a positioning groove, the positioning column is arranged on a central line a of the window frame bottom plate, and the positioning groove is arranged on the end face of the mounting seat.

5. The hinge for doors and windows according to claim 1, wherein: the window frame is characterized in that one end of the pull rod is hinged to the window frame bottom plate, the window frame further comprises a slide rod, a slide groove is formed in the pull rod and extends along the length direction of the pull rod, one end of the slide rod is hinged to the window frame bottom plate, and the other end of the slide rod is connected with the slide groove.

6. The door and window hinge of claim 5, wherein: and the hinge point of the pull rod and the window frame bottom plate is positioned on the outer side of the central line a of the window frame bottom plate.

7. The door and window hinge according to claim 1, wherein: the window frame bottom plate includes basic section and support section, the width of support section is greater than the basic section, pin joint A sets up support section is last.

8. The hinge for doors and windows according to claim 1, wherein: the window frame bottom plate is provided with a limiting column, and the limiting column is close to the cantilever.

9. The door and window hinge according to claim 8, wherein: the limiting column and the window frame bottom plate are eccentrically installed.

10. The utility model provides a door and window, includes window frame and casement, its characterized in that: the window sash and the window frame are hinged through the door and window hinge of any one of claims 1 to 9.

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