CN218736622U - Saline-alkali soil leaching and breeding system for artificial wetland water circulation - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil leaching and breeding system for artificial wetland water circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN218736622U CN218736622U CN202222806845.2U CN202222806845U CN218736622U CN 218736622 U CN218736622 U CN 218736622U CN 202222806845 U CN202222806845 U CN 202222806845U CN 218736622 U CN218736622 U CN 218736622U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a saline-alkaline soil leaching and breeding system for constructed wetland water circulation, which comprises a farmland soil leaching unit, a leacheate treatment unit and a reed-fish-crab breeding unit which are connected in sequence. Inputting farmland leaching fresh water into a leaching water inlet channel of the farmland soil leaching unit, reducing the salinity and alkalinity of the soil by adopting a circulating water level leaching method, inputting high-salinity soil leaching liquid into a leaching liquid treatment unit through a leaching water drainage channel, performing salt reduction treatment on the high-salinity soil leaching liquid flowing through a salt reduction plant planting area, and enabling the obtained low-salinity effluent to enter a reed-fish-crab culture unit as culture water. The final effluent of the culture unit is used as farmland trickle washing water or irrigation water source, and the bottom mud is used as farmland fertilizer, so that the cyclic utilization of water resources and the repeated use of the internal resources of the system are realized, and plant bodies, fishes and crabs finally harvested by the system can be used as economic output, so that the system becomes a novel ecological agricultural system which gives consideration to saline-alkali soil treatment and resource cyclic utilization.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a saline and alkaline land is administered, water conservation and energy saving and ecological cycle agricultural technical field, concretely relates to saline and alkaline soil drip washing and farming systems of artifical wetland hydrologic cycle.
Background
Soil salinization is one of the main types of soil and land degradation, and generally refers to the process of accumulation of easily soluble salts in soil on the surface of soil caused by overhigh groundwater level. Saline-alkali soil refers to soil with salt content over 0.3%, which causes the reduction of organic matter content, the deterioration of nutritional conditions, the destruction of physical structures, the inhibition of microbial activities and the like, and further causes poor vegetation growth, especially causes low yield or no growth of crops. Therefore, the soil salinization can bring damage to an ecological system and resources and huge loss of agricultural production, and is not beneficial to regional economic development and national food safety. A great deal of research is carried out at home and abroad aiming at the saline-alkali soil treatment method, and the results mainly focus on biological measures, chemical measures and physical measures, including saline-alkali soil afforestation, salt-tolerant plant and microorganism cultivation, soil conditioner design, cultivation mode change, soil dressing and alkali pressing, salt elimination by using water conservancy projects and the like. At present, the saline-alkali treatment in China mainly follows the principle that salt comes with water and salt goes with water, and the saline-alkali treatment problem is treated by simple water conservancy facilities and irrigation measures. Although irrigation and salt washing are considered as a prior approach and effective measures for soil improvement and utilization and effective means for improving heavy salt and alkaline earth, the method for reducing salt is easy to cause soil salt back-up phenomenon, a large amount of fresh water resources are required to be continuously input for a long time, and the discharge of leacheate containing high salinity generated in the irrigation process causes the damage of the water and salt balance of a local water system, so that the method is not an ideal method for treating the saline-alkaline earth in a water quality type water shortage salinization area.
On the basis of the existing irrigation salt-washing technology, how to collect, treat and reduce the salinity of the leached water, improve the reuse rate of limited fresh water resources, improve the ecological and environmental protection performance of the treatment technology, achieve the win-win effect of saline-alkali land treatment and ecological and economic benefits, and is a difficult point and technical breakthrough of the current salinization treatment.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide an artifical wetland hydrologic cycle saline-alkali soil drip washing and farming systems to solve the water waste that this saline-alkali soil treatment method of present irrigated water and washed salt exists, the discharge of leacheate brings secondary pollution and secondary salinization problem, realizes the improvement of resource cyclic utilization rate and economic income simultaneously.
In order to solve the above mentioned problems and achieve the above intended purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
the saline-alkali soil leaching and breeding system for artificial wetland water circulation comprises a farmland soil leaching unit, a leaching solution treatment unit and a reed-fish-crab breeding unit which are sequentially connected;
the farmland soil leaching unit comprises a leaching water channel and a crop planting area, wherein the leaching water channel surrounds the crop planting area, and comprises a leaching water inlet channel, a water storage channel and a leaching drainage channel; the leaching water inlet channel and the leaching drainage channel are respectively positioned at two ends of the farmland soil leaching unit, and are communicated through the water storage ditch; the leaching water inlet channel is used as a fresh water input end for farmland leaching, and the leaching drainage channel is used as a soil leaching liquid collecting and discharging end;
the leacheate treatment unit comprises a leacheate water channel and a salt-reducing plant growing area, wherein the leacheate water channel comprises a leacheate water inlet channel and a leacheate water drainage channel which are arranged at two ends of the leacheate treatment unit; the leacheate inlet channel is connected with a leaching drainage channel of the farmland soil leaching unit;
the reed-fish-crab culture unit comprises a culture system, a reed planting area and an escape-proof facility, wherein the culture system comprises a circular ditch and a crab channel.
Furthermore, a plurality of crop planting areas are arranged in the farmland soil leaching unit, a plurality of water storage ditches are arranged between the leaching water inlet channel and the leaching drainage channel, and the water storage ditches and the crop planting areas are arranged alternately. The crop planting area is provided with a slope, the leaching water inlet channel is arranged at the top of the slope, and the leaching water drainage channel is arranged at the bottom of the slope and is horizontally and longitudinally arranged along the crop planting area; the section of the water storage ditch is in a trapezoid shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the water storage ditch is horizontally and transversely arranged along the crop planting area.
In the leacheate treatment unit, a ditch and a protective wall are arranged around the plant planting area for reducing the salt. Preferably, trapezoidal ditches with wide upper cross sections and narrow lower cross sections are arranged around the salt-reducing plant planting area. The salt-reducing plants are selected according to regional plant classification and salt-reducing mechanism, and local species are preferably considered. The water level of the salt-reducing plant growing area is determined according to plant habits and salt reducing load. The protective wall is formed by pouring a certain material on the outer side wall of the ditch, the protective wall has the functions of reducing the leakage of leacheate, preventing salt-reducing plants from diffusing to the farmland and the like, and whether the protective wall needs to be arranged and which pouring material needs to be selected are determined according to the difference of application areas and the types of the selected salt-reducing plants.
In the reed-fish-crab culture unit, a circular ditch is arranged around a reed planting area, the reed planting area is divided into a plurality of pieces through a crab way, and the crab way and the reed planting area are simultaneously usedThe method is used for fish culture in crab activity places and circular ditches, the cultured fish and crab types are selected according to the local variety characteristics and economy, and filter-feeding fishes and crabs are recommended to be cultured. The crab passage is communicated with the circular ditch. The recommended initial planting density of the reed planting area is 10-20 plants/m 2 . The escape prevention facility includes: the escape-proof net consists of timber piles, wire netting and a thin film, and particularly comprises a circle of timber piles are driven at a position 1-2 m away from the periphery of the circular trench, the lower end of each timber pile is embedded into the soil by about 20cm, and the wire netting and the thin film are pulled between the timber piles; all water inlets and outlets are intercepted by polyethylene mesh sheets.
The operation method of the constructed wetland water circulation saline-alkali soil leaching and breeding system with the alternately arranged crop planting areas comprises the following steps:
the leaching water inlet channel of the farmland soil leaching unit inputs farmland leaching fresh water, a circulating water level leaching method is adopted to reduce the salinity of the soil, high-salinity soil leaching liquid is collected and input into the leaching liquid treatment unit through the leaching water drainage channel, the high-salinity soil leaching liquid flows through the desalination plant planting area to be subjected to desalination treatment, and the obtained low-salinity effluent enters the reed-fish-crab culture unit to be used as culture water.
And the drainage of the farmland soil leaching unit enters a leaching solution treatment unit and enters a salt reduction treatment process. Meanwhile, the low-concentration effluent output by the leacheate treatment unit is used as culture water for the reed-fish-crab culture unit, and the final effluent of the reed-fish-crab culture unit is used as leaching water or irrigation water for the farmland soil leaching unit, so that the water resource in the system can be recycled.
The farmland soil leaching unit leaches soil by adopting a circulating leaching water level method, namely the leaching water level in the water storage channel is changed within a certain range at intervals, the leaching water can use natural rainfall, local river fresh water or other types of local water as the leaching water besides the reed-fish-crab culture unit effluent, and the leaching time is recommended to be determined according to the rainfall and crop planting rule of an application area.
The leacheate processing unit can properly maintain the plants at a certain flooding water level according to the life habits and the salt reducing loads of the salt reducing plants, and the salinity of the water body is regularly measured by using the salinity meter so as to timely drain water and replenish water.
The final effluent of the reed-fish-crab culture unit is the effluent after the fish and crabs are harvested and sediment is collected and is purified by the reeds in the unit for a period of time.
And the reed-fish-crab culture unit bottom mud is collected and then returned to the field as a fertilizer, so that the resource in the system can be reused.
The utility model discloses the benefit that has:
(1) The salinity and alkalinity of farmland soil are reduced, and the crop yield is improved;
(2) Collecting soil leacheate to prevent the soil leacheate from polluting local natural water systems, primarily treating the soil leacheate by using the salt reducing capability of salt reducing plants to serve as cultivation water, widening the application of water resources, and simultaneously reusing the treatment capability of the reeds to enable the cultivation wastewater to become a source of farmland leacheate or irrigation water so as to realize the recycling of the water resources;
(3) The reeds are used as food sources for fishes and crabs in the culture unit, so that the external investment in the culture process is reduced, the bottom mud generated by culture is returned to the farmland unit as a fertilizer, and the internal resources of the system are reused;
(4) The final output of the whole system comprises the overground parts of the salt-reducing plants, the overground parts of the reeds and the fishes and crabs besides the crops, thereby greatly improving the income of farmers and promoting the development of regional agricultural economy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of the system model of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the farmland soil washing unit water storage ditch of the utility model.
Figure 3 is the cross-sectional view of the water storage ditch of the farmland soil leaching unit of the utility model.
Fig. 4 is a side sectional view of the eluent treatment unit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a side view of the reed-fish-crab culturing unit of the utility model.
Detailed Description
In order to make the system construction, each unit structure and the operation flow of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to the drawings, one embodiment of the present invention is:
an artificial wetland water circulation saline-alkaline soil leaching and cultivating system applied to coastal saline-alkali areas of yellow river delta is shown in figure 1, and comprises a farmland soil leaching unit 1, a leaching solution treatment unit 2 and a reed-fish-crab cultivating unit 3, wherein the farmland soil leaching unit 1 comprises a leaching water channel and a crop planting area 11, and the leaching water channel is divided into a leaching water inlet channel 12, a water storage channel 14 and a leaching drainage channel 13;
the leacheate processing unit 2 comprises a leacheate water channel, a salt-reducing plant planting area 21 and a protective wall, wherein the leacheate water channel is divided into a leacheate water inlet channel 22 and a leacheate drainage channel 23;
the reed-fish-crab culture unit 3 comprises a culture system, a reed planting area 31, an escape-proof net 34 and other escape-proof measures, wherein the culture system comprises a circular ditch 32 and a crab channel 33.
Referring to fig. 1, the farmland soil leaching unit 1 comprises a leaching water inlet channel 12 and a leaching water drainage channel 13, wherein the width of the upper part of the leaching water inlet channel 12 is 0.5m, the depth of the upper part of the leaching water drainage channel 13 is 0.5m, the upper part of the leaching water drainage channel is horizontally and longitudinally dug along the farmland, a water storage channel 14 is horizontally and transversely dug along the farmland to communicate the leaching water inlet channel 12 with the leaching water drainage channel 13, the water storage channels 14 and the crop planting regions 11 are arranged at intervals, and the distance between adjacent water storage channels 14 is 1.0m.
Referring to fig. 2, the farmland soil washing unit 1 has a slope so that water can naturally flow down from the washing water inlet channel 12 to the washing water discharge channel 13 via the water storage channel 14 by gravity to be collected and discharged.
Referring to fig. 3, the water storage trench 14 of the farmland soil leaching unit 1 has an upper width of 0.5m, a lower width of 0.2m, and a depth of 0.5m, and each planting area has a width of 1.0m.
The farmland soil leaching unit 1 leaches soil by adopting a circulating leaching water level method, namely, water level marks are arranged at positions 0.2m and 0.35m away from the ground of the water storage ditch 14, and the water level is controlled to change regularly between 35cm to 50cm, 20cm to 35cm and 0cm to 20cm during leaching, so that the salinity of the surface layer of the soil is promoted to be transferred to the deep layer, and the root system of crops is far away from the saline-alkali hazard.
Furthermore, considering rainfall and crop planting rules of the yellow river delta, the leaching time is determined to be within the interval time (generally between 6 and 9 months) between harvesting of the crop in the last year in summer and sowing of the crop in the next round in the last spring, and the leaching water is natural rainfall, yellow river fresh water introduction and reed-fish-crab culture unit 3 effluent.
Referring to FIG. 1, the leacheate treatment unit 2 selects Spartina alterniflora as the salt-reducing plant and treats the plants at 5-6 plants/m 2 The planting area is surrounded by a leacheate water channel with the upper width of 1.0m, and high-salinity inlet water is input through the leacheate water inlet channel 22, flows through the spartina alterniflora planting area, is collected in the leacheate water drainage channel 23 after being absorbed and reduced by plants and is discharged.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the depth of the eluent channel ditch of the eluent processing unit 2 is 0.8m, the upper width of the cross section is 1.0m, the lower width of the cross section is 0.3m, the gradient of the ditch close to the outer side is about 63.4 degrees, the gradient close to the inner side is about 59.0 degrees, the plant flooding level in the unit is kept about 0.2m (< 0.3 m), cement is poured near the outer side wall of the ditch to construct a protective wall, and the spartina alterniflora is prevented from invading the environment outside the system by means of flooding and cement hardening.
The spartina alterniflora is harvested 8 months ago each year, seeds are prevented from entering a sexual propagation stage to diffuse and invade farmlands, and the overground parts of the harvested spartina alterniflora are sold to a feed factory as processing raw materials.
Referring to fig. 1, the reed-fish-crab culture unit 3 is surrounded by a 2.5m wide circular ditch 32 in a reed planting area 31, and consists of a plurality of square unit field blocks with the side length of 5m and separated by crab ditches 33 with the width of 2m, and the initial planting density of the reeds is 10-20 plants/m 2 。
Referring to fig. 5, the depth of the 3-field-shaped crab canal 33 of the reed-fish-crab culture unit is 0.6m, the depth of the circular ditch 32 is 1.2m, the arrangement of the escape-proof net 34 means that a round of timber pile is driven around the circular ditch 32 at a position 1m outside the circular ditch 32, the lower end of the timber pile is buried in the soil by about 20cm, the wire mesh and the thin film are pulled, and meanwhile, a water inlet and a water outlet in the unit are intercepted by using polyethylene mesh sheets.
Determining silver carps or bighead carps as fish breeding varieties, determining river crabs as crab breeding varieties, putting fish and crab fries from late March to early March, wherein the specification of the juvenile crabs is 120-200 per kg, the putting amount is 1.5kg per mu, the putting density of the fish fries is 1000-1500 tails per mu, low-salinity effluent from a leacheate treatment unit 2 needs to be introduced into the unit in advance before the fish fries are put, reed is used for further treating water body to the salinity suitable for breeding, and simultaneously 100-150 kg per mu of quicklime is used for splashing and disinfecting after being dissolved by being added with water about 15-20 days before the fish fries are put.
Determining water levels in the units at different time, referring to table 1, selecting 9 months of the next year after seedling throwing for harvesting fishes and crabs, clearing and finishing the sludge in the units after fishing, throwing the sludge into a farmland system for fertilizing the fields, airing the whole farm, and preparing for next-wave seedling throwing.
TABLE 1 reed-fish-crab system water level gauge in month of each month
Although the present invention has been described herein in detail with reference to the use of the coastal saline areas of yellow river delta as an example of the application, the present invention can be applied to any other areas damaged by salinization, and those skilled in the art can set or modify the various parameters of the present invention according to the local characteristics and the specific conditions of the field, and these settings and modifications will fall within the scope of the principles disclosed in this application. Furthermore, within the scope of the disclosure, drawings and claims of the present application, the parameters, layout and species selection of each unit component in the system can be changed and improved to better play the roles of the present invention in saline-alkali soil treatment, water and energy conservation, ecological agriculture development and the like.
Claims (8)
1. Saline-alkali soil leaching and breeding system with artificial wetland water circulation is characterized in that: comprises a farmland soil leaching unit (1), a leaching solution treatment unit (2) and a reed-fish-crab culture unit (3) which are connected in sequence;
the farmland soil leaching unit (1) comprises a leaching water channel and a crop planting area (11), wherein the leaching water channel surrounds the crop planting area (11), and comprises a leaching water inlet channel (12), a water storage channel (14) and a leaching drainage channel (13); the leaching water inlet channel (12) and the leaching drainage channel (13) are respectively positioned at two ends of the farmland soil leaching unit (1), and the leaching water inlet channel (12) is communicated with the leaching drainage channel (13) through a water storage channel (14); the leaching water inlet channel (12) is used as a fresh water input end for farmland leaching, and the leaching drainage channel (13) is used as a soil leaching solution collecting and discharging end;
the leacheate treatment unit (2) comprises a leacheate water channel and a salt-reducing plant growing area (21), wherein the leacheate water channel comprises a leacheate water inlet channel (22) and a leacheate drainage channel (23) which are arranged at two ends of the leacheate treatment unit (2); the leacheate inlet channel (22) is connected with a leaching drainage channel (13) of the farmland soil leaching unit (1);
the reed-fish-crab culture unit (3) comprises a culture system, a reed planting area (31) and an escape-proof facility, wherein the culture system comprises a circular ditch (32) and a crab channel (33).
2. The artificial wetland water circulation saline-alkali soil leaching and cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the farmland soil leaching unit (1) is internally provided with a plurality of crop planting areas (11), a plurality of water storage ditches (14) are arranged between the leaching water inlet channel (12) and the leaching drainage channel (13), and the water storage ditches (14) and the crop planting areas (11) are arranged at intervals.
3. The constructed wetland water circulation saline-alkali soil leaching and culturing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the crop planting area (11) is provided with a slope, the leaching water inlet channel (12) is arranged at the top of the slope, and the leaching water drainage channel (13) is arranged at the bottom of the slope and is horizontally and longitudinally arranged along the crop planting area (11); the section of the water storage ditch (14) is a trapezoid with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the water storage ditch is horizontally and transversely arranged along the crop planting area (11).
4. The artificial wetland water circulation saline-alkali soil leaching and cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the leacheate treatment unit (2), a ditch and a protective wall are arranged around the salt-reducing plant planting area (21).
5. The artificial wetland water circulation saline-alkali soil leaching and cultivation system according to claim 4, wherein: trapezoidal ditches with wide upper cross sections and narrow lower cross sections are arranged around the salt-reducing plant planting area (21).
6. The artificial wetland water circulation saline-alkali soil leaching and cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the reed-fish-crab culture unit (3), a circular ditch (32) is arranged around a reed planting area (31), the reed planting area (31) is divided into a plurality of pieces by a crab way (33), the crab way (33) and the reed planting area (31) are simultaneously used as crab moving places, and the circular ditch (32) is used for fish culture.
7. The artificial wetland water-circulating saltwater alkaline soil leaching and farming system of claim 1 or 6, wherein: the initial planting density of the reed planting area (31) is 10-20 plants/m 2 。
8. The artificial wetland water-circulating saltwater alkaline soil leaching and farming system of claim 1 or 6, wherein: the crab passage (33) is communicated with the circular ditch (32).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116351859A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-06-30 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Lake and reservoir side slope soil desalination and salt control device and method |
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2022
- 2022-10-25 CN CN202222806845.2U patent/CN218736622U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116351859A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-06-30 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Lake and reservoir side slope soil desalination and salt control device and method |
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