CN218665673U

CN218665673U - Superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device

Info

Publication number: CN218665673U
Application number: CN202123339551.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田雨航; 田雨晗
Original assignee: Shandong Runze Xinjie New Energy Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Runze Xinjie New Energy Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-21
Filing date: 2021-12-21
Publication date: 2023-03-21
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-21

Abstract

A superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device comprises a sludge cracking drum, a combined superconducting electric heater, a combined superconducting high-temperature heater, a gas burner, a secondary cracker, a rotary gas outlet pipe, a pipeline converter, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a flame arrester, a centrifugal machine, a dryer, a linked feeder, a sealer, a power device, an electric automatic controller, a fixed heat insulation sleeve, a waste heat recoverer and the like. The device has the advantages of rapid and thorough sludge treatment, high efficiency, energy conservation, no pollution in the treatment process, no carbon dioxide emission, no dioxin generation, cleanness and sanitation, 100 percent of organic matters in the whole sludge become useful resources, a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources and land are saved, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are obvious.

Description

Superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sludge innocent treatment, in particular to a superconducting efficient innocent sludge treatment device.

Background

At present, the main processes of municipal sludge treatment comprise deep dehydration and drying of sludge, sludge composting, sludge incineration and anaerobic digestion of sludge. The deep dehydration and drying of the sludge is to reduce the water content of the sludge through mechanical and chemical methods, then the sludge is mostly used for landfill, and although the reduction is realized to a certain degree, the sludge does not really realize the resource utilization, occupies the land and destroys the water source. The sludge compost can be recycled, but the sludge compost cannot be used for farmland planting after being subjected to environmental risk due to large investment, large floor area, high operation cost and serious odor, and heavy metals in the sludge have the problem that projects are difficult to fall to the ground. Sludge incineration needs external energy, dioxin substances generated by incineration need strict environmental protection measures at the tail end for treatment, the operation cost is high, the dioxin substances cannot be thoroughly treated, and the dioxin substances cause serious biological toxicity and environmental pollution. The investment of sludge anaerobic digestion technology for treating sludge is large, large-scale sludge digestion equipment is imported from foreign countries, and the basic investment and the operation cost are high. The anaerobic digestion treatment of the sludge needs to invest a large amount of capital to build a matched treatment facility, the mass of the sludge can be reduced by about 1/3 to 1/2 after the anaerobic digestion, the aim of final treatment is not achieved, and a large amount of residual sludge residues are left to be treated by other technologies. The concentration of the generated digestive juice COD (chemical oxygen demand) is quite high, and a matched sewage treatment facility needs to be established or the digestive juice COD is returned to a sewage treatment plant for treatment. Therefore, the construction of the digestion treatment project cannot only consider the investment and operation costs of the digestion plant, but also consider the investment and operation costs of other supporting conditions. In addition, the sand content of sludge in China is high, the organic matter content is lower than that in Europe and America, the biodegradability of sludge is poor, the running stability of digestion equipment, the methane yield and other indexes generally do not meet the standard, so the running effect of foreign sludge digestion technology in China is not ideal, and the popularization and the promotion are difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems of urban sewage treatment, a superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device is designed on the basis of an efficient superconducting garbage cracking gasification technology, the technology can thoroughly solve the problem of sludge treatment, and the sludge treatment is reduced, harmless and recycled. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the sludge cracking is to utilize the thermal instability of organic matters in the sludge, heat the sludge by using a heat source under the anaerobic condition, crack the organic matters under the participation of water and a catalyst, convert the organic matters from a solid state into combustible gas, cracking oil and solid residues with high utilization value, and then use the combustible gas and the cracking oil as energy sources for cracking the sludge.

The scheme combines the characteristics of high sand content, low organic matter content and limited calorific value low output of combustible gas, adopts a high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer technology, an oxygen-insulating low-temperature cracking technology, a secondary high-temperature cracking technology, a novel catalyst and other comprehensive technologies, utilizes the high-temperature superconducting part cold and hot end isolation shielding high-efficiency heat transfer heat exchange characteristic, the high-temperature superconducting pipe rapid soaking characteristic and the high-temperature metal working medium dynamic rapid backflow characteristic, replaces a conventional cracking furnace or a pyrolysis furnace with the high-efficiency safe sludge cracking gasification furnace, the airtight space cracking temperature of the whole cracking furnace body can reach 550-700 ℃ in a balanced manner, under the participation of WN catalyst and water vapor, the sludge reaction speed is high, the cracking is thorough, no pollutant and no harmful substance are generated, the sludge coking and carbonization danger caused by local overheating of equipment is avoided, the flash explosion accident caused by oxygen entering a garbage cracking furnace reaction area is avoided, and the gas production rate and the volatile matter escape rate are obviously improved.

The sludge treating apparatus consists of sludge cracking drum, combined superconductive heater, combined superconductive high temperature heater, gas burner, secondary cracker, rotating exhaust pipe, pipeline converter, heat exchanger, condenser, the first flame arrester, the second flame arrester, centrifugal machine, drier, linkage feeder, sealer, power unit, automatic electric controller, fixed heat insulating sleeve, afterheat recovering unit and support. The heat exchanger is connected with the air inlet of the dryer through a waste heat pipeline, the air outlet of the dryer is connected with a waste heat recoverer, and the preheated gas of the waste heat recoverer is connected with the gas mixing valve of the gas burner through a hot air outlet, a hot air pipeline and a blower. The feed inlet of the sludge cracking roller is connected with the linkage feeder on the left side through a sealer. The linkage feeder sends sludge with the water content of 25-30% into a sludge cracking roller to be subjected to thermal cracking in a closed environment, different components of the sludge are gradually cracked along with the temperature rise in the cracking process, fatty acid and sugar at about 300 ℃ are cracked, then protein is cracked, the temperature is raised to 550 ℃, a small amount of residual sludge is further decomposed and aromatized, finally, organic matters in the sludge are all converted into gaseous, liquid and solid products, the liquid and gaseous products are flammable, and the recovered liquid and gaseous products are used as energy sources for cracking and drying the sludge. The cracking temperature of the sludge is lower than 600 ℃, the liquid product tar is more, the tar contains about 60% of energy of sludge organic matters, and the main components of the tar are hydrocarbons, aliphatic compounds, aromatic compounds, benzene derivatives, alcohol, ether, water and the like. The yield of the low-temperature cracked tar of different types of sludge is different, the yield of the tar of the activated sludge is higher than that of other types of sludge such as digested sludge, and the maximum oil yield is about 30 percent. The mixed gas generated by the sludge cracking roller 1 is separated into tar through a heat exchanger and a condenser, and the tar can be converted into combustible gas such as gaseous alkane (CmHn), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2) and the like through high-temperature secondary cracking. The sludge cracking drum cracks sludge to generate mixed gas, the mixed gas needs to be converted into pure gas to enter a gas burner for burning, and the process route is as follows: the sludge cracking drum generates tar-containing gas mixture → passes through a rotating gas outlet pipe → a pipeline converter → a gas mixture pipeline → a secondary cracker, part of tar is decomposed → passes through a high-temperature gas pipeline → a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger condenses the undecomposed tar gas into liquid tar and stores the liquid tar into a first oil-water seal tank → a low-temperature gas pipeline → a condenser, and the condenser condenses residual tar gas into liquid tar and stores the liquid tar into a second oil-water seal tank → a pure gas pipeline → a centrifuge → a pure gas tank → a first flame arrester → a gas mixing valve → a gas burner. The route of the liquid tar converted into pure combustible gas to enter the gas burner is as follows: the first oil-water sealed tank is communicated with the second oil-water sealed tank, the water-containing tar in the sealed tank → the tar pipeline → the secondary cracker is cracked into combustible gas under the action of water at high temperature → the tar pure gas pipeline → the second flame arrester → the gas mixing valve → the gas burner. When the gas burner of the sludge cracking drum works, a large amount of waste heat is generated, the waste heat is directly sent into the dryer through the waste heat smoke tube to dry sludge with the water content of 60 percent, the water content is reduced to 25 to 30 percent, and the sludge is sent into the sludge cracking drum to be cracked.

The superconducting heaters which are fixed on the inner wall surface of the sludge cracking roller and are uniformly distributed in parallel with the inner wall surface of the sludge cracking roller are high-efficiency heat absorption and transfer heat radiating components, each superconducting heater is composed of a main pipe, a plurality of mutually parallel superconducting branch pipes vertically connected to the main pipe, chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fins assembled on the superconducting branch pipes, and a sleeve arranged in the main pipe, wherein two ends of the sleeve are hermetically welded with two ends of the main pipe, the gap between the two pipes is 3-6 mm, liquid alloy superconducting working media are arranged in the gap, an electric heating pipe is arranged in the sleeve, and a power supply leading-out wire of the electric heating pipe is connected with an electric slip ring. The cavity formed by the main pipe, the plurality of superconducting branch pipes and the sleeve pipe is in a negative pressure state in a static state, and is in a positive pressure state in a working process. The heat generated by the electrification of the electric heating pipe is rapidly transmitted to the liquid alloy superconducting working medium in the gap between the main pipe and the two pipes of the sleeve pipe through the sleeve pipe in the main pipe, the liquid alloy superconducting working medium is excited to generate thermal vibration, thermal oscillation and instant phase change gasification, and phase change latent heat is transmitted to sludge in the sludge cracking drum through the plurality of superconducting branch pipes and the chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fins. After the heat is transmitted to the sludge by the plurality of superconducting branch pipes of the electric heating superconducting heater, the liquid alloy superconducting working medium is changed into liquid from gas state, and returns to the gap between the main pipe and the sleeve pipe under the action of gravity and the rotating force of the sludge cracking roller, the electric heating pipe continuously supplies heat, the electric heating superconducting heater continues the phase change heat transfer process, and the radiant heat source of the electric heating pipe is continuously and efficiently supplied to the sludge in the sludge cracking roller to be quickly cracked and gasified.

The sludge cracking drum wall is welded with a plurality of connected superconducting high-temperature heaters which are uniformly distributed and parallel to the sludge cracking drum, the connected superconducting high-temperature heaters are efficient heat absorption and heat transfer radiating components, a main pipe is welded with a heat absorption plate which is parallel to the main pipe, a plurality of superconducting branch pipes which are parallel to each other are vertically welded on the main pipe, a chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fin which is assembled on the superconducting branch pipes and arranged in the sludge cracking drum is arranged on the sludge cracking drum wall, the superconducting branch pipes which are parallel to each other are welded on the sludge cracking drum wall, the connected superconducting heater main pipe is an evaporation end, and the superconducting branch pipes which are parallel to each other and the chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fin which is assembled on the superconducting branch pipes are condensation ends. The cavity formed by the main pipe and the plurality of superconducting branch pipes is in a negative pressure state in a static state, and is in a positive pressure state in the working process, and the liquid alloy superconducting working medium is filled in the main pipe 49G. When the gas burner works, the main pipe and the parallel heat absorption plates welded on the main pipe are heated, heat is transferred to the liquid alloy superconducting working medium in the main pipe through the main pipe, the liquid alloy superconducting working medium is excited to generate thermal vibration, thermal oscillation and instant phase change gasification, phase change latent heat is transferred to sludge in the sludge cracking drum through the plurality of superconducting branch pipes and the chrysanthemum-shaped heat dissipation fins to be quickly cracked and gasified, and the heat is transferred efficiently through phase change in cycles.

The liquid alloy superconducting working medium added in the branch combined superconducting heaters and the branch combined superconducting high-temperature heaters is activated liquid potassium-sodium alloy with the working temperature of 400-700 ℃.

The gas burner is arranged between the lower side of the sludge cracking roller and the fixed heat-insulating sleeve, is a row of gas heaters, and consists of a plurality of main pipelines which are connected and communicated in parallel and a spray head arranged on the main pipelines, the main pipelines are as long as the sludge cracking roller, a combustible gas heating field obtained by burning cracked sludge by the burner surrounds the sludge cracking roller, the heating field carries out all-round heating on the sludge cracking roller rolling at 360 degrees, a plurality of heat absorption plates which can absorb heat and are parallel to each other are welded on the outer wall surface of the sludge cracking roller, a plurality of branches which are uniformly distributed in the roller are connected with a superconducting heater and a heat dissipation shifting plate which can dissipate heat and shift sludge to move, the gas heat of the gas burner is uniformly conducted to the sludge in the sludge cracking roller, the process that the sludge is converted into gaseous state in the sludge cracking roller by solid state is completed, and the waste heat flow generated by the gas burner enters a dryer through a waste heat smoke pipe on the upper side of the sludge cracking roller to be used for drying the sludge with high water content.

The heat exchanger connected through the high-temperature air pipeline is a waste heat recovery device for continuously cracking sludge of a superconductive high-efficiency harmless sludge treatment device, sludge cracking can generate a large amount of heat and is used for dewatering sludge with high water content after recovery. The tar gas containing a large amount of heat is cooled and condensed into liquid tar in the lower box body of the heat exchanger, the liquid tar is stored in the first oil-water sealed tank, and the tar gas losing part of the tar after cooling enters the condenser through the low-temperature gas pipeline.

The condenser be shell and tube cooler, there is the cold water import on the condenser, the warm water export, gas inlet, gas outlet to cold water constitutes as the condensing agent, lose the tar-containing gas mixture of partial tar after the heat exchanger lower box body cooling and get into the condenser through low temperature gas pipeline and be cooled off by cold water and separate out residual tar, tar flows into second oil water seal jar, the tar-free combustible gas of separation gets into the pure gas jar through defeated pure gas pipeline, centrifuge and the acid gas of giving vent to anger through filtering burns in spark arrester, gas mixing valve to the gas combustion ware.

The secondary cracker placed between the lower side of the sludge cracking drum and the gas burner is a high-temperature heat exchanger and consists of a plurality of heating pipes, high-temperature metal fins wound on the heating pipes and inlet and outlet connecting pipes. The sludge mixed gas cracked by the sludge cracking drum contains a large amount of tar gas which can not be directly combusted in the combustor, the mixed gas tar gas enters the re-cracker at the high temperature of 700 ℃, the secondary cracking of the tar gas and the steam carry out reforming reaction in the secondary cracker to be cracked into combustible gases co, H2 and the like, the residual tar is separated out by the heat exchanger and the condenser and stored in the first oil-water sealed tank and the second oil-water sealed tank, the tar enters the secondary cracker through the tar pipeline, and is cracked into the combustible gases under the action of the high temperature and the water in the tar. The cracking of tar reduces tar content to the utmost extent, utilizes energy in the tar, improves the gas production rate of sludge, saves energy, avoids oil and gas pipeline blockage, improves the cleanliness of working environment and also reduces the failure rate of equipment. The tar cracking can crack the tar into permanent gas which is utilized by a sludge treatment device together with combustible gas. The high temperature of 700 ℃ is the cracking final temperature of the mixed gas of the garbage cracking, the cracking final temperature is the most important factor in the process of cracking the mixed gas of the garbage, the temperature of the mixed gas sent to a secondary cracker is 430 ℃, the measured gas yield is about 5 percent, the liquid yield is 40 percent, the yield of cracking residues is about 55 percent, the gas yield is increased to 50 percent after the mixed gas is subjected to secondary cracking and steam reforming reaction in the secondary cracker, the liquid yield is only 10 percent, and the cracking residues are reduced to about 40 percent. The gas yield is increased to 70% after the secondary cracking of tar and the steam reforming reaction in the secondary cracker, and the secondary cracker provides a large amount of heat energy for the sludge rapid continuous cracking treatment device.

The dryer consists of a box body, a heating air channel, a sludge ventilating grating bed above the heating air channel, a drying chamber, a waste heat recoverer and a flood dragon conveying cylinder. The hot air heated by the waste heat of the cracked sludge recovered by the heat exchanger through the upper box body enters a heating air channel of the dryer through a waste heat air pipeline, and waste heat air generated by the gas burner flows through a waste heat smoke pipe, enters the dryer, is converged, enters the drying chamber from the sludge ventilation grate bed, is used for baking sludge with high water content, and the dehydrated water content of the sludge reaches about 30% and is sent to the feeder through the auger delivery cylinder. The waste heat of the baked sludge in the drying chamber enters a waste heat recoverer through an air outlet to heat cold air entering the waste heat recoverer to form preheated fresh hot air, and the fresh hot air enters a combustor to be combusted after passing through a hot air outlet, a hot air pipeline and a blower to a gas mixing valve and being mixed with fuel gas in proportion.

The flame arrester is additionally arranged between the gas burner and the pure gas tank, and the second flame arrester connected with the secondary cracker of the gas burner is safety equipment of the superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device and is a safety device used for preventing flame from backfiring to enter the pure gas tank and the secondary cracker to generate combustible gas flash explosion or detonation when the gas burner is ignited. The fire arrester and the fire arrester have the same structure and are composed of a cylinder, flanges and a metal mesh filter element, wherein the flanges are arranged at two ends of the cylinder, and the metal mesh filter element is tightly arranged between the two flanges. The metal net filter element is formed by overlapping 8-16 layers of stainless steel pore plates with the diameter of 0.23-0.315 mm or overlapping 8-16 layers of 16-22 meshes of metal nets. The net of the flame arrester is provided with a plurality of small holes, which can not block the combustible gas when working, when the combustible gas is tempered, the flame enters the flame arrester and is divided into a plurality of small flame flows by the holes of the flame arrester, the flame flows are instantly quenched due to the heat transfer function (the gas is cooled) and the wall effect, and the flame can not be tempered and connected into the pure gas tank and the secondary cracker.

The linkage feeder comprises a feeding cylinder, a feeding hopper, a catalyst tank, a catalyst, an electric feeding screw and a carbon discharging opening, wherein the feeding hopper and the catalyst tank are arranged on the feeding cylinder, the catalyst tank is filled with the catalyst, the electric feeding screw is arranged in the feeding cylinder, the carbon discharging opening is arranged on the lower cylinder wall of the feeding cylinder, and sludge and the catalyst which enter the feeding cylinder from the feeding hopper and the catalyst tank enter a sludge cracking cylinder through a sealer through the electric feeding screw and form a sludge blocking section for sealing the sludge cracking cylinder in the sealer. The catalyst is a mixed liquid of 70% of water, 25% of dolomite and 5% of Fe2O3 micro powder, and the water in the liquid catalyst is used for meeting the reaction requirement of the sludge in cracking gasification. Experiments show that when the temperature of a sludge cracking reaction zone in the sludge cracking roller is 400-600 ℃, water vapor is used as a gasifying agent to accelerate the sludge reaction, and the gas production conversion rate and the volatile escape rate of garbage are obviously improved. And due to the addition of the water vapor, part of gas released by the sludge reaction reacts with the water vapor first and is further decomposed into other small molecule gas, and part of the small molecule gas can continue to react with the water vapor, so that the whole reaction duration is prolonged, and the total gas yield is increased. Under the water vapor atmosphere of 450 ℃, the total gas yield of the municipal sludge can maximally approach 700L/kg, and the heat value is improved by 40%. The secondary cracker reduces the tar content and utilizes the energy in the tar. Cracking requires very high temperatures (1000 ℃ to 1200 ℃) and is therefore difficult to achieve. The cracking temperature of the tar in the mixed gas is greatly reduced (about 750 ℃ to 900 ℃) by utilizing the action of the catalyst, the cracking efficiency is improved, the cracking rate of the tar in a short time reaches more than 99%, and for most tar components, the water vapor has the function of relevant bonds in the cracking process, and because the water vapor can react with certain tar components to generate gases such as CO, H2 and the like, the generation of carbon black is reduced, and the yield of combustible gas is improved. For example, naphthalene, when catalytically cracked, undergoes the following reaction: although various measures are taken to control the generation of tar in the biomass gasification process, the content of tar in the gas still far exceeds the application allowable degree, so the treatment of tar in the gas is an indispensable process for effectively utilizing fuel gas, wherein the high-temperature catalytic cracking of tar is the most effective and most advanced method. The tar cracking can decompose the tar into permanent gas which is utilized together with combustible gas.

The sealer is a dynamic and static combined part for linking the fixed part of the feeder and the rotating part of the sludge cracking drum, and in order to ensure anaerobic cracking of sludge in the sludge cracking drum, air cannot enter the sealer and high-temperature gas cannot overflow. The sealer is by the ring of welding in linkage feeder export, the ring of welding in the import of mud cracking drum, and the external diameter of ring slightly is less than the internal diameter of ring, is equipped with high temperature resistant sealed powder in the cylindricality space that ring and ring formed, and cylindricality space top dress is one rather than the high temperature sealed powder funnel and the valve of intercommunication, and when high temperature resistant sealed powder was not enough in the cylindricality space, open the valve and can install high temperature resistant sealed powder additional to the cylindricality space in. The high-temperature resistant sealing powder is formed by uniformly mixing superfine quartz sand and graphite powder in a ratio of 6: 4.

The power device comprises a motor, a speed reducer, a belt pulley and a belt, wherein the belt pulley and the belt are welded on the rotary air outlet pipe, the electric automatic controller controls the motor to rotate forwards and backwards, the motor rotates at 360 degrees of 6 revolutions per minute through the speed reducer, the belt pulley, the rotary air outlet pipe and the rotary air outlet pipe which are coaxially connected, sludge loaded in the rotation of the sludge cracking roller is turned between the radiating fins and the radiating shifting plate of the superconducting branch pipes, so that the sludge is uniformly heated, and is quickly cracked after being heated.

The electric automatic controller is composed of a box body, a panel, a PLC microprocessor arranged in the box body, and a circuit connected with a linkage feeder, a low-speed motor for rotating an air outlet pipe, a centrifugal machine, an electric heating pipe, an air feeder and a power device. The electric automatic controller can set the input power of the horizontal roller according to different types of solid waste articles.

The left end of the rotating air outlet pipe is welded with a low-speed motor flood dragon, a filter screen is arranged on the left end of the rotating air outlet pipe, and a metal strip is stirred, so that the sludge of the horizontal sludge cracking drum is prevented from entering the rotating air outlet pipe to block the release of combustible gas generated in the horizontal sludge cracking drum.

The fixed heat-insulating sleeve arranged around the sludge cracking drum is an inorganic heat-insulating material with the heat conductivity coefficient of less than 0.05W/(m.K) and the heat-resistant temperature of more than 1000 ℃, so that the temperature on the sludge cracking drum is prevented from diffusing outwards, and the thermal guarantee is provided for sludge cracking.

The working principle of the superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device is as follows: the electric automatic controller is connected with a power supply, and the PLC microprocessor starts the power device, the centrifugal machine, the linkage feeder, the low-speed motor for rotating the air outlet pipe, the air feeder and the electric heating pipe. The electric automatic controller controls the motor to rotate, and the motor rotates at 360 degrees at 6 revolutions per minute through the speed reducer, the belt pulley, the rotary air outlet pipe and the sludge cracking drum coaxially connected with the rotary air outlet pipe. The linkage feeder feeds the sludge and the catalyst which enter the feeding cylinder from the feed hopper and the catalyst tank into the sludge cracking roller through the sealer by an electric feeding screw and forms a sludge blocking section of the sealed sludge cracking roller in the sealer. The sludge in the rotation of the sludge cracking drum is turned over between the radiating fins and the radiating shifting plate of the superconducting branch pipes. The heat generated by electrifying the electric heating pipe of the combined superconducting heater is rapidly transmitted to the liquid alloy superconducting working medium in the gap between the main pipe and the sleeve pipe through the sleeve pipe in the main pipe, the liquid alloy superconducting working medium is excited to instantly change phase and gasify, and phase change latent heat is uniformly transmitted to the sludge in the sludge cracking drum through the plurality of superconducting branch pipes and the chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fins. The sludge mixed gas and the tar are processed by the heat exchanger, the condenser and the secondary cracker to become pure combustible gas which enters the gas burner for burning, and heat energy which can not be obtained by source is provided for the sludge cracking gasification in the sludge cracking drum. When the pure combustible gas meets the sludge cracking gasification heat energy in the sludge cracking drum, the combined superconducting heater is closed, and the heat obtained by the main pipe of the combined superconducting high-temperature heater and the parallel heat absorption plate welded on the main pipe is conducted to the sludge in the sludge cracking drum through the superconducting branch pipes, the chrysanthemum-shaped heat dissipation plates and the heat dissipation shifting plates, so that the sludge is rapidly cracked and gasified, and the process is repeated. After the sludge is cracked, the PLC microprocessor controls the motor of the power device to reverse and reversely rotate, and the carbon powder flows out from the carbon discharging opening of the feeding cylinder.

The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device has the beneficial effects that: the novel sludge rapid cracking device is designed by utilizing a high-efficiency integrated rotary type superconducting component rapid heat collection, rapid heat transfer, a rapid heat dissipation principle, a rotary type superconducting component heat shielding characteristic, a rapid soaking characteristic, a rapid backflow principle of a high-temperature metal working medium under the resultant force of gravity and centrifugal force and a high-temperature secondary cracking principle, organic solid waste of sludge is rapidly changed into gaseous fuel from a solid state under a closed condition, the efficiency is high, no pollution is caused in sludge treatment, no waste water is generated, no flying ash is generated, no dioxin harmful gas and carbon dioxide are discharged, the problem of sludge treatment can be thoroughly solved, and the reduction, the harmlessness, the recycling and the stable solidification of sludge treatment are really realized. The practice proves that:

1. the sludge is odorless, tasteless, pollution-free and wastewater-free, the system is closed, the combustible gas is treated at high temperature, and the gas purification degree is high.

2. The harmlessness is obvious: no dioxin substances and other harmful substances are generated: the anaerobic cracking gasification condition can avoid the oxygen required by the generation of dioxin-like substances.

The stabilization is obvious: avoid the heavy metal pollution risk in the mud: heavy metal is firmly solidified in a carbon crystal structure, leaching liquid cannot be separated out under natural conditions, and 6-valent heavy metal chromium can be cracked into harmless 3-valent chromium.

4. The reduction is obvious: high-efficiency cracking, and 18% of carbon residue is left.

5. The resource utilization is obvious: the superconducting cracking efficiency is high, all organic components are effectively utilized, the generated combustible gas (280 square/ton) and gasified waste heat energy are fully utilized, the residual carbon residue (170 kg/ton) can be used as an organic fertilizer and an asphalt additive or used for manufacturing a baking-free building material, and the generated cracked tar (15 kg/ton) can be used for extracting gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil and lubricating oil and can be continuously cracked into the combustible gas at high temperature.

The technology is advanced: the aerospace superconducting technology realizes ultralow emission, has environmental indexes far lower than national standards, and can meet the requirements of stricter environmental standards in the future. The process scale is modular in design, and is suitable for various yields.

The superconducting technology has low processing cost and small occupied area: compared with the similar technology, the treatment cost has obvious advantages, occupies less land, does not need a whole block of land, and can be freely spliced.

8. Solves the problems that the sludge treatment speed of the sludge treatment equipment by the existing pyrolysis and cracking technology is low, the time is long, the daily treatment capacity is too low, the sludge treatment is not thorough, and particularly, harmful substances and pollution of the pyrolysis treatment equipment can not be completely eliminated.

9. The mixed gas is cracked secondarily by the re-cracking device, the cracked oil in the mixed gas is changed into the combustible gas at high temperature, the gas production rate of the combustible gas is greatly improved, the problem of sludge self-supply energy is solved, the equipment is clean and sanitary, a small amount of cracked residues are removed by secondary cracking at high temperature and are used as chemical raw materials, cracked tar and the combustible gas are all utilized, and the aim of efficient reduction and recycling harmless treatment of sludge is really achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a sludge-disintegrating drum 1

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the sealer 13

In the figure: 1. the device comprises a sludge cracking drum 2, a combined superconducting heater G, a combined superconducting high-temperature heater 3, a gas burner 4, a secondary cracker 5, a rotary air outlet pipe 6, a pipeline converter 7, a heat exchanger 8, a condenser 9, a first flame arrester B, a second flame arrester 10, a centrifuge 11, a dryer 12, a linked feeder 13, a sealer 14, a power device 15, an electric automatic controller 16, a fixed heat insulation sleeve 17, a waste heat recoverer 18, a bracket 19, a roller 20, a rolling sleeve 21, a heat absorption plate 22, a gas pipeline 23, a gas mixing valve 24, a gas mixing pipeline 25, a high-temperature gas pipeline 26, a low-temperature gas pipeline 27, a pure gas pipeline 28, a pure gas tank 29, a waste heat gas pipeline 30, an air inlet 31, an air outlet 32, a hot air outlet 33, a hot air pipeline 34, a hot air pipeline the device comprises a blower 35, a first oil-water sealed tank 36, a second oil-water sealed tank 37, a tar pipeline 38, a pure gas pipeline 39, a waste heat smoke pipe 40, a main pipe 41, a superconducting branch pipe 42, a chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fin 43, a sleeve 44, a liquid alloy superconducting working medium 45, an electric heating pipe 46, a power supply lead-out wire 47, an electric slip ring 48, sludge 49, a main pipe G50, a parallel heat absorbing plate 51, a superconducting branch pipe G52, a chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fin G53, a main pipe 54, a spray nozzle 55, an exchange box 56, a middle partition plate 57, a superconducting fin heat-transfer pipe 58, a heating pipe 59, a high-temperature metal fin 60, a dryer box 61, a heating gas channel 62, a sludge ventilating grid bed 63, a drying chamber 64, a flood dragon conveying cylinder 65, a feeding cylinder 66, a feed hopper 67, a catalyst tank 68, a catalyst 69, a, the device comprises an electric feeding spiral 70, a sludge blocking section 71, an outlet circular ring 72, an inlet circular ring 73, a temperature sensor 74, a cylindrical space 75, high-temperature-resistant sealing powder 76, a high-temperature-resistant sealing powder funnel 77, a valve 78, a motor 79, a speed reducer 80, a belt 81, a belt pulley 82, a low-speed motor 83, a flood dragon 84, a filter screen 85, a stirring metal strip 86, a carbon discharging port 87, a lower box air inlet 88 of a waste heat recoverer, an upper box hot air outlet 89, a mixed gas inlet 90, a combustible gas outlet 91, a lower box air inlet 92 and a spiral motor.

Detailed Description

A superconductive high-efficiency harmless sludge treatment device is composed of a sludge cracking drum 1, a combined superconductive heater 2, a combined superconductive high-temperature heater G, a gas burner 3, a combined superconductive high-temperature heater G, a secondary cracker 4, a rotary air outlet pipe 5, a pipeline converter 6, a heat exchanger 7, a condenser 8, a first flame arrester 9, a second flame arrester B, a centrifuge 10, a dryer 11, a linkage feeder 12, a sealer 13, a power device 14, an electric automatic controller 15, a fixed heat-insulating sleeve 16, a waste heat recoverer 17 and a bracket 18 twenty parts, and is characterized in that the sludge cracking drum 1 is a metal horizontal drum which is provided with two rollers 19 at the left end and two right ends which are welded together through the rotary air outlet pipe 5 welded together on the roller sleeve 20 and can rotate for 360 degrees, a plurality of the combined superconductive high-temperature heaters G which are uniformly distributed and are parallel to the sludge cracking drum 1 are welded around the wall of the sludge cracking drum 1, a plurality of heat absorbing plates 21 which can absorb heat and are parallel to each other are welded on the outer wall surface, a plurality of branch union superconducting heaters 2 which are uniformly distributed and are parallel to the inner wall surface of the sludge cracking roller and a heat radiating shifting plate which can radiate and shift the sludge are fixed on the inner wall surface, a fixed heat insulating sleeve 16 is arranged on the periphery of the heat absorbing plates 21, a secondary cracker 4 and a gas burner 3 are arranged between the lower edge of the sludge cracking roller 1 and the fixed heat insulating sleeve 16 from top to bottom, the gas burner 3 is connected with a first flame arrester 9 through a gas pipeline 22 and a gas mixing valve 23, the secondary cracker 4 is connected with a pipeline converter 6 through a gas mixing pipeline 24 and is connected with a heat exchanger 7 through a high temperature gas pipeline 25, the heat exchanger 7 is connected with a condenser 8 through a low temperature gas pipeline 26, the condenser 8 is connected with a pure gas pipeline 27, a centrifuge 10, a centrifugal separator 10, a heat exchanger, the pure gas tank 28 is connected with the first flame arrester 9, the heat exchanger is connected with the air inlet 30 of the dryer 11 through a waste heat gas pipeline 29, the air outlet 31 of the dryer 11 is connected with the waste heat recoverer 17, the preheated gas of the waste heat recoverer 17 is connected with the gas mixing valve 23 of the gas burner 3 through a hot air outlet 32, a hot air pipeline 33 and a blower 34, and the feed inlet of the sludge cracking drum 1 is connected with the left linkage feeder 12 through a sealer 13. The linkage feeder 12 sends the sludge with the water content of 25-30% into the sludge cracking roller 1 to be subjected to thermal cracking in a closed environment, different components of the sludge are gradually cracked along with the temperature rise in the cracking process, fatty acid and saccharide are cracked at about 300 ℃, then protein is cracked, the temperature is raised to 550 ℃, a small amount of residual sludge is further decomposed and aromatized, finally, all organic matters in the sludge are converted into gaseous, liquid and solid products, the liquid and gaseous products are flammable, and the recovered liquid and gaseous products are used as energy sources for cracking and drying the sludge. In order to save energy, the sludge cracking temperature in the sludge cracking roller 1 is lower than 600 ℃, the liquid product tar is more, the tar contains about 60% of energy of sludge organic matters, the main components are hydrocarbons, aliphatic compounds, aromatic compounds, benzene derivatives, alcohol, ether, water and the like, the tar yield of the activated sludge is higher than that of digested sludge, and the maximum oil yield is about 30%. The mixed gas generated by the sludge cracking drum 1 is separated into tar through a heat exchanger 7 and a condenser 8, and can be converted into combustible gas such as gaseous alkane (CmHn), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2) and the like through high-temperature secondary cracking. The sludge cracking drum 1 cracks sludge to generate mixed gas, the mixed gas needs to be converted into pure gas to enter a gas burner 3 for burning, and the process route is as follows: the sludge cracking drum 1 generates tar-containing gas mixture → passes through the rotary gas outlet pipe 5 → the pipe converter 6 → the gas mixture pipe 24 → the secondary cracker 4, part of the tar is decomposed → passes through the high-temperature gas pipe 25 → the heat exchanger 7, the heat exchanger 7 condenses the undecomposed tar gas into liquid tar and stores the liquid tar in the first oil-water seal tank 35 → the low-temperature gas pipe 26 → the condenser 8, the condenser 8 condenses the tar residual gas into liquid tar and stores the liquid tar in the second oil-water seal tank 36 → the combustible gas passes through the pure gas conveying pipe 27 → the centrifuge 10 → the pure gas tank 28 → the first flame arrester 9 → the gas mixing valve 23 → enters the gas burner 3 for combustion. The process route for converting liquid tar into pure combustible gas comprises the following steps: the first oil-water sealed tank 35 is communicated with the second oil-water sealed tank 36, the water-containing tar in the sealed tank → the tar pipeline 37 → the secondary cracker 4, the liquid tar is cracked into combustible gas under the action of water at high temperature → the pure gas pipeline 38 → the second flame arrester B → the gas mixing valve 23 → the gas burner 3 for combustion. The gas burner 3 of the sludge cracking drum 1 generates a large amount of waste heat during working, the waste heat is directly sent into the dryer 11 through the waste heat smoke tube 39 to dry sludge with the water content of 60 percent, the water content is reduced to 25 to 30 percent, and the waste heat is sent into the linkage feeder 12 through the flood dragon conveying cylinder 64 and enters the sludge cracking drum 1 to be cracked.

The branch-connected superconducting heaters 2 which are fixed on the inner wall surface of the sludge cracking roller 1 and are uniformly distributed in parallel with the inner wall surface of the sludge cracking roller are high-efficiency heat-absorbing and heat-transferring heat dissipation components, and comprise a main pipe 40, a plurality of mutually parallel superconducting branch pipes 41 vertically connected to the main pipe 40, chrysanthemum-shaped heat dissipation fins 42 assembled on the superconducting branch pipes 41, a sleeve 43 arranged in the main pipe 40, two ends of the sleeve 43 are hermetically welded with two ends of the main pipe 40, a gap between the two pipes is 3-6 mm, a liquid alloy superconducting working medium 44 is arranged in the gap, an electric heating pipe 45 is arranged in the sleeve 43, and a power supply lead-out wire 46 of the electric heating pipe 45 is connected with an electric slip ring 47. The cavity formed by the main pipe 40, the plurality of superconducting branch pipes 41 and the sleeve 43 is in a negative pressure state in a static state, and is in a positive pressure state in a working process. The main pipe 40 of the combined superconducting heater 2 is an evaporation end, the plurality of superconducting branch pipes 41 which are parallel to each other and the chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fins 42 which are assembled on the plurality of superconducting branch pipes 41 are condensation ends, heat generated by electrifying the electric heating pipe 45 is rapidly transmitted to the liquid alloy superconducting working medium 44 in the gap between the main pipe and the two pipes of the sleeve pipe through the sleeve pipe 43 in the main pipe, the liquid alloy superconducting working medium 44 is excited to generate thermal vibration, thermal oscillation and instant phase change gasification, and phase change latent heat is transmitted to the sludge 48 in the sludge cracking drum 1 through the plurality of superconducting branch pipes 41 and the chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fins 42. After the heat is transmitted to the sludge 48 by the plurality of superconducting branch pipes 41 of the electric heating superconducting heater 2, the liquid alloy superconducting working medium 44 is changed from a gaseous state into a liquid state, and returns to the gap between the main pipe 40 and the sleeve 43 under the action of gravity and the rotating force of the sludge cracking roller 1, the electric heating pipe 45 continuously supplies heat, the electric heating superconducting heater 2 continues the phase change heat transfer process, and the radiant heat source working by the electric heating pipe 45 is continuously and efficiently supplied to the sludge 48 in the sludge cracking roller 1 to be rapidly cracked and gasified.

The device is characterized in that a plurality of connected superconducting high-temperature heaters G which are uniformly distributed and parallel to the sludge cracking drum are welded on the periphery of the wall of the sludge cracking drum 1, the connected superconducting high-temperature heaters G are efficient heat absorption and heat transfer radiating components, a main pipe G49 is welded on a parallel heat absorption plate 50 on the main pipe G49, a plurality of superconducting branch pipes G51 which are parallel to each other are vertically welded on the main pipe G49, a chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fin G52 which is assembled on the superconducting branch pipes G51 and is arranged on the sludge cracking drum 1, a plurality of superconducting branch pipes G51 which are parallel to each other are welded on the wall of the sludge cracking drum 1, the main pipe G49 of the connected superconducting high-temperature heaters G is an evaporation end, and a plurality of superconducting branch pipes G51 which are parallel to each other and the chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fins G52 which are assembled on the superconducting branch pipes G51 are condensation ends. The cavity formed by the main pipe G49 and the plurality of superconducting branch pipes G51 is in a negative pressure state in a static state, and is in a positive pressure state in a working process, and the liquid alloy superconducting working medium 44 is filled in the main pipe G49. When the gas burner 3 works, the main pipe G49 and the parallel heat absorbing plate 50 welded on the main pipe G49 are heated, the heat is transferred to the liquid alloy superconducting working medium 44 in the main pipe G49 through the main pipe G49, the liquid alloy superconducting working medium 44 is excited to generate thermal vibration, thermal oscillation and instant phase change gasification, phase change latent heat is transferred to the sludge 48 in the sludge cracking drum 1 through the plurality of superconducting branch pipes G51 and the chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fins G52 to be cracked and gasified quickly, and the heat is transferred efficiently in a cycle and a cycle through phase change.

The liquid alloy superconducting working medium 44 added in the branch combined superconducting heaters 2 and the branch combined superconducting high-temperature heaters G is activated liquid potassium-sodium alloy with the working temperature of 400-700 ℃.

The gas burner 3 placed between the lower side of the sludge cracking roller 1 and the fixed heat insulation sleeve 16 is a row of gas heaters, and is composed of a plurality of main pipelines 53 which are connected and communicated in parallel and a spray head 54 arranged on the main pipeline 53, the main pipeline 53 is as long as the sludge cracking roller 1, a heating field for burning combustible gas of the burner 3 surrounds the sludge cracking roller 1, the heating field carries out all-round heating on the sludge cracking roller 1 rolling at 360 degrees, a plurality of heat absorption plates 21 which can absorb heat and are parallel to each other are welded on the outer wall surface of the barrel through a barrel of the sludge cracking roller 1, a plurality of branches which are uniformly distributed in the barrel are connected with the superconducting heaters 2 and a heat dissipation shifting plate which can dissipate heat and shift sludge to move, the gas heat of the gas burner 3 is uniformly conducted to the sludge 48 in the sludge cracking roller 1, the solid state conversion gaseous state process of the sludge 48 in the sludge cracking roller 1 is completed, and the waste heat generated by the gas burner 3 enters the dryer 11 through a waste heat smoke pipe 39 on the sludge cracking roller 1 to dry the sludge with high water content.

The heat exchanger 7 connected through the high-temperature gas pipeline 25 is a waste heat recovery device for continuously cracking sludge of a superconducting high-efficiency harmless sludge treatment device, can generate a large amount of heat by sludge cracking, and is used for dehydrating sludge with high water content after recovery. The heat exchanger is composed of a exchanging box body 55, a middle partition plate 56 and a plurality of superconducting fin heat transfer tubes 57, and is characterized in that the middle partition plate 56 divides the plurality of superconducting fin heat transfer tubes 57 into an upper box body and a lower box body in the exchanging box body 55, a lower box body air inlet 91 of a waste heat recoverer is connected with a high-temperature air pipeline 25, an upper box body hot air outlet 88 is connected with an air inlet 30 of a dryer 11 through a waste heat pipeline 29, tar gas containing a large amount of heat and entering the lower box body of a heat exchanger 7 from a secondary cracker 4 through the high-temperature air pipeline 25 conducts most of the heat to the upper box body through the plurality of superconducting fin heat transfer tubes 57 to heat air entering the upper box body, and the hot air enters the dryer 11. The tar gas containing a large amount of heat is cooled and condensed into liquid tar in a lower box body of the heat exchanger 7, the liquid tar is stored in the first oil-water sealed tank 35, and the tar gas losing part of the tar after cooling enters the condenser 8 through the low-temperature gas pipeline 26.

Condenser 8 of being connected with heat exchanger 7 be shell and tube cooler, there is the cold water import on condenser 8, the warm water export, the mist entry 89, gas outlet 90 is flammable, constitute with cold water as the condensing agent, lose the tar-containing gas mixture of partial tar after the box cooling by heat exchanger 7 and get into condenser 8 through low temperature trachea way 26 and separate out residual tar by cold water cooling, tar flows into second water oil seal jar 36, the tar-free combustible gas of separation gets into pure gas jar 28 through defeated pure gas pipeline 27, centrifuge 10 and filters out acid gas and burns in first spark arrester 9, gas mixing valve 23 to gas burner 3.

The secondary cracker 4 arranged between the lower side of the sludge cracking drum 1 and the gas burner 3 is a high-temperature heat exchanger and consists of a plurality of heating pipes 58, high-temperature metal fins 59 wound on the heating pipes 58 and inlet and outlet connecting pipes. The sludge mixed gas cracked by the sludge cracking drum 1 contains a large amount of tar gas which can not be directly combusted in a combustor, the mixed gas tar gas enters a re-cracker at the high temperature of 700 ℃, the secondary cracking of the tar gas and steam are subjected to reforming reaction in the secondary cracker 4 to generate combustible gas co, H2 and the like, the residual tar is separated by a heat exchanger 7 and a condenser 8 and stored in a first oil-water sealed tank 35 and a second oil-water sealed tank 36, the tar enters the secondary cracker 4 through a tar pipeline 37, and the tar is cracked under the action of the high temperature and the water in the tar to generate the same type of combustible gas. The cracking of tar reduces tar content to the utmost extent, utilizes energy in the tar, improves the gas production rate of sludge, avoids oil and gas pipeline blockage, improves the cleanliness of working environment, saves energy, and also reduces the failure rate of equipment. The tar pyrolysis can crack the tar into permanent gas which is utilized by a sludge treatment device together with combustible gas. The high temperature of 700 ℃ is the cracking final temperature of the sludge cracking mixed gas, the cracking final temperature is the most reasonable temperature in the process of cracking the sludge mixed gas, the gas yield of the mixed gas sent to the secondary cracker 4 at the temperature of 430 ℃ is about 5%, the liquid yield is 40%, the cracking residue yield is about 55%, the gas yield is increased to 50%, the liquid yield is reduced to 10%, and the cracking residue is reduced to about 40% after the mixed gas is subjected to secondary cracking at the high temperature of 700 ℃ in the secondary cracker 4 and is subjected to reforming reaction with steam. The gas yield is increased to 70% after the secondary cracking of the tar and the steam reforming reaction in the secondary cracker 4, and the secondary cracker 4 provides a large amount of heat energy for the sludge rapid continuous cracking treatment device.

The dryer 11 is composed of a dryer box 60, a heating air channel 61, a sludge ventilating grid bed 62 above the heating air channel, a drying chamber 63, a waste heat recoverer 17 and a flood dragon conveying cylinder 64. The hot air heated by the residual heat of the cracked sludge recovered by the heat exchanger 7 through the upper box body enters a heating air channel 61 of the dryer 11 through a residual heat air pipeline 29, and residual heat hot air generated by the gas burner 3 flows through a residual heat smoke pipe 39, enters the dryer 11, is converged, enters the drying chamber 63 from the sludge ventilating grating bed 62 to bake sludge with the water content of about 60 percent, and is sent to the linkage feeder 12 through a dragon conveying cylinder 64 after the dehydrated sludge with the water content of about 30 percent. The waste heat of the baked sludge in the drying chamber 63 enters the waste heat recoverer 17 through the air outlet 31 to be heated, cold air enters the waste heat recoverer 17 to become preheated fresh hot air, and the fresh hot air enters the combustor 3 to be combusted and supplied with oxygen after passing through the hot air outlet 32, the hot air pipeline 33, the blower 34 to the gas mixing valve 23 and being mixed with fuel gas according to a ratio.

The first flame arrester 9 additionally arranged between the gas burner 3 and the pure gas tank 28, and the second flame arrester B between the gas burner 3 and the secondary cracker 4 are safety equipment of a superconductive high-efficiency harmless sludge treatment device, and are safety devices used for preventing flame from backfiring to enter the pure gas tank 28 and the secondary cracker 4 to generate combustible gas flash explosion or detonation when the gas burner 3 is ignited. The first flame arrester 9 and the second flame arrester B have the same structure and are composed of a cylinder, flanges and a metal mesh filter element, wherein the flanges are arranged at two ends of the cylinder, and the metal mesh filter element is tightly arranged between the two flanges. The metal net filter element is formed by overlapping 8-16 layers of stainless steel pore plates with the diameter of 0.23-0.315 mm or overlapping 8-16 layers of 16-22 meshes of metal nets. The net of the first flame arrester 9 has numerous small holes, which will not block the combustible gas when working, when the combustible gas is backfire, the flame entering the first flame arrester 9 will be divided into many tiny flame flows by the holes of the first flame arrester 9, due to the heat transfer function (the gas is cooled) and the wall effect, the flame flow will be quenched instantly, the flame will not be backfire to enter the pure gas tank 28 and the secondary cracker 4.

The linkage feeder 12 comprises a feeding cylinder 65, a feeding hopper 66 and a catalyst tank 67 which are arranged on the feeding cylinder, a catalyst 68 which is arranged in the catalyst tank, an electric feeding screw 69 which is arranged in the feeding cylinder 65, a screw motor 92 and a carbon discharging port 82 which is arranged on the lower cylinder wall of the feeding cylinder 65, wherein the sludge and the catalyst 68 which enter the feeding cylinder 65 from the feeding hopper 66 and the catalyst tank 67 through the screw motor 92 and the electric feeding screw 69 enter the sludge cracking cylinder 1 through a sealer 13 and form a sludge blocking section 70 which seals the sludge cracking cylinder 1 in the sealer 13. The catalyst 68 is a mixed liquid of 70% water, 25% dolomite and 5% Fe2O3 micropowder, and the water in the liquid catalyst is used for meeting the reaction requirement of the sludge in cracking gasification. Experiments show that when the temperature of a sludge cracking reaction zone in the sludge cracking roller 1 is 400-700 ℃, water vapor is used as a gasifying agent to accelerate the sludge reaction, and the gas production conversion rate and the volatile escape rate of garbage are obviously improved. And due to the addition of the water vapor, part of gas released by the sludge reaction reacts with the water vapor first and is further decomposed into other small molecule gas, and part of the small molecule gas can continue to react with the water vapor, so that the whole reaction duration is prolonged, and the total gas yield is increased. Under the water vapor atmosphere of 450 ℃, the total gas yield of the municipal sludge can maximally approach 700L/kg, and the heat value is improved by 40%. The secondary cracker reduces the tar content and utilizes the energy in the tar. Cracking requires very high temperatures (1000 ℃ to 1200 ℃) and is therefore difficult to achieve. The catalyst is used to lower the tar cracking temperature of mixed gas by 700-750 deg.c and raise the cracking efficiency, so that the tar cracking rate can reach 99% in short time, and for most tar components, water vapor has the function of bond in the cracking process, and it can react with tar components to produce CO, H2 and other gas, so as to reduce carbon black and raise the yield of combustible gas. Therefore, the treatment of tar in gas is an essential process for effectively utilizing fuel gas, wherein the high-temperature catalytic cracking of tar is the most effective and advanced method.

The sealer 13 is a dynamic and static combined part linking the fixed part of the feeder 12 and the rotating part of the sludge cracking drum 1, and in order to ensure anaerobic cracking of sludge in the sludge cracking drum 1, air cannot enter the sealer 13 and high-temperature gas cannot overflow. The sealer 13 is composed of an outlet ring 71 welded on the outlet of the linkage feeder 12 and an inlet ring 72 welded on the inlet of the sludge cracking roller 1, the outer diameter of the outlet ring 71 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the inlet ring 72, high-temperature-resistant sealing powder 75 is filled in a cylindrical space 74 formed by the outlet ring 71 and the inlet ring 72, a high-temperature-resistant sealing powder funnel 76 and a valve 77 communicated with the cylindrical space 74 are arranged at the top of the cylindrical space 74, and when the high-temperature-resistant sealing powder 75 is insufficient in the cylindrical space 74, the valve 77 is opened to add the high-temperature-resistant sealing powder 75 into the cylindrical space 74. The high-temperature resistant sealing powder 75 is formed by uniformly mixing 300-mesh ultra-fine quartz sand and 200-mesh graphite powder in a ratio of 6: 4.

The power device 14 comprises a motor 78, a speed reducer 79, a belt pulley 81 welded on the rotary air outlet pipe 5 and a belt 80, the electric automatic controller 15 controls the motor 78 to rotate positively and negatively, the motor 78 rotates at 360 degrees of 6 revolutions per minute through the speed reducer 79, the belt 80, the belt pulley 81, the rotary air outlet pipe 5 and the sludge cracking drum 1 coaxially connected with the rotary air outlet pipe 5, and sludge arranged in the rotation of the sludge cracking drum 1 is turned over between the chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fins and the radiating shifting plate of the superconducting branch pipes, so that the sludge is uniformly heated and is rapidly cracked after being heated.

The electric automatic controller 15 is composed of a box body, a panel, a PLC microprocessor arranged in the box body, and a circuit connected with the linkage feeder 12, the low-speed motor 82 of the rotary air outlet pipe 5, the centrifuge 10, the electric heating pipe 45, the air feeder 34, the spiral motor 92 and the power device 14, wherein the electric automatic controller 15 controls the rotating speed of the motor 78 of the power device and the forward and reverse rotation operation and operation time, the sludge is fed into the sludge cracking roller 1 from the linkage feeder by forward rotation of the sludge cracking roller 1, and carbon cracked by the sludge is led out from the left feed inlet of the sludge cracking roller 1 by reverse rotation. The electric automatic controller 15 can set the input power of the sludge cracking roller 1 according to different sludge varieties.

The rotating air outlet pipe 5 is composed of a low-speed motor 82, a flood dragon 83, a filter screen 84 arranged at the left end and a poking metal strip 85 which are welded together, so that the sludge in the horizontal sludge cracking drum 1 can be prevented from entering the rotating air outlet pipe 5 to block the release of combustible gas generated in the horizontal sludge cracking drum 1.

The fixed heat insulation sleeve 16 arranged around the sludge cracking drum 1 is an inorganic heat insulation material with the heat conductivity coefficient of less than 0.05W/(m.K), the heat-resistant temperature of more than 1000 ℃, such as aluminum silicate polycrystalline fiber cotton, and the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 15 cm-20 cm, so that the temperature on the sludge cracking drum 1 is prevented from diffusing outwards, and the thermal guarantee is provided for sludge cracking.

The working principle of the superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device is as follows: the electric automatic controller 15 is powered on, and the PLC microprocessor starts the power device 14, the centrifuge 10, the screw motor 92, the low-speed motor for rotating the air outlet pipe 5, the blower 34 and the electric heating pipe 45. The electric automatic controller 15 controls the motor 78 to rotate, and the motor 78 rotates at 6 revolutions per minute and 360 degrees per minute through the speed reducer 79, the belt 80, the belt pulley 81, the rotary air outlet pipe 5 and the sludge cracking drum 1 coaxially connected with the rotary air outlet pipe 5. The linkage feeder 12 feeds the sludge and the catalyst 68 entering the feed cylinder 65 from the feed hopper 66 and the catalyst tank 67 through the electric feed screw 69 into the sludge-cracking drum 1 through the sealer 13 and forms a sludge blocking section 70 sealing the sludge-cracking drum 1 in the sealer 13. The sludge in the rotation of the sludge cracking drum 1 turns over between the radiating fins and the radiating shifting plate of the superconducting branch pipes. The heat generated by electrifying the electric heating pipe 45 of the combined superconducting heater 2 is quickly transmitted to the liquid alloy superconducting working medium 44 in the main pipe 40 of the combined superconducting heater 2, the sleeve pipe and the gap between the two pipes through the sleeve pipe 43 in the main pipe 40 of the combined superconducting heater 2, the liquid alloy superconducting working medium 44 is excited to instantly change phase and gasify, and phase change latent heat is uniformly transmitted to sludge 48 in the sludge cracking drum 1 through the plurality of superconducting branch pipes 41 and the chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fins 42. The tar gas and tar in the sludge 48 mixed gas are processed by the heat exchanger 7, the condenser 8 and the secondary cracker 4 to generate pure combustible gas, and the pure combustible gas enters the gas burner 3 for burning, so that heat energy which can not be obtained by a source is provided for the cracking gasification of the sludge 48 in the sludge cracking drum 1. When the pure combustible gas meets the pyrolysis gasification heat energy of the sludge 48 in the sludge pyrolysis roller 1, the combined superconducting heater 2 is closed, the heat obtained by the main pipe G49 of the combined superconducting high-temperature heater G and the parallel heat absorption plate 50 welded on the main pipe G49 is conducted to the sludge 48 in the sludge pyrolysis roller 1 through the superconducting branch pipes G51, the chrysanthemum-shaped heat dissipation fins G52 and the heat dissipation shifting plate, so that the sludge is rapidly pyrolyzed and gasified, and the process is repeated. After the sludge is cracked, the PLC microprocessor controls the motor 78 and the spiral motor 92 of the power device 14 to run reversely, and carbon powder flows out from the carbon discharging opening 86 of the feeding cylinder 65.

Claims

1. A superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device is composed of twenty parts, namely a sludge cracking drum (1), a combined superconducting heater (2), a combined superconducting high-temperature heater (G), a gas burner (3), a secondary cracker (4), a rotary air outlet pipe (5), a pipeline converter (6), a heat exchanger (7), a condenser (8), a first flame arrester (9), a second flame arrester (B), a centrifugal machine (10), a dryer (11), a linkage feeder (12), a sealer (13), a power device (14), an electric automatic controller (15), a fixed heat-insulating sleeve (16), a waste heat recoverer (17) and a bracket (18), the device is characterized in that the sludge cracking roller (1) is a metal horizontal roller which is arranged on a roller sleeve (20) through a rotary air outlet pipe (5) welded together at the left end and two rollers (19) of a bracket (18) and at the right end and can rotate at 360 degrees, a plurality of united superconducting high-temperature heaters (G) which are uniformly distributed and are parallel to the sludge cracking roller (1) are welded on the periphery of the wall of the sludge cracking roller (1), a plurality of heat absorbing plates (21) which can absorb heat and are parallel to each other are welded on the outer wall surface, a plurality of united superconducting heaters (2) which are uniformly distributed and are parallel to the inner wall surface of the sludge cracking roller and are fixed on the inner wall surface, heat can be radiated, A heat dissipation shifting plate for shifting sludge, a fixed heat insulation sleeve (16) is arranged on the periphery of a heat absorption plate (21), a secondary cracker (4) and a gas burner (3) are arranged between the lower side of a sludge cracking roller (1) and the fixed heat insulation sleeve (16) from top to bottom, the gas burner (3) is connected with a first flame arrester (9) through a gas pipeline (22) and a gas mixing valve (23), the secondary cracker (4) is connected with a pipeline converter (6) through a gas mixing pipeline (24), the device is connected with a heat exchanger (7) through a high-temperature gas pipeline (25), the heat exchanger (7) is connected with a condenser (8) through a low-temperature gas pipeline (26), the condenser (8) is connected with a first flame arrester (9) through a pure gas pipeline (27), a centrifugal machine (10) and a pure gas tank (28), the heat exchanger is connected with a dryer (11) gas inlet (30) through a residual heat gas pipeline (29), a dryer (11) gas outlet (31) is connected with a residual heat recoverer (17), preheated gas of the residual heat recoverer (17) is connected with a gas mixing valve (23) of a gas burner (3) through a hot air outlet (32), a hot air pipeline (33) and a blower (34), and a feed inlet of a sludge cracking drum (1) is connected with a left linkage feeder (12) through a sealer (13) to form the device.

2. The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of branch-connected superconducting heaters (2) which are fixed on the inner wall surface of the sludge pyrolysis roller (1) and are uniformly distributed in parallel with the inner wall surface of the sludge pyrolysis roller are efficient heat absorption and heat transfer radiating components, the branch-connected superconducting heaters comprise a main pipe (40), a plurality of superconducting branch pipes (41) which are vertically connected to the main pipe (40) and are parallel to each other, a plurality of chrysanthemum-shaped radiating fins (42) which are assembled on the superconducting branch pipes (41), a sleeve pipe (43) which is assembled in the main pipe (40), two ends of the sleeve pipe (43) and two ends of the main pipe (40) are hermetically welded, a gap between the two pipes is 3-6 mm, a liquid alloy superconducting working medium (44) is filled in the gap, an electric heating pipe (45) is filled in the sleeve pipe (43), and a power supply leading-out wire (46) of the electric heating pipe (45) is connected with an electric slip ring (47).

3. The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of collecting superconducting high temperature heaters (G) which are uniformly distributed and parallel to the sludge pyrolysis drum are welded around the wall of the sludge pyrolysis drum (1), the collecting superconducting high temperature heaters (G) are efficient heat absorption and heat transfer heat dissipation components, each main pipe G (49) is provided with a parallel heat absorption plate (50), each main pipe G (49) is provided with a plurality of mutually parallel superconducting branch pipes G (51), each superconducting branch pipe G (51) is vertically welded on the corresponding main pipe G (49), each chrysanthemum-shaped heat dissipation fin G (52) is assembled on the corresponding superconducting branch pipe G (51) and arranged on the corresponding sludge pyrolysis drum (1), the plurality of mutually parallel superconducting branch pipes G (51) are welded on the wall of the sludge pyrolysis drum (1), the main pipe G (49) of the collecting superconducting high temperature heater (G) is an evaporation end, and the plurality of mutually parallel superconducting branch pipes G (51) and the chrysanthemum-shaped heat dissipation fins G (52) assembled on the corresponding superconducting branch pipes G (51) are condensation ends.

4. The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid alloy superconducting working medium (44) added in the plurality of branch-combined superconducting heaters (2) and the plurality of branch-combined superconducting high-temperature heaters (G) is activated liquid alloy with the working temperature of 400 ℃ to 700 ℃.

5. The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the gas burner (3) placed between the lower side of the sludge pyrolysis drum (1) and the fixed heat insulation sleeve (16) is a row of gas heaters, and comprises a plurality of main pipelines (53) which are connected and communicated in parallel and spray heads (54) arranged on the main pipelines (53), and the main pipelines (53) have the same length as the sludge pyrolysis drum (1).

6. The superconducting high-efficiency harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger (7) connected through the high-temperature gas pipeline (25) is a continuous pyrolysis sludge treatment device for recovering waste heat for a sludge dewatering device, and comprises an exchange box body (55), a middle partition plate (56) and a plurality of superconducting fin heat transfer pipes (57), wherein the middle partition plate (56) separates the plurality of superconducting fin heat transfer pipes (57) into an upper box body and a lower box body in the exchange box body (55), and a lower box body gas inlet (91) of the waste heat recoverer is connected with the high-temperature gas pipeline (25).

7. The superconducting high-efficiency harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the condenser (8) connected with the heat exchanger (7) is a shell and tube cooler, and the condenser (8) is provided with a cold water inlet, a warm water outlet, a mixed gas inlet (89) and a combustible gas outlet (90).

8. The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the secondary pyrolyzer (4) placed between the lower side of the sludge pyrolysis drum (1) and the gas burner (3) is a high temperature heat exchanger, and is composed of a plurality of heating pipes (58), high temperature metal fins (59) wound on the heating pipes (58) and inlet and outlet connecting pipes.

9. The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the dryer (11) is composed of a dryer box body (60), a heating air channel (61), a sludge ventilating grid bed (62) above the heating air channel, a drying chamber (63), a waste heat recoverer (17) and a flood dragon conveying cylinder (64).

10. The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein a first flame arrester (9) is additionally arranged between the gas burner (3) and the pure gas tank (28), a second flame arrester (B) is arranged between the gas burner (3) and the secondary cracker (4), is safety equipment of the superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device, and is composed of flanges at two ends of a cylinder and a metal mesh filter element which is densely arranged between the two flanges, and the metal mesh filter element is formed by overlapping 8-16 layers of stainless steel pore plates with the diameter of 0.23-0.315 mm or overlapping 8-16 layers of 16-22 meshes of metal meshes.

11. The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the linkage feeder (12) comprises a feeding cylinder (65), a feeding hopper (66) and a catalyst tank (67) which are arranged on the feeding cylinder, a catalyst (68) which is arranged in the catalyst tank, an electric feeding screw (69) which is arranged in the feeding cylinder (65), a screw motor (92) and a carbon discharging port (86) which is arranged on the lower cylinder wall of the feeding cylinder (65).

12. The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the sealer (13) is a moving and static combination of a fixed part of the linkage feeder (12) and a rotating part of the sludge cracking drum (1), an outlet ring (71) welded at an outlet of the linkage feeder (12), an inlet ring (72) welded at an inlet of the sludge cracking drum (1), the outer diameter of the outlet ring (71) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the inlet ring (72), high-temperature resistant sealing powder (75) is filled in a cylindrical space (74) formed by the outlet ring (71) and the inlet ring (72), a high-temperature resistant sealing powder funnel (76) and a valve (77) communicated with the cylindrical space (74) are arranged at the top of the cylindrical space (74), and when the high-temperature resistant sealing powder (75) is insufficient in the cylindrical space (74), the high-temperature resistant sealing powder (75) can be added in the cylindrical space (74) by opening the valve (77).

13. The superconducting high-efficiency harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the power device (14) comprises a motor (78), a reducer (79), a belt pulley (81) welded on the rotating gas outlet pipe (5) and a belt (80), and the electric automatic controller (15) controls the motor (78) to rotate forwards and backwards.

14. The superconducting high-efficiency harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the electric automatic controller (15) is composed of a box body, a panel, a PLC microprocessor arranged in the box body, and circuits connected with a linkage feeder (12), a low-speed motor (82) for rotating an air outlet pipe, a centrifuge (10), an electric heating pipe (45), a blower (34), a spiral motor (92) and a power device (14).

15. The superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating gas outlet pipe (5) is composed of a low-speed motor (82), a flood dragon (83), a filter screen (84) arranged at the left end and a toggle metal bar (85) which are welded together.

16. The superconducting high-efficiency harmless sludge treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the fixed heat-insulating sleeve (16) arranged around the sludge cracking drum (1) is an inorganic heat-insulating material with a heat conductivity coefficient of less than 0.05W/(m.K) and a heat-resistant temperature of more than 1000 ℃.