CN218629948U - Potential difference meter - Google Patents
Potential difference meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN218629948U CN218629948U CN202223059704.5U CN202223059704U CN218629948U CN 218629948 U CN218629948 U CN 218629948U CN 202223059704 U CN202223059704 U CN 202223059704U CN 218629948 U CN218629948 U CN 218629948U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a potential difference meter relates to potential difference meter technical field, include: the positive end of the direct-current power supply circuit is connected with the first fixed end of the disc resistor, the second fixed end of the disc resistor is connected with the first fixed end of the array adjustable resistor, the second fixed end of the array adjustable resistor is connected with the negative end of the direct-current power supply circuit, the adjustable end of the disc resistor is connected with one end of the galvanometer, the other end of the galvanometer is connected with the common end of the gating switch, the first gating end of the gating switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first power supply, and the positive electrode of the first power supply is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor; the second gating end of the gating switching tube is used for connecting the negative electrode of a power supply to be tested, and the positive electrode of the power supply to be tested is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor; the encoder is coaxially and mechanically connected with the disc resistor; simplifying the complexity of disc resistance readings.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a potential difference meter technical field, in particular to potential difference meter.
Background
The potential difference meter is an instrument constructed by a compensation principle, can measure the electric quantities such as electromotive force, potential difference (voltage), current, resistance and the like on occasions with high requirement on accuracy, is matched with various transducers, and can also be used for measuring and controlling non-electric quantities such as temperature, displacement and the like; the existing potential difference meter is built by placing ten resistance wires in a box according to a compensation method, adjusting the resistance value through a knob during measurement, and then obtaining the size of the resistance value in the box according to the scale indicated by the knob, wherein the process of obtaining the size of the resistance value in the box is not visual enough.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a potentiometer to solve the problem that the prior potentiometer adjusts the resistance value through the knob, and then obtains the magnitude of the series resistance value in the box according to the scale indicated by the knob, and the process of obtaining the magnitude of the series resistance value in the box is not intuitive enough.
Based on the technical problem, the embodiment of the utility model provides a potential difference meter is provided, include:
the device comprises a direct-current power supply circuit, an array adjustable resistor, a disc resistor, a galvanometer, a gating switch, a first power supply, an encoder, a single chip microcomputer system and a display screen;
the positive end of the direct-current power supply circuit is connected with the first fixed end of the disc resistor, the second fixed end of the disc resistor is connected with the first fixed end of the array adjustable resistor, the second fixed end of the array adjustable resistor is connected with the negative end of the direct-current power supply circuit, the adjustable end of the disc resistor is connected with one end of the galvanometer, the other end of the galvanometer is connected with the common end of the gating switch, the first gating end of the gating switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first power supply, and the positive electrode of the first power supply is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor;
the second gating end of the gating switching tube is used for being connected with the negative electrode of a power supply to be tested, the positive electrode of the power supply to be tested is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor, so that the galvanometer pointer is enabled to return to zero by adjusting the resistance value of the disc resistor, and the electromotive force of the power supply to be tested is measured;
the encoder is mechanically connected with the disc resistor in a coaxial mode, the signal output end of the encoder is connected with the signal input end of the single chip microcomputer system, the display output end of the single chip microcomputer system is connected with the display screen, and the single chip microcomputer system is used for obtaining the resistance value of the disc resistor according to the counting value of the encoder.
The scheme has the following beneficial effects:
the utility model discloses a potentiometer changes last resistance wire into disc resistance, then is connected the rotation axis of disc resistance with the through-hole of encoder, and it is rotatory to drive the encoder when adjusting disc resistance, and single chip microcomputer system record encoder rotates the pulse that produces to calculate the resistance of disc resistance, audio-visual demonstration has simplified the complexity of disc resistance reading on the display screen.
Optionally, the dc power circuit includes:
second power, adjustable resistance and switch, wherein, the anodal of second power is connected the one end of switch, the other end of switch is connected adjustable resistance's first stiff end, adjustable resistance's second stiff end and adjustable end are connected disc resistance's first stiff end.
Optionally, the array adjustable resistor includes:
the starting ends of the ten resistance wires which are sequentially connected in series are connected with the negative end of the direct-current power supply circuit, and the terminal ends of the ten resistance wires which are sequentially connected in series are connected with the second fixed end of the disc resistor.
Optionally, the starting end, the terminal end and the connecting end of the ten resistance wires connected in series in sequence are used as adjustable ends of the array adjustable resistor and are used for connecting the first power supply or the anode of the power supply to be tested.
Optionally, the length, diameter, resistivity and total resistance of each resistance wire are the same.
Optionally, the resistance value of each resistance wire is 10 ohms.
Optionally, the potentiometer further comprises: and one end of the protection circuit is connected with the anode of the first power supply, and the other end of the protection circuit is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor.
Optionally, the protection circuit includes: the first end of the first resistor is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor, and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor; the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor and the second end of the second resistor are used for being connected with the anode of the first power supply or the power supply to be tested.
Optionally, the encoder is a through-hole encoder.
Optionally, the maximum resistance value of the disc resistor is 10 ohms.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first potential difference meter circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a second potential difference meter provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
the symbols are as follows:
1. a DC power supply circuit; 2. an array adjustable resistor; 3. an encoder; 4. a single chip system; 5. a display screen; 6. a protection circuit; es, a first power supply; E. a second power supply; ex, a power supply to be tested; s1, gating a switch; s2, switching; r1, a disc resistor; G. a galvanometer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention.
In one embodiment, there is provided a potentiometer as shown in fig. 1, the potentiometer comprising:
the device comprises a direct-current power supply circuit 1, an array adjustable resistor 2, a disc resistor R1, a galvanometer G, a gating switch S1, a first power supply Es, an encoder 3, a singlechip system 4 and a display screen 5; the positive end of the direct-current power supply circuit 1 is connected with the first fixed end of the disc resistor R1, the second fixed end of the disc resistor R1 is connected with the first fixed end of the array adjustable resistor 2, the second fixed end of the array adjustable resistor 2 is connected with the negative end of the direct-current power supply circuit 1, the adjustable end of the disc resistor R1 is connected with one end of the galvanometer G, the other end of the galvanometer G is connected with the public end of the gating switch S1, the first gating end of the gating switch S1 is connected with the negative electrode of the first power supply Es, and the positive electrode of the first power supply Es is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor 2.
The second gating end of the gating switch S1 is used for being connected with the negative electrode of a power supply Ex to be measured, the positive electrode of the power supply Ex is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor 2, so that the pointer of the galvanometer G is enabled to return to zero by adjusting the resistance value of the disc resistor R1, and the electromotive force of the power supply Ex to be measured is measured.
In this embodiment, encoder 3 and the coaxial mechanical connection of disc resistance R1, single chip microcomputer system 4 is connected to encoder 3's signal output part, and display screen 5 is connected to single chip microcomputer system 4's display output end, and single chip microcomputer system 4 is used for obtaining disc resistance R1's resistance value according to encoder 3's count value.
The principle of electromotive force compensation is as follows:
the first power source Es, the power source Ex to be detected and the galvanometer G form a closed loop, and when the first power source Es is larger than the power source Ex to be detected, a pointer of the galvanometer deflects to one side; when the first power source Es < the power source Ex to be measured, the pointer of the galvanometer deflects to the other side; when the first power source Es = the power source Ex to be measured, the galvanometer pointer is not deflected, and there is no current in the loop at this time I =0, and these two electromotive forces are in a compensation state, conversely, when I =0, es = Ex.
The working process of the potential difference meter is as follows:
the direct current power supply circuit 1 outputs a preset voltage U, and when the switch S1 is not connected with the first power supply Es and not connected with the power supply Ex to be tested, the current I flowing through the second fixed end A of the array adjustable resistor 2 and the first fixed end B of the disc resistor R1 at the moment 0 And a voltage U between the adjustable end C of the array adjustable resistor 2 and the adjustable end D of the disc resistor R1 CD Are respectively as
I 0 ＝U/(R+R AB )
U CD ＝U C -U D ＝U*R CD /(R+R AB )
Wherein R is the total resistance of the DC power supply circuit 1, U C Voltage at point C, U D Voltage at point D, R CD Is the resistance between C, D AB Resistance between points A, B; when the gating switch S1 is connected with a first power supply Es, the first power supply Es and the galvanometer G are connected between the two points A, B, the first power supply Es is a known standard power supply, and the resistance value of the disc resistor R1 is properly adjusted to change the voltage U CD When U is formed CD UEs is the electromotive force of the first power source Es, the pointer of the galvanometer G points to zero, no current flows in the first power source Es, and U is started when U is started CD Is the electromotive force of the first power source ES, the potentiometer G reaches equilibrium; the array adjustable resistor 2 is formed by connecting a plurality of resistance wires with uniform thickness in series, the maximum resistance value of the disc resistor R1 is the same as the resistance value of a single resistance wire in the array adjustable resistor 2, then, the length of the resistance wire connected into the array adjustable resistor 2 can be obtained, the disc resistor R1 rotates to drive the encoder 3 to rotate, the pulse number sent by the encoder 3 is recorded in real time by the singlechip system 4, the rotation angle of the disc resistor R1 is grasped and converted, the resistance value of the disc resistor R1 can be obtained, then the resistance wire length is converted, the length ls between C, D can be obtained, the thickness of each part of the resistance wire is uniform, the resistivity is equal, and the voltage drop in the unit length of the resistance wire is UEs/ls.
At the guaranteed current I 0 Under the same conditions, willThe gating switch S1 is connected with a power supply Ex to be detected, a first power supply Es between the two points C, D is connected with the power supply Ex to be detected in a switching mode, and because Es is not equal to Ex under the common condition, a pointer of a galvanometer G deflects left or right, and a potential difference meter loses balance; at this time, if the resistance of the disc resistor R1 is properly adjusted to change U CD When U is formed CD When the value is = UEx, the UEx is the power supply E to be tested X The pointer of the galvanometer G points to zero again, the distance between the two points C, D obtained by the method is lx, and the electromotive force of the battery to be tested is lx
UEx＝UEs*lx/ls
Therefore, after the potential difference meter is adjusted to be balanced, the electromotive force of the power supply to be measured can be easily obtained as long as the lx value is accurately measured.
The potential difference meter of this embodiment changes last resistance wire into disc resistance, then is connected the rotation axis of disc resistance with the through-hole of encoder, drives the encoder rotation when adjusting disc resistance, and single chip microcomputer system record encoder rotates the pulse that produces to calculate the resistance of disc resistance, audio-visual demonstration has simplified the complexity of disc resistance reading on the display screen.
In an embodiment, a potentiometer as shown in fig. 2 is provided, which provides a dc power circuit 1, an array adjustable resistor 2 and a protection circuit 6 on the basis of the potentiometer of fig. 1, wherein the dc power circuit 1 includes a second power source E, an adjustable resistor R2 and a switch S2, wherein a positive electrode of the second power source E is connected to one end of the switch S2, another end of the switch S2 is connected to a first fixed end of the adjustable resistor R2, and a second fixed end and an adjustable end of the adjustable resistor R2 are connected to a first fixed end of the disk resistor R1; the switch S2 can control the on and off of the direct current power supply circuit 1, and can conveniently control voltage output; the adjustable resistor R2 can be used for fine tuning the voltage output by the second power supply E to meet the actual requirement.
In this embodiment, one end of the protection circuit 6 is connected to the positive electrode of the first power source Es, and the other end of the protection circuit 6 is connected to the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor 2; the protection circuit 6 comprises a resistor R3 and a resistor R4, wherein the first end of the resistor R3 is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor 2, and the second end of the resistor R3 is connected with the first end of the resistor R4; the first end of the resistor R3, the second end of the resistor R3 and the second end of the resistor R4 are used for being connected with the positive electrode of the first power source Es or the positive electrode of the power source Ex to be tested so as to be connected into different resistance values in a time-sharing mode, and the whole circuit is protected.
In this embodiment, the array adjustable resistor 2 includes ten resistance wires connected in series in sequence, the starting ends of the ten resistance wires connected in series in sequence are connected to the negative end of the dc power supply circuit 1, the terminal ends of the ten resistance wires connected in series in sequence are connected to the second fixed end of the disc resistor R1, the length, diameter, resistivity and total resistance of each resistance wire are the same, and the resistance value of each resistance wire is 10 ohms.
The starting end, the terminal end and the connecting end of the ten resistance wires which are sequentially connected in series are 11 terminals which are used as the adjustable ends of the array adjustable resistor 2 and are used for being connected with the positive electrode of the first power source Es or the power source Ex to be tested, and the length of the connected resistance wires can be adjusted by changing the access end of the point C at the array adjustable resistor 2.
In this embodiment, the maximum resistance of the disc resistor is also 10 ohms, and the RXG24 gold aluminum case resistor is selected.
In the embodiment, the encoder is a through-hole encoder and is coaxially connected with the disc resistor R1 through a coupler, and the disc resistor R1 can drive the encoder 3 to rotate when rotating, so that the encoder 3 counts; the type of the encoder is BS28T08-5L-1000BM.
In this embodiment, the single chip microcomputer model that single chip microcomputer system 4 chose for use is STM32F407ZET6.
The digital display principle of the implementation rate is as follows:
the shaft of the disc resistor R1 is connected with the cylinder of the encoder 3 by a coupler to enable the disc resistor R1 and the cylinder of the encoder 3 to synchronously rotate, then the shell of the encoder 3 is fixed by two wood blocks to facilitate rotation, when a knob is rotated, the resistance value of the disc resistor R1 is changed, the rotary encoder 3 outputs a pulse signal, 3 signals including a, b and z are sent out, if the rotary knob is rotated in the forward direction, the phase of the signal a is 90 degrees ahead of that of the signal b, if the rotary knob is rotated in the reverse direction, the phase of the signal b is 90 degrees ahead of that of the signal a, and because different phases of the pulse, the counting can be increased or reduced, the pulse sent out by the rotary encoder can be received by a single chip microcomputer stm32, and the pulse is counted by the single chip microcomputer stm 32.
Because a 1000-wire encoder is used, and the shaft of the disc resistor R1 can only rotate 270 degrees, when the disc resistor changes from zero to the maximum, the encoder outputs 750 pulses in total, in order to read the length of the resistance wire corresponding to the disc resistor R1 conveniently, the single chip microcomputer multiplies the count value by 1000 and divides the count value by 750 to be displayed by the display screen 5, if the point C is connected with the terminal 2_4 of the array adjustable resistor 2, and the numerical value on the display screen is 71, the final reading is 4.071 m.
The specific measurement process is as follows:
connect first power Es to the circuit in, galvanometer G pointer takes place to deflect this moment, adjust disc resistance R1's resistance, make the deflection of galvanometer G pointer reduce gradually, treat that the pointer points to zero basically, transfer to zero protection circuit 6's resistance, continue to adjust mains voltage or disc resistance R1's resistance, make galvanometer G point to zero at the maximum sensitivity, record first power Es and can offset the voltage on the how long resistance wire, the reading is 5 meters.
Adjusting the resistance value in the protection circuit to 11000 ohms, after the battery to be tested is connected, enabling a pointer of a galvanometer G to deviate, changing different connection ends of a point C in the array adjustable resistor 2, and gradually reducing the deflection angle of the pointer of the galvanometer G, wherein for example, seven meters are not enough to eight meters but can only be selected to seven meters; then, adjusting the resistance value of the protection circuit 6 to zero, and slowly and clockwise rotating a knob of the disc resistor R1 to enable the galvanometer G to point to zero; and recording the value at the moment to be 7.625 meters, dividing 7.625 meters by five meters, and multiplying by 1.01862V to obtain the electromotive force of the battery to be tested, wherein 1.01862V is the voltage of the first power source Es.
The potentiometer of the embodiment has the following characteristics:
(1) The last resistance wire is changed into the disc resistor, then the rotating shaft of the disc resistor is connected with the through hole of the encoder, the encoder is driven to rotate when the disc resistor is adjusted, the single chip microcomputer system records the pulse generated by the rotation of the encoder, and therefore the resistance value of the disc resistor is calculated, visual display is achieved on the display screen, and the complexity of reading of the disc resistor is simplified.
(2) The protection circuit can adjust the resistance value of access, thereby protect the potential difference meter.
(3) Resistance wires with the same resistance value, length and resistivity are selected to form the array adjustable resistor, and the length of the resistance wire connected into the array adjustable resistor can be read very conveniently.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A potentiometer, comprising:
the device comprises a direct-current power supply circuit, an array adjustable resistor, a disc resistor, a galvanometer, a gating switch, a first power supply, an encoder, a single chip microcomputer system and a display screen;
the positive end of the direct-current power supply circuit is connected with the first fixed end of the disc resistor, the second fixed end of the disc resistor is connected with the first fixed end of the array adjustable resistor, the second fixed end of the array adjustable resistor is connected with the negative end of the direct-current power supply circuit, the adjustable end of the disc resistor is connected with one end of the galvanometer, the other end of the galvanometer is connected with the common end of the gating switch, the first gating end of the gating switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first power supply, and the positive electrode of the first power supply is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor;
the second gating end of the gating switching tube is used for being connected with the negative electrode of a power supply to be tested, the positive electrode of the power supply to be tested is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor, so that the galvanometer pointer is enabled to return to zero by adjusting the resistance value of the disc resistor, and the electromotive force of the power supply to be tested is measured;
the encoder is mechanically connected with the disc resistor in a coaxial mode, the signal output end of the encoder is connected with the signal input end of the single chip microcomputer system, the display output end of the single chip microcomputer system is connected with the display screen, and the single chip microcomputer system is used for obtaining the resistance value of the disc resistor according to the counting value of the encoder.
2. The potentiometer according to claim 1, wherein the dc power supply circuit comprises:
second power, adjustable resistance and switch, wherein, the anodal of second power is connected the one end of switch, the other end of switch is connected adjustable resistance's first stiff end, adjustable resistance's second stiff end and adjustable end are connected disc resistance's first stiff end.
3. The potentiometer according to claim 1, wherein the array of adjustable resistors comprises:
the starting ends of the ten resistance wires which are sequentially connected in series are connected with the negative end of the direct-current power supply circuit, and the terminal ends of the ten resistance wires which are sequentially connected in series are connected with the second fixed end of the disc resistor.
4. The potentiometer according to claim 3, wherein the starting end, the terminal end and the connecting end of the ten resistance wires connected in series in sequence are used as adjustable ends of the array adjustable resistor and are used for connecting the first power supply or the anode of the power supply to be measured.
5. A potentiometer according to claim 3, characterized in that the length, diameter, resistivity and total resistance of each resistance wire are the same.
6. A potentiometer according to claim 3, characterized in that the resistance of each resistance wire is 10 ohms.
7. The potentiometer according to claim 1, further comprising:
and one end of the protection circuit is connected with the anode of the first power supply, and the other end of the protection circuit is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor.
8. The potentiometer according to claim 7, wherein the protection circuit comprises:
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the adjustable end of the array adjustable resistor, and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor; the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor and the second end of the second resistor are used for being connected with the anode of the first power supply or the power supply to be tested.
9. The potentiometer according to claim 1, wherein the encoder is a through-hole encoder.
10. The potentiometer according to claim 1, wherein the disc resistor has a maximum resistance of 10 ohms.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223059704.5U CN218629948U (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Potential difference meter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223059704.5U CN218629948U (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Potential difference meter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN218629948U true CN218629948U (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202223059704.5U Active CN218629948U (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Potential difference meter |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN218629948U (en) |
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- 2022-11-17 CN CN202223059704.5U patent/CN218629948U/en active Active
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