CN218601097U - Powder apparent viscosity measurement system - Google Patents
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- CN218601097U CN218601097U CN202222925401.0U CN202222925401U CN218601097U CN 218601097 U CN218601097 U CN 218601097U CN 202222925401 U CN202222925401 U CN 202222925401U CN 218601097 U CN218601097 U CN 218601097U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an apparent viscosity measurement system of powder, the system includes: a storage bin; the gas source gas supply device is connected with the storage bin and is used for injecting gas into the storage bin so as to enable powder in the storage bin to be discharged from a storage bin outlet of the storage bin; the weight sensor is positioned below the outlet of the storage bin and is used for weighing the powder mass discharged by the storage bin; the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure in the stock bin; and the processor is respectively electrically connected with the weight sensor and the pressure sensor, and is used for acquiring the mass of the powder and the pressure in the storage bin and outputting the mass flow rate of the discharged material and the apparent viscosity of the powder. The utility model discloses can measure the apparent viscosity of powder fast accurately, and be applicable to the apparent viscosity measurement of various mobile powder, easy operation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a powder viscosity measurement technical field, in particular to apparent viscosity measurement system of powder.
Background
At present, the measurement and characterization of the apparent viscosity of powder mainly depend on the principle of a rotational viscometer, a shearing characteristic curve of a sample is obtained by shearing a powder bed layer, and the interrelation between the shearing stress and the strain of the powder is analyzed, so that the apparent viscosity of the powder is obtained. However, the method is applicable to fluid, the method for measuring the powder has a lot of uncertainty, is influenced by instrument parameters and experimental operation, has a certain distance from perfection, has greatly different properties of the fluid and the powder, has more influencing factors during detection of the powder, needs to be professional in operation, and has no mature instrument for measuring the apparent viscosity of the powder.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to provide a powder apparent viscosity measurement system in order to overcome the unsafe defect of powder apparent viscosity measurement among the prior art.
The utility model discloses an above-mentioned technical problem is solved through following technical scheme:
provided is a powder apparent viscosity measurement system including:
a storage bin;
the gas source gas supply device is connected with the storage bin and is used for injecting gas into the storage bin so as to enable powder in the storage bin to be discharged from a storage bin outlet of the storage bin;
the weight sensor is positioned below the outlet of the storage bin and used for weighing the powder mass discharged from the storage bin;
the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure in the storage bin;
the processor is respectively electrically connected with the weight sensor and the pressure sensor and is used for acquiring the mass of the powder and the pressure in the storage bin and outputting the mass flow rate of the discharged material and the apparent viscosity of the powder.
Optionally, the gas source supply device comprises a pipeline, and a needle valve and a flow meter arranged on the pipeline;
one end of the pipeline is used for inputting external air supply equipment, and the other end of the pipeline is connected with the storage bin;
the flowmeter is used for measuring the gas flow in the pipeline;
the processor is also electrically connected with the needle valve and the flowmeter respectively, and is used for acquiring the gas flow and sending an adjusting instruction to the needle valve so as to adjust the opening of the needle valve.
Optionally, the gas source supply device comprises a cold dryer, the cold dryer is arranged on the pipeline, and the cold dryer is used for removing moisture and impurities in the gas.
Optionally, the air supply device further comprises an air storage tank, the air storage tank is arranged on the pipeline, and the air storage tank is used for storing and buffering air.
Optionally, the storage bin further comprises a pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve is arranged at the top of the storage bin, and the pressure relief valve is electrically connected with the processor; the powder apparent viscosity measurement system also comprises a comparator;
one input end of the comparator is electrically connected with the pressure sensor, the other input end of the comparator is used for inputting an upper limit value of a safe pressure range, and the output end of the comparator is electrically connected with the processor;
the comparator is used for sending a trigger signal to the processor when the pressure in the storage bin is larger than the upper limit value of the safety pressure range;
the processor is used for sending an opening instruction to the pressure relief valve when receiving the trigger signal so as to open the pressure relief valve.
Optionally, the silo includes a cylindrical silo body and a conical blanking silo body connected with the cylindrical silo body.
Optionally, the gas supply device comprises a compressor, and the compressor is connected with the gas source supply device and used for supplying gas to the gas source supply device.
Optionally, the powder apparent viscosity measurement system further includes a display electrically connected to the processor for displaying the feeding mass flow rate, the pressure in the bin, and the powder apparent viscosity.
Optionally, the powder apparent viscosity measurement system further comprises an alarm, and the alarm is electrically connected with the output end of the comparator and the processor respectively;
the comparator is also used for sending a trigger signal to the alarm when the pressure in the storage bin is greater than the upper limit value of the safety pressure range;
the alarm is used for generating an alarm prompt when receiving the trigger signal.
The utility model discloses an actively advance the effect and lie in: the utility model discloses can measure the apparent viscosity of powder fast accurately, and be applicable to the apparent viscosity measurement of various mobile powder, easy operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder apparent viscosity measurement system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a infinitesimal force analysis involved in the derivation of a modified poiseuille equation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for determining a viscosity calculation model according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an apparent viscosity measurement result of a non-viscous powder provided by a first experiment in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a result of an experiment of blanking the viscous powder bin provided in the second experiment of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an apparent viscosity measurement result of the viscous powder provided in the second experiment according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph showing the results of experiment one and experiment two comparing the viscosity measurement results of the conventional method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be more clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a powder apparent viscosity measurement system provided by the present invention, which includes an air supply device, a storage bin 17, a pressure sensor 18, a processor 19, and a weight sensor 110; the gas source gas supply device is connected with the bin 17 through a pipeline 14 and used for injecting gas into the bin 17 so as to enable powder in the bin 17 to be discharged from a bin outlet of the bin 17, the weight sensor 110 is located below the bin outlet of the bin 17 and used for weighing the mass of the powder discharged from the bin 17, the pressure sensor 18 is used for detecting the pressure in the bin 17, the processor 19 is electrically connected with the weight sensor 110 and the pressure sensor 18 and used for determining the discharging mass flow rate according to the mass change of the powder and determining the apparent viscosity of the powder according to the discharging mass flow rate, the pressure in the bin 17 and a viscosity calculation model, and the viscosity calculation model represents the corresponding relation between the discharging mass flow rate and the pressure in the bin 17 and the apparent viscosity.
In one embodiment, the silo 17 is composed of a conical hopper and a cylindrical silo, wherein the silo 17 can be a conical silo or a silo, and the preferred structure is the conical silo; the gas injected by the gas supply device can be compressed gas from a compressor or a steel cylinder, and is preferably inert gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the like.
In one embodiment, the gas supply device comprises a pipe 14, and a needle valve 13 and a flow meter 15 disposed on the pipe 14, one end of the pipe 14 is used for inputting an external gas supply device, the other end of the pipe 14 is connected to the bin 17, the flow meter 15 is used for measuring the gas flow in the pipe 14, and the processor 19 is further electrically connected to the needle valve 13 and the flow meter 15 respectively, and is used for adjusting the opening degree of the needle valve 13 according to the gas flow in the pipe 14, so that the gas flow injected into the bin 17 by the gas supply device reaches a target flow rate. Wherein, the target flow is set according to the actual situation. The target flow rate can maintain smooth powder discharging, the range of the target flow rate is preferably such that the lower limit of the gas speed in the storage bin exceeds the critical arch breaking gas speed, and the upper limit of the gas speed does not exceed the powder escape speed, wherein the escape speed is the minimum speed of the powder leaving the storage bin.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, can ensure that atmospheric pressure in the feed bin 17 keeps invariable under the gas flow condition of confirming, make the powder at the uniform velocity unloading to it is more accurate to make the measuring result of powder apparent viscosity.
In one embodiment, the gas supply device includes a freeze dryer 11, and the freeze dryer 11 is disposed on the pipeline 14 and is configured to remove moisture and impurities from the gas, so that the gas filled in the storage bin 17 is clean and does not affect the measurement of the apparent viscosity of the powder.
In one embodiment, the gas supply device comprises a gas storage tank 12, and the gas storage tank 12 is disposed on the pipeline 14 and is used for storing and buffering gas, so as to keep a first pressure difference in the storage bin 17 constant, so that the powder flows under the constant first pressure difference, and the accuracy of the apparent viscosity measurement of the powder is improved, wherein the first pressure difference is the difference between the pressure in the storage bin and the atmospheric pressure.
In one embodiment, the storage bin comprises a pressure relief valve 16, the pressure relief valve 16 is arranged at the top of the storage bin 17 and is electrically connected with the processor 19, the powder apparent viscosity measurement system further comprises a comparator, one input end of the comparator is electrically connected with the pressure sensor, the other input end of the comparator is used for inputting the upper limit value of the safe pressure range, and the output end of the comparator is electrically connected with the processor 19 and is used for sending a trigger signal to the processor 19 when the pressure in the storage bin is greater than the upper limit value of the safe pressure range (110% of the design pressure value of the storage bin); the processor 19 sends an opening instruction to the pressure release valve 16 when receiving the trigger signal, and opens the pressure release valve 16, so that the pressure in the storage bin 17 is within a safe pressure range, the pressure in the storage bin 17 is prevented from being too large, and the safe operation in the storage bin 17 is ensured.
Wherein, safe pressure range sets up according to actual conditions by oneself.
In one embodiment, the storage bin 17 comprises a cylindrical bin body and a conical discharging bin body connected with the cylindrical bin body, so that the discharging flow of powder is facilitated, and the discharged powder is easy to collect.
In one embodiment, the gas supply device comprises a compressor, and the compressor is connected with the gas source supply device and is used for supplying gas to the gas source supply device, so that the gas is not influenced by the environment such as temperature, dust and the like, and the safety and stability of the gas are guaranteed.
In one embodiment, the powder apparent viscosity measurement system includes a display electrically connected to the processor 19 for displaying the feed mass flow rate, the pressure in the hopper 17, and the apparent viscosity of the powder to visualize the results.
In one embodiment, the powder apparent viscosity measurement system further comprises an alarm, the alarm is electrically connected with the output end of the comparator and the processor 19 respectively, the comparator is further used for sending a trigger signal to the alarm when the pressure in the storage bin is larger than the upper limit value of the safe pressure range, and the alarm is used for generating an alarm prompt when receiving the trigger signal sent by the comparator, so that the over-high pressure in the storage bin 17 is prevented, and the safe operation in the storage bin 17 is ensured.
The working principle of the powder apparent viscosity measurement system is further explained with reference to fig. 1:
after powder with a certain material level is added into a bin 17, gas is introduced into a gas source gas supply device from a gas inlet, the gas flows through a cold dryer 11 for drying and impurity removal and then enters a gas storage tank 12, then flows into the bin 17 through a pipeline 14, a flowmeter 15 measures the gas flow in the pipeline 14 during the gas flow, the opening degree of a needle valve 13 is reduced when the gas flow reaches a target flow value, the gas flow entering the bin 17 is controlled to be the target flow value through the needle valve 13 and the flowmeter 15, the powder is discharged and flows after the pressure in the bin 17 reaches a specified pressure (if the pressure in the bin 17 is larger than the upper limit value of a safe pressure range, an alarm gives an alarm), the powder is discharged and gathered in a weight sensor 110 from a bin outlet of the bin 17, the mass of the powder weighed and conveyed to a processor 19, the processor 19 obtains the numerical values of the weight sensor 110 and the pressure sensor 18, calculates the discharge mass flow rate according to the change of the powder mass along with time, and calculates the apparent viscosity of the powder according to the discharge mass flow rate, and displays the apparent flow rate of the powder on a display of the model.
In order to calculate the apparent viscosity of the powder, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a viscosity calculation model based on a powder apparent viscosity measurement system, as shown in fig. 3, the method for determining the viscosity calculation model includes the following steps:
Wherein, the apparent viscosity measurement system of powder is the system that any one of the above-mentioned embodiments provided.
In one embodiment, fitting parameters in the corresponding relation are obtained by performing nonlinear fitting on the data of the first pressure difference and the data of the blanking mass flow rate, the fitting result can be more ideal by increasing the data amount of data fitting, and the data of the blanking mass flow rate is determined according to the powder mass and the blanking duration.
The specific steps for determining the correspondence are described below:
adding powder into a bin, filling gas into the bin to increase the pressure in the bin, opening a blanking valve at a specified pressure P, and blanking the powder to flow under a constant first pressure difference delta P, wherein the first pressure difference is the difference between the pressure in the bin and the atmospheric pressure; collecting the blanking mass M of the powder, calculating the blanking mass flow rate by recording the blanking duration, and determining that the corresponding relation between the blanking mass flow rate and the first pressure difference is as follows:
W＝αΔP β ，
wherein W is the blanking mass flow rate of the powder, the blanking mass of the powder in unit time is represented, and alpha and beta are fitting parameters;
and 302, carrying out stress analysis on the powder in the storage bin to obtain a force balance equation representing the powder infinitesimal.
The specific steps of step 302 are:
taking the bin shown in fig. 2 as an example, taking the powder infinitesimal to perform stress analysis, and obtaining an expression of the adhesive force of the powder infinitesimal as follows:
wherein pi is the circumferential rate, r is an integral variable used in derivation, wherein the integral variable is any distance between the center point of the storage bin and the wall surface of the storage bin, eta is the apparent viscosity of fluid flowing in a laminar flow manner in the storage bin, l is the height of a powder bed layer in the storage bin, namely the height of powder accumulated in the storage bin, v is the powder infinitesimal flow velocity, f is the powder infinitesimal flow velocity r And f r+dr The powder microelements have the adhesive force at r and r + dr respectively.
And obtaining the resultant force acting on the powder infinitesimal according to an adhesive force expression:
wherein G is the gravity borne by the powder infinitesimal, and f is the resultant force borne by the powder infinitesimal;
in the stable feeding stage, the flow of the powder infinitesimal is regarded as an equilibrium state, namely the resultant force f borne by the powder infinitesimal is balanced with the second differential pressure acting on the powder infinitesimal, and the force balance equation is as follows:
wherein p is a Is the pressure, p, on the upper surface of the powder body b The pressure on the lower surface of the powder micro element is used, and the second pressure difference is the pressure difference between the lower surface and the upper surface of the powder micro element;
and 303, correcting the Poiseup equation according to the force balance equation to obtain a corrected Poiseup equation suitable for blanking of the bin.
In one embodiment, the modified Poiseuille equation is obtained by analyzing the powder infinitesimal stress and the flow field parameters in the silo.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
carrying out stress analysis on the powder infinitesimal to obtain the gravity borne by the powder infinitesimal under the compression action, wherein the gravity expression is as follows:
G＝-ρg2πrldr，
wherein rho is the bulk density, and g is the gravity acceleration;
simplifying a force balance equation and a gravity expression to obtain an expression as follows:
and integrating the expression to obtain a mathematical relationship between the apparent viscosity and the second pressure difference, wherein the mathematical relationship expression is as follows:
wherein R is the upper limit of integral, namely the inner diameter of a silo of the silo, R 0 The lower integration limit, i.e., the bin outlet inner diameter. v. of R The flow velocity at the wall of the silo inner wall can be considered as zero.
The flow speed at the center in the storage bin can be obtained through a continuity equation,
the expression is as follows:
due to the fact that
R 2 -r 0 2 ≈R 2 。p a -p b ＝ΔP。
By substituting the above equations into the integrated equation, a modified poiseuille equation can be obtained:
and step 304, substituting the corresponding relation between the blanking mass flow rate and the first pressure difference into a corrected Poiseuille equation to construct a viscosity calculation model.
Constructing a viscosity calculation model according to the corresponding relation between the blanking mass flow rate and the first pressure difference obtained in the step 301 and the corrected Poiseuille equation obtained in the step 303 as follows:
the viscosity calculation model is used for calculating the apparent viscosity of the powder infinitesimal substances, so that the apparent viscosity of the powder with a motion law different from that of solid, liquid and gas substances is accurately measured and calculated, measurement means of powder rheological parameters are enriched, and a new thought is provided for the measurement of the powder rheological parameters.
The effect of the powder apparent viscosity measurement system and the viscosity calculation model is further explained by combining the experimental data as follows:
experiment I, selecting non-viscous glass microsphere powder GB with an average particle size of 51 mu m, wherein the inner diameter of a cylindrical silo of a silo is 150mm, the diameter of an outlet of a conical silo is 10mm, and the half cone angle is 15 degrees.
Developing a stock bin blanking experiment, comprising the following specific steps:
powder is added into a stock bin, the height corresponding to a powder bed layer is 285mm, gas is introduced into the stock bin to ensure that the first pressure difference in the stock bin is in the range of 0-20kPa, the powder is discharged and flows under constant first pressure difference, the experimental results of the first pressure difference and the discharge mass flow rate are obtained, the obtained data are substituted into the corresponding relation to obtain the numerical values of fitting parameters alpha and beta, and then the alpha, beta, the physical parameters of the powder and the structural parameters of the stock bin are substituted into a viscosity calculation model to obtain the corresponding apparent viscosities of the powder under different discharge mass flow rates, which are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The micro flow velocity of the powder can be further changedCalculating the shearing rate (gamma) of the obtained powder micro-element flow, wherein the conversion relation is as follows:
the apparent viscosity of the powder was changed with the shear rate, and the result is shown in FIG. 4.
Experiment two, selecting a viscous powder alumina Al with the average grain diameter of about 5 mu m 2 O 3 A bulk density of 518kg/m 3 The structural parameters of the bin and the parameters such as the height of the powder bed layer are the same as those in the first experiment.
A bin blanking experiment is carried out as shown in experiment one, the relation between the first pressure difference and the mass blanking flow rate is obtained as shown in fig. 5, wherein fitting parameters alpha and beta are 0.656 and 2.03 respectively, and the apparent viscosity measurement result of the powder obtained through calculation of the viscosity calculation model is shown in fig. 6.
Comparing the apparent viscosity of the powder obtained in the first experiment and the second experiment with the measurement result of the FT4 powder Rheometer, the result is shown in FIG. 7, wherein Silo is data obtained by performing a bin blanking experiment, and the Rheometer is data obtained by the powder Rheometer.
The apparent viscosity calculation method taking the rheometer as a characterization means comprises the following steps:
where A is the device calibration coefficient, which can be obtained by calibrating a fluid of known viscosity. D is the diameter of the blade, N r The parameter is the angular velocity of the rotation of the blade, T is the torque applied to the blade, and the parameter can be obtained by measuring a flow energy testing module carried by the powder rheometer. The shear rates of the blades were:
h is the depth of penetration of the blade, again obtained by rheometer measurements.
The result of the apparent viscosity of the sign powder of feed bin unloading experiment and rheometer experiment is close, can regard as the embodiment of the utility model provides a method can be effectively carried out the sign to the apparent viscosity of powder. Compared with a rheometer, the embodiment of the utility model provides a method still has characteristics such as easy operation, principle are simple, the instrument is simple and easy, provides a better replacement equipment and method.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the principles of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A powder apparent viscosity measurement system, characterized by comprising:
a storage bin;
the gas source gas supply device is connected with the storage bin and is used for injecting gas into the storage bin so as to enable powder in the storage bin to be discharged from a storage bin outlet of the storage bin;
the weight sensor is positioned below the outlet of the storage bin and used for weighing the powder mass discharged from the storage bin;
the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure in the storage bin;
the processor is respectively electrically connected with the weight sensor and the pressure sensor and is used for acquiring the mass of the powder and the pressure in the storage bin and outputting the blanking mass flow rate and the apparent viscosity of the powder.
2. The powder apparent viscosity measurement system of claim 1, wherein the gas supply device comprises a pipeline, and a needle valve and a flow meter arranged on the pipeline;
one end of the pipeline is used for inputting external air supply equipment, and the other end of the pipeline is connected with the stock bin;
the flowmeter is used for measuring the gas flow in the pipeline;
the processor is also electrically connected with the needle valve and the flowmeter respectively, and is used for acquiring the gas flow and sending an adjusting instruction to the needle valve so as to adjust the opening of the needle valve.
3. The powder apparent viscosity measurement system of claim 2, wherein the gas supply device comprises a freeze dryer, the freeze dryer is arranged on the pipeline, and the freeze dryer is used for removing moisture and impurities in the gas.
4. The powder apparent viscosity measurement system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the gas supply device further comprises a gas storage tank disposed on the pipeline, the gas storage tank being configured to store and buffer gas.
5. The powder apparent viscosity measurement system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the bin further comprises a pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve is arranged at the top of the bin, and the pressure relief valve is electrically connected with the processor; the powder apparent viscosity measuring system also comprises a comparator;
one input end of the comparator is electrically connected with the pressure sensor, the other input end of the comparator is used for inputting an upper limit value of a safe pressure range, and the output end of the comparator is electrically connected with the processor;
the comparator is used for sending a trigger signal to the processor when the pressure in the storage bin is larger than the upper limit value of the safety pressure range;
the processor is used for sending an opening instruction to the pressure relief valve when receiving the trigger signal so as to open the pressure relief valve.
6. The powder apparent viscosity measurement system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the silo comprises a cylindrical silo body and a conical blanking silo body connected with the cylindrical silo body.
7. The powder apparent viscosity measurement system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the gas supply device comprises a compressor, and the compressor is connected with the gas source supply device and is used for supplying gas to the gas source supply device.
8. The powder apparent viscosity measurement system of claim 2 or 3, further comprising a display electrically connected to the processor for displaying the discharge mass flow rate, the pressure in the hopper, and the apparent viscosity of the powder.
9. The powder apparent viscosity measurement system of claim 5, further comprising an alarm electrically connected to the output of the comparator and the processor, respectively;
the comparator is also used for sending a trigger signal to the alarm when the pressure in the storage bin is greater than the upper limit value of the safety pressure range;
the alarm is used for generating an alarm prompt when receiving the trigger signal.
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