CN218414794U - Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus, battery shell and battery - Google Patents
Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus, battery shell and battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN218414794U CN218414794U CN202221355926.9U CN202221355926U CN218414794U CN 218414794 U CN218414794 U CN 218414794U CN 202221355926 U CN202221355926 U CN 202221355926U CN 218414794 U CN218414794 U CN 218414794U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, a battery shell and a battery, belongs to the field of batteries, and mainly solves the problems that the existing battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment mode is incomplete in treatment, the size of the treatment device is large, and the like. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device comprises a cooling adsorption unit and an ignition unit; the cooling adsorption unit comprises N tanks which are sequentially connected in series, cooling materials and/or adsorption materials are filled in the N tanks and are used for cooling and/or adsorbing the thermal runaway smoke of the battery, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the ignition unit is arranged at the outlet end of the Nth tank body and is used for igniting the cooled and/or adsorbed smoke. The device is beneficial to improving the cooling and adsorption effect of the rear end cooling and adsorption cavity on the thermal runaway smoke of the battery, and meanwhile, the stroke of smoke flowing through is long, so that the space is saved, and the assembly is convenient; the ignition unit can consume combustible components in the smoke, prevent insufficient adsorption and improve safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, a battery shell and a battery.
Background
The application field of the lithium ion battery is very wide, and in recent years, with the further development of the energy storage field of the lithium ion battery, the safe use of the lithium ion battery also receives attention. Because lithium ion battery's principle and structural feature, often generate heat because of the internal resistance in the use repeatedly and produce great heat, the heat can increase gradually moreover, if accumulational heat does not effectively distribute, the temperature then can further rise, when the temperature reaches the limit, the thermal balance of battery then can be destroyed, arouse a series of self-heating side reaction, produce a large amount of combustible gas, the phenomenon of "thermal runaway" appears, can lead to finally that the battery is inside to catch fire, arouse the explosion when serious, cause the hidden danger to user's personal safety.
Chinese patent CN109088109A discloses a safety battery, which comprises a battery assembly and an air bag, wherein a collecting air bag is arranged at a pressure relief port of the battery assembly for collecting gas generated during thermal runaway of the battery, and then inert gas is used for diluting the thermal runaway gas, so that the mixed gas has incombustibility. However, the temperature of the gas sprayed out of the battery pressure relief opening is higher, so that the temperature resistance of the collecting air bag is higher; in addition, once thermal runaway occurs in a large-capacity battery, the amount of gas released by the battery is very large, and after the battery is diluted by inert gas with multiple volumes, the size of an air bag is very large, and the structure is complex; and the patent does not address flue gas; therefore, the collecting and diluting mode is not suitable for large-capacity batteries and is only suitable for batteries with smaller capacity.
Chinese patent CN108417757A provides a safe lithium battery and a preparation method thereof, the lithium battery in the scheme comprises a battery core and a safe explosion-proof device, the safe explosion-proof device is a material bag, a gas adsorbent is arranged in the material bag, the gas adsorbent is activated carbon, a molecular sieve or a mixture of the activated carbon and the molecular sieve, and high-temperature substances sprayed out of the battery are directly adsorbed in the scheme. When the adopted adsorbent such as activated carbon, molecular sieve and the like is used for adsorption, the adsorption effect is poorer when the temperature of the adsorbed substance is higher, for example, the adsorption temperature of the activated carbon to gas substances is below 50 ℃, the temperature of sprayed gas is generally higher than 300 ℃ when the battery is in thermal runaway, the activated carbon loses the adsorption function to the gas substances at the temperature and has the desorption function to the adsorbed substances, and although the adsorbent can absorb gasified electrolyte at the temperature, flammable gas substances such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and the like generated when the battery is in thermal runaway can not be sufficiently adsorbed, and the substances still have the danger of explosion when the battery is in thermal runaway.
From the above description, although the existing battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment method can treat the thermal runaway flue gas to a certain extent, the existing battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment method has the defects of incomplete treatment, large volume of a treatment device, complex structure and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, a battery shell and a battery, aiming at solving the problems that the existing battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment mode is not thorough in treatment, and the treatment device has the defects of large volume, complex structure and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device comprises a cooling adsorption unit and an ignition unit;
the cooling adsorption unit comprises N tank bodies which are sequentially connected in series, wherein cooling materials and/or adsorption materials are filled in the N tank bodies and are used for cooling and/or adsorbing battery thermal runaway smoke, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the ignition unit is arranged at the outlet end of the Nth tank body and is used for igniting the cooled and/or adsorbed smoke.
Preferably, the N tank bodies are linearly arranged in a row, or linearly arranged in a U shape, or linearly arranged in a V shape, or linearly arranged in an L shape.
Preferably, X perforated plates are arranged in each tank body, a cooling adsorption cavity is formed by two adjacent perforated plates and the inner wall of the tank body, the cooling material and/or the adsorption material are filled in part of the cooling adsorption cavity or all of the cooling adsorption cavity, and X is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
Preferably, adjacent perforated plates are axially connected by connecting rods.
Preferably, adjacent tank bodies are connected in series through an elbow or a hose, and a buffer backflow cavity for battery thermal runaway smoke to pass through is formed in the elbow.
Preferably, an anti-backfire unit is further fixedly arranged on the Nth tank body.
Preferably, a collecting unit is further arranged between the Nth tank body and the ignition unit.
Preferably, the ignition unit is a pulse igniter; the ignition unit also comprises an air inlet used for introducing air to be mixed with the thermal runaway smoke for ignition.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided by the invention, the N cooling and/or adsorption tank bodies are combined and connected in series at will, the temperature and flow of the battery thermal runaway flue gas are reduced by the cooling tank bodies, and the adsorption treatment is carried out by the adsorption tank bodies, so that the flue gas flowing through the device has a longer stroke, the battery thermal runaway flue gas is treated more thoroughly, and the safety of the device is greatly improved.
2. In the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided by the invention, the temperature and flow of the flue gas can be reduced by the battery thermal runaway flue gas passing through the cooling adsorption cavity, so that the adsorption capacity of the rear cooling adsorption cavity to the flue gas is improved, and the purification effect is improved. Meanwhile, after the battery thermal runaway flue gas is cooled at the front end, the service life of a treatment device at the rear end is prolonged.
3. In the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, in order to prevent combustible components such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and the like from still existing after cooling and/or adsorption of the N tanks, the outlet end of the Nth tank is provided with the ignition unit which is used for igniting the cooled and/or adsorbed flue gas, so that the combustible components in the flue gas can be consumed, and the combustible substances in the flue gas are prevented from entering air to cause safety accidents.
4. In the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided by the invention, the N tank bodies can be arranged according to the requirement of the installation space, and can be arranged in various forms such as a row, a U shape, a V shape or an L shape, so that various installation requirements are met, and the space is saved.
5. In the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided by the invention, the N tank bodies can be assembled through the bent pipes, so that the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is convenient to install and disassemble, is suitable for most of the existing single batteries and assembled batteries, does not need to change the structure of the existing batteries, and has the advantages of lower treatment cost and wider application range.
6. In the battery thermal runaway flue gas processing device provided by the invention, the collection unit can collect combustible components in the flue gas, the combustible components are ignited at the outlet end after the gas quantity reaches the threshold value, and the ignition unit is not started if the gas quantity does not reach the threshold value, so that the collection unit is added as a defense line before the ignition unit, and the safety is improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a fourth schematic view of a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in an embodiment of the invention;
reference numerals: 1-cooling adsorption unit, 2-ignition unit, 3-tank body, 4-elbow pipe and 5-collection unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device which comprises a cooling adsorption unit and an ignition unit; the cooling adsorption unit comprises N tanks which are sequentially connected in series, cooling materials and/or adsorption materials are filled in the N tanks and are used for cooling and/or adsorbing the thermal runaway smoke of the battery, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the ignition unit is arranged at the outlet end of the Nth tank body and is used for igniting the cooled and/or adsorbed smoke.
The arrangement mode and the internal structure of the tank body are not limited, so long as the use requirements can be met, and the cooling material and/or the adsorption material in the tank body can be partially filled or completely filled so as to meet different use requirements. The temperature and the flow of the battery thermal runaway flue gas can be reduced through the cooling adsorption cavity, so that the adsorption capacity of the rear end cooling adsorption cavity to the flue gas is improved; in order to prevent combustible components such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane from remaining after cooling and/or adsorption of the N tank bodies, the ignition unit is arranged at the outlet end of the Nth tank body and used for igniting the cooled and/or adsorbed flue gas, so that the combustible components in the flue gas can be consumed, and combustible substances in the flue gas are prevented from entering the air to cause safety accidents.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided by the present embodiment includes a cooling adsorption unit 1 and an ignition unit 2 connected to each other; the cooling adsorption unit 1 comprises 8 tank bodies 3, cooling materials are filled in the 1 st to 4 th tank bodies 3, adsorption materials are filled in the 5 th to 8 th tank bodies 3, and the 8 tank bodies 3 are linearly arranged in a row; the ignition unit 2 is arranged at the outlet end of the 8 th tank body 3 and is used for igniting the cooled and adsorbed flue gas.
In this embodiment, adjacent tank bodies 3 are connected in series through the elbow 4, and a buffer return cavity for flue gas is formed in the elbow 4. 2 perforated plates are arranged in the 1 st to 4 th tank bodies 3, the 2 perforated plates are axially connected through connecting rods with threads at two ends, namely two ends of each connecting rod respectively penetrate through the perforated plates and are fixed through nuts, two adjacent perforated plates and the inner wall of the tank body 3 form a cooling adsorption cavity, and ceramic balls are filled in the cooling adsorption cavities; similarly, 2 perforated plates are arranged in the 5 th to 8 th tank bodies 3, two adjacent perforated plates and the inner wall of the tank body form a cooling adsorption cavity, and activated carbon is filled in the cooling adsorption cavity. The temperature and the flow of the battery thermal runaway flue gas are reduced through the 1 st to 4 th tank bodies, and then the battery thermal runaway flue gas enters the 5 th to 8 th tank bodies for adsorption treatment, so that the purification effect is improved; the exit end of the 8 th tank body is provided with an ignition unit 2, so that the cooled and adsorbed flue gas is ignited, and safety accidents caused by the existence of combustible substances such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane in the cooled and adsorbed flue gas are prevented.
In the present embodiment, the shape of the can body is not limited as long as the cooling material and/or the adsorbing material can be filled therein, and in the present embodiment, a circular can body with high stress and pressure resistance is preferably used as the can body.
The cooling material in this embodiment may also be one or a combination of more of a honeycomb ceramic body, silica, alumina, zirconia, titania; the adsorption material can also be one or more of graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate and porous glass.
In this embodiment, the 8 th tank 3 is further fixedly provided with an anti-backfire unit to prevent the flue gas from flowing back; still be equipped with collection unit 7 between 8 jar bodies 3 and ignition unit 2, collection unit 7 can collect combustible component in the flue gas, and the gas quantity ignites at the exit end after reaching the threshold value, if not reach the threshold value then do not start ignition unit 2, has increased collection unit as a defence line before the ignition unit, has improved the security.
In this embodiment, the ignition unit 2 is a pulse igniter, and the ignition unit 2 further includes an air inlet for introducing air to mix with the thermal runaway flue gas for ignition.
Example 2
The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided by the embodiment comprises a cooling adsorption unit 1 and an ignition unit 2 which are connected; the cooling adsorption unit 1 comprises 6 tank bodies 3, cooling materials are filled in the 6 tank bodies 3, and the 6 tank bodies 3 are linearly arranged in a row; the ignition unit 2 is arranged at the outlet end of the 6 th tank body 3 and is used for igniting the cooled and adsorbed smoke.
In this embodiment, adjacent tank bodies 3 are connected in series through the elbow 4, and a buffer return cavity of flue gas is formed in the elbow 4. Every 3 internal 2 perforated plates that are provided with of jar, 2 perforated plates establish screwed connecting rod axial through both ends and connect, and the perforated plate is passed respectively at the both ends of connecting rod promptly, and is fixed through the nut, and two adjacent perforated plates form the cooling with 3 inner walls of jar body and adsorb the chamber, and the cooling is adsorbed the intracavity to the aluminium oxide packing. The battery thermal runaway flue gas reduces the temperature and flow through the 6 tank bodies 3, the ignition unit 2 is arranged at the outlet end of the 6 th tank body, the cooled flue gas is ignited, and safety accidents caused by the existence of combustible substances such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane in the cooled flue gas are prevented.
In this embodiment, the shape of the can body is not limited as long as the can body can be filled with a cooling material, and in this embodiment, a circular can body having high stress and pressure resistance is preferably used as the can body.
The cooling material in this embodiment may also be one or a combination of more of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silica, zirconia, and titania; the adsorption material can also be one or more of graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate and porous glass.
In this embodiment, still fixed being provided with anti-backfire unit on the 6 th jar of body 3 prevents the flue gas backward flow.
In this embodiment, the ignition unit 2 is a pulse igniter, and the ignition unit 2 further includes an air inlet for introducing air to mix with the thermal runaway flue gas for ignition.
Example 3
The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided by the embodiment comprises a cooling adsorption unit 1 and an ignition unit 2 which are connected; the cooling adsorption unit 1 comprises 8 tank bodies 3, adsorption materials are filled in the tank bodies 3, and the 8 tank bodies 3 are linearly arranged in a row; the ignition unit 2 is arranged at the outlet end of the 8 th tank body 3 and is used for igniting the cooled and adsorbed flue gas.
In this embodiment, adjacent tank bodies 3 are connected in series through the elbow 4, and a buffer return cavity for flue gas is formed in the elbow 4. 2 perforated plates are arranged in each tank body 3, two adjacent perforated plates and the inner wall of the tank body form a cooling adsorption cavity, and graphite is filled in the cooling adsorption cavity. The battery thermal runaway flue gas enters 8 tank bodies for adsorption treatment, so that the purification effect is improved; the exit end of the 8 th tank body is provided with an ignition unit 2, the flue gas after adsorption is ignited, and safety accidents caused by the existence of combustible substances such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane in the flue gas after adsorption are prevented.
The adsorbing material in the embodiment can also be one or more of activated carbon, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate and porous glass.
In this embodiment, the 8 th tank 3 is further fixedly provided with an anti-backfire unit to prevent the flue gas from flowing back; still be equipped with collection unit 7 between 8 jar bodies 3 and ignition unit 2, collection unit 7 can collect combustible component in the flue gas, and the gas quantity ignites at the exit end after reaching the threshold value, if not reach the threshold value then do not start ignition unit 2, has increased collection unit as a defence line before the ignition unit, has improved the security.
In this embodiment, the ignition unit 2 is a pulse igniter, and the ignition unit 2 further includes an air inlet for introducing air to mix with the thermal runaway flue gas for ignition.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided by the embodiment includes a cooling adsorption unit 1 and an ignition unit 2 which are connected; the cooling adsorption unit 1 comprises 4 tank bodies 3, cooling materials are filled in the 1 st to 2 nd tank bodies 3, adsorption materials are filled in the 3 rd to 4 th tank bodies 3, and the 4 tank bodies 3 are linearly arranged in a row; the ignition unit 2 is arranged at the outlet end of the 4 th tank body 3 and is used for igniting the cooled and adsorbed smoke.
In this embodiment, adjacent tank bodies 3 are connected in series through the elbow 4, and a buffer return cavity of flue gas is formed in the elbow 4. 2 perforated plates are arranged in the 1 st to 2 nd tank bodies 3, the 2 perforated plates are axially connected through connecting rods with threads at two ends, namely two ends of each connecting rod respectively penetrate through the perforated plates and are fixed through nuts, two adjacent perforated plates and the inner wall of the tank body 3 form a cooling adsorption cavity, and the honeycomb ceramic body is filled in the cooling adsorption cavity; similarly, 2 perforated plates are arranged in the 3 rd to 4 th tank bodies 3, two adjacent perforated plates and the inner wall of the tank body form a cooling adsorption cavity, and porous glass is filled in the cooling adsorption cavity. The temperature and the flow of the battery thermal runaway flue gas are reduced through the 1 st to 2 nd tank bodies, and then the battery thermal runaway flue gas enters the 3 rd to 4 th tank bodies for adsorption treatment, so that the purification effect is improved; the exit end of 8 th jar of body has set up ignition unit 2, ignites the flue gas after cooling and absorption, prevents to have hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and other combustible substance to exist in the flue gas after cooling and absorption and cause the incident.
In this embodiment, the shape of the can body is not limited as long as the can body can be filled with the cooling material and/or the adsorbing material, and in this embodiment, a circular can body with good stress and pressure resistance is preferably used as the can body.
The cooling material in this embodiment may also be one or a combination of more of ceramic balls, silica, alumina, zirconia, and titania; the adsorbing material can also be one or more of graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate and activated carbon.
In this embodiment, the 8 th tank 3 is further fixedly provided with an anti-backfire unit to prevent the flue gas from flowing back; still be equipped with collection unit 7 between 8 th jar of body 3 and the ignition unit 2, collection unit 7 can collect combustible component in the flue gas, and the gas volume ignites at the exit end after reaching the threshold value, if not reach the threshold value then do not start the ignition unit 2, has increased collection unit as a defence line before the ignition unit, has improved the security.
In this embodiment, the ignition unit 2 is a pulse igniter, and the ignition unit 2 further includes an air inlet for introducing air to mix with the thermal runaway flue gas for ignition.
Example 5
The present embodiment provides a battery case, which includes the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in the above embodiments 1 to 4.
Example 6
This embodiment provides a battery including the battery case of embodiment 5 described above.
The above examples only show several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus which characterized in that: comprises a cooling adsorption unit and an ignition unit;
the cooling adsorption unit comprises N tank bodies which are sequentially connected in series, wherein cooling materials and/or adsorption materials are filled in the N tank bodies and are used for cooling and/or adsorbing battery thermal runaway smoke, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the ignition unit is arranged at the outlet end of the Nth tank body and is used for igniting the cooled and/or adsorbed smoke.
2. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein: the N tank bodies are linearly arranged in a row, or linearly arranged in a U shape, or linearly arranged in a V shape, or linearly arranged in an L shape.
3. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein: x perforated plates are arranged in each tank body, a cooling adsorption cavity is formed by the two adjacent perforated plates and the inner wall of the tank body, a part of or all of the cooling adsorption cavity is filled with cooling materials and/or adsorbing materials, and X is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
4. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 3, wherein: the adjacent perforated plates are axially connected through a connecting rod.
5. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein: the adjacent tank bodies are connected in series through a bent pipe or a hose, and a buffer reflux cavity for the battery thermal runaway smoke to pass through is formed in the bent pipe.
6. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein: an anti-tempering unit is fixedly arranged on the Nth tank body.
7. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein: and a collecting unit is also arranged between the Nth tank body and the ignition unit.
8. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein: the ignition unit is a pulse igniter; the ignition unit also comprises an air inlet used for introducing air to be mixed with the thermal runaway smoke for ignition.
9. A battery case, characterized in that: the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device comprises the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A battery, characterized by: comprising the battery case of claim 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221355926.9U CN218414794U (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus, battery shell and battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221355926.9U CN218414794U (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus, battery shell and battery |
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| CN218414794U true CN218414794U (en) | 2023-01-31 |
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| CN202221355926.9U Active CN218414794U (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus, battery shell and battery |
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- 2022-06-01 CN CN202221355926.9U patent/CN218414794U/en active Active
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